Chapter 3
Jonah 3:4
ויחל
וַיָּחֶל
and he is piercing through
2490c
| חלל
châlal
Definition: properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)
Root: a primitive root (compare H2470 (חלה)); also denominative (from H2485 (חליל))
Exhaustive: a primitive root (compare חלה); also denominative (from חליל); properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute); begin ([idiom] men began), defile, [idiom] break, defile, [idiom] eat (as common things), [idiom] first, [idiom] gather the grape thereof, [idiom] take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain, wound.
châlal
Definition: properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)
Root: a primitive root (compare H2470 (חלה)); also denominative (from H2485 (חליל))
Exhaustive: a primitive root (compare חלה); also denominative (from חליל); properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute); begin ([idiom] men began), defile, [idiom] break, defile, [idiom] eat (as common things), [idiom] first, [idiom] gather the grape thereof, [idiom] take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain, wound.
9001
ו
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
יונה
יוֹנָה
Dove ("Jonah")
3124
יונה
Yôwnâh
Definition: Jonah, an Israelite
Root: the same as H3123 (יונה);
Exhaustive: xlit Yônâh corrected to Yôwnâh; the same as יונה; Jonah, an Israelite; Jonah.
Yôwnâh
Definition: Jonah, an Israelite
Root: the same as H3123 (יונה);
Exhaustive: xlit Yônâh corrected to Yôwnâh; the same as יונה; Jonah, an Israelite; Jonah.
Noun proper name masculine
לבוא
לָבוֹא
to come in
935
| בוא
bôwʼ
Definition: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: None
bôwʼ
Definition: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: None
9005
ל
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common
בעיר
בָעִיר
within the City
5892b
| עיר
ʻîyr
Definition: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
Root: or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from H5782 (עור)
Exhaustive: or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from עור; a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post); Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
ʻîyr
Definition: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
Root: or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from H5782 (עור)
Exhaustive: or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from עור; a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post); Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
9003
ב
None
Definition: in, by
Root: None
Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article
None
Definition: in, by
Root: None
Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article
Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute
מהלך
מַהֲלַךְ
a walking course
4109
מהלך
mahălâk
Definition: a walk, i.e. a passage or a distance
Root: from H1980 (הלך);
Exhaustive: from הלך; a walk, i.e. a passage or a distance; journey, walk.
mahălâk
Definition: a walk, i.e. a passage or a distance
Root: from H1980 (הלך);
Exhaustive: from הלך; a walk, i.e. a passage or a distance; journey, walk.
Noun common both singular construct
יום
יוֹם
day
3117
יום
yôwm
Definition: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Root: from an unused root meaning to be hot;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.
yôwm
Definition: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Root: from an unused root meaning to be hot;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.
Noun common both singular absolute
אחד
אֶחָד
one
259
אחד
ʼechâd
Definition: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
Root: a numeral from H258 (אחד);
Exhaustive: a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,
ʼechâd
Definition: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
Root: a numeral from H258 (אחד);
Exhaustive: a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,
Noun common both singular absolute
ויקרא
וַיִּקְרָא
and he is summoning/reading
7121
| קרא
qârâʼ
Definition: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
Root: a primitive root (rather identical with H7122 (קרא) through the idea of accosting a person met);
Exhaustive: a primitive root (rather identical with קרא through the idea of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications); bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.
qârâʼ
Definition: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
Root: a primitive root (rather identical with H7122 (קרא) through the idea of accosting a person met);
Exhaustive: a primitive root (rather identical with קרא through the idea of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications); bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.
9001
ו
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
ויאמר
וַיֹּאמַר
and he is saying
559
| אמר
ʼâmar
Definition: to say (used with great latitude)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.
ʼâmar
Definition: to say (used with great latitude)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.
9001
ו
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
None
Definition: sequential 'and'
Root: None
Exhaustive: Verbal vav: joined to verb with no intervening prefix (usually conversive) (future<->past)
conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
עוד
ע֚וֹד
going around/he has testified
5750
עוד
ʻôwd
Definition: properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
Root: or עד; from H5749 (עוד);
Exhaustive: or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).
ʻôwd
Definition: properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
Root: or עד; from H5749 (עוד);
Exhaustive: or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).
Noun common both singular absolute
ארבעים
אַרְבָּעִים
fours/forty
705
ארבעים
ʼarbâʻîym
Definition: forty
Root: multiple of H702 (ארבע);
Exhaustive: multiple of ארבע; forty; -forty.
ʼarbâʻîym
Definition: forty
Root: multiple of H702 (ארבע);
Exhaustive: multiple of ארבע; forty; -forty.
Noun common masculine plural absolute
יום
יוֹם
day
3117
יום
yôwm
Definition: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Root: from an unused root meaning to be hot;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.
yôwm
Definition: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
Root: from an unused root meaning to be hot;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.
Noun common both singular absolute
ונינוה
וְנִינְוֵה
and House of Fish ("Nineveh")
5210
| נינוה
Nîynᵉvêh
Definition: Nineveh, the capital of Assyria
Root: of foreign origin;
Exhaustive: of foreign origin; Nineveh, the capital of Assyria; Nineveh.
Nîynᵉvêh
Definition: Nineveh, the capital of Assyria
Root: of foreign origin;
Exhaustive: of foreign origin; Nineveh, the capital of Assyria; Nineveh.
9002
ו
None
Definition: and
Root: None
Exhaustive: Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
None
Definition: and
Root: None
Exhaustive: Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
Conjunction, Noun proper name
נהפכת
נֶהְפָּכֶת׃
she who is being turned around
9016
None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
| None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
2015
הפך
hâphak
Definition: to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert; [idiom] become, change, come, be converted, give, make (a bed), overthrow (-turn), perverse, retire, tumble, turn (again, aside, back, to the contrary, every way).
hâphak
Definition: to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert; [idiom] become, change, come, be converted, give, make (a bed), overthrow (-turn), perverse, retire, tumble, turn (again, aside, back, to the contrary, every way).
Verb Niphal participle active feminine singular absolute
RBT Translation:
and he is piercing through Dove ("Jonah") to come in within the City a walking course day one and he is summoning/reading and he is saying going around fours/forty day and House of Fish ("Nineveh") she who is being turned around
RBT Paraphrase:
A transformation
And Dove is piercing through a walking course of one day to enter in within the City, and he is reading and he is saying, "A repeat of fours of a day,1 and House of Fish ("Nineveh"), is she who is being overturned!" A repeat of "fours" of a day, and her night is over turned
"40 night" | "40 day"
"40 night" | "40 day"
Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Jonah will begin to go in to the city the going of one day, and he will call, and say, Yet forty days and Nineveh being overthrown.
And Jonah will begin to go in to the city the going of one day, and he will call, and say, Yet forty days and Nineveh being overthrown.
LITV Translation:
And began to enter a day's journey into the city. And he cried out and said, Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown!
And began to enter a day's journey into the city. And he cried out and said, Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown!
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Jonah began to enter into the city about a day’s journey, and he proclaimed, and said, Yet three days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.
And Jonah began to enter into the city about a day’s journey, and he proclaimed, and said, Yet three days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.
Footnotes
| Jon. 3:4 | Jon. 3:4 There is nothing in the word ארבעים (arba'im) itself that directly implies multiplication by ten. The number forty in Hebrew is derived from the word for four (ארבע, arba) with the plural form -ים added, meaning "fours" or "four(s)" in a literal sense. Here’s how it works:
|