Joshua 13:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וקריתים וְקִרְיָתַיִם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קריתים

Qiryâthayim

Definition

Kirjathaim, the name of two placed in Palestine

Root

dual of H7151 (קריה); double city;

Exhaustive

dual of קריה; double city; Kirjathaim, the name of two placed in Palestine; Kiriathaim, Kirjathaim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7156

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קִרְיָתַיִם

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1299

(Double city) Noun proper plural. 1. A city in Reuben/Moab. 2. A city in Naphtali.

קִרְיָתַיִם

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1299

(double city) n. p. 1. of a city in Reuben Num. 32, 37; Josh. 13, 19. Formerly it belonged to the אֵמִים, the primitive inhabitants of Moab Gen. 14, 5, but whose territory stretched farther. At the time of the prophets it belonged to Moab Jer. 48, 1 23; Ez. 25, 9... 2. a city in Naphtali 1 Chr. 6, 61, which may be ident. with קֶדֶשׁ.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: καριαθαιμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7156:

καριαθαιμ 5× (57.5%)

ושבמה וְשִׂבְמָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שבם

Sᵉbâm

Definition

Sebam or Sibmah, a place in Moab

Root

or (feminine) שבמה; probably from H1313 (בשם); spice;

Exhaustive

or (feminine) שבמה; probably from בשם; spice; Sebam or Sibmah, a place in Moab; Shebam, Shibmah, Sibmah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7643

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁבְמָה

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1374

(Balsam-place) Proper name of a city, once Moabite/Ammonite, later belonging to Reuben.

Matched via consonantal key only

שִׁבְמָה

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1374

Codex Sam. Num. 32, 3 variant; see שִׁבָּם.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שִׂבְמָה

proper name • Page 633

Name of a city in the tribe of Reuben, known for vines. Also spelled שִׁבְמָה. References: Num. 32:3, 38; Josh. 13:19; Is. 16:8, 9.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: σεβαμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7643:

σεβαμα 5× (81.5%)

וצרת וְצֶרֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צרת השחר

Tsereth hash-Shachar

Definition

Tsereth-hash-Shachar, a place in Palestine

Root

from the same as H6889 (צרת) and H7837 (שחר) with the article interposed; splendor of the dawn;

Exhaustive

from the same as צרת and שחר with the article interposed; splendor of the dawn; Tsereth-hash-Shachar, a place in Palestine; Zareth-shahar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6890

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁחֹר

unknown • Consonantal / Low • Page 1407

See שְׁחַר.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שְׁחֹר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1407

Blackness, nigror, soot, black coals.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שִׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

(Pih.) to seek zealously; to wish, to desire; to turn, i. e. to seek what had been left.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

root • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

a blackbird; comp. also שְׁחַרְוּר to be dark.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

II. (part. שָׁחַר) trans. prop. to split, to cut through, to break through; hence 1. to divide, to separate, to prove, to examine, to seek after a thing, to desire, to strive after. 2. to charm.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שִׁחֵר

verb piel • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To be very muddy or black, metaphorically to be slimy (e.g. of the Nile).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שַׁחַר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

masc. prop. 1. the shining or the breaking forth, of light; hence the early light, the dawn, aurora. 2. blackness, and therefore darkness, obscurity. 3. (from Arab.) to enchant. 4. searching out, examination. 5. kind of the dawn (in אֵילַת הַשַּׁחַר).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To burn, to lighten, to shine; used of the dawn and figuratively of early youth.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To be black, of the skin (in elephantiasis); generally to be dark, of coal, soot; to be browned, of colour.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחֹר and שְׁחֹר

adjective / f. • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

(pl. שְׁחֹרִים m., שְׁחֹרָה, pl. שְׁחֹרוֹת f.) black, of hair, of horses, of a raven; swarthy, of the skin.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6890:

No stats available

השחר הַשַּׁחַר

the Dawn

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צרת השחר

Tsereth hash-Shachar

Definition

Tsereth-hash-Shachar, a place in Palestine

Root

from the same as H6889 (צרת) and H7837 (שחר) with the article interposed; splendor of the dawn;

Exhaustive

from the same as צרת and שחר with the article interposed; splendor of the dawn; Tsereth-hash-Shachar, a place in Palestine; Zareth-shahar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6890

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁחֹר

unknown • Consonantal / Low • Page 1407

See שְׁחַר.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שְׁחֹר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1407

Blackness, nigror, soot, black coals.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שִׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

(Pih.) to seek zealously; to wish, to desire; to turn, i. e. to seek what had been left.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

root • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

a blackbird; comp. also שְׁחַרְוּר to be dark.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

II. (part. שָׁחַר) trans. prop. to split, to cut through, to break through; hence 1. to divide, to separate, to prove, to examine, to seek after a thing, to desire, to strive after. 2. to charm.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שִׁחֵר

verb piel • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To be very muddy or black, metaphorically to be slimy (e.g. of the Nile).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שַׁחַר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

masc. prop. 1. the shining or the breaking forth, of light; hence the early light, the dawn, aurora. 2. blackness, and therefore darkness, obscurity. 3. (from Arab.) to enchant. 4. searching out, examination. 5. kind of the dawn (in אֵילַת הַשַּׁחַר).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To burn, to lighten, to shine; used of the dawn and figuratively of early youth.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1409

To be black, of the skin (in elephantiasis); generally to be dark, of coal, soot; to be browned, of colour.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁחֹר and שְׁחֹר

adjective / f. • Root שחר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1410

(pl. שְׁחֹרִים m., שְׁחֹרָה, pl. שְׁחֹרוֹת f.) black, of hair, of horses, of a raven; swarthy, of the skin.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Particle definite article, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6890:

No stats available

בהר בְּהַר

in the mountain

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הר

har

Definition

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Root

a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);

Exhaustive

a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הַר

noun / masculine • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 411

1. a mountain, a hill. 2. Figuratively, a great power, kingdom, or obstacle. 3. A mountain-district or hill country.

הַר

noun • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 412

A mountain, height. The noun comes from a stem meaning to be high or elevated. It is used to refer to mountainous districts and in combination with place names.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַר

noun masculine • Page 192

a mountain, often a chain of mountains, mountainous country (Gen. 14:10). Plural: הָרִים.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὄροσ ὄρουσ ὄρει ὄρη ὀρέων

LXX Usage Statistics

H2022:

ὄροσ 157× (27.0%)

ὄρουσ 100× (17.5%)

ὄρει 92× (14.0%)

ὄρη 79× (14.2%)

ὀρέων 46× (8.1%)

ὄρεσιν 14× (2.2%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

ὀρεινὴν 7× (1.0%)

pεἰσ 6× (1.2%)

ὀρέων 5× (0.8%)

העמק הָעֵמֶק׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עמק

ʻêmeq

Definition

a vale (i.e. broad depression)

Root

from H6009 (עמק);

Exhaustive

from עמק; a vale (i.e. broad depression); dale, vale, valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also בית העמק.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6010

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵמֶק

noun masculine • Root עמק • Strongs / High • Page 1107

Plantations of trees, for flowers and for sowing on; a furrowed deep place; a plain; a valley; also for drawing up an army in battle. Poetic periphrasis for Jerusalem.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵמֶק

noun masculine • Root עמק • Page 515

1. a valley, liter. a low plain, as a cultivated place, (Job 39: 10. Ps. 65: 14. Cant. 2: 1.) as a place for combat (Job 39: 21). Applied to various specific valleys: עֵמֶק יִזְרְעֶאל, עֵמֶק הַמֶּלֶךְ etc. Gen. 14: 17. 2 Sam. 18: 18. 2. an inhabitant of the valley, i. q. אִישׁ הָעֵמֶק. 1 Chr. 12: 15.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: κοιλάδι κοιλάδα φάραγγα --- κοιλάδων

LXX Usage Statistics

H6010:

κοιλάδι 20× (26.8%)

κοιλάδα 11× (15.8%)

φάραγγα 3× (4.8%)

--- 2× (3.7%)

κοιλάδων 2× (3.5%)

'' 2× (3.2%)

φάραγγι 2× (2.9%)

κοιλάδοσ 2× (2.9%)

κοιλὰσ 2× (2.9%)

ενακιμ 2× (2.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Kirjathaim and Libnah, and Zarath-Shahar in the mountain of the valley,

LITV Translation:
and Kirjath-aim, and Sibmah, and Zareth-shahar in the mountain of the valley;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and Kiriathaim, and Sibmah, and Zereth, and Sion in Mount Enab;