Joshua 10:2

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וייראו וַיִּירְאוּ

And they are fearing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ירא

yârêʼ

Definition

to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten; affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in) fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), [idiom] see, terrible (act, -ness, thing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3372

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 642

1. To tremble, to quake, for fear or from faint-heartedness or joyous surprise. 2. To be afraid, to tremble, to be fearful. 3. To fear, with accusative of person or thing. 4. In a noble sense: to feel awe, to reverence, esteem highly, honour.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

To have religious awe, fear of God; to be pious, faithful, God-fearing; to worship; to turn back or refrain.

יָרֵא

adjective • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

Fearing, anxious, faint-hearted, in a worldly sense; but usually in a religious meaning.

יָרֵא

unknown • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 420

belonging to Nif. נוֹרָא, see יָרֵא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Page 295

to fear, reverence. [Entry incomplete on page]

יָרֵא

verb • Page 296

1. to fear, to be afraid (Josh. 22:25, Gen. 15:1, 21:17). Construed with an accusative of the person feared (Num. 14:9), with מִפְּנֵי (Josh. 11:6), or with לְ of the person or thing for which one fears (Josh. 9:24). 2. to honour, fear, reverence, revereri; e.g. one's parents (Lev. 19:3), the sanctuary (Lev. 19:30), or an oath (1 Sam. 14:26). Hence יָרֵא אֶת אֱלֹהִים to fear God, equivalent to being virtuous or pious.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Page 296

1. fearing. Often joined with personal pronouns to form a periphrasis for the finite verb, as יָרֵא אָנֹכִי 'I fear' (Gen. 32:12). 2. more as an adj. fearful (Deut. 20:8). יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים 'fearing God' (Gen. 22:12, Job 1:1).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: φοβοῦ ἐφοβήθη ἐφοβήθησαν φοβηθῇσ φοβεῖσθε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3372:

φοβοῦ 33× (11.1%)

ἐφοβήθη 27× (8.5%)

ἐφοβήθησαν 23× (6.9%)

φοβηθῇσ 16× (5.4%)

φοβεῖσθε 14× (4.7%)

φοβηθήσῃ 12× (3.8%)

φοβηθῆτε 12× (4.0%)

φοβηθήσονται 11× (3.3%)

φοβεῖσθαι 11× (3.5%)

φοβηθήσεσθε 11× (3.7%)

מאד מְאֹד

exceeding/greatness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאד

mᵉʼôd

Definition

properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

Root

from the same as H181 (אוד);

Exhaustive

from the same as אוד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3966

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְאֹד

m. noun / adverb • Root אוד • Strongs / High • Page 798

As a noun: power, strength, firmness. As an adverb: much, exceedingly, entirely, quickly, very. It is used to give force to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְאֹד

substantive / adv. • Root אוד איד • Page 350

1. Strength, force, vehementia (Deut. 6:5; 2 K. 23:25). 2. Usually an adverb: exceedingly, very, especially (Gen. 7:19; Num. 14:7; Ps. 46:2).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σφόδρα --- λίαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3966:

σφόδρα 258× (88.7%)

--- 13× (4.5%)

λίαν 8× (2.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

עיר עִיר

an awake city

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עיר

ʻîyr

Definition

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Root

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from H5782 (עור)

Exhaustive

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from עור; a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post); Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5892

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Proper name masculine meaning 'one setting up, strengthening'.

עִיר

noun feminine • Root עור • Strongs / High • Page 1083

1. An enclosed, fenced place, proceeding from the verb-idea 'to fence round, encircle, enclose'; hence town, city. 2. dwelling.

עִיר

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1084

1. A tower, a castle, a tower of watch; 2. A city generally, also a village, hamlet, or encampment; 3. Part of a city; 4. Metaphor for the inhabitants of a city.

עִיר

noun masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

Heat, anger, wrath.

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A proper name (a man mentioned in 1 Chr. 7, 12).

עִיר

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A watcher (Aram.), referring to archangels, good angels, or fallen ones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵעִיר

verb • Root עור • Page 498

1. To awaken from sleep. Zech. 4:1. 2. To stir up (e.g., the leviathan). Job 41:2; Deut. 32:11. 3. intrans. to awake. Ps. 35:23; Job 8:6.

עִיר

noun feminine • Page 505

I. a city. References include city of God (Ps. 46: 5), the holy city (Neh. 11: 1), and several proper names like city of salt and city of palms (Jericho).

עִיר

noun • Page 505

II. perhaps anger, hostile attack. Jer. 15:8; Hos. 11:9. Comp. Arab. med. Vav to attack, assault.

עִיר

m. chald. • Page 505

a watcher, a name of angels in the later Jewish demonology, so called because they watch over the souls of men. Dan. 4: 10, 14, 20.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πόλεισ πόλιν πόλεωσ πόλει πόλισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5892b:

πόλεισ 250× (22.9%)

πόλιν 200× (17.5%)

πόλεωσ 192× (17.0%)

πόλει 120× (9.9%)

πόλισ 83× (7.5%)

πόλεσιν 76× (6.1%)

πόλεων 50× (4.4%)

'' 35× (3.1%)

--- 26× (2.7%)

pεἰσ 16× (1.7%)

גדולה גְּדוֹלָה

mega

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גדול

gâdôwl

Definition

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

Root

or גדל; (shortened) from H1431 (גדל);

Exhaustive

or גדל; (shortened) from גדל; great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent; [phrase] aloud, elder(-est), [phrase] exceeding(-ly), [phrase] far, (man of) great (man, matter, thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble, proud thing, [idiom] sore, ([idiom]) very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1419

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּדוֹל

adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 304

Great (opposite of קָטָן). Can refer to size, extent, number, multitude, importance, weight, violence, or power. Applied to emotions like fear, joy, and sorrow. With reference to age, it means older or oldest. With reference to might, it means distinguished, noble, powerful, rich, influential. Used in titles like 'the great king' or 'the high-priest'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: μέγασ μέγα μεγάλην μεγάλη μεγάλῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1419a:

μέγασ 64× (12.4%)

μέγα 56× (10.9%)

μεγάλην 54× (10.6%)

μεγάλη 49× (9.6%)

μεγάλῃ 41× (8.2%)

μέγαν 36× (6.5%)

μεγάλου 30× (5.7%)

μεγάλα 26× (5.1%)

--- 19× (3.9%)

'' 18× (3.1%)

גבעון גִּבְעוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבעון

Gibʻôwn

Definition

Gibon, a place in Palestine

Root

from the same as H1387 (גבע); hilly;

Exhaustive

from the same as גבע; hilly; Gibon, a place in Palestine; Gibeon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1391

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּבְעוֹן

proper noun • Root גבע • Strongs / High • Page 300

(hill-place) A proper name of a hill-town four Roman miles from Bethel, and the leading place of the four confederate cities (Gibeon, Kephira, Be'erot, Kirjat-Je'arim). It was allotted to Benjamin and given to the priests. It was the site of a legal sanctuary with the tabernacle and an altar.

Noun proper name

LXX: γαβαων t? γαβαωνίτασ '' γαβαωνῖται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1391:

γαβαων 35× (68.4%)

t? 6× (8.9%)

γαβαωνίτασ 3× (5.6%)

'' 2× (3.7%)

γαβαωνῖται 2× (3.4%)

כאחת כְּאַחַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

Preposition, Adjective cardinal number feminine singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

ערי עָרֵי

cities

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עיר

ʻîyr

Definition

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Root

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from H5782 (עור)

Exhaustive

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from עור; a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post); Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5892

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Proper name masculine meaning 'one setting up, strengthening'.

עִיר

noun feminine • Root עור • Strongs / High • Page 1083

1. An enclosed, fenced place, proceeding from the verb-idea 'to fence round, encircle, enclose'; hence town, city. 2. dwelling.

עִיר

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1084

1. A tower, a castle, a tower of watch; 2. A city generally, also a village, hamlet, or encampment; 3. Part of a city; 4. Metaphor for the inhabitants of a city.

עִיר

noun masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

Heat, anger, wrath.

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A proper name (a man mentioned in 1 Chr. 7, 12).

עִיר

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A watcher (Aram.), referring to archangels, good angels, or fallen ones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵעִיר

verb • Root עור • Page 498

1. To awaken from sleep. Zech. 4:1. 2. To stir up (e.g., the leviathan). Job 41:2; Deut. 32:11. 3. intrans. to awake. Ps. 35:23; Job 8:6.

עִיר

noun feminine • Page 505

I. a city. References include city of God (Ps. 46: 5), the holy city (Neh. 11: 1), and several proper names like city of salt and city of palms (Jericho).

עִיר

noun • Page 505

II. perhaps anger, hostile attack. Jer. 15:8; Hos. 11:9. Comp. Arab. med. Vav to attack, assault.

עִיר

m. chald. • Page 505

a watcher, a name of angels in the later Jewish demonology, so called because they watch over the souls of men. Dan. 4: 10, 14, 20.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: πόλεισ πόλιν πόλεωσ πόλει πόλισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5892b:

πόλεισ 250× (22.9%)

πόλιν 200× (17.5%)

πόλεωσ 192× (17.0%)

πόλει 120× (9.9%)

πόλισ 83× (7.5%)

πόλεσιν 76× (6.1%)

πόλεων 50× (4.4%)

'' 35× (3.1%)

--- 26× (2.7%)

pεἰσ 16× (1.7%)

הממלכה הַמַּמְלָכָה

the Dominion

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ממלכה

mamlâkâh

Definition

dominion, i.e. (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; dominion, i.e. (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm); kingdom, king's, reign, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4467

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַמְלָכָה

noun feminine • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 864

1. dominion, reign, kingdom. 2. kingdom, a people under kingly rule.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַמְלָכָה

noun feminine • Root מלך • Page 382

1. a kingdom. 2. royal authority, dominion, or reign (1 K. 11:11, Josh 10:2).

מַמְלְכוּת

noun feminine • Root מלך • Page 382

Same as ממלכה; royal authority (Josh. 13:12).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: βασιλείασ βασιλείαν βασιλεία βασιλείαισ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4467:

βασιλείασ 32× (27.2%)

βασιλείαν 22× (17.7%)

βασιλεία 13× (10.5%)

βασιλείαισ 9× (7.4%)

βασιλεῖσ 5× (4.4%)

'' 5× (4.0%)

--- 4× (3.8%)

βασιλειῶν 4× (3.2%)

βασιλέων 3× (2.8%)

βασιλεῖαι 3× (2.6%)

וכי וְכִי

and that

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Conjunction, Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

היא הִיא

herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

גדולה גְדוֹלָה

mega

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גדול

gâdôwl

Definition

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

Root

or גדל; (shortened) from H1431 (גדל);

Exhaustive

or גדל; (shortened) from גדל; great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent; [phrase] aloud, elder(-est), [phrase] exceeding(-ly), [phrase] far, (man of) great (man, matter, thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble, proud thing, [idiom] sore, ([idiom]) very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1419

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּדוֹל

adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 304

Great (opposite of קָטָן). Can refer to size, extent, number, multitude, importance, weight, violence, or power. Applied to emotions like fear, joy, and sorrow. With reference to age, it means older or oldest. With reference to might, it means distinguished, noble, powerful, rich, influential. Used in titles like 'the great king' or 'the high-priest'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: μέγασ μέγα μεγάλην μεγάλη μεγάλῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1419a:

μέγασ 64× (12.4%)

μέγα 56× (10.9%)

μεγάλην 54× (10.6%)

μεγάλη 49× (9.6%)

μεγάλῃ 41× (8.2%)

μέγαν 36× (6.5%)

μεγάλου 30× (5.7%)

μεγάλα 26× (5.1%)

--- 19× (3.9%)

'' 18× (3.1%)

מן מִן־

from out of

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מן

min

Definition

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Root

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for H4482 (מן);

Exhaustive

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for מן; properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses; above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4480

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִן

m. / preposition • Root מנן • Strongs / High • Page 865

A part, portion. Also used as a preposition: from, of, out of.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 866

A preposition with the primary meaning 'from'. It denotes separation, removal from an object, motion from a thing in space and time, origin, or a part taken from a whole. Its meanings include 'from', 'out of', 'away from', and it is used to indicate source material, descent, and in comparisons ('than').

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 867

A preposition primarily meaning 'from' or 'out of'. Its various uses include indicating: source or origin (from, by); cause or means (through, by); separation, removal, or avoidance (away from, without); and forming the comparative degree with adjectives and verbs, equivalent to 'than' (e.g., better than, wiser than). It can also denote preference (more than, instead of).

מִן

preposition • Root מן • Strongs / High • Page 868

A preposition primarily signifying separation, 'from' or 'out of'. Its uses include: denoting removal from a place, origin, or cause; in comparisons, meaning 'than'; in a partitive sense, meaning 'some of', 'one of', or 'a part of'; and in a temporal sense, meaning 'from' or 'since' a particular time. It also appears in negative formulas like 'of nothing' or 'not any one'.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 869

A primary preposition with a wide range of meanings including: from, out of, away from (separation); since, after (temporal); because of, on account of (causal); used in a negative sense 'that not', especially with verbs of hindering or preventing.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 870

A preposition primarily meaning 'from,' denoting source, separation, or position. It can express concepts such as 'from the opposite side,' 'from below,' 'from above,' 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'from under.'

מִן

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 870

Aramaic preposition, same as the Hebrew מִן. 1. from, denoting the source whence a thing comes or the cause by which. 2. expressing intensity or increase, meaning 'above' or 'more than'. 3. used in a partitive sense.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִן

prefix • Root מנן , • Page 383

1. from (denoting a part). Hence: from the womb (Judg. 16:17); on this side of (1 Sam. 20:21). Often partitive: 'some of' (Lev. 5:9). 2. of, out of (Ps. 45:14). 3. at, in, on, by, in specifications of time and place. 4. on account of, concerning, de (Lev. 6:11 [6:18]).

מִן

unknown • Root מן • Page 350

Out of, from. See the full form מִן.

מִן

preposition • Page 384

A preposition with multiple uses on this page including: 5. towards, to (Gen. 13:11, Judg. 7:1); 6. against (Dan. 11:3, Deut. 33:7); 7. before, in presence of (Nah. 1:5, Num. 32:22); 8. more than (comparative) (Judg. 2:19, Jer. 5:3); 9. by, through (expressing cause) (Job 7:14, Cant. 3:10, Ecc. 12:11); 10. without (Job 11:15, 21:9); 11. before an infinitive expressing 'because', 'since', or 'so that... not' (Deut. 7:8, 2 Chr. 31:10, Gen. 27:1, Ex. 14:5); 12. before a future as a conjunction 'that not', 'lest' (Deut. 33:11); 13. [cut off] from being (Jer. 2:25, 48:2).

מִן

m. plur. מִנִּים • Page 383

a string. Ps. 150:4. Perhaps also Ps. 45:9 מִנִּי as an uncommon plural form.

מַן

chald. pron. • Page 383

1. who? what? Ezra 5:3, 9. Dan. 3:15. 2. מַן־דִּי whosoever, quicunque. Dan. 3:6, 11. 4:14. [4:17.]

Preposition

LXX: ἀπὸ ἐκ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4480a:

ἀπὸ 252× (23.4%)

ἐκ 244× (22.7%)

ἀπ' 136× (12.6%)

ἐμοῦ 65× (5.0%)

'' 43× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 42× (3.3%)

--- 32× (3.0%)

ἀφ' 17× (1.6%)

παρὰ 16× (1.5%)

παρ' 14× (1.3%)

העי הָעַי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עי

ʻAy

Definition

Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in Palestine

Root

or (feminine) עיא; (Nehemiah 11:31), or עית; (Isaiah 10:28), for H5856 (עי);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) עיא; (Nehemiah 11:31), or עית; (Isaiah 10:28), for עי; Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in Palestine; Ai, Aija, Aijath, Hai.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5857

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַי

noun proper • Root חוה • Strongs / High • Page 1079

N. p. of a Canaanitish chief city, east of Bethel, and at the northern boundary of Benjamin.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַי

proper name • Page 503

Proper name of a Canaanitish city, the residence of a king, west of Bethel, and on the northern boundary of the tribe of Benjamin (Gen. 12: 8, Josh. 7: 2).

Particle definite article, Noun proper name

LXX: γαι '' πόλιν αγγαι αια

LXX Usage Statistics

H5857:

γαι 25× (60.0%)

'' 5× (11.5%)

πόλιν 4× (9.2%)

αγγαι 3× (6.9%)

αια 2× (4.6%)

וכל וְכָל־

and every/all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

אנשיה אֲנָשֶׁיהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אנוש

ʼĕnôwsh

Definition

a man in general (singly or collectively)

Root

from H605 (אנש); properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified H120 (אדם)); hence,

Exhaustive

from אנש; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified אדם); hence,; a man in general (singly or collectively); another, [idiom] (blood-) thirsty, certain, chap(-man); divers, fellow, [idiom] in the flower of their age, husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some ([idiom] of them), [phrase] stranger, those, [phrase] their trade. It is often unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in apposition with another word. Compare איש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H582

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 160

A poetical expression for man, collectively spoken of the human race; also denotes mortal, decaying man, or particularly low-minded, corrupt man.

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 161

Proper name of a grandson of Adam, a son of Seth; in the antediluvian tradition an original conception of the primitive man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

m. prim. • Page 61

man, also collect. men. Found only poetically in Job, Isaiah, and the Psalms, except 2 Chr. 14:11. The prose expression is אָדָם.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0582:

No stats available

גברים גִּבֹּרִים׃

warriors

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבור

gibbôwr

Definition

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

Root

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as H1397 (גבר);

Exhaustive

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as גבר; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant; champion, chief, [idiom] excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one), strong (man), valiant man.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1368

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective • Root גבר • Strongs / High • Page 295

Strong, powerful, mighty, omnipotent; valiant, heroic, warlike. Used as a substantive for a strong one, a warrior, a hero. Metaphorically, an active, valiant, or upright man. In a bad sense, a violent man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective / noun • Root גבר • Page 125

1. strong, mighty. Gen. 10:8. Ps. 112 : 2. Hence spoken of God, Deut. 10: 17. 2. brave, valiant, and substantively a hero. 2 Sam. 17:8. Gen. 10: 9. Frequently in the phrase גִּבּוֹר חַיִל brave hero, mighty man of valour, Judg. 6: 12. 11: 1. 1 Sam. 16: 18. 2 K. 5: 1. 3. one great in substance, a man of wealth. 1 Sam. 9: 1. Ruth 2: 1. 2 K. 15: 20. also an active, enterprising man. 1 K. 11: 28. Neh. 11: 14. 4. particularly, leader of an army. 2 Sam. 23: 8. 1 K. 1: 8. 1 Chr. 29: 24. 2 Chr. 32 : 3. also generally, a leader, chief, 1 Chr. 9: 26. 5. in a bad sense, violent, tyrannical. Ps. 52 : 3. 126: 4.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δυνατοὶ δυνατὸσ ἰσχυροὶ δυνατῶν γίγασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1368:

δυνατοὶ 19× (11.6%)

δυνατὸσ 15× (9.3%)

ἰσχυροὶ 12× (7.5%)

δυνατῶν 12× (6.5%)

γίγασ 6× (3.6%)

δυνατοῖσ 6× (3.3%)

ὡσ 6× (3.7%)

μαχηταὶ 5× (2.7%)

δυνατοὺσ 5× (2.9%)

δυνατὸν 4× (2.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And they will fear greatly, for a great city was Gibeon, as one of the cities of the kingdom, and that it was great above Ai, and all her men mighty.

LITV Translation:
they were greatly afraid because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
then they were greatly terrified by them, for the king knew that Gibeon was a great city, as one of the chief cities, and all its men were mighty.