Job 14:7

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

יש יֵשׁ

there is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יש

yêsh

Definition

there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)

Root

perhaps from an unused root meaning to stand out, or exist; entity; used adverbially or as a copula for the substantive verb (H1961 (היה));

Exhaustive

perhaps from an unused root meaning to stand out, or exist; entity; used adverbially or as a copula for the substantive verb (היה); there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection); (there) are, (he, it, shall, there, there may, there shall, there should) be, thou do, had, hast, (which) hath, (I, shalt, that) have, (he, it, there) is, substance, it (there) was, (there) were, ye will, thou wilt, wouldest.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3426

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root ישה • Strongs / High • Page 654

A very old noun denoting being, existence. It is used to express 'there is' or 'there are', and can function like a verb. It can also mean 'to have', 'yes', or 'certainly'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יֵשׁ

particle • Page 301

there is, there are; (comp. negation אֵין). Frequently placed before the noun (Gen. 28:16), rarely after (1 Sam. 21:5). Forms a periphrasis for finite verb (Judg. 6:36). Used with plural nouns (2 K. 2:16, Ezra 10:44). Means 'it is certainly so' (2 K. 10:15) or 'I have' (Gen. 43:7, Gen. 39:5). Especially signifies 'there exists, there is extant' (Ruth 3:12, Jer. 5:1, Prov. 13:7).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3426

I. יֵשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 187) substantive — being, substance, existence.

Cognates:

• Biblical Aramaic אִתַי
• Aramaic איתא, אית
• Mandean עת, עית
• Arabic ليس (is not)
• Assyrian išû (be, have)

— יֵשׁ Genesis 18:24 etc.; יֶשֿׁ Genesis 31:29 + often; הֲיֵשׁ Genesis 24:23 (18 times); אִשׁ 2 Samuel 14:19; הַאִשׁ Micah 6:10; suffix יֶשְׁךָ Genesis 24:42; יֶשְׁכֶם Genesis 24:49; הֲיִשְׁכֶם Deuteronomy 13:4; יֶשְׁנוֺ Deuteronomy 29:14, 1 Samuel 14:39, 1 Samuel 23:23; Esther 3:8.

1. Substance

• Proverbs 8:21 (לְהַנְחִיל אֹהֲבַי יֵשׁ to cause them that love me to inherit substance)

2. Existence

Asserts existence, corresponding to the verb substantive (is, are, was, were, will be), literally the being, presence of...

a. With a predicate following

• Genesis 28:16 (במקום הזה י׳ אכן ישׁ surely Yahweh is in this place!)
• Genesis 44:26 (אִם יֵשׁ אָחִינוּ אִתְּכֶם)
• Exodus 17:7 (הֲיֵשׁ יהוה בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ אִם אַיִן)
• Numbers 22:29 (Oh, that there were a sword!)
• Deuteronomy 13:4 (הֲיִשְׁכֶם אֹהֲבִים whether you do love)
• 1 Samuel 9:11–12 (Is the seer here? He is יֵשׁ)
• Jeremiah 37:17

b. Absolutely

there is (es gibt, il y a):

• Genesis 18:24 (אולי ישׁ חמשׁים צדיקים בעיר)
• Genesis 42:1 (כי ישׁ שׁבר במצ׳)
• 2 Kings 5:8 (that there is a prophet in Israel)
• Psalm 58:12
• Proverbs 11:24; 14:12; 20:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:21; 6:1; 8:14
• Isaiah 44:8 (הישׁ אלהים is there a god beside me?)
• Psalm 7:4 (אם ישׁ עול בכפי)

c. Special phrases

• (α) After אִם and a participle, where an abiding intention is emphasized: Genesis 24:42 (אם־יֶשְׁךָ־נָא מַצְלִיחַ דַּרְכִּי); 24:49; 43:4; Judges 6:36
• (β) יֵשׁ לְ = has (had): Genesis 33:9 (יֶשׁ־לִי רָב I have plenty); 44:20 (ישׁ לנו אב זקן); 1 Samuel 17:40; Job 14:7
• (γ) With infinitive and לְ, is it possible to...?: 2 Kings 4:13 (הישׁ לדבר־לך can I speak for thee?); 2 Samuel 14:19 (אִשׁ לְ)
• (δ) יֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר (if) it was that...: Numbers 9:20–21; (there were some who): Nehemiah 5:2–4
• (ε) וָיֵשׁ and (if) it be...: 2 Kings 10:15; Judges 6:13
• (ζ) Pleonastic אֵין יֵשׁ: Psalm 135:17; לֹא יֵשׁ: Job 9:33

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 1861.

² Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik, 1879.

³ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB).

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik (M.).

⁵ Friedrich Giesebrecht (Gie).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔστιν εἰσὶν ἔσται ἐστιν ὑπάρχει

LXX Usage Statistics

H3426:

ἔστιν 65× (39.9%)

εἰσὶν 9× (5.6%)

ἔσται 7× (4.3%)

ἐστιν 6× (3.5%)

ὑπάρχει 3× (1.9%)

ἦν 3× (1.9%)

εἰσιν 3× (1.8%)

εἰσίν 3× (1.7%)

'' 3× (1.6%)

ἐστίν 2× (1.3%)

לעץ לָעֵ֗ץ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עץ

ʻêts

Definition

a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)

Root

from H6095 (עצה);

Exhaustive

from עצה; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks); [phrase] carpenter, gallows, helve, [phrase] pine, plank, staff, stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6086

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Root עצה • Strongs / High • Page 1118

A stick, so called from its stiffness and firmness; a stake, palus, for fastening criminals; a block, a log, as an idol; wood, as a material.

עֵץ

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1119

The stuff a thing is made of. Metaphor. a tree, with the adjectives (thick, strong, green). Also sticks of wood.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Page 520

1. A tree. 2. Wood; also a post, gibbet, or gallows (Gen. 40: 19, Deut. 21: 22). Plural 'עֵצִים' denotes logs, billets for burning (Lev. 1: 7), or timber for building (Ex. 25: 10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6086

I. עֵץ (approximate number of occurrences: 329) noun masculine — tree, trees, wood.

— עֵץ absolute Genesis 3:3 +; construct Genesis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Genesis 2:16 +; suffix עֵצְךָ Deuteronomy 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Judges 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Isaiah 7:2 +, suffix עֵצֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4, etc.

1. Tree or Trees (c. 150 times)

a. A standing tree

• Genesis 18:4, 8 (Jehovist Source) +
• Exodus 15:25 (Jehovist Source; of shrub ?)
• Jeremiah 17:18 = Psalm 1:3 (simile)
• To be felled: Deuteronomy 19:5; 2 Kings 6:6
• הָעֵצִים (apparently including vine and bramble) in allegory: Judges 9:8 (6 times in Judges 9)
• Tree of life: עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22, 24 (Jehovist Source), compare עֵץ חַיִּים figurative of source of (life and) happiness: Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4
• Tree of knowledge: עֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Genesis 2:9, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Forest trees: עֲצֵי (הַ)יַּעַר Isaiah 7:2 (simile), Isaiah 44:14; Ezekiel 15:2 +
• Field trees: עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 55:12; Ezekiel 17:24 (figurative) +
• Lebanon: עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן 2 Chronicles 2:7
• Water: עֲצֵי־מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14; עֲצֵי יהוה Psalm 104:16
• Eden: עֲצֵי עֵדֶן Ezekiel 31:9, 16, 18 (twice in verse)
• Frankincense: עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Songs 4:14
• Vine: עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ezekiel 15:2, 6
• Place of illicit worship: תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, 13; 1 Kings 14:23; 2 Kings 16:4; 2 Kings 17:10; Ezekiel 6:13; Isaiah 57:5; 2 Chronicles 28:4, compare עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Jeremiah 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Ezekiel 20:28

b. Collective trees

• עֵץ הַגָּן Genesis 2:16; Genesis 3:1, 2, 8 (all Jehovist Source); usually later: Genesis 1:12, 29 (twice in verse) (Priests' Code), +
• Fruit trees: עֵץ פְּרִי Genesis 1:11 (Priests' Code), Psalm 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5; פְּרִי עֵץ Exodus 10:15 (Jehovist Source), Ezekiel 36:30; Leviticus 23:40 (Holiness Code), compare Joel 2:22
• Edible trees: עֵץ מַאֲכָל Deuteronomy 20:20; Leviticus 19:23 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 47:12; Nehemiah 9:25
• Olive trees: עֵץ הַזַּיִת Haggai 2:19; עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nehemiah 8:15; עֵץ־שָׁמֶן Isaiah 41:19
• Thicket: סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Psalm 74:5
• Field/Forest: עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:25 (Jehovist Source) +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר Ezekiel 15:6, compare Isaiah 10:19; Isaiah 44:23
• Simile of great age: כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isaiah 65:22

c. Plural of trees felled for building

• 1 Kings 5:20; 1 Kings 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים)
• Cedar: עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 5:11 = 1 Chronicles 14:1 (7 times)
• Cypress: עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים 1 Kings 5:22 (Hebrew text says 5:22/5:24)
• Almug/Algum: עֲצֵי אַלְגּוּמִּים (see אַלְגּוּמִּים)

2. Wood or Articles of Wood (approx. 175 times)

a. Wood, as material

• For building: 2 Kings 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11 (both + id.); Nehemiah 2:8 +
• Olive-wood: עֲצֵי שָׁמֶן 1 Kings 6:23, 31, 33, compare 1 Kings 6:32
• Gopher: עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר Genesis 6:14 (Noah’s ark)
• Shittim/Acacia: עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים Exodus 25:5, 10 (20 times in Exodus of tabernacle and its furniture; all Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 10:3
• Tower/Pulpit: מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nehemiah 8:4
• Yoke: מוֹטֹת עֵץ Jeremiah 28:13 (figurative; opposed to מוֹטֹת בַּרְזֶל)
• Article of wood: כְּלִי־עֵץ Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 15:12; Numbers 31:20, compare Numbers 35:18 (all Priests' Code)

b. Articles of wood (usually plural)

• עֵצִים Exodus 7:19 (Priests' Code; alongside אֲבָנִים), 1 Chronicles 29:2
• Specifically: הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deuteronomy 19:5
• Spear shaft: עֵץ חֲנִיתוֹ 1 Samuel 17:7 Qere (Kethibh חֵץ) = 1 Chronicles 20:5; 2 Samuel 21:19; 2 Samuel 23:7
• Wood of cart: עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה 1 Samuel 6:14
• Asherah: עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judges 6:26
• Timbers: Zechariah 5:4; Habakkuk 2:11; Leviticus 14:45; 1 Kings 15:22; 2 Chronicles 16:5; Ezekiel 26:12
• Pole/Gallows: עֵץ for exposing bodies: Genesis 40:19 (Elohist Source); Joshua 8:29 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:26 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:27 (all Jehovist/Elohist); Deuteronomy 21:22, 23; in Persian period for execution: תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 (8 times in Esther)

c. Of idols

• עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, 64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Ezekiel 20:32, compare Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 3:9; Habakkuk 2:19
• Alone: עֵץ Hosea 4:12; Isaiah 40:20, compare Isaiah 44:19; Isaiah 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21

d. Fire-wood

• Joshua 9:23, 27 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 9:21 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 30:33 +
• For sacrifices: 1 Kings 18:23 (twice in verse) +; Genesis 22:7, 9 (twice in verse); Leviticus 1:7 (6 times in Leviticus; Priests' Code); עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Genesis 22:3, 6 (Priests' Code)

e. Cedar-wood

• עֵץ אֶרֶז used in purifications: Leviticus 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52; Numbers 19:6 (all Priests' Code)

f. Woody-flax

• פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Joshua 2:6 = flax on the stalk.

¹ Giesebrecht (Gie) proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for Jeremiah 10:8.

² Ezekiel 21:15 is dubious; suggestions by Siegfried, Cornill (Co), Bertholet (Berthol), and Toy include various emendations of מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ.

Preposition -For/Into Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ξύλα ξύλον ξύλων ξύλου ξύλοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6086:

ξύλα 90× (25.5%)

ξύλον 61× (17.8%)

ξύλων 37× (10.5%)

ξύλου 35× (10.2%)

ξύλοισ 17× (4.4%)

'' 12× (3.2%)

--- 11× (3.5%)

pἐκ 10× (3.1%)

δένδρον 7× (2.1%)

ῥάβδον 5× (1.5%)

תקוה תִּ֫קְוָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תקוה

tiqvâh

Definition

literally a cord (as an attachment); figuratively, expectancy

Root

from H6960 (קוה); (compare H6961 (קוה))

Exhaustive

from קוה; (compare קוה); literally a cord (as an attachment); figuratively, expectancy; expectation(-ted), hope, live, thing that I long for.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8615

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תִּקְוָה

noun feminine • Root קוה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1529

1. A cord, made of twisted threads. 2. Endurance, hope (from קָוָה).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תִּקְוָה

f. dec. x. • Root קוה • Page 725

1. i. q. קו a cord, line. Josh. 2: 18, 21. 2. an expectation, hope. Ruth 1: 12. Job 5: 16. 7: 6. Zech. 9: 12. Also the object of hope, Job 6: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8615

I. תִּקְוָה noun feminine — cord (compare √ at the beginning).

— construct תִּקְוַת (חוּט הַשָּׁנִי) Joshua 2:18, 21.

II. תִּקְוָה (approximate number of occurrences: 34) noun feminine — hope.

— absolute תִּקְוָה Hosea 2:17 +; construct תִּקְוַת Job 8:13 +; suffix תִּקְוָתִי Job 6:8 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

1. hope
   • Jeremiah 31:17
   • Lamentations 3:29
   • Job 5:16
   • Job 7:6
   • Job 11:18, 20
   • Job 14:7, 19
   • Job 17:15a
   • Job 19:10
   • Psalm 62:6
   • Proverbs 19:18
   • Proverbs 26:12
   • Proverbs 29:20
   • Ruth 1:12
   • מֶּתַח תִּקְוָה Hosea 2:17
   • אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה Zechariah 9:12 (i.e. with hope of deliverance)
2. ground of hope
   • Job 4:6
   • Psalm 71:5 (compare Psalm 62:6)
3. things hoped for, outcome
   • Ezekiel 19:5
   • Ezekiel 37:11
   • Job 6:8
   • Job 8:13
   • Job 17:15b (but read טוֺבָתִי ᵐ5 Me Bi Siegf Beer Bu Du)
   • Job 27:8
   • Psalm 9:19
   • Proverbs 10:28
   • Proverbs 11:7, 23
   • Proverbs 23:18
   • Proverbs 24:14 (strike out Toy as gloss)
   • אַחֲרִית וְתִקְוָה Jeremiah 29:11 (i.e. by hendyadis, the hoped-for future)

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: ἐλπίσ ἐλπὶσ ἐλπίδα ὑπόστασισ ὑπομονή

LXX Usage Statistics

H8615b:

ἐλπίσ 8× (20.5%)

ἐλπὶσ 6× (16.3%)

ἐλπίδα 4× (10.7%)

ὑπόστασισ 2× (5.6%)

ὑπομονή 2× (5.1%)

'' 2× (5.1%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (4.7%)

אם אִם־

if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H518

I. אִם conjunction (= Aramaic ܐܠ if [and in ܐܒܓܕ, אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except], Arabic إله if [and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except], Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ, compare הֲאִם: see Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik p. 208, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, p. 739; Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages i. §367e) — Targum of Onkelos, Targum of Jonathan אִם, Targum of Haggai אִין.

Cognates:

• Aramaic ܐܠ if, and in ܐܒܓܕ; אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except
• Arabic إله if, and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except
• Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but]
• Assyrian umma
• Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ

1. Hypothetical Particle: If

Construction (see more fully Driver §§136-138, 143; Friedrich, Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze 1884).

• With imperfect (continued by perfects and waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect and waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive):
  • Of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc.; Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8 f.; 1 Kings 1:52; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52; Psalm 132:12.
  • Of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said... וְיַלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc.; Exodus 40:37; and in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with perfect, see below, and with jussives in apodosis).
  • Assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יֻכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָנֶה might be numbered; Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יִלְבִינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow; Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheol, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them; Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.
• With participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as above): Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן then I will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; and with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.
• With perfect:
  • Of future or present time (continued by perfects and waw consecutive: apodosis as above): Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever; Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשִׂמְתָּם then make them, etc.; Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30 f.; Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וְשָׁמַרְתָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
  • Of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before):
    • (α) Judges 9:16-19 אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זֹאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc.; Jeremiah 33:25 f.; Job 31:5 f.; Job 31:9, etc.
    • (β) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעַל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc.; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.
  • With bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If...had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
• With infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying).

Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Driver, Hebrew Tenses i. 20, 6.

2. Special Uses

• Repeated אִם...אִם whether...or (sive...sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly אִם...וְאִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare Syriac ܐܠ...ܐܠ, ܐܒܓ...ܐܠ Psalm 250; ܐܠܗܐ...ܐܠܗܐ and ܐܒܓܕ...𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶).
• After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 and often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11; Ezekiel 14:16; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֱלָא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, אִם...וְאִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Canticles 2:7; Canticles 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as I liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, and need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35): see כִּי; Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2). Compare Strack §90.
• Part of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. Compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִם־יָבִין; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שָׁמַעְתָּנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!
• Nearly = when — with the perfect: (α) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Driver §136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2. (β) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

3. Compounded with Other Particles

• בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4. (Perhaps הֲלוֹא אִם 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Dillmann, Gesenius, Hi).)
• כִּי אִם, q.v.
• עַד אִם Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, and עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.
• רַק אִם if only (see רַק).

אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6 b is very difficult. The versions render If I had sent, etc., implying לֹא for אִם־לֹא (for Ewald's אִם־לוּ = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Gesenius, Hi, Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע).

4. Interrogative Particle

• In direct question: (α) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאָה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...? Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12. (β) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ...אִם, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25 b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ...וְאִם (rarer than הֲ...אִם, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8 f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה and Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause).
• In oblique interrogation, if, whether: (α) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Canticles 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9). (β) disjunctively הֲ...אִם Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so אִם...וְאִם Joshua 24:15.

Compounded with הֲ, הֲאִם Numbers 17:28 הֲאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הֲאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886.

³ William Wright, A Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Cambridge, 1890.

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

⁵ Friedrich Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze, 1884.

⁶ Yahwist Source.

⁷ Hermann Strack, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen, Leipzig, 1896.

Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

יכרת יִ֭כָּרֵת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כרת

kârath

Definition

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces); be chewed, be con-(feder-) ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail, feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league (covenant), [idiom] lose, perish, [idiom] utterly, [idiom] want.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3772

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּרַת

verb • Root כרת • Strongs / High • Page 742

To cut off, to hew, to fell; to cut up; to destroy or root out. A very common expression is 'כָּרַת בְּרִית' (karath berith) meaning 'to make a covenant', literally to slaughter an animal at the making of a covenant.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3772

I. כָּרַת (approximate number of occurrences: 291) verb — cut off, cut down.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off (compare Dl¹)

— כָּרַת Perfect Genesis 15:18 (19 times); 2 masculine singular כָּרֳָתָּ Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 singular כָּרַתִּי Exodus 34:27 (15 times) + 8 times Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40:28 (21 times); 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Isaiah 57:8; 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Isaiah 61:8, 1 Samuel 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה Isaiah 55:3; 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹתוּ Hosea 12:2, Psalm 83:6; 1 plural נִכְרְתָה Genesis 26:28, Genesis 31:44; suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jeremiah 11:19 + 31 times Imperfect; Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1 Samuel 11:1; כָּרְתָה 2 Samuel 3:12 + 4 times Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hosea 10:4, כָּרוֺת Nehemiah 9:8; construct כְּרֹת Jeremiah 34:8 (2 times); כְּרָתֿ Isaiah 44:14 (2 times); כְּרוֺת 2 Chronicles 2:7, 2 Chronicles 29:10; suffix כָּרְתִי 1 Samuel 24:12; Participle active כֹּרֵת Exodus 34:10 + 6 times; Participle passive כָּרוּת Leviticus 22:24; construct כְּרוּת Deuteronomy 23:2; plural כְּרֻתּוֺת 1 Kings 7:12 + 3 times.

Qal

1. cut off: a. things:

• foreskin Exodus 4:25 (Jehovist Source)
• privy member Leviticus 22:24 (Holiness Code), Deuteronomy 23:2
• cluster of grapes Numbers 13:23–24 (Elohist Source)
• bough of tree Judges 9:48–49
• skirt 1 Samuel 24:5, 6, 12
• head of man 1 Samuel 17:51, 1 Samuel 31:9, 2 Samuel 20:22
• garments 2 Samuel 10:4 = 1 Chronicles 19:4
• palms of hands 1 Samuel 5:4
• sprigs Isaiah 18:5

b. persons:

• with מִן of location Jeremiah 11:19, Jeremiah 50:16

2. cut down:

• trees Deuteronomy 19:5, Deuteronomy 20:19–20, 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24, Isaiah 44:14, Jeremiah 6:6, Jeremiah 10:3, Jeremiah 22:7, Jeremiah 46:23, Ezekiel 31:12
• asherim Exodus 34:13 (Jehovist Source), Judges 6:25, 26, 30, 1 Kings 15:13 = 2 Chronicles 15:16, 2 Kings 18:4, 2 Kings 23:14

3. hew:

• timber 1 Kings 5:20 = 2 Chronicles 2:7, 2 Chronicles 2:15, Isaiah 14:8
• כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2 Chronicles 2:9
• כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1 Kings 6:36, 1 Kings 7:2, 12

4. כָּרַת בְּרִית cut, or make a covenant:

(Because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim, see בְּרִית);

• הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כָּרָתוּ the calf which they cut Jeremiah 34:18 (referring to Genesis 15:10)
• עֲלֵי־זָבַח Psalm 50:5
• absolute Genesis 21:27, 32, Genesis 31:44 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 18:3, 1 Kings 5:26, Hosea 10:4
• with אֶת Genesis 15:18, Exodus 34:27, Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 5:3, Deuteronomy 28:69, Deuteronomy 29:13, 2 Samuel 3:12, 2 Kings 17:15, Isaiah 28:15, Jeremiah 31:31, Jeremiah 34:8, Psalm 105:9 = 1 Chronicles 16:16
• with עִם Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 24:8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 4:23, 1 Kings 8:21, Nehemiah 9:8, Hosea 2:20, Job 40:28
• with לְ Exodus 23:32, Joshua 9:6, Joshua 24:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 2:2, 2 Samuel 5:3, Isaiah 55:3, Jeremiah 32:40

Note. — וַתִּכְרָת־לָךְ מֵהֶם Isaiah 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of בְּרִית. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Graetz emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם; Duhm followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hosea 3:2.

Niph`al

— Perfect נִכְרַת Joel 1:5; נִכְרְתָה Genesis 17:14; Imperfect יִכָּרֵת Genesis 9:11; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת Numbers 15:31.

1. be cut off: a. of things:

• forward tongue Proverbs 10:31
• dwelling Zephaniah 3:7

b. of persons:

• by famine Genesis 41:36 (Elohist Source)
• by waters of deluge Genesis 9:11 (Priestly Code)
• the anointed Daniel 9:26
• the wicked Isaiah 29:20, Psalm 37:9, Proverbs 2:22

c. technical phrases:

• וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא מֵעַמֶּיהָ that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Numbers 9:13 (Holiness Code / Priestly Code)
• מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:15
• מִלִּפְנָי Leviticus 22:3

2. be cut down:

• a tree Job 14:7

3. fail:

• of waters Joshua 3:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• hope Proverbs 23:18
• a name Isaiah 48:19, Ruth 4:10
• לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְ... אִישׁ there shall not fail thee a man 1 Kings 2:4, Jeremiah 33:17

Pual

— Perfect כָּרַּת Ezekiel 16:4; כֹּרָתָה Judges 6:28.

1. be cut off, navel string Ezekiel 16:4
2. be cut down, Asherah Judges 6:28

Hiph`il

— Perfect הִכְרִית 1 Samuel 28:9; הִכְרַתִּי Joshua 23:4; Imperfect יַכְרִית Deuteronomy 12:29; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jeremiah 44:8.

1. cut off:

• flattering lips Psalm 12:4

2. destroy the life of:

• animals: cattle Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code); frogs Exodus 8:5 (Jehovist Source)
• of men: enemies Judges 4:24, 1 Kings 11:16
• by God: nations Deuteronomy 19:1, Zephaniah 3:6; various Amos 1:5, Zephaniah 1:3

3. cut down, destroy:

• cities Micah 5:10
• sun-pillars Leviticus 26:30 (Holiness Code)

Hoph`al

— Perfect הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י׳ Joel 1:9.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB), Leipzig, 1896.

Verb Niphal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: διέθετο ἐξολεθρεύσω ἐξολεθρευθήσεται διαθήσομαι ἀπολῶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3772:

διέθετο 28× (9.9%)

ἐξολεθρεύσω 18× (6.1%)

ἐξολεθρευθήσεται 16× (5.9%)

διαθήσομαι 11× (3.7%)

ἀπολῶ 8× (2.5%)

ἐξολεθρευθήσονται 7× (2.6%)

'' 7× (2.1%)

ἐξολεθρεῦσαι 7× (2.2%)

ἐξαρῶ 7× (2.2%)

διεθέμην 6× (2.2%)

ועוד וְעוֹד

and going around/repeatedly

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עוד

ʻôwd

Definition

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

Root

or עד; from H5749 (עוד);

Exhaustive

or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5750

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle similar to עַד, denoting continuance, with which עַד is sometimes interchanged.

עוֹד

noun / particle • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

A noun on this account. Used adverbially or as a particle with suffix, meaning 'since' or 'as long as'.

עוֹד

aram. (aramaic) • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Aramaic word, same meaning as the related Hebrew particle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹד

adverb • Root עוד • Page 494

Originally an infin. absol. from עוּד. 1. again, a second time (Gen. 4:25). 2. repeatedly, continually (Gen. 46:29; Ruth 1:14). 3. further, moreover (Ecc. 3:16). 4. yet, still; with a negative, 'no more' (Gen. 7:4; 8:10). Used with suffixes (e.g., עוֹדֶנִּי I am yet).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5750

I. עוֺד and (14 times) עֹד noun masculine — a going round, continuance; but used mostly as adverb accusative — still, yet, again, besides.

— suffix עוֺדֶנִּי (with apparently verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי¹) Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; 1 Samuel 20:14; עוֺדִי Genesis 48:15; Psalm 104:33; Psalm 139:18; Psalm 146:2; עוֺדְךָ Genesis 46:30 (4 times); feminine עוֺדָךְ 1 Kings 1:14; עוֺדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 (20 times); עוֺדֶנָּה 1 Kings 1:22; עוֺדָהּ Isaiah 28:4; עוֺדָם Isaiah 4:18; Esther 6:14; 3 feminine plural עוֺדֶינָה Kt (Qr 1 plural עוֺדֵינוּ) Lamentations 4:17. There occur also עוֺד אֲנִי 2 Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, 21; and עוֺד הֵם Isaiah 65:24.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Expressing continuance or persistence (still, yet)

• Genesis 18:22 (ואברהם עודנו עמֵד)
• Genesis 29:7 (הן עוד היום גדול)
• Genesis 43:7 (הַעוֺד אֲבִיכֶם חַי)
• 1 Samuel 13:7 (after casus pendens)
• Isaiah 5:25 (ועוד יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה)
• עוֺד לֹא not yet: Jeremiah 40:5; 2 Chronicles 20:23
• עוֺדֶנּוּ מְדַבֵּר while still speaking: Genesis 29:9; 1 Kings 1:22, 42; Job 1:16–18

b. Expressing addition or repetition (still, yet, more)

• Genesis 7:4 (after yet seven days)
• Genesis 29:27, 30 (עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות)
• Habakkuk 2:3 (כִּי עוֺד חָזוֺן לַמּוֺעֵד)
• Psalm 84:5 (עוד יהללוך)
• עוֺד מְעַט וְ yet a little and: Exodus 17:4; Hosea 1:4
• לא ... עוד no more: Exodus 2:3; Genesis 17:5; Isaiah 2:4

c. When the continuance is limited to a single occurrence (again)

• Genesis 4:25
• Genesis 18:29 (וַיֹּסֶף עוֺד לְדַבֵּר)
• Genesis 24:20 (וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֺד)
• 1 Samuel 10:22
• Jeremiah 31:4, 5, 23

d. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense)

• Genesis 19:12 (עוֺד מי לך פה)
• 1 Samuel 16:11 (עוֺד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן)
• וְאֵין עוֺד and there is none besides: Deuteronomy 4:39; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18
• אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֺד: Isaiah 47:8, 10; Zephaniah 2:15

2. With prefixes

a. בְּעוֺד literally in the continuance of ...

• While yet: Genesis 25:6 (בְּעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי); 2 Samuel 12:22; Psalm 104:33 (בְּעוֺדִי)
• Within yet (of time): Genesis 40:13, 19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 21:16
• Within yet (of distance): Genesis 48:7 (בְּעוֺד כִּבְרַת ארץ)

b. מֵעוֺד literally from the continuance of ...

• מֵעוֺדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was ...: Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30

Aramaic

עוֺד adverb still (Biblical Hebrew עוֺד; compare S-C⁶; ᵑ7; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic⁷).

• Daniel 4:28 עוֺד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא

¹ Olshausen, Justus. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861), § 222 g.

² Stade, Bernhard. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 352 b.

³ König, Friedrich Eduard. Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 444, iii. 360.

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 100. 5.

⁵ Siloam Inscription (SI).

⁶ Solomon Schechter and Charles Taylor, The Wisdom of Ben Sira (1899).

⁷ Friedrich Schulthess, Lexicon Syropalaestinum (1903).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔτι οὐκέτι --- ἕωσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5750:

ἔτι 314× (64.0%)

οὐκέτι 58× (11.6%)

--- 33× (6.8%)

ἕωσ 8× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.2%)

ἀλλ' 4× (0.8%)

ἦν 4× (0.8%)

πάλιν 3× (0.6%)

ἄλλοσ 3× (0.6%)

---% 3× (0.5%)

יחליף יַחֲליף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלף

châlaph

Definition

properly, to slide by, i.e. (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to slide by, i.e. (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change; abolish, alter, change, cut off, go on forward, grow up, be over, pass (away, on, through), renew, sprout, strike through.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2498

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָלַף

verb • Strongs / High • Page 491

I. 1. to slide past, to float past, to move past, to wander along, to hasten, to glide along, to move by, to hasten past; to pass beyond, transgress, to exceed, to go forward, to proceed. 2. to change, to exchange, either in the sense of passing away, perishing, or being renewed, reviving; hence (of plants) to shoot forth, to grow up, then to come after, to change; or to be renovated.

חָלַף

verb • Root חלף • Strongs / High • Page 492

To change, alter, exchange, cause to sprout forth, make grow, put in the place of, renew.

חָלַף

verb • Root חלף • Strongs / High • Page 492

II. (Not used) To plait hair; to be mutually entangled, to bind.

חָלַף

verb • Root חלף • Strongs / High • Page 492

III. To cut off, to separate, to divide; to pierce.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָלַף

verb • Root חלף • Page 231

To pass, go by, or go away; to perish or disappear; to transgress (the law); to attack or press in a hostile manner; to put forth new shoots or renew. Piel/Hiphil: to change, exchange, or alter. Refs: Job 4:15, 1 Sam. 10:3, Is. 2:18, Is. 24:5, Judg. 5:26, Job 9:11, Ps. 90:5, Hab. 1:11, Gen. 41:14, Lev. 27:10, Ps. 102:27.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2498

I. חָלַף (approximate number of occurrences: 28) verb — pass on or away, pass through (mostly in poetry).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., pass by or away, change
• Phoenician חלפת equivalent¹
• Aramaic חֲלֵף pass away, change
• Syriac ܚܠܦ change, substitute
• Nabataean חלף change (?)²
• Arabic خلف come after, succeed, replace (compare 'Caliph' i.e. successor)³
• Moabite ויחלפה and his son succeeded him
• Ethiopic ሐለፈ pass by, across, through

— חָלַף Perfect Songs 2:11; Habakkuk 1:11 etc.; Imperfect יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15 (4 times); 3 feminine singular suffix תַּחְלְפֵ֑הוּ Job 20:24; יַחֲלֹ֑פוּ Psalm 102:27; Infinitive construct לַחֲלוֺף Isaiah 21:1.

1. Pass quickly or away

a. Pass on quickly

• 1 Samuel 10:3
• Isaiah 8:8 (of a flood)
• Isaiah 21:1 (of wind)
• Job 4:15; Habakkuk 1:11
• Job 9:11; Job 11:10 (of God)

b. Pass away (vanish)

• Job 9:26 (of days)
• Songs 2:11 (+ עבר, of rain)
• Psalm 102:27 (of the heavens)
• Isaiah 2:18 (of idols)⁴

2. Of grass, sprout again

Come on anew, i.e. sprout again (compare Hiph`il 2):

• Psalm 90:5–6 (so Thes AV De Hi Che Bae and others; less suitably in context, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Ew pass away, above 1b)

3. Transitive uses

a. Pass through (pierce)

• Judges 5:26; Job 20:24 (followed by accusative)

b. Overstep, transgress

• Isaiah 24:5 (+ עבר; compare Arabic IV. to break a promise)

— Pi`el Imperfect וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, followed by accusative garment: Genesis 41:14 (Elohist Source); 2 Samuel 12:20.

— Hiph`il Perfect חֶחֱלִף Genesis 31:7; Imperfect יַחֲלִיף Job 14:7; suffix יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ Leviticus 27:10; 3 feminine singular תַּחֲלִיף Job 29:20; 2 masculine singular וַתַּחֲלֵף Genesis 31:41; suffix תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִ֑יפוּ Isaiah 40:31, Isaiah 41:1; נַחֲלִיף Isaiah 9:9.

1. Change or renew

• Genesis 35:2 (Elohist Source); Psalm 102:27 (garments)
• Genesis 31:7, 41 (Elohist Source) (wages)
• Leviticus 27:10 (Holiness Code) (no object expressed)
• Isaiah 9:9 (substitute, i.e. cause to succeed)
• Isaiah 40:31; Isaiah 41:1 (change for better, renew, object כֹּחַ)

2. Shew newness

• Job 14:7 (of tree, putting forth fresh shoots)
• Job 29:20 (of bow)

Aramaic

I. חֲלַף verb pass (over) (Biblical Hebrew חָלַף).

1. pass over one (of time)
   • Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִחְלְפוּן Daniel 4:13, 20, 22, 29

¹ Salomon Reinach, Revue des études juives (RŠJ), 1888, 276.

² Georg Hoffmann, G. G. Abh. xxxvi, 1890, 20.

³ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, 792–799.

⁴ Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL), ix. 1890, 86.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀλλάξουσιν παρέλθοι ἤλλαξαν ἤλλαξεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2498:

ἀλλάξουσιν 2× (6.5%)

παρέλθοι 2× (6.0%)

ἤλλαξαν 2× (5.5%)

ἤλλαξεν 2× (5.5%)

'' 2× (5.5%)

וינקתו וְ֝יֹנַקְתּ֗וֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יונקת

yôwneqeth

Definition

a sprout

Root

feminine of H3126 (יונק);

Exhaustive

feminine of יונק; a sprout; (tender) branch, young twig.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3127

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹנֶקֶת

noun feminine • Root ינק • Strongs / High • Page 598

A twig, shoot.

יוֹנֶקֶת

noun • Root ינק • Strongs / High • Page 618

A sucker, sprout; also a kind of geranium.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3127

I. יוֹנֶקֶת (approximate number of occurrences: 6) noun feminine — young shoot, twig (cf. יוֹנֵק).

— suffix יוֹנַקְתּוֹ Job 8:16 (3 times); plural suffix יוֹנְקוֹתָיו Hosea 14:7, יֹנְקוֹתָיו Ezekiel 17:22; יוֹנְקוֹתֶיהָ Psalm 80:12.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Shoot, twig of a tree

• Job 14:7

b. Figurative of the wicked (under figure of a tree)

• Job 8:16
• Job 15:30

c. Figurative of Israel

• Hosea 14:7 (as olive-tree)
• Ezekiel 17:22 (as cedar)
• Psalm 80:12 (as vine)

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ῥάδαμνοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3127:

ῥάδαμνοσ 2× (26.7%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תחדל תֶחְדָּל׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חדל

châdal

Definition

properly, to be flabby, i.e. (by implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or idle

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be flabby, i.e. (by implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or idle; cease, end, fall, forbear, forsake, leave (off), let alone, rest, be unoccupied, want.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2308

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָדַל

verb • Strongs / High • Page 460

to cease, desist, forbear; to disappear, pass away; to be desolate, forsaken; to be wanting; to keep holiday.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָדַל

verb • Root חדל • Page 215

1. to cease, desist, leave off (from doing any thing). Am. 7:5. Is. 1:16. 2. to omit, to forbear, not to do. 1 K. 22:6. 3. to quit, let alone, desert, give up, leave off. Ex. 14:12. Job 7:16. In a different sense 2 Chr. 35:21, desist from God.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2308

I. חָדַל verb — cease.

Cognates:

• Sabean חדל (be negligent)¹

— חָדַל Qal Perfect חָדַל Genesis 18:11 (4 times); וְחָדַל consecutive Numbers 9:13, Psalm 49:9; 2 masculine singular וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Exodus 23:5; plural הָֽדְּלוּ Judges 5:6 (4 times); חָד֑לּוּ (compare Kö²) Judges 5:7, 1 Samuel 2:5; 1 plural חָדַלְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; Imperfect יֶחְדַּל Deuteronomy 15:11 + (Job 10:20 Kt יחדל jussive > Qr וַחֲדָ֑ל Imperative); אֶחְדָּ֑ל Judges 15:7 (3 times); וְאַחְדְּלָה Job 16:6; plural יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ Ezekiel 2:5 (2 times); יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Exodus 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Genesis 11:8, Exodus 9:33; נֶחְדָּ֑ל 1 Kings 22:15 etc.; Infinitive construct חֲדֹל 1 Samuel 12:23; Imperative חֲדַל Exodus 14:12 + etc.; חִדְלוּ Isaiah 1:16, Isaiah 2:22; חֲדָ֑לוּ Zechariah 11:12.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cease, come to an end

• Exodus 9:29, 33, 34 (Jehovist Source)
• Isaiah 24:8
• Impersonal: חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה Genesis 18:11 (Jehovist Source)
• Cease to be: Deuteronomy 15:11 (followed by מִן)
• In poetry: Judges 5:6, 7 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 2:5; Job 14:7
• Be lacking, fail: Job 19:14; Proverbs 10:19

b. Cease, leave off

• Followed by infinitive with לְ: Genesis 11:8 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 41:49 (Elohist Source), Numbers 9:13 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 12:23, 1 Samuel 23:13, Jeremiah 44:18, Jeremiah 51:30, Deuteronomy 23:23, Psalm 36:4, Proverbs 19:27, Ruth 1:18
• Infinitive alone: Isaiah 1:16; so also Hosea 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ (ᵐ5³ Cheyne Wellhausen)
• Followed by infinitive with מִן: Exodus 23:5 (JE Source), 1 Kings 15:21, 2 Chronicles 16:5
• Followed by substantive with מִן (cease regarding): Isaiah 2:22 (but Cheyne Duhm and others treat as interpolation; omitted by ᵐ5³), 1 Samuel 9:5; Proverbs 23:4
• Followed by מֵאלהים: 2 Chronicles 35:21, i.e. leave off provoking God
• Followed by מִמֶּנּו (desist from us, let us alone): Exodus 14:12 (Jehovist Source), Job 7:16
• Followed by accusative: Job 3:17 (ח׳ רֹגֶז); Job 14:6 (have rest, i.e. cease from being troubled, see Di⁴; compare Job 14:1)
• No complement expressed (cease, forbear): Judges 15:7, Judges 20:28, Amos 7:5, 1 Kings 22:6, 15, 2 Chronicles 18:5, 14, Jeremiah 40:4, Jeremiah 41:8, Zechariah 11:12, Psalm 49:9, Job 16:6, 2 Chronicles 25:16
• Specifically of refusal to hear: Ezekiel 2:5, 7, Ezekiel 3:11, 27 (all opposed to שָׁמַע)

2. Hoph`al

Perfect (contracted) with interrogative particle הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Judges 9:9, 11, 13 should I be made to leave, followed by accusative (compare Kö²); Job 10:20 (but read here probably יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי ᵐ5³ ᵑ6⁵ Bickell Budde Duhm); but perhaps read הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal Perfect Studer Bertheau, compare, for accusative following, Job 3:17.

¹ Mordtmann and Müller, Sabäische Denkmäler, 1883 (SabDenkm).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897) (Kö).

³ Septuagint (LXX).

⁴ August Dillmann, commentary on Job.

⁵ Peshitta (Syriac).

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπίσχω ἐξέλιπεν ἀφεῖσα πρόσεχε πτοηθῶσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2308:

ἐπίσχω 4× (7.1%)

ἐξέλιπεν 4× (7.1%)

ἀφεῖσα 3× (5.3%)

πρόσεχε 2× (3.5%)

πτοηθῶσιν 2× (3.5%)

ἐκλίπῃ 2× (3.5%)

πέπαυται 2× (3.5%)

ἐκόπασεν 2× (3.3%)

'' 2× (3.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For there is hope for a tree if it shall be cut down, and it shall yet revive, and its suckers shall not cease.

LITV Translation:
For there is hope of a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again, and its shoot will not cease.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
For there is hope for a tree, Even if it should be cut down, that it shall blossom again, And its branch shall not fail.