Job 27:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

כל כָל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

עוד עוֹד

going around/he has testified

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עוד

ʻôwd

Definition

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

Root

or עד; from H5749 (עוד);

Exhaustive

or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5750

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle similar to עַד, denoting continuance, with which עַד is sometimes interchanged.

עוֹד

noun / particle • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

A noun on this account. Used adverbially or as a particle with suffix, meaning 'since' or 'as long as'.

עוֹד

aram. (aramaic) • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Aramaic word, same meaning as the related Hebrew particle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹד

adverb • Root עוד • Page 494

Originally an infin. absol. from עוּד. 1. again, a second time (Gen. 4:25). 2. repeatedly, continually (Gen. 46:29; Ruth 1:14). 3. further, moreover (Ecc. 3:16). 4. yet, still; with a negative, 'no more' (Gen. 7:4; 8:10). Used with suffixes (e.g., עוֹדֶנִּי I am yet).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5750

I. עוֺד and (14 times) עֹד noun masculine — a going round, continuance; but used mostly as adverb accusative — still, yet, again, besides.

— suffix עוֺדֶנִּי (with apparently verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי¹) Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; 1 Samuel 20:14; עוֺדִי Genesis 48:15; Psalm 104:33; Psalm 139:18; Psalm 146:2; עוֺדְךָ Genesis 46:30 (4 times); feminine עוֺדָךְ 1 Kings 1:14; עוֺדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 (20 times); עוֺדֶנָּה 1 Kings 1:22; עוֺדָהּ Isaiah 28:4; עוֺדָם Isaiah 4:18; Esther 6:14; 3 feminine plural עוֺדֶינָה Kt (Qr 1 plural עוֺדֵינוּ) Lamentations 4:17. There occur also עוֺד אֲנִי 2 Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, 21; and עוֺד הֵם Isaiah 65:24.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Expressing continuance or persistence (still, yet)

• Genesis 18:22 (ואברהם עודנו עמֵד)
• Genesis 29:7 (הן עוד היום גדול)
• Genesis 43:7 (הַעוֺד אֲבִיכֶם חַי)
• 1 Samuel 13:7 (after casus pendens)
• Isaiah 5:25 (ועוד יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה)
• עוֺד לֹא not yet: Jeremiah 40:5; 2 Chronicles 20:23
• עוֺדֶנּוּ מְדַבֵּר while still speaking: Genesis 29:9; 1 Kings 1:22, 42; Job 1:16–18

b. Expressing addition or repetition (still, yet, more)

• Genesis 7:4 (after yet seven days)
• Genesis 29:27, 30 (עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות)
• Habakkuk 2:3 (כִּי עוֺד חָזוֺן לַמּוֺעֵד)
• Psalm 84:5 (עוד יהללוך)
• עוֺד מְעַט וְ yet a little and: Exodus 17:4; Hosea 1:4
• לא ... עוד no more: Exodus 2:3; Genesis 17:5; Isaiah 2:4

c. When the continuance is limited to a single occurrence (again)

• Genesis 4:25
• Genesis 18:29 (וַיֹּסֶף עוֺד לְדַבֵּר)
• Genesis 24:20 (וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֺד)
• 1 Samuel 10:22
• Jeremiah 31:4, 5, 23

d. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense)

• Genesis 19:12 (עוֺד מי לך פה)
• 1 Samuel 16:11 (עוֺד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן)
• וְאֵין עוֺד and there is none besides: Deuteronomy 4:39; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18
• אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֺד: Isaiah 47:8, 10; Zephaniah 2:15

2. With prefixes

a. בְּעוֺד literally in the continuance of ...

• While yet: Genesis 25:6 (בְּעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי); 2 Samuel 12:22; Psalm 104:33 (בְּעוֺדִי)
• Within yet (of time): Genesis 40:13, 19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 21:16
• Within yet (of distance): Genesis 48:7 (בְּעוֺד כִּבְרַת ארץ)

b. מֵעוֺד literally from the continuance of ...

• מֵעוֺדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was ...: Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30

Aramaic

עוֺד adverb still (Biblical Hebrew עוֺד; compare S-C⁶; ᵑ7; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic⁷).

• Daniel 4:28 עוֺד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא

¹ Olshausen, Justus. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861), § 222 g.

² Stade, Bernhard. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 352 b.

³ König, Friedrich Eduard. Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 444, iii. 360.

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 100. 5.

⁵ Siloam Inscription (SI).

⁶ Solomon Schechter and Charles Taylor, The Wisdom of Ben Sira (1899).

⁷ Friedrich Schulthess, Lexicon Syropalaestinum (1903).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔτι οὐκέτι --- ἕωσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5750:

ἔτι 314× (64.0%)

οὐκέτι 58× (11.6%)

--- 33× (6.8%)

ἕωσ 8× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.2%)

ἀλλ' 4× (0.8%)

ἦν 4× (0.8%)

πάλιν 3× (0.6%)

ἄλλοσ 3× (0.6%)

---% 3× (0.5%)

נשמתי נִשְׁמָתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשמה

nᵉshâmâh

Definition

a puff, i.e. wind, angry or vital breath, divine inspiration, intellect. or (concretely) an animal

Root

from H5395 (נשם);

Exhaustive

from נשם; a puff, i.e. wind, angry or vital breath, divine inspiration, intellect. or (concretely) an animal; blast, (that) breath(-eth), inspiration, soul, spirit.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5397

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְשַׁמָּה

noun • Root שמם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1448

A noun waste (waste places); also referring to persons, to languish. (Participle feminine singular used as a noun, derived from the Nif. of I).

Matched via consonantal key only

נְשָׁמָה

noun feminine • Root נשם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 996

breath, wind; the panting or breathing of anger; the spiritual inspiration of God in man, giving spiritual and physical life; the animating power or animal spirit; also applied to the life-spirit of beasts. Metaphorically: a) the soul, the source and seat of intelligence b) what is animated, a being.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נְשָׁמָה

f. verbal from נָשַׁם • Root נשם • Page 461

1. breath; (1.) the angry breath or anger of God. Is. 30:33. Ps. 18:16. (2.) his life-giving or inspiring breath. Job 32:5. 2. breath, the vital principle in the human body. Gen. 2:7. Job 27:3. 3. a living being. Deut. 20:16. Josh. 10:40.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5397

I. נְשָׁמָה (approximate number of occurrences: 24) noun feminine — breath.

— נְשָׁמָה absolute Deuteronomy 20:16 (9 times); construct נִשְׁמַת ¹ Genesis 2:7 (10 times); suffix נִשְׁמָתִי Job 27:3; נִשְׁמָתוֺ Job 34:14; plural נְשָׁמוֺת Isaiah 57:16.

1. Breath of God

• As hot wind kindling a flame Isaiah 30:33
• As destroying wind 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Job 4:9
• As cold wind producing ice Job 37:10
• Giving understanding or life Job 32:8; Job 33:4

2. Breath of man

• 1 Kings 17:17; Isaiah 42:5; Job 27:3; Daniel 10:17
• Breath of life נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 (Jehovist Source)
• As breathed in by God it is God’s breath in man Job 34:14; Job 33:4
• Characteristic of man (+ אָדָם אֲשֶׁר נְשָׁמָה בְּאַפּוֹ) Isaiah 2:22 man in whose nostrils is but a breath (late gloss)

3. Every breathing thing

• נֶפֶשׁ כָּל נְשָׁמָה Deuteronomy 20:16; Joshua 11:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:29
• כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה Joshua 10:40; Psalm 150:6
• Plural נְשָׁמוֺת Isaiah 57:16

4. Spirit of man

Parallel with רוּחַ: נֵר יְהוָה נִשְׁמַת אָדָם Proverbs 20:27 the spirit of man is a lamp of Yahweh.

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), p. 82.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: πνοὴ πνοὴν ἐμπνέον πνεῦμα πνοῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5397:

πνοὴ 5× (21.2%)

πνοὴν 5× (20.6%)

ἐμπνέον 4× (16.9%)

πνεῦμα 3× (10.8%)

πνοῆσ 3× (10.2%)

בי בי

within me

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

ורוח וְרוּחַ

and the spirit

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רוח

rûwach

Definition

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)

Root

from H7306 (רוח);

Exhaustive

from רוח; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions); air, anger, blast, breath, [idiom] cool, courage, mind, [idiom] quarter, [idiom] side, spirit(-ual), tempest, [idiom] vain, (whirl-) wind(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7307

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1325

To be extended, wide, broad, roomy; to be well, unrestrained, alleviated, easy, refreshed.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(Kal unused) intr. To breathe, to blow (of wind); to smell, of plants and scents; hence sometimes to breathe, to draw breath, generally to live and move; also fig. to have or feel pleasure in it, to perceive, to smell.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(II. not used) intr. to go, to wander; adopted for יָרַח, יָרַד and the proper name יָרִיחַ (wanderer).

רוּחַ

noun feminine / m. • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

1. The blowing, air, wind (breeze or storm); quarter, region, district (Metaphor). 2. The breath (often associated with anger/wrath, or word/oracle) or quick vanishing breath/nothingness/vanity. 3. Breath of life, animal life, anima, spirit (including sensuous feelings, passions, or moving force/restlessness).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רוּחַ

hiph. • Page 610

To smell. See רֵיחַ

רוּחַ

com. gen. • Page 610

1. Wind, air in motion (Gen. 8:1; Job 1:19); also the four quarters of heaven (Ezek. 37:9). 2. A breathing or exhalation; a breath (Job 7:7), creative power (Ps. 33:6), or vital breath in men and animals (Gen. 6:17). 3. A snuffing (of the nose), hence anger (Judg. 8:3). 4. The anima or animal soul, the vital principle (1 Sam. 30:12; Judg. 15:19).

רוּחַ

noun feminine • Page 611

The spirit, considered as coming from God; metaphorically a principle of life (Ezek. 10:17). The rational soul (animus), mind, intellect (Gen. 41:8). Inclination or disposition (Num. 5:14, Hos. 4:12). The Spirit of God or Jehovah, denoting life-giving power in men and nature (Gen. 1:3, Ps. 104:30), and the source of extraordinary gifts and prophecy (Num. 24:2, 1 Sam. 10:6).

רוּחַ

chald. n. • Page 611

1. wind. 2. a spirit.

רוּחַ

verb • Page 611

To be or become wide. Impers. 'I find room, I am relieved' (Job 32:20). Pu. מְרֻוָּח: wide, spacious (Jer. 22:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7307

I. רוּחַ (approximate number of occurrences: 378) noun feminine (less often masculine) — breath, wind, spirit.

— רוּחַ absolute Genesis 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 + etc.; plural רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36, רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; Numbers 26:16 (see Briggs¹, full statement of all passages).

1. Breath of mouth or nostrils

a. Literally

• רוּחַ מִּיו Job 15:30, compare Job 19:17
• רוּחַ אַמֵּינוּ Lamentations 4:20 (figurative of king)
• Of idols: לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14, Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19, Psalm 135:17
• Compare Job 9:18

b. As mere breath (compare 2.e.)

• דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ Job 16:3 (windy words)
• נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26
• הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13

c. As word of command

• Of God: בְּרוּחַ מִּיו כָּל צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (+ מֶּה)
• Of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4

d. As hard breathing in anger

• Of God: Job 4:9; Exodus 15:8; 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 30:28, Isaiah 59:19
• Of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4

e. As sign and symbol of life

• רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17, Genesis 7:15 (Priests' Code)
• נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַמָּיו Genesis 7:22 (Priests' Code)
• Ezekiel 37:5, 37:6, 37:8, 37:9, 37:10, 37:14; Ecclesiastes 3:19

2. Wind

a. Wind of heaven

• Genesis 8:1 (Priests' Code); Exodus 15:10 (Elohist Source); Numbers 11:31 (Yahwist Source); 1 Kings 18:45
• רוּחַ יהוה Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13
• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east wind): Exodus 10:13, Exodus 14:21 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 48:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10, 19:12, 27:26; Jonah 4:8
• רוּחַ צָפוֺן (north wind): Proverbs 25:23
• רוּחַ יָם (west wind): Exodus 10:19 (Yahwist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם (evening wind): Genesis 3:8 (Yahwist Source), compare Song of Solomon 2:17, 4:6
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four winds): Jeremiah 49:36, Ezekiel 37:9, Daniel 8:8, 11:4, Zechariah 2:10, 6:5
• רוּחַ סְעְרָה (storm wind): Psalm 107:25, 148:8, Ezekiel 1:4, 13:11, 13:13
• Wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:11; Psalm 104:3, 104:4, compare Hosea 4:19

b. Quarter (of wind), side

• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east side): Ezekiel 42:16
• רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן (north side): Ezekiel 42:17
• רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם (south side): Ezekiel 42:18
• רוּחַ הַיָּם (west side): Ezekiel 42:19
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four sides): Ezekiel 42:20, 1 Chronicles 9:24
• ר֑וּחָה (on the sides): Jeremiah 52:23

c. Breath of air

• שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6
• רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8

d. Air or gas

• כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18
• רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:11

e. Vain, empty thing

• רוּחַ Job 7:7
• דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2
• רְעוּת רוּחַ (striving for wind): Ecclesiastes 1:14, 2:11, 4:4, 6:9 etc.

3. Spirit (Animation or Temper)

As that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):

a. Animation, vivacity, vigour

• 1 Kings 10:5, 2 Chronicles 9:4
• Genesis 45:27 (Elohist Source); Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12

b. Courage

• Joshua 5:1, 2:11; Psalm 76:13, 77:4, 142:4; Isaiah 19:3

c. Temper, especially anger

• Judges 9:23, 8:3; Proverbs 16:32, 25:28, 29:11; Zechariah 6:8

d. Impatience or patience

• קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 (Priests' Code); אֶרֶךְ רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Compare Micah 2:7; Proverbs 14:29; Job 21:4

e. Spirit as troubled or bitter

• Genesis 41:8 (Elohist Source); Daniel 2:1, 2:3; Genesis 26:35 (Priests' Code)
• עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ Isaiah 54:6

f. As crushed

• Ezekiel 21:12; Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, 15:13, 17:22; Psalm 143:7

g. Unaccountable impulse

• 1 Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 1:1, 1:5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14
• רוּחַ קִנְאָה (jealous disposition): Numbers 5:14, 5:30
• רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁמָּט Isaiah 28:6

h. Prophetic spirit

• Numbers 27:18 (Priests' Code); 2 Kings 2:9, 2:15
• רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה (spirit of deep sleep): Isaiah 29:10
• רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zechariah 13:2

4. Spirit of the living being

Dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, idem נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):

a. Gift and creation of God

• Zechariah 12:1; Job 27:3; Isaiah 42:5

b. God preserves it

• Job 10:12, 12:10; Numbers 16:22, 27:16 (Priests' Code)

c. God's spirit

• Genesis 6:3 (Yahwist Source)

d. Departs at death

• Psalm 78:39, 104:29, 146:4
• Ecclesiastes 8:8, 12:7; Psalm 31:6

e. Disembodied being

• Job 4:15 (dubious)

5. Spirit as seat of emotion

a. Desire

• Isaiah 26:9 (idem נֶפֶשׁ)

b. Sorrow or trouble

• Job 7:11; 1 Samuel 1:15

6. Seat or organ of mental acts

Idem לֵב, or synonym with it:

• רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3, Deuteronomy 34:9 (Priests' Code)
• תּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24; Ezekiel 11:5, 20:32; 1 Chronicles 28:12

7. Of the will

• רוּחַ נָכוֺן Psalm 51:12
• רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalm 51:14; Exodus 35:21 (Priests' Code)

8. Moral character

Idem לֵב:

• רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19, 18:31, 36:26
• דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalm 34:19; שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19

9. Spirit of God

(94 t.; not D or Jeremiah; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy):

a. Inspiring ecstatic prophecy

• Numbers 11:17, 11:25, 11:29 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Samuel 10:6, 19:20; 1 Kings 22:21
• As רוּחַ רָעָה (evil spirit from God): 1 Samuel 16:14, 16:15, 16:23, 18:10
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 2:2, 3:12, 8:3, 11:1, 37:1

b. Impelling prophets to utter instruction

• Numbers 24:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; Zechariah 7:12; Nehemiah 9:30; Joel 3:1

c. Imparting warlike energy or administrative power

• To Judges/Kings: Judges 3:10, 6:34, 11:29, 13:25; 1 Samuel 11:6, 16:13
• To Messianic king/servant: Isaiah 11:2, 42:1

d. Endowing with technical skill or understanding

• Exodus 31:3, 35:31 (Priests' Code); Job 32:8; Proverbs 1:23

e. Energy of life

• Genesis 1:2 (Priests' Code); Job 33:4; Ezekiel 1:12, 39:29

f. Divine Presence

• רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֺ (His holy spirit): Isaiah 63:10, 63:11; Psalm 51:13
• Omnipresence: Psalm 139:7

¹ C. A. Briggs, "The Use of רוח in the Old Testament", Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1900), pp. 132–145.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πνεῦμα πνεύματι πνεύματοσ πνεῦμά ἄνεμον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7307:

πνεῦμα 169× (43.2%)

πνεύματι 31× (7.3%)

πνεύματοσ 27× (7.1%)

πνεῦμά 21× (4.9%)

ἄνεμον 14× (3.7%)

ἄνεμοσ 9× (2.2%)

ἀνέμου 7× (1.9%)

'' 6× (1.4%)

ἀνέμουσ 6× (1.7%)

--- 5× (1.4%)

אלוה אֱלוֹהַּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלוה

ʼĕlôwahh

Definition

a deity or the Deity

Root

rarely (shortened) אלה; probably prolonged (emphatic) from H410 (אל);

Exhaustive

rarely (shortened) אלה; probably prolonged (emphatic) from אל; a deity or the Deity; God, god. See אלהים.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H433

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלוֹהַ

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 135

Singular noun for God. Prevails in the poetical books (especially Job) and late prose. Cognate with Aramaic אֱלָהּ (Elah), Samaritan אָלָה, and Arabic إِله (Ilah/Allah).

אֱלוֹהַּ

noun masculine • Root אל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 134

God; synonymous with אֵל. Applied to: a) heathen gods (e.g., god of fortresses), b) the most high and true God.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלוֹהַּ

m. prim. dec. i. • Root אלה • Page 51

God; to fear, reverence. Spoken by way of eminence of Jehovah, but also of other gods. Ref: Dan. 11:37-39; Neh. 9:17; 2 Chr. 32:15; Deut. 32:15, 17; Job 3:4; 4:9, etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H433

I. אֱלֹהַּ (approximate number of occurrences: 57) noun masculine — god, God.

Cognates:

• Samaritan id. (same)
• Aramaic אֱלָהּ
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ
• Arabic إله
• Sabean אלה (D. H. Müller¹)

(אֱלֹהַּ as found in Hebrew probably a singular formed by inference from plural אֱלֹהִים: compare E. Nestle²).

1. heathen god, late usage:
   • 2 Chronicles 32:15
   • Daniel 11:37
   • Habakkuk 1:11 (suffix לְאֱלֹהָו)
   • 2 Kings 17:31 (but Qere אֱלֹהָי)
   • Job 12:6 (H. Ewald, A. Dillmann, Revised Version margin, etc.)
2. God, used in ancient poems Deuteronomy 32:15, Deuteronomy 32:17; Psalm 18:32, and on their basis an archaism in later poetry Job 3:4 + (41 times in Job), Psalm 50:22; Psalm 114:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 30:5; Isaiah 44:8; Habakkuk 3:3; Nehemiah 9:17 (citing Exodus 34:6 where אֵל is used).

¹ D. H. Müller, l.c. (in the place cited).

² E. Nestle, l.c. (in the place cited).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0433:

No stats available

באפי בְּאַפִּי׃

in my nostril/nose

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אף

ʼaph

Definition

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Root

from H599 (אנף);

Exhaustive

from אנף; properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire; anger(-gry), [phrase] before, countenance, face, [phrase] forebearing, forehead, [phrase] (long-) suffering, nose, nostril, snout, [idiom] worthy, wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H639

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 171

Properly the projecting, the prominent; the nose as the prominent thing of the face; anger (conceived of as a snorting of the nose); face.

אַף

preposition / conj. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 172

Properly a preposition meaning 'with', 'at', 'to', 'before', 'toward'. As a conjunction it signifies 'also', 'likewise', 'even', 'yea', 'how much more' (a fortiori). It is often used to make pronouns or particles emphatic. When reduplicated (אַף ... אַף) it means 'as well ... as also'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַף

conj. prim. • Page 64

1. also. 2. and. 3. yea rather. 4. but, yet. 5. how much less. 6. literally also when; how much more (after affirmation) or how much less (after negation).

אַף

chald. • Page 65

Chald. idem. (likewise, also). Dan. 6: 23.

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Page 65

1. nose; pride of nose, i. e. of countenance (Ps. 10: 4); the breathing of the nose, i. e. anger (Job. 4: 9). 2. anger (Prov. 22: 24). 3. face, countenance (Gen. 3: 19). 4. two persons (1 Sam. 1: 5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H639

I. אַף (approximate number of occurrences: 277) noun masculine Genesis 30:2 — nostril, nose, face, anger.

Cognates:

• Assyrian appu (face; Flood iii. 27, 29; compare Paul Haupt¹, Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament², Glossaries)
• Arabic أنف (nose)
• Ethiopic አፍ (nose)
• Aramaic ܐܦܝܢ, אַנְפִּין (face)

— אַף absolute Psalm 78:21 +; construct Genesis 27:45 +; suffix אַפִּי Exodus 22:23 +, etc.; dual אַפַּיִם Proverbs 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Genesis 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch Jehovist (Yahwist) Source, Elohist Source (Joshua 7:1 Priests' Code / Narrative? Joshua 23:16 Deuteronomic).

1. Physical Meanings

a. Nostril, as organ of breathing

• Genesis 2:7
• Genesis 7:22
• Job 27:3; compare Numbers 11:20
• 2 Samuel 22:9 = Psalm 18:9; compare Isaiah 65:5
• Isaiah 2:22
• Lamentations 4:20
• Ezekiel 38:18 (strike out C. H. Cornill)
• Amos 4:10
• ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּ֑יךָ (of יְהוָ֑ה) i.e. wind Exodus 15:8; compare נִשְׁמַת ר֣וּחַ אַפּ֑וֹ 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16 (see also below 3)

b. Nose, singular

• Canticles 7:5, 7:9
• Ezekiel 8:17
• Ezekiel 23:25
• Proverbs 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם)
• As organ of smelling: Deuteronomy 33:10; Psalm 115:6
• As place of ring for ornament: Genesis 24:47; Isaiah 3:21; Ezekiel 16:12
• As place of ring or hook for captive: 2 Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; for beasts, e.g. swine Proverbs 11:22; hippopotamus Job 40:24; crocodile Job 40:26

c. Dual: face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה)

• Genesis 19:1
• Genesis 42:6
• Genesis 48:12
• Numbers 22:31
• 1 Samuel 20:41
• 1 Samuel 24:9
• 1 Samuel 25:41
• 1 Samuel 28:14
• 2 Samuel 14:4, 14:33
• 2 Samuel 18:28
• 2 Samuel 24:20
• 1 Kings 1:23, 1:31
• Isaiah 49:23
• 1 Chronicles 21:21
• 2 Chronicles 7:3; 20:18
• Nehemiah 8:6
• Also Genesis 3:19; גֹּ֣בַהּ אַפּ֑וֹ pride of his countenance Psalm 10:4; לְאַפִּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1 Samuel 25:23; אַפָּיִם 1 Samuel 1:5 read אֹפֶס (compare A. B. Davidson³, S. R. Driver⁴, quod vide)

2. Anger

a. Human anger

• Genesis 27:45
• Genesis 49:6, 49:7 + (45 times)
• Often subject חָרָה (וַיִּחַר etc.) his anger was kindled: Genesis 30:2; Genesis 39:19; Exodus 4:14; Exodus 22:23; Exodus 32:10, 32:11 +
• In various combinations, especially חֲרוֹן אַף fierceness of anger: Exodus 32:12; Numbers 25:4; Numbers 32:14 +; compare חֲרִי אַף 1 Samuel 20:34; בַּעַל אַף one given to anger Proverbs 22:24, etc.
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Proverbs 14:29; Proverbs 15:18; Proverbs 16:32; Proverbs 25:15 of man

b. Divine anger

• Exodus 32:12
• Deuteronomy 9:19
• 2 Kings 24:20 + (177 times)
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17 (7 times) of God

I. אַף see below אֲנָף.

¹ Paul Haupt, Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Berlin, 1881-1882 (or related works).

² E. Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament, 3rd ed., Giessen, 1902-1903.

³ A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax, 3rd ed., Edinburgh, 1901.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses in Hebrew Poetry, Oxford, 1892.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0639:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For all the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God in my nose;

LITV Translation:
As long as my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Verily, while my breath is yet in me, And the breath of God which remains to me is in my nostrils,