Job 1:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

עוד׀ עוֹד׀

going around/he has testified

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עוד

ʻôwd

Definition

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

Root

or עד; from H5749 (עוד);

Exhaustive

or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5750

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle similar to עַד, denoting continuance, with which עַד is sometimes interchanged.

עוֹד

noun / particle • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

A noun on this account. Used adverbially or as a particle with suffix, meaning 'since' or 'as long as'.

עוֹד

aram. (aramaic) • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Aramaic word, same meaning as the related Hebrew particle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹד

adverb • Root עוד • Page 494

Originally an infin. absol. from עוּד. 1. again, a second time (Gen. 4:25). 2. repeatedly, continually (Gen. 46:29; Ruth 1:14). 3. further, moreover (Ecc. 3:16). 4. yet, still; with a negative, 'no more' (Gen. 7:4; 8:10). Used with suffixes (e.g., עוֹדֶנִּי I am yet).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5750

I. עוֺד and (14 times) עֹד noun masculine — a going round, continuance; but used mostly as adverb accusative — still, yet, again, besides.

— suffix עוֺדֶנִּי (with apparently verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי¹) Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; 1 Samuel 20:14; עוֺדִי Genesis 48:15; Psalm 104:33; Psalm 139:18; Psalm 146:2; עוֺדְךָ Genesis 46:30 (4 times); feminine עוֺדָךְ 1 Kings 1:14; עוֺדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 (20 times); עוֺדֶנָּה 1 Kings 1:22; עוֺדָהּ Isaiah 28:4; עוֺדָם Isaiah 4:18; Esther 6:14; 3 feminine plural עוֺדֶינָה Kt (Qr 1 plural עוֺדֵינוּ) Lamentations 4:17. There occur also עוֺד אֲנִי 2 Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, 21; and עוֺד הֵם Isaiah 65:24.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Expressing continuance or persistence (still, yet)

• Genesis 18:22 (ואברהם עודנו עמֵד)
• Genesis 29:7 (הן עוד היום גדול)
• Genesis 43:7 (הַעוֺד אֲבִיכֶם חַי)
• 1 Samuel 13:7 (after casus pendens)
• Isaiah 5:25 (ועוד יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה)
• עוֺד לֹא not yet: Jeremiah 40:5; 2 Chronicles 20:23
• עוֺדֶנּוּ מְדַבֵּר while still speaking: Genesis 29:9; 1 Kings 1:22, 42; Job 1:16–18

b. Expressing addition or repetition (still, yet, more)

• Genesis 7:4 (after yet seven days)
• Genesis 29:27, 30 (עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות)
• Habakkuk 2:3 (כִּי עוֺד חָזוֺן לַמּוֺעֵד)
• Psalm 84:5 (עוד יהללוך)
• עוֺד מְעַט וְ yet a little and: Exodus 17:4; Hosea 1:4
• לא ... עוד no more: Exodus 2:3; Genesis 17:5; Isaiah 2:4

c. When the continuance is limited to a single occurrence (again)

• Genesis 4:25
• Genesis 18:29 (וַיֹּסֶף עוֺד לְדַבֵּר)
• Genesis 24:20 (וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֺד)
• 1 Samuel 10:22
• Jeremiah 31:4, 5, 23

d. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense)

• Genesis 19:12 (עוֺד מי לך פה)
• 1 Samuel 16:11 (עוֺד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן)
• וְאֵין עוֺד and there is none besides: Deuteronomy 4:39; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18
• אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֺד: Isaiah 47:8, 10; Zephaniah 2:15

2. With prefixes

a. בְּעוֺד literally in the continuance of ...

• While yet: Genesis 25:6 (בְּעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי); 2 Samuel 12:22; Psalm 104:33 (בְּעוֺדִי)
• Within yet (of time): Genesis 40:13, 19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 21:16
• Within yet (of distance): Genesis 48:7 (בְּעוֺד כִּבְרַת ארץ)

b. מֵעוֺד literally from the continuance of ...

• מֵעוֺדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was ...: Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30

Aramaic

עוֺד adverb still (Biblical Hebrew עוֺד; compare S-C⁶; ᵑ7; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic⁷).

• Daniel 4:28 עוֺד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא

¹ Olshausen, Justus. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861), § 222 g.

² Stade, Bernhard. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 352 b.

³ König, Friedrich Eduard. Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 444, iii. 360.

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 100. 5.

⁵ Siloam Inscription (SI).

⁶ Solomon Schechter and Charles Taylor, The Wisdom of Ben Sira (1899).

⁷ Friedrich Schulthess, Lexicon Syropalaestinum (1903).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔτι οὐκέτι --- ἕωσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5750:

ἔτι 314× (64.0%)

οὐκέτι 58× (11.6%)

--- 33× (6.8%)

ἕωσ 8× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.2%)

ἀλλ' 4× (0.8%)

ἦν 4× (0.8%)

πάλιν 3× (0.6%)

ἄλλοσ 3× (0.6%)

---% 3× (0.5%)

זה זֶה

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

מדבר מְדַבֵּ֗ר

the word-wilderness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbar

Definition

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue; answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, [idiom] well, [idiom] work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1696

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דִּבֶּר

verb / piel stem • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To speak, in the widest usage; to speak what is spoken. It has many nuances depending on the preposition used, such as to reveal, promise, command, threaten, declare, or speak against/on behalf of someone.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

Snatching away, hence destruction, ruin, pestilence.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

m. / noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

An unused word for pasture, hence the proper name לֹא דְּבַר or לוֹ דְּבַר (Lo-debar), a place name.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pestilence, plague. Derived from the figurative sense of דָּבַר II (to destroy).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To range, to put together in a row, to set in order, to bind together, especially words, i.e. to speak. (This form, Kal, appears only in the participle).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. I. to speak (expressed in derived conjugations). Pi'el (דִּבֶּר): to speak. Puhal (דֻּבַּר): to be promised, to be wooed. Hithpa'el (הִדַּבֵּר): to talk with one another.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. II. (Kal not used) to drive, to lead, to guide. Figuratively: to snatch away, destroy. Pi'el (דִּבֵּר): to snatch away, to destroy. Hif'il (הִדְבִּיר): to drive, lead, subjugate.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. III. (not used) to be behind, to follow, to pursue.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. IV. (not used) transposed from דבק, meaning to stick, to pierce.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר , דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

1. pasture. 2. back, turning of the back, progress.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead, to guide).

Matched via consonantal key only

דְּבֵר

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

A reference to the proper name דְּבִיר (Debir).

Matched via consonantal key only

דַּבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

The speaker, i.e. the spirit of God which speaks out of the prophets.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1696

I. דָּבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 1142) verb — speak.

Cognates:

• Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away
• Arabic דבר follow behind, depart, perish
• Syriac דבר lead, guide
• Aramaic דְּבַר lead, guide
• Phoenician דבר speak
• Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν
• Latin loqui, dicere
• German reden, sagen

Qal

— 41 occurrences, only infinitive and participle. Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ Psalm 51:6; participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 (30 times); plural דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5, Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7, Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11.

Meanings and Uses

• Absolute: Numbers 27:7, Numbers 32:27, Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11.
• With accusative of thing: דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13; (+ אמת) Psalm 15:2; (+ שׁלום) Esther 10:3; (+ שׁקר) Psalm 63:12.
• With אֶל of person: Genesis 16:13 (Yahwist Source), Exodus 6:29 (Priests' Code).
• With בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of: Deuteronomy 5:1, Jeremiah 28:7.
• Of an angel: הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me Zechariah 1:9, 13, 14.

Niph`al

— Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16; participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30. Reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk.

• Absolute: Malachi 3:16.
• With בְּ, against: Psalm 119:23, Ezekiel 33:30.
• With עַל, concerning: Malachi 3:13.

Pi`el

— 1089 occurrences. Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +; Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +; Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +; participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +.

1. Absolute

• Deuteronomy 18:17 followed by לֵאמֹר.
• Phrases: אני יהוה דברתי Ezekiel 5:13 (18 times in Ezekiel); כי פי יהוה דבר Isaiah 1:20, Isaiah 40:5, Micah 4:4.

2. With accusative of thing

• את הדברים האלה Exodus 20:1, Deuteronomy 5:19.
• דבר קשׁות spake rough words Genesis 42:7 (Elohist Source).
• יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24.

3. With persons

• a. rarely accusative: Genesis 37:4 (Yahwist Source).
• b. with אֶל (most frequent): Genesis 8:15; וַיְדַבֵּר יהוה אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר Exodus 6:10 (87 times, Priests' Code); אל לב speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45.
• c. with לְ speak to, promise to: 1 Kings 2:19; Joshua 10:12 (Deuteronomic Source); in D phrases כאשׁר דבר ל as he promised to Deuteronomy 1:11, 15:6.
• d. with אֵת speak with: Genesis 17:3, 21:2 (Priests' Code); דבר משׁפטים את give judgment against Jeremiah 39:5.
• e. with עִם speak with: Genesis 29:9, Exodus 19:9 (Yahwist Source); דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי Ecclesiastes 1:16.
• feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of: Exodus 6:12, Numbers 36:1 (Priests' Code).

4. With בְּ

• a. instrumental: דבר בְּ speak by means of Numbers 12:2 (Elohist Source); בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exodus 5:23.
• b. local: בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Genesis 20:8.
• c. of the object: speak of, about Deuteronomy 6:7, 1 Samuel 19:3.
• d. hostility: against Numbers 12:1, 21:5 (Elohist Source).

5. With עַל

Of the object concerning or about which one speaks: Genesis 18:19, Jeremiah 1:16; דבר על לב speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3, Isaiah 40:2.

6. With infinitive

דבר לעשׂות promise to do Exodus 32:14 (Yahwist Source), Jonah 3:10.

Note: וַתְּדַבֵּר in 2 Chronicles 22:10 is a scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד and she destroyed (cf. 2 Kings 11:1).

Pu`al

— Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Song of Solomon 8:8; participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el

— Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר. With accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; מִדַּבֵּר אֶל speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 2:2.

Hiph`il

— Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Psalm 18:48; יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Psalm 47:4. Either leads (as Aramaic דַּבַּר) or subdues (as Arabic turn the back).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Gesenius' Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae (Thes).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ H. Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Verb Piel participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐλάλησεν λάλησον ἐλάλησα λαλήσω εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1696:

ἐλάλησεν 344× (29.7%)

λάλησον 62× (5.7%)

ἐλάλησα 51× (4.6%)

λαλήσω 44× (3.9%)

εἶπεν 44× (3.8%)

λαλῆσαι 42× (3.6%)

ἐλάλησασ 38× (3.4%)

ἐλάλησαν 38× (3.3%)

'' 27× (2.1%)

λαλῶν 26× (2.3%)

וזה וְזֶה

and this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Conjunction, Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

בא בָּא

he has come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

ויאמר וַיֹּאמַר֒

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אש אֵשׁ

fire

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אש

ʼêsh

Definition

fire (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively); burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H784

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Man. Found only in the construct state in compound proper names (e.g., אֶשְׁבַּע).

אֵשׁ

noun feminine • Root אשש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Fire (as an element); lightning; flame of wrath; war-fire. Metaphorically means to burn with fire.

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root איש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 196

Man (an abridged construct form of אִישׁ)

אֵשׁ

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 1363

Example of interchange with ר (Resh).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶשׁ

emph. אֶשָּׁא / chald. • Root אש • Page 75

Idem (same as Hebrew אֵשׁ fire). Dan. 7:11.

אֻשׁ

plur. אֻשִּׁין / chald. • Page 75

Foundation. Only Ezra 4: 12. 5: 16. 6: 3.

אֵשׁ

com. gen. • Page 75

1. fire—'fire of God' (lightening), Job 1:16. Figuratively the scorching heat of the sun, Joel 1:19, 20. 2. shining, glittering; e. g. of steel, Nah. 2:4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H784

I. אֵשׁ noun feminine Exodus 9:23 (masculine Jeremiah 48:45; Psalm 104:4; masculine is dubious: Numbers 16:18 read עָלֵיהָ for second עֲלֵיהֶם (compare B¹); Jeremiah 20:9 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §132d; Jeremiah 48:45 read (many manuscripts, Numbers 21:23) יָצָאָה; Psalm 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לְשֹׁנֹתָה, or וָלַחַט; Job 20:26 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §145u (or 121b): compare Albr ZAW xvi {1896}. 63. feminine and masculine Jeremiah 20:9; Job 20:26) — fire (Assyrian išātu COT Gloss, Syriac ܐܫܐ, Ethiopic አማር; derivatives from II. אֵשׁ, ܐܫܐ, sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 Lag BN 68 compare أَبْجَدْ, هوشب), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta §189b).

Cognates:

• Assyrian išātu
• Syriac ܐܫܐ
• Ethiopic አማር

— אֵשׁ absolute Exodus 9:24 +; construct Leviticus 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֹ Deuteronomy 4:36; Job 18:5; אֵשְׁכֶם Isaiah 50:11; אִשָּׁם Isaiah 66:24.

Meanings and Uses

a. Fire of conflagration, endangering or destroying crops

• Exodus 22:5 (compare Exodus 3:2 both E)

b. Deliberate destruction by fire

• Especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (with qamets pretonic) object golden calf Exodus 32:20 (J), other idols Deuteronomy 7:5, 25, Asherim Deuteronomy 12:3, chariots Joshua 11:6, 9; 2 Kings 23:11, house Judges 12:1; Judges 14:15, tower Judges 9:52, city-gates Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, 13, 17, city Joshua 6:24; Judges 18:27 compare Isaiah 1:7 +
• Also שִּׂלַח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1:4, 7, 10 +
• שִּׂלַח אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48 compare 2 Kings 8:12
• הִצִּית אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Joshua 8:8, 19; Jeremiah 17:27 +, compare Judges 9:49; 2 Samuel 14:30, 31 (of field, compare Exodus 22:5 above)

c. Supernatural fire, attending theophany

• Exodus 3:2; Exodus 19:18 (both J E) Deuteronomy 4:11, 12, 15, 33, 36 +
• Specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21, 22; Exodus 14:24 (all J E) Nehemiah 9:12, 19 compare Deuteronomy 1:33 (see מַרְאֵה אֵשׁ Numbers 9:15, 16 P)
• Of destructive fire from יְהוָה Numbers 11:1, 2, 3 (J) Numbers 26:10 (P) Leviticus 10:2 (P)
• Compare אֹכֶלֶת יְהוָה in simile of Yahweh's glory Exodus 24:17 (E) Deuteronomy 4:24; Deuteronomy 9:3
• See also 1 Kings 18:24, 38; 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended)
• Compare further of lightning Exodus 9:23, 24 (JE) Psalm 18:13; Psalm 18:14; Psalm 148:8 etc.

d. Fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc.

• צָלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Exodus 12:8, 9 (P) compare Leviticus 2:14; 2 Chronicles 35:13; Isaiah 44:16, 19
• Of tinder for lighting fire Genesis 22:6, 7 (E)
• Of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exodus 32:24
• For refining Jeremiah 6:29, where read with Qere מֵאֵשׁ תָּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Malachi 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of covenant)

e. Especially of altar-fire

• Leviticus 1:7 (twice in verse); Leviticus 6:2; Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 6:5; Leviticus 6:6 +
• In offering incense Leviticus 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously Leviticus 10:1; Numbers 3:4; Numbers 26:61
• Fire from יְהוָה consuming sacrifice (compare c) Leviticus 9:24; 2 Chronicles 7:1, 3
• Of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֶּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְ) 2 Kings 16:3; 2 Kings 21:6; compare 2 Kings 17:17; 2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 33:6; also יְהוָה שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ 2 Kings 17:31, יְהוָה בָּעַר בָּאֵשׁ 2 Chronicles 28:3

f. Figurative of Yahweh's anger

• Psalm 89:47 (simile) compare Nahum 1:6; Lamentations 2:4 אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36; Ezekiel 22:31; Ezekiel 38:19, אֵשׁ קִנְאָתִי Ezekiel 36:5; see also Isaiah 66:15; Psalm 79:5; Psalm 89:47 etc.
• Of word of יְהוָה Jeremiah 23:29
• Figurative of outbursting emotion Psalm 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Isaiah 9:17, etc.

g. In various combinations

• לַמִּיד אֵשׁ Genesis 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di)
• לַבַּת אֵשׁ Exodus 3:2 flame of fire, לַהֶבֶת אֵשׁ Joel 2:5, לַמִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Daniel 10:6 compare Zechariah 12:6, לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ Psalm 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Isaiah 66:15 compare לְהָבוֹת יְהוָה Psalm 105:32, לָהָבָה יְהוָה נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ Isaiah 4:5 compare Hosea 7:6
• שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41:11
• תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Psalm 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוּר אֵשׁ Zechariah 12:6
• אוּר אֵשׁ light of fire Psalm 78:14
• אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Psalm 104:4
• לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Isaiah 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 1:13 coals of fire, so Ezekiel 10:2, compare רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Song of Solomon 8:6
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 28:14, 16 see אֶבֶן
• אֵשׁ דָּת Deuteronomy 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian and late; read perhaps דֹּת [לַמִּד] אֵשׁ compare Exodus 20:18 or דֵּת [יֹקֶד] אֵשׁ compare Isaiah 65:5

II. אֵשָּׁא noun [feminine] — fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ; K §55, 5. 2b thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ; D 161 Buhl √ אשׁא compare אִשָּׁא, אִשָּׁה, Syriac ܐܫܐ).

— Daniel 7:11.

אֻשְּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא see [אֵשׁ].

¹ Vatican MS. of Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0784:

No stats available

אלהים אֱלֹהִ֗ים

mighty ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

נפלה נָפְלָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נפל

nâphal

Definition

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative); be accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide (by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall (away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have (inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for פלל), lay (along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be ([idiom] hast) lost, lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make to) rot, slay, smite out, [idiom] surely, throw down.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5307

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 979

I. (not used) intr. to be large, tall, thick, strong, powerful, of the body.

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 980

To fall, sink down, lie prostrate. Can refer to people, objects (buildings, mountains), lightning, etc. Metaphorically: to perish in war or by famine; to befall or happen to someone; to fail (a promise); to be cast (a lot); to prostrate oneself in worship or submission; to encamp; to defect to an enemy.

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 981

To fall, lie, be prostrate, perish; to be allotted; to cast lots; to make the countenance fall, look gloomy; to let a promise fall, i.e., not to fulfil it; generally to let fall, to desist from.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵפֶל

noun masculine • Root נפל • Page 450

Verbal from נָפַל; an untimely birth, an abortion (Job 3:16, Ps. 58:9, Ecc. 6:3). Comp. Arabic abortus.

נָפַל

verb • Page 449

1. to fall (spoken of a house, city, or in war); to fall sick (Ex. 21: 18). 2. to descend as a revelation; to fall on one (sleep or terror); to fall away; to be cast as a lot; to fall to anyone in a division; to be inferior to; to be vain or fruitless; to fall out (turn out); to fall/sink in despondency; to fall into ruin. 3. (voluntary) to fall on the neck (embrace); to prostrate one's self; to fall on a sword; to fall upon (attack). Refs: Gen. 15: 12; 33: 4; Num. 34: 2; Job 1: 15; Ps. 78: 64.

נָפַל

verb • Page 450

To surprise (Josh. 11:7); to leap down, alight (Gen. 24:64, 2 K. 5:21); to encamp, spoken of a host (Judg. 7:12); to dwell (Gen. 25:18); also to be accepted (Jer. 37:20, 42:2). Hiphil (הִפִּיל): to let fall (Num. 35:23); to throw down (Deut. 25:2, Dan. 11:12); to fell, as trees (2 K. 3:19, 25); to cast, as the lot (Ps. 22:19); to distribute (Josh. 13:6, Ezek. 45:1); to cause to be unfulfilled (1 Sam. 3:19); to present a prayer (Jer. 38:26, Dan. 9:18); to let the countenance fall, to look gloomy (Jer. 3:12); to bring forth (Is. 26:19); to leave off, to cease (Judg. 2:19). Hithpael: to throw one's self down (Deut. 9:18, 25); to fall on any one (Gen. 43:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5307

I. נָפַל (approximate number of occurrences: 433) verb — fall, lie.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew נָפַל
• Aramaic נְפַל
• Syriac ܢܦܰܠ
• Arabic نفل (dedit praedam)¹
• Minaean נפל (remove)²

— Qal₃₆₆ Perfect נָפַל Judges 5:27 +, 3 feminine singular נָָֽפְלָה Genesis 15:12 +; Imperfect יִמֹּל 1 Samuel 14:45 +, וַיִּמֹּל Judges 4:16 +; 1 singular אֶמֹּל 1 Chronicles 21:13; Imperative masculine plural נִפְלוּ Hosea 10:8; Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Esther 6:13; construct נְפֹל Isaiah 30:25 +, suffix נָפְלוֺ 1 Samuel 29:3; Participle נֹפֵל Judges 4:22 +, feminine נֹפֶ֫לֶת Genesis 15:12 + etc.

1. Fall by accident

• Exodus 21:33 (Elohist Source) there fall into it (a pit) an ox
• Deuteronomy 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ on the way)
• 1 Samuel 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל)
• Proverbs 26:27 (into pit, figurative)
• 2 Kings 6:5 (axe-head into water)
• Joshua 6:5 (of wall; Jehovist Source), תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Joshua 6:20
• Amos 9:9 (a grain to earth)
• Judges 18:1 (of inheritance falling or being allotted)

2. Violent death or ruin

a. Especially of violent death

• Judges 5:27 (+ שָׁדוּד)
• 1 Samuel 31:1 = 1 Chronicles 10:1 (חָלָל fall pierced)
• Amos 7:17 (בַּחֶרֶב by the sword)
• Numbers 14:29 (Priests' Code), 32 (Jehovist Source)

b. Figurative of perishing or going to ruin

• Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14
• Isaiah 3:8 (+ כָּשַׁל)
• Proverbs 11:5 (בְּרִשְׁעָה in wickedness)

3. Prostration and obeisance

a. Fall prostrate

• Judges 19:26–27
• 1 Samuel 28:20 (in a faint)
• Numbers 24:4 (supernatural influence)

b. Prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי)

• Before man: Genesis 50:18 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 25:23
• Before God: Joshua 5:14; Genesis 17:3 (Priests' Code)
• עַלרַֿגְלָיו at one's feet 1 Samuel 25:24

c. Fall upon neck (in embrace)

• Genesis 33:4; Genesis 46:29 (Jehovist Source)

4. Attack and Desertion

a. Attack

• Jeremiah 48:32; Joshua 11:7 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. Desert or fall away to (go over to)

• With עַל: 2 Kings 25:11; Jeremiah 37:14
• With אֶל: Jeremiah 38:19

5. Figurative uses

• Of deep sleep: Genesis 15:12; Job 4:13
• Of countenance falling in displeasure: Genesis 4:5–6
• Of terror or reproach: Exodus 15:16; Psalm 69:10
• Of word or promise failing: Joshua 21:43; 1 Kings 8:56

6. Other idiomatic uses

• לְמִשְׁכָּב take to one's bed Exodus 21:18
• מֵעַל הַגָּמָל alight quickly Genesis 24:64
• Of waste away: Numbers 5:21
• Of being born: Isaiah 26:18

7. To lie (prostrate)

• Of Midianites: Judges 7:12
• Of the dead: 1 Samuel 31:8; Deuteronomy 21:1

— Hiphil Perfect הִמִּיל 1 Samuel 3:19 +; Imperfect יַמִּיל Exodus 21:27, וַיַּמֵּל Genesis 2:21; Imperative masculine singular הַמִּלֶהָ Joshua 13:6; Infinitive לְהַמִּיל 1 Samuel 18:25; Participle מַמִּיל 2 Kings 6:5.

1. Cause to fall

a. Fell a tree

• 2 Kings 3:19, 25

b. Throw down wall

• 2 Samuel 20:15

2. Cause death or destruction

• By the sword: 2 Kings 19:7; Jeremiah 19:7
• Overthrow: Psalm 37:14; Psalm 73:18

3. Casting lots and apportioning

• Casting lot (גּוֺרָל): Isaiah 34:17; Nehemiah 10:35; Jonah 1:7
• Assign by lot: Joshua 13:6; Ezekiel 45:1

— Hithpael Infinitive הִתְנַמֵּל throw himself upon (על) Genesis 43:18 (i.e. attack); prostrate oneself Deuteronomy 9:18, 25; Ezra 10:1.

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xl (1886), 725.

² Fritz Hommel, Südarabische Chrestomathie (Hom. Sudar. Chrest. 128).

Aramaic

I. נְפַל verb fall (Biblical Hebrew נָפַל).

Peal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular נְפַל Daniel 2:46; Daniel 4:28; 3 masculine plural נְפַ֫לוּ Daniel 3:23; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִמֵּל Daniel 3:6; Participle plural נָֽפְלִין Daniel 3:7.

1. fall down and do homage
   • Daniel 2:46 (עַלאַֿנְמּוֺהִי)
   • Daniel 3:5, 6, 7
2. fall by violence
   • Daniel 7:20 (with קֳדָם)
3. fall to thee (thou shalt need)
   • Ezra 7:20

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἔπεσεν πεσοῦνται πεσεῖται ἔπεσαν ἔπεσον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5307:

ἔπεσεν 49× (10.4%)

πεσοῦνται 46× (10.2%)

πεσεῖται 30× (6.6%)

ἔπεσαν 23× (4.9%)

ἔπεσον 13× (2.7%)

'' 13× (2.6%)

ἐμπεσεῖται 11× (2.5%)

ἐπέπεσεν 11× (2.5%)

--- 9× (2.1%)

πέσῃ 6× (1.4%)

מן מִן־

from out of

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מן

min

Definition

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Root

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for H4482 (מן);

Exhaustive

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for מן; properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses; above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4480

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִן

m. / preposition • Root מנן • Strongs / High • Page 865

A part, portion. Also used as a preposition: from, of, out of.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 866

A preposition with the primary meaning 'from'. It denotes separation, removal from an object, motion from a thing in space and time, origin, or a part taken from a whole. Its meanings include 'from', 'out of', 'away from', and it is used to indicate source material, descent, and in comparisons ('than').

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 867

A preposition primarily meaning 'from' or 'out of'. Its various uses include indicating: source or origin (from, by); cause or means (through, by); separation, removal, or avoidance (away from, without); and forming the comparative degree with adjectives and verbs, equivalent to 'than' (e.g., better than, wiser than). It can also denote preference (more than, instead of).

מִן

preposition • Root מן • Strongs / High • Page 868

A preposition primarily signifying separation, 'from' or 'out of'. Its uses include: denoting removal from a place, origin, or cause; in comparisons, meaning 'than'; in a partitive sense, meaning 'some of', 'one of', or 'a part of'; and in a temporal sense, meaning 'from' or 'since' a particular time. It also appears in negative formulas like 'of nothing' or 'not any one'.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 869

A primary preposition with a wide range of meanings including: from, out of, away from (separation); since, after (temporal); because of, on account of (causal); used in a negative sense 'that not', especially with verbs of hindering or preventing.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 870

A preposition primarily meaning 'from,' denoting source, separation, or position. It can express concepts such as 'from the opposite side,' 'from below,' 'from above,' 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'from under.'

מִן

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 870

Aramaic preposition, same as the Hebrew מִן. 1. from, denoting the source whence a thing comes or the cause by which. 2. expressing intensity or increase, meaning 'above' or 'more than'. 3. used in a partitive sense.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִן

prefix • Root מנן , • Page 383

1. from (denoting a part). Hence: from the womb (Judg. 16:17); on this side of (1 Sam. 20:21). Often partitive: 'some of' (Lev. 5:9). 2. of, out of (Ps. 45:14). 3. at, in, on, by, in specifications of time and place. 4. on account of, concerning, de (Lev. 6:11 [6:18]).

מִן

unknown • Root מן • Page 350

Out of, from. See the full form מִן.

מִן

preposition • Page 384

A preposition with multiple uses on this page including: 5. towards, to (Gen. 13:11, Judg. 7:1); 6. against (Dan. 11:3, Deut. 33:7); 7. before, in presence of (Nah. 1:5, Num. 32:22); 8. more than (comparative) (Judg. 2:19, Jer. 5:3); 9. by, through (expressing cause) (Job 7:14, Cant. 3:10, Ecc. 12:11); 10. without (Job 11:15, 21:9); 11. before an infinitive expressing 'because', 'since', or 'so that... not' (Deut. 7:8, 2 Chr. 31:10, Gen. 27:1, Ex. 14:5); 12. before a future as a conjunction 'that not', 'lest' (Deut. 33:11); 13. [cut off] from being (Jer. 2:25, 48:2).

מִן

m. plur. מִנִּים • Page 383

a string. Ps. 150:4. Perhaps also Ps. 45:9 מִנִּי as an uncommon plural form.

מַן

chald. pron. • Page 383

1. who? what? Ezra 5:3, 9. Dan. 3:15. 2. מַן־דִּי whosoever, quicunque. Dan. 3:6, 11. 4:14. [4:17.]

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4480

I. מִן (also מִּ, מִי, מֵ) preposition — out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מ
• Aramaic מִן
• Arabic مِنْ
• Ethiopic እም
• Sabean בן

— מִן before יְ (except Daniel 12:2; 2 Chronicles 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי); before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges^{§ 102, l R.}; more fully Kö^{ii. 291ff}); in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the Genitive (Ges^{§ 90.3a}) Judges 5:14, Isaiah 46:3, Psalm 44:11 +; and מִנֵּי (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isaiah 30:11; suffix 1 singular מִמֶּנִּי, in poetry מִנִּי Isaiah 22:4, מֶ֫נִּי Psalm 18:23; 2 masculine singular מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ; 2 feminine singular מִמֵּךְ; 3 masculine singular מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (מֶ֫נְהוּ Job 4:12); 3 feminine singular מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ; 2 masculine plural מִכֶּם; 3 masculine plural מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jeremiah 10:2; 3 feminine plural מֵהֵ֫נָּה, מֵהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. With verbs expressing separation or removal

Whether from a person, place, or direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.:

a. Local separation and motion

• Exodus 19:14 (descend from a mountain)
• Deuteronomy 22:8 (fall from a roof)
• Isaiah 14:12 (from heaven)
• Joshua 10:7 (go up from a valley)
• With ברח (+ מפני) or חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ Exodus 14:2 (desist from us)
• figurative Psalm 18:22 (+ מאלהי) not did wickedly (turning) from my God
• Judges 7:17 ye shall see from me, i.e. learn by observing me

b. Away from, far from

• Proverbs 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife
• Numbers 15:24 away from the eyes of the congregation
• Job 19:26 מִבְּשָׂרִי (probably) without my flesh shall I see God
• Jeremiah 48:45 without strength

c. Position: off, on the side of, on

• Genesis 2:8 מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east
• Joshua 11:3 מִצָּפוֺן on the north
• Psalm 91:7 מִימִינֶ֑ךָ on thy right
• Genesis 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards

2. Out of (Greek ἐκ, Latin ex)

a. Of proceeding, expelling, or looking out of

• Genesis 3:23 (שִׁלַּח)
• Exodus 2:10 (draw out of water)
• Songs 2:9 look out מִן הַחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows
• Exodus 19:5 סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל הָעַמִּים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples

b. Of the material out of which anything is formed

• Genesis 2:19 form מִן הָאֲדָמָה out of the soil
• Hosea 13:2 make images מִכַּסְמָּם
• Isaiah 40:17 מֵאַיִן as made of nought

c. Of source or origin

• Job 1:21 מִבֶּטֶן coming forth from the womb
• Judges 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Bethlehem
• Numbers 16:28 לֹא מִלִּבִּי not from my own heart (self-devised)

d. Of the source or author of an action

• 1 Samuel 24:14 from the wicked proceedeth wickedness
• Genesis 24:50 the thing proceedeth from יהוה

e. Immediate or efficient cause

• Genesis 19:36 הָֽרְתָה מִן pregnant by
• Isaiah 6:4 shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא at the voice of him that cried
• Job 4:9 at the breath of God
• Psalm 27:1 (מָּחַד) fear of

f. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground

• Exodus 2:23 sighed מִן הָעֲבֹדָה on account of the bondage
• Isaiah 53:5 wounded מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions
• Genesis 16:10 מֵרֹב for abundance

3. Partitively

a. One or some out of many

• Genesis 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of all
• 1 Samuel 14:39 אֵין מִן there is not any

b. Indefinite: some of

• Exodus 16:27 there went out (some) of the people
• Genesis 4:3 brought of the fruit of the ground
• 1 Samuel 14:45 a single hair of his head

4. Of time

a. Terminus a quo: from, since

• Deuteronomy 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my knowing you
• Judges 13:5 מִן הַבֶּטֶן from the womb
• Jeremiah 3:4 מֵעַתָּה henceforth

b. Marking the period succeeding the limit: after

• Genesis 38:24 after about three months
• Joshua 23:1 מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days
• Genesis 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים after (at the end of) days

5. From ... to (even to)

• Genesis 10:19; Genesis 15:18 (מִן ... עַד)
• figurative Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן both young and old
• Exodus 11:5 both man and beast
• Numbers 30:15 מִיּוֺם אֶל יוֺם from day to day

6. In comparisons (beyond, above, than)

a. Compared with another distinct object

• Judges 14:18 sweeter than honey
• Ezekiel 28:3 wiser than Daniel
• Genesis 29:10 better... than

b. Compared with a group: out of, above all

• Genesis 3:1 subtil above all beasts
• Judges 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women

c. Too much for: surpassing powers

• Genesis 18:14 too hard for יהוה
• Genesis 4:13 greater than I can bear
• 1 Kings 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל too great to contain

7. Prefixed to an infinitive

• a. Causal force: Deuteronomy 7:7 because J. loved you
• b. Negative consequence (restraint): Genesis 16:2 מִלֶּדֶת from bearing; Genesis 27:1 מֵרְאֹת so that he could not see; 1 Samuel 15:23 מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king.
• c. Temporal force: Numbers 24:23 after God's establishing him.

8. As a conjunction

Deuteronomy 33:11 מִן יְקוּמוּן that they rise not again.

9. In compounds

מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מֵעַל, מִתַּחַת; especially לְמִן (with pleonastic לְ) Deuteronomy 4:32; Judges 20:1.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² Ed. König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Zerweck, Die Hebräische Präposition Min (1894).

Preposition

LXX: ἀπὸ ἐκ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4480a:

ἀπὸ 252× (23.4%)

ἐκ 244× (22.7%)

ἀπ' 136× (12.6%)

ἐμοῦ 65× (5.0%)

'' 43× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 42× (3.3%)

--- 32× (3.0%)

ἀφ' 17× (1.6%)

παρὰ 16× (1.5%)

παρ' 14× (1.3%)

השמים הַשָּׁמַיִם

the Dual-Heavenly Ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמים

shâmayim

Definition

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)

Root

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty;

Exhaustive

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve); air, [idiom] astrologer, heaven(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8064

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

m. pl. • Root שמה • Strongs / High • Page 1446

properly height, high district (from שָׁמָה II); or the shining one, the light-producer; the circular heaven like a thin covering (רָקִיעַ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

masc. plur. const. שְׁמֵי • Root שמה , • Page 685

the heaven or heavens. Gen. 1: 1. 2: 1. 14: 19, 22. The Hebrews conceived of heaven as a solid arch resting on pillars (Job 26: 11), having foundations (2 Sam. 22: 8) and a gate (Gen. 28: 17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8064

I. שָׁמַי (approximate number of occurrences: 421) noun masculine — heavens, sky.

Cognates:

• Assyrian šamû (plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu)
• Phoenician שמם
• Sabean סמה
• Arabic سَمَاء
• Ethiopic ሰማይ
• Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא
• Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן

— שָׁמַ֫יִם absolute Genesis 1:1 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה locative Exodus 9:8 +; construct שְׁמֵי Deuteronomy 10:14; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ Psalm 8:4, שָׁמָיו Deuteronomy 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:19.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Visible heavens, sky

• Where stars, etc., are Judges 5:20; Genesis 15:5 (Yahwist Source), Deuteronomy 4:19; Genesis 1:14 (Priestly Code)
• Stars of heaven כּוֺכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 22:17 (Jehovist Source)
• Host of heaven צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 4:19; Jeremiah 8:2
• Where birds fly Genesis 1:20 (Priestly Code), Jeremiah 8:7; Proverbs 30:19, עוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 2:19 (Yahwist Source)
• As the רָקִיע (expanse) Genesis 1:8 (Priestly Code), Psalm 19:2
• Source of rain and dew Genesis 8:2 (Yahwist Source), Deuteronomy 11:11, Genesis 27:28 (Yahwist Source), Genesis 27:39 (Elohist Source)
• Universe (with אֶרֶץ) Genesis 1:1 (Priestly Code), Deuteronomy 3:24
• Horizon limits מִקְּצֵה הַשָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 4:32; Psalm 19:7

b. Specific phrases

• Windows of heaven אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָּׁמַיִם (letting rain through) Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:2 (Priestly Code), Malachi 3:10 (figurative)
• Foundations of heaven מוֺסְדוֺת הַשָּׁמַיִם 2 Samuel 22:8
• Pillars of heaven עַמּוּדֵי שָׁמַיִם Job 26:11
• Towards the sky הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Joshua 8:20 (Yahwist Source), Exodus 9:8

2. As abode of God

a. General usage

• Abode of Yahweh 1 Kings 8:30; Psalm 2:3; Isaiah 66:1
• Title "God of Heaven" אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם Ezra 1:2; Jonah 1:9
• Highest heavens שְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 10:14; 1 Kings 8:27

b. Elijah taken up

• Into heaven הַשָּׁמַיִם in a whirlwind 2 Kings 2:1, 2 Kings 2:11

3. Personified

• In various relations Isaiah 1:2; Jeremiah 2:12; Psalm 19:2

4. Queen of Heaven

See מְלֶכֶת p. 573.

Aramaic

I. שְׁמַ֫יִן noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew שָׁמַיִם).

1. visible sky
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 4:8
   • Birds of heaven עוֺף שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 2:38
   • Dew of heaven טַל שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:12
   • Winds of heaven רוּחֵי שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 7:2
2. heavens as abode of God
   • Daniel 2:28; Daniel 4:31
   • As ruling (figurative) Daniel 4:23
   • God of heaven אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 2:18; Ezra 5:11
   • King of heaven מֶלֶךְ שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:34

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (Sta).

² Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG).

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

⁴ G. A. Cooke, Textbook of North-Semitic Inscriptions.

⁵ Mordtmann & Müller, Sabäische Denkmäler (SabDenkm).

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: οὐρανοῦ οὐρανὸν οὐρανὸσ οὐρανῷ οὐρανόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8064:

οὐρανοῦ 201× (41.8%)

οὐρανὸν 66× (13.3%)

οὐρανὸσ 32× (6.4%)

οὐρανῷ 30× (5.5%)

οὐρανόν 28× (5.5%)

οὐρανοῦ 20× (4.2%)

οὐρανῶν 11× (2.3%)

'' 10× (2.1%)

pεἰσ 8× (2.0%)

οὐρανοὶ 8× (1.7%)

ותבער וַתִּבְעַר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בער

bâʻar

Definition

to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by eating); to be(-come) brutish

Root

a primitive root; also as denominative from H1198 (בער)

Exhaustive

a primitive root; also as denominative from בער; to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by eating); to be(-come) brutish; be brutish, bring (put, take) away, burn, (cause to) eat (up), feed, heat, kindle, set (on fire), waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1197

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּעֵר

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 267

a taking away, a removing (prop. infin. Pihel).

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַר

noun masculine • Root בער • Consonantal / Medium • Page 267

field, wood, generally what is not built upon; Metaphor. wildness, roughness; hence fig. want of cultivation, silliness, stupidity.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַר

verb • Root בער • Consonantal / Medium • Page 266

1. To kindle, set fire to, to burn, to consume (tr.); to burn, to blaze, to glow, to sparkle (intr.). 2. (Piel) To kindle, to take away, to root out, to remove, to annihilate. 3. (Pual) To be kindled. 4. (Hiphil) To cause to burn, to kindle; to root out thoroughly, to destroy; to feed upon.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַר

verb • Root בער • Consonantal / Medium • Page 267

(not used) intr. to be wild, rough, not built upon, spoken of land, a field, a district.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַר

verb • Root בער • Consonantal / Medium • Page 267

intr. to be stupid, foolish, metaphor. to be bad; Nif. to be infatuated.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בֹּעֵר

verb • Root בער • Page 109

Burning. Is. 4:4.

בַּעַר

m. denom. • Root בער • Page 109

Brutish, stupid, like cattle. Ps. 49:11, 73:22, 92:7.

בָּעַר

verb • Page 109

1. to feed, graze, consume by grazing (Pi. no. 1, Hiph. no. 1). 2. to burn up, consume, kindle (Ps. 83:15, Job 1:16, Ex. 3:3, Is. 1:31). 3. to be dumb, brutish (Jer. 10:8, Ps. 94:8). Includes Niph. נִבְעַר, Pi. בִּעֵר, Pu. to burn, and Hiph. to feed upon/kindle.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1197

I. בָּעַר verb — burn, consume.

Cognates:

• Aramaic בְּעַר burn
• Arabic بَعَرَ seek out, collect, glean (apparently earlier meaning)

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular בָּֽעֲרָה Numbers 11:3 (2 times), וּבָֽעֲרָה consecutive Isaiah 10:17 (3 times), בָּֽעֲרוּ Judges 15:14 (2 times) + 2 Samuel 22:13 (but compare De¹ on Psalm 18), וּבָֽעֲרוּ consecutive Isaiah 1:31; Imperfect יִבְעַר Exodus 3:3; Psalm 2:12, etc.; Participle בֹּעֵר Exodus 3:2 (6 times), בֹּעֵרָ֑ה Isaiah 34:9, בּוֺעֵ֫רָה Hosea 7:4, בֹּעֲרָ֫ה Isaiah 30:33, בֹּעֶ֫רֶת Jeremiah 20:9, בֹּעֲרוֺות Ezekiel 1:13.

1. Qal Meanings and Uses

a. Intransitive, specifically begin to burn, be kindled

• Psalm 18:8 followed by מִן (subject גֶּחָלִים) = 2 Samuel 22:9
• Psalm 106:18 (subject אֵשׁ)
• figurative Psalm 2:12 (subject אַמּוֺ) compare Jeremiah 44:6 (subject חֵמָה)
• Isaiah 30:33 (with בְּ, subject נִשְׁמַת י׳)
• Psalm 39:4 (subject אֵשׁ figurative of grief) compare Jeremiah 20:9

b. Be burning, burn

• Judges 15:14 (subject מִּשְׁתִּים, with בָּאֵשׁ)
• Exodus 3:2 (+ הַסְּנֶה, with בָּאֵשׁ), Exodus 3:3 (subject id.)
• Deuteronomy 4:11; 5:23; 9:15 (all subject הַר, with בָּאֵשׁ)
• Isaiah 34:9 (זֶפֶת בֹּעֵרָה)
• figurative of destruction Isaiah 1:31 (subject חָסֹן and מֹּעֲלוֺ)
• Of torch לַמִּיד Isaiah 62:1; of oven תַּנּוּר Hosea 7:4, 6

c. Transitive: burn, consume

• (subject אֵשׁ, לֶהָבָה etc., followed by בְּ) Numbers 11:1, 3 (אֵשׁ י׳), Job 1:16 (אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים)
• In simile Ezekiel 1:13 (גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ י׳), Psalm 83:15 (only here transitive with accusative; should it be Pi`el?)
• figurative (subject wrath of י׳) Isaiah 42:25 compare Lamentations 2:3 (subject fire = fiery trial) Isaiah 43:2

d. Active but absolute, figurative, subject wrath of י׳

• Jeremiah 4:4; 7:20; 21:12; Psalm 89:47
• Compare Isaiah 10:17; Psalm 79:5; Isaiah 30:27 (שֵׁם י׳ בֹּעֵר אַמּוֺ)
• Malachi 3:19 (הַיּוֹם בָּא); of human anger Esther 1:12; subject wickedness Isaiah 9:17

2. Pi`el Meanings and Uses

— Pi`el Perfect בִּעֵר 1 Kings 22:47; 2 Kings 23:24, וּבִעֵר consecutive Leviticus 6:5, בִּעַרְתָּ 2 Chronicles 19:3, וּבִעַרְתָּ consecutive Deuteronomy 13:6 (9 times in Deuteronomy); וּבִעֲרוּ consecutive Ezekiel 39:9, etc.; Imperfect יְבַעֵר 1 Kings 14:10; תְּבַעֵר Deuteronomy 21:9, יְבַעֲרוּ Ezekiel 39:10; תְּבַעֲרוּ Exodus 35:3; Participle מְבַעֲרִים Jeremiah 7:18.

a. Kindle, literal with accusative אֵשׁ

• Exodus 35:3; Jeremiah 7:18; Ezekiel 39:9–10
• figurative of י׳ sending destruction Ezekiel 21:4; of human schemes Isaiah 50:11
• Light, object lamps in temple 2 Chronicles 4:20; 13:11

b. Burn, literal with accusative עֵצִים

• Leviticus 6:5, גָּלָל dung 1 Kings 14:10
• absolute Isaiah 44:15; compare Isaiah 40:16; Nehemiah 10:35

c. Figurative: consume, utterly remove

• Particularly of evil and guilt, especially in Deuteronomic phrase וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִקִּרְבֶּךָ Deuteronomy 13:6; 17:7, 12; 19:13, 19; 21:21; 22:21, 22, 24; 24:7; Judges 20:13
• Of devoted (tabooed) things Deuteronomy 26:13–14
• Of persons (exterminate) 2 Samuel 4:11; followed by אַחֲרֵי pregnantly 1 Kings 14:10; 1 Kings 21:21
• = devour, devastate, enjoy fruits of, Isaiah 3:14
• absolute הָיָה לְבָעֵר be for destruction Numbers 24:22; Isaiah 5:5; Isaiah 6:13; compare רוּחַ בָּעֵר Isaiah 4:4

3. Pu`al and Hiph`il

— Pu`al Participle מְבֹעָ֑רֶת Jeremiah 36:22 — burn (be supplied with fire), of fire-jar הָאָח.

— Hiph`il Perfect וְהִבְעַרְתִּי Nahum 2:14; Imperfect וַיַּבְעֵר Judges 15:5; 2 Chronicles 28:3; תַּבְעִיר Ezekiel 5:2; Participle מַבְעִיר 1 Kings 16:3, Exodus 22:5.

1. kindle Exodus 22:5, compare Judges 15:5 וַיַּבְעֵר אֵשׁ בַּלַּפִּידִים caused fire to burn among the brands.
2. burn up, with accusative Judges 15:5; 2 Chronicles 28:3 (sacrifice of children בָּאֵשׁ); Ezekiel 5:2; Nahum 2:14.
3. consume = destroy (compare Pi`el) 1 Kings 16:3 (followed by אַחֲרֵי).

II. בָּעַר verb denominative — be brutish.

— Qal Imperfect יִבְעֲרוּ Jeremiah 10:8 (parallel יִכְסָלוּ) — be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive; compare Participle בֹּעֲרִים Psalm 94:8 (parallel כְּסִילִים); of inhuman, cruel men Ezekiel 21:36.

— Niph`al Perfect נִבְעַר Jeremiah 10:14; 51:17, נִבְעֲרוּ Jeremiah 10:21; Participle נִבְעָרָ֑ה Isaiah 19:11 — brutish, stupid Isaiah 19:11 (subject עֵצָה); dull-hearted, ignorant of God Jeremiah 10:14, 21; Jeremiah 51:17 (rather stupefied by spectacle).

— Pi`el Perfect וּבִעֵר consecutive Exodus 22:4 — feed, graze (בְּשָׂדֶה אַחֵר).

— Hiph`il Imperfect יַבְעֶר Exodus 22:4 — cause to be grazed over, followed by שָׂדֶה.

¹ Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms (English trans. 1871).

² C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐξαρεῖσ ἐκκαυθήσεται ἐξεκαύθη καιομένη ἐκαίετο

LXX Usage Statistics

H1197a:

ἐξαρεῖσ 9× (8.6%)

ἐκκαυθήσεται 4× (4.3%)

ἐξεκαύθη 4× (3.9%)

καιομένη 3× (3.3%)

ἐκαίετο 3× (3.3%)

καυθήσεται 3× (3.0%)

'' 3× (2.8%)

καιόμενοσ 2× (2.2%)

ἐξεκαύθησαν 2× (2.2%)

--- 2× (2.2%)

בצאן בַּצֹּאן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צאן

tsôʼn

Definition

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

Root

or צאון; (Psalm 144:13), from an unused root meaning to migrate;

Exhaustive

or צאון; (Psalm 144:13), from an unused root meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men); (small) cattle, flock ([phrase] -s), lamb ([phrase] -s), sheep(-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6629

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צֹאן

noun feminine • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 1210

f. coll. properly a heap, a herd, a mass; hence 1. a troop of men; commonly 2. small cattle, sheep and goats (without a plural form).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צֹאן

noun feminine • Page 560

a collective noun denoting small cattle, i.e. sheep and goats. Gen. 27:9. Lev. 1:10. 22:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6629

I. צאֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 273) collective noun feminine¹ (possibly masculine Genesis 30:39 a +, Kö^{Synt. § 247 g}, but dubious, Genesis 30:39b with verb feminine plural, as usually; in 1 Samuel 15:14 join הַוֶּה with קוֺל; see further Albr^{ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.}) — small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks.

— צאֹן absolute Genesis 4:2 +; construct צאֹן Genesis 29:9 +; suffix צאֹנוֺ Genesis 4:4 +; צאֹנֵנוּ Exodus 10:9, צאֹונֵוּ Psalm 144:13; as plural צאֹנֵינוֺ Nehemiah 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer; very late, si vera lectio), etc.

1. Literally

a. Small cattle, usually of sheep and goats in one flock

• Genesis 30:31, 32 + (Rob^{BR i. 477})
• Sheep specified: Genesis 21:28 (+ כִּבְשׂת הַצּ), Genesis 31:28 (+ אֵילֵי צ) +; sheep only 1 Samuel 25:2 (+ עִוִּים)
• Goats specified: Genesis 27:9; Jeremiah 50:8
• As yielding animals for food: Amos 6:4 (+ בָּרִים), 1 Samuel 14:32; 2 Samuel 12:4; Nehemiah 5:18 +; צאֹן מַאְַבָל Psalm 44:12 (in simile)
• As yielding wool: Genesis 31:19 + (see גָּזַז, גֵּז)
• As yielding milk: חֲלֵב צ Deuteronomy 32:14 (? goats' milk, compare Proverbs 27:27)
• As sacrificial victims: Genesis 4:4 (Yahwist Source), Leviticus 1:2, 10; Leviticus 3:6; Numbers 15:3 (all Priests' Code), Numbers 22:40 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 12:6, 17, 21 + often; צאֹן קָדָשִׁים Ezekiel 36:38a, compare Nehemiah 10:37 (+ בְקָרֵינוּ וְצאֹנֵינוּ בְּכוֺרֵי)
• In general as property: (often + בָּקָר, etc.) Genesis 12:16; Genesis 13:5; Genesis 24:35; Job 1:3; Job 42:12 + often
• As gift: Genesis 20:14; Genesis 21:27; Genesis 38:17 (goat), Deuteronomy 15:14; 2 Chronicles 17:11; booty 1 Samuel 15:9, 15 +

b. Sometimes of a definite number of animals

(i.e. as plural of שֶׂה, etc.):

• Two: Isaiah 7:21
• Four: Exodus 21:37 (larger numbers see 1 Samuel 25:2, 5, 18; Numbers 31:32, 36; Nehemiah 5:18; Job 1:3; Job 42:12)

2. Simile of multitude

• Ezekiel 36:37, 38, compare Psalm 107:41
• Of children: Job 21:11; of dead, with death as shepherd Psalm 49:15
• Of Israel: Numbers 27:17; 1 Kings 22:17; 2 Chronicles 18:16; Zechariah 10:2; Zechariah 13:7, wandering in sin Isaiah 53:6
• Led by Jehovah: Psalm 77:21; Psalm 78:52; Psalm 80:2, compare Zechariah 9:16; Ezekiel 34:12
• In distress: כְּצאֹן טִבְחָה Psalm 44:23, compare (of wicked) צאֹן לְטִבְחָה Jeremiah 12:3; of scattered Babylonian Isaiah 13:14

3. Metaphor of multitude

• צאֹן אָרָם Ezekiel 36:38
• Of Israel: 2 Samuel 24:17 = 1 Chronicles 21:17; Jeremiah 23:1, 2, 3; Ezekiel 24:5, especially sustained figurative Ezekiel 34:2, 31; Zechariah 11:7, 17
• צאֹן אֹבְדוֺת Jeremiah 50:6; צאֹן תִּפְאַרְתֵךְ Jeremiah 13:20
• Under Jehovah's care: צאֹן מַרְעִיתֶךָ Psalm 74:1; Psalm 79:13; Psalm 100:3; Ezekiel 34:31; also צאֹן יָדוֺ Psalm 95:7; צאֹן נַחֲלָתֶךָ Micah 7:14
• In combinations: אַדִּירֵי הַצֵּ Jeremiah 25:34, 35, 36; צאֹן הַהֲרֵגָה Zechariah 11:4, 7; עֲנִיֵּי הַצּ Psalm 44:7, 11; צְעִירֵי הַצּ Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Syntax (1897) (Kö^Synt.).

² Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der hebräischen Hauptwörter," Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xv (1895), 316 ff.

³ Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine (1841) (Rob^BR).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πρόβατα προβάτων πρόβατά ὡσ ποίμνια

LXX Usage Statistics

H6629:

πρόβατα 113× (37.7%)

προβάτων 75× (24.6%)

πρόβατά 20× (6.4%)

ὡσ 18× (6.8%)

ποίμνια 8× (2.8%)

ποιμνίων 8× (2.6%)

κτήνη 6× (1.9%)

προβάτοισ 5× (1.3%)

--- 5× (1.9%)

ποίμνιον 4× (1.3%)

ובנערים וּבַנְּעָרים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נער

naʻar

Definition

(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age)

Root

from H5287 (נער);

Exhaustive

from נער; (concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age); babe, boy, child, damsel (from the margin), lad, servant, young (man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5288

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֵעוֹר

nif. • Root עור • Consonantal / Low • Page 1070

To be bared, of a bow, by its being taken out of its case.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נַ֫עַר

noun / masculine • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 978

A newly born one, child, boy, youth, young man, servant, soldier; also used for a maiden. Can also mean one who is driven about or wandering (from נָעַר II).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נֹ֫עַר

noun / masculine • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 978

Youth.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נִעֵר

verb • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 978

To drive about, to push about, to make restless; to thrust out, to drive out.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נָעַר

verb / intransitive • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 977

To roar, to growl, of the lion.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נָעַר

verb • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 978

To move to and fro, to shake, to cast, hence to thrust away, to displace; to shake off; to shake out; to drive or chase away.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נָעַר

root • Root נער • Consonantal / Low • Page 978

A stem for נַ֫עַר and its derivatives, whose fundamental meaning is not clear. Suggested connections include roots meaning 'to sprout' or 'to grow'.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נַעַר

m. dec. vi. c. prim. • Page 448

I. 1. a child, even a suckling. Ex. 2:6. Judg. 13:5, 7. 2. a young man, spoken e.g. of Joseph, Solomon, and four hundred young men. Gen. 37:2, 1 K. 3:7, 1 Sam. 30:17. 3. a servant, like παῖς, puer. 2 K. 5:20, 1 K. 20:15. Note: In the pentateuch, by a peculiar idiom, it is used for both puer and puella, hence instead of נַעֲרָה.

נַעַר

m. verbal from נָעַר no. i. • Root נער • Page 448

II. the wandering, straying, spoken of cattle. Zech. 11:16.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5288

I. נַ֫עַר (occurrence: 1) noun masculine — a shaking, scattering.

— נַ֫עַר Zechariah 11:16.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Interpretation

• Usually interpreted as abstract for concrete = scattered ones: Zechariah 11:16; but text corrupt (compare Wellhausen¹ and Nowack²).

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, v. Die Kleinen Propheten (1892).

² Wilhelm Nowack, Die kleinen Propheten (Handkommentar zum Alten Testament, 1897).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: παιδάριον παιδάρια παιδαρίῳ παιδαρίου παιδαρίοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5288:

παιδάριον 77× (30.7%)

παιδάρια 18× (7.6%)

παιδαρίῳ 16× (6.3%)

παιδαρίου 12× (4.7%)

παιδαρίοισ 11× (4.3%)

παιδαρίων 11× (4.3%)

παιδίον 11× (4.3%)

νεώτεροσ 7× (3.2%)

παιδίου 6× (2.4%)

'' 6× (2.4%)

ותאכלם וַתֹּאכְלֵם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

ואמלטה וָאִמָּלְטָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלט

mâlaṭ

Definition

properly, to be smooth, i.e. (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth young, emit sparks

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be smooth, i.e. (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth young, emit sparks; deliver (self), escape, lay, leap out, let alone, let go, preserve, save, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4422

p

Definition

paragogic

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9012

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָלַט

verb • Root מלט • Strongs / High • Page 857

To be smooth, slippery; hence to glide along, slip away, escape, flee. In derived stems (binyanim): (Nif.) to escape, be delivered; (Pih.) to deliver, let escape, save, preserve; (Hif.) to deliver; (Hithp.) to get away in haste, to escape.

מָלַט

verb • Root מלט • Strongs / High • Page 857

An unused root meaning to be soft, tough, viscous, as of mortar or cement.

מָלַט

verb • Strongs / High • Page 858

to be soft, tender, mild.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָלַט

verb • Page 379

In Kal not used. Literally to be smooth.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4422

I. מָלַט (not in קָל) verb — slip away.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew מִילּוּט rescue
• Aramaic מְלַט (rare)
• Arabic מלטי (have scanty hair), IV. (cast the foetus without hair)
• Arabic تملص (slip away, escape)

— Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִמְלַט Judges 3:26 6 times; 3 feminine singular נִמְלְטָה Psalm 124:7, with וְ consecutive וְנִמְלָ֑טָה Jeremiah 48:19; 3 masculine plural נִמְלָ֑טוּ 2 Samuel 4:6 8 times Perfect; Imperfect יִמָּלֵט Amos 9:1 13 times; וַיִּמּ Judges 3:26 7 times; 1 singular אִמָּֽלְטָה Genesis 19:20 +; 3 masculine plural וַיִּמָּלֵ֑טוּ Malachi 3:15 12 times Imperfect; Imperative הִמָּלֵט Genesis 19:17 (twice in verse); Genesis 19:22; feminine הִמָּֽלְטִי Zechariah 2:11; Infinitive absolute הִמָּלֵט 1 Samuel 27:1 (but read אִם אִמָּלֵט¹); construct idem, Genesis 19:19; Esther 4:3; Participle נִמְלָט 1 Kings 19:17 (twice in verse); —

1. Slip away

• אִמָּֽלְטָה נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת־אֶחָ֑י 1 Samuel 20:29 let me slip away to see my brethren.
• slip through, or past (into the house) 2 Samuel 4:6 (compare Driver² and Pi`el 1, Hiph`il 2).

2. Escape

• Judges 3:29; 1 Samuel 19:10 (+ נוּס); 1 Samuel 19:12; 1 Samuel 19:18 (both + בָּרַח)
• Isaiah 20:6 (+ נִצַּל, נוּס), Isaiah 49:24–25
• Ezekiel 17:15 (twice in verse); Amos 9:1; Malachi 3:15
• With מִן of place: 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Samuel 1:3; Psalm 124:7
• With אֶל of whither: 1 Samuel 22:1; 1 Samuel 27:1
• With ה locative: Genesis 19:17, 19, 20, 22 (Jehovist Source)
• With accusative: 2 Kings 19:37; Esther 4:13
• With מִיַּד: 1 Samuel 27:1; 2 Chronicles 16:7; Jeremiah 32:4
• With עַל־נֶפֶשׁ for one's life Genesis 19:17

3. Passive be delivered

• Psalm 22:6
• Proverbs 11:21; Proverbs 28:26
• Job 22:30; Daniel 12:1 (later usage)

Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular מִלֵּט Ezekiel 33:5; suffix מִלְּטֵ֫נוּ 2 Samuel 19:10; Imperfect יְמַלֵּט Amos 2:14 8 times; suffix יְמַלְּטֵ֫הוּ Psalm 41:2; Imperative מַלְּטָה Psalm 116:4; feminine מַלְּטִי 1 Kings 1:12; Infinitive absolute מַלֵּט Isaiah 46:2; Jeremiah 39:18; Participle מְמַלֵּט 1 Samuel 19:11; plural מְמַלְּטִים 2 Samuel 19:6; —

1. lay (eggs; i.e. let them slip out; of arrow-snake) Isaiah 34:15.
2. let escape: וַיְמַלְּטוּ עַצְמוֹתָיו 2 Kings 23:18 and so they let his bones escape (from the burning).
3. deliver, absolute Isaiah 46:4; with accusative Isaiah 46:2; Jeremiah 39:18; Psalm 41:2; Job 22:30; Ecclesiastes 9:15; with מִיַּד Job 6:23; מִכַּף 2 Samuel 19:10; elsewhere מִלֵּט נֶפֶשׁ deliver, save, life 1 Samuel 19:11; 2 Samuel 19:6; 1 Kings 1:12; Jeremiah 48:6; Ezekiel 33:5; Amos 2:14–15; Psalm 89:49; Psalm 116:4.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִמְלִיט Isaiah 31:5; 3 feminine singular הִמְ֫לִיטָה Isaiah 66:7; —

1. give birth to a male child Isaiah 66:7 (+ יָלְדָה, compare Pi`el 1).
2. deliver: absolute Isaiah 31:5 (+ גָּנַן, הִצִּיל, פָּסַח).

Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶתְמַלְּטָה Job 19:20; 3 masculine plural יִתְמַלְּטוּ Job 41:11; —

1. slip forth, escape (sparks of fire from jaws of crocodile) Job 41:11.
2. escape (with the skin of the teeth) Job 19:20.

¹ Based on Septuagint (LXX) and scholarly reconstruction (Wellhausen, Driver, etc.).

² S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential imperfect first person common singular, Suffix paragogic he

LXX: σωθήσεται διεσώθη διασωθῇ ἐσώθη ---%

LXX Usage Statistics

H4422:

σωθήσεται 7× (7.4%)

διεσώθη 7× (6.8%)

διασωθῇ 3× (3.3%)

ἐσώθη 3× (3.3%)

---% 3× (2.6%)

ἐσώθησαν 3× (2.9%)

σωθῇσ 3× (3.3%)

σῳζόμενον 3× (2.6%)

ῥύσεται 3× (3.3%)

σωθῇ 2× (2.2%)

רק רַק־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רק

raq

Definition

properly, leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although

Root

the same as H7534 (רק) as a noun;

Exhaustive

the same as רק as a noun; properly, leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although; but, even, except, howbeit howsoever, at the least, nevertheless, nothing but, notwithstanding, only, save, so (that), surely, yet (so), in any wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7535

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַק

adjective / substantive / adverb • Root רקק • Strongs / High • Page 1357

1. adj. m.: broken, crushed, reduced, thin, lean, withered. 2. subst./adv.: leanness, hence fig. limitation, only, except, mere, wholly, entirely.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַק

adjective / adv. • Root רקק • Page 629

1. as an adj. thin (Gen. 41:19, 20, 27). 2. as an adv. (1) only (Gen. 6:5, Is. 4:1). (2) at the beginning of a sentence, indeed, certainly, surely (Gen. 20:11, Num. 5:6, Ps. 32:6). Verbal from רָקַק.

Adverb

LXX: πλὴν --- ἀλλὰ ἀλλ' δὲ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7535:

πλὴν 57× (54.2%)

--- 9× (8.6%)

ἀλλὰ 8× (7.6%)

ἀλλ' 6× (5.7%)

δὲ 3× (2.9%)

καὶ 3× (2.9%)

'' 3× (2.4%)

μόνον 2× (1.9%)

χωρὶσ 2× (1.9%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

לבדי לְבַדּי

to my separation

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בד

bad

Definition

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of atree, bar forcarrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with prepositional prefix) as an adverb, apart, only, besides

Root

from H909 (בדד);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H905

ני

Definition

I, subject pronoun - subject: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9040

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּד

abbreviation • Root עבד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 220

abridged from עֶבֶד, and still more בַּד, in proper names compounded with it

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

I. 1. dismembered, singled out, separated; hence separation, part. 2. solitude, emptiness. Used as a preposition/adverb (לְבַד) meaning: alone, only, besides, except.

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

II. 1. yarn, thread, yarn-web; particularly white linen garments of priests. 2. branches of a tree, poles, bars, staves; members of the body.

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

III. speech, talk, chatter; hence lies, brag; liars/astrologers.

בַּד

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 220

see בַּדּ

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H905

II. בַּד noun masculine separation, concrete part.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ ܕܒܪܐ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ (portion)

— suffix (always with לְ) לְבַדִּי, לְבַדּוֹ etc., 3 feminine plural Genesis 21:28 לְבַדְּהֶן, Genesis 21:29 לְבַדָּנָה.

1. With לְ, only in singular, לְבַד properly in a state of (see below לְ) separation, alone, by itself (French à part).

• a. Exodus 26:9 (= Exodus 36:16) five curtains לְבַד by themselves, and six curtains לְבַד by themselves; Judges 7:5 him shalt thou set לְבַד apart; Zechariah 12:12-14.
• b. With suffix (89 times) to express the idea of by oneself, alone (properly in his, thy, my separation): Genesis 2:18 it is not good for man to be לְבַדּוֹ alone; Genesis 21:28 and A. set the seven lambs לְבַדְּהֶן by themselves (literally in their separation); Genesis 32:17; Genesis 43:32; 2 Samuel 10:8; Isaiah 5:8; Genesis 42:38 הוּא לְבַדּוֹ he alone; Exodus 18:14 אַתָּה לְבַדְּךָ thou alone; Numbers 11:14 אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי I alone; 1 Kings 19:10, 14; Deuteronomy 8:3 not upon bread alone; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 13:32; 2 Samuel 18:24; Isaiah 44:24; Isaiah 49:21; Isaiah 63:3 +; after an oblique case, as a dative Exodus 22:19; Judges 3:20; Psalm 51:6 לְךָ לְבַדְּךָ against thee alone have I sinned; a genitive Psalm 71:16 I will make mention of צִדְקָתְךָ לְבַדְּךָ the righteousness of thee alone.
• c. As adverb of limitation: Isaiah 26:13 only through thee do we celebrate thy name; Ecclesiastes 7:29.
• d. Followed by מִן it becomes a preposition, apart from, besides: Exodus 12:37; Numbers 29:39; Deuteronomy 3:5; Deuteronomy 18:8 (read מִמְּכָרַיִו with idem Aquila Symmachus Theodotion Ewald Dillmann); Judges 8:26; Judges 20:15 and elsewhere (15 times); once, Ezra 1:6, with עַל instead of מִן.
• e. מִלְּבַד (33 times, probably inverted for לְבַד מִן besides) (chiefly Priests' Code and late): Genesis 26:1; Genesis 46:26; Leviticus 9:17; Leviticus 23:38 (4 times); Numbers 5:8; Numbers 6:21; Numbers 17:14; Numbers 28:28-29; Deuteronomy 28:69; Joshua 22:29; 1 Kings 10:13; 1 Chronicles 3:9; 2 Chronicles 9:12; 2 Chronicles 17:19; 2 Chronicles 31:16; Ezra 2:65 = Nehemiah 7:67; Daniel 11:4. With suffix Deuteronomy 4:35 אֵין עוֹד מִלְּבַדּוֹ there is none else besides him (compare מִבַּלְעָדַי Isaiah 45:21).

2. Concrete part

• Exodus 30:34 (Priests' Code) בַּד בְּבַד יִהְיֶה part for (i.e. like; compare בְּ III. 3. end) part shall it be.

3. בַּדִּים parts, specifically extended from something, i.e.

• a. Of a body, members, limbs: Job 18:13 (of man); Job 41:4 (of crocodile).
• b. Of a vine, rods or shoots: Ezekiel 17:6; Ezekiel 19:14.
• c. Of poles or staves used for carrying the ark: Exodus 25:13, 14, 15; Exodus 35:12; Exodus 37:4, 5; Exodus 39:35; Exodus 40:20; Numbers 4:6; 1 Kings 8:7, 8 (twice in verse) (= 2 Chronicles 5:8, 9 (twice in verse)); or table of shewbread Exodus 25:27, 28; Exodus 35:13; Exodus 37:14, 15; Numbers 4:8; or altar of burnt offering Exodus 27:6 (twice in verse); Exodus 27:7 (twice in verse); Exodus 35:16; Exodus 38:5, 6, 7; Exodus 39:39; Numbers 4:14; or altar of incense Exodus 30:4, 5; Exodus 35:15; Exodus 37:27, 28; Numbers 4:11.
• d. More generally bars (of fortress) Hosea 11:6; (of a gate) Job 17:16 figurative בַּדִּי שְׁאֹל (see Isaiah 38:10).

¹ † indicates a hapax legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

² || indicates parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ אָּ5 likely refers to a textual variant or version note in the Massoretic Text or a critical apparatus; Du Dr refers to Bernhard Duhm and S. R. Driver.

⁴ Job 17:16: read הַעֲמִדִּי (for בַּדִּי) with Duhm and Driver, with נִחְתָּה in verse b (for נָחַת).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0905:

No stats available

להגיד לְהַגִּיד

to expose

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נגד

nâgad

Definition

properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise; bewray, [idiom] certainly, certify, declare(-ing), denounce, expound, [idiom] fully, messenger, plainly, profess, rehearse, report, shew (forth), speak, [idiom] surely, tell, utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5046

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Strongs / High • Page 941

To rise, swell out, be prominent (e.g., of high land or the breast); to be arched. Metaphorically: to be in front, be before, or be opposite; to be manifest, visible, clear. (The Kal form of this verb is unused).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Page 424

in Kal not used. Probably literal to be before. Hiph. הִגִּיד: 1. to declare, show, make known (Gen. 3:11; 9:22; 29:12; 37:5; Ezek. 43:10; Job 26:4; 42:3). 2. to announce, publish (Ps. 111:6; 9:12; 71:17; 92:3; 75:10). 3. to betray (Job 17:5). 4. to solve a riddle (Judg. 14:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5046

I. נָגַד (approximate number of occurrences: 363) verb — be conspicuous.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew in derivatives
• Phoenician proper name, masculine נגד
• Arabic نجد conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; high land or country; be courageous, vigorous, effective, courageous, efficient
• Aramaic נְגַד drag, draw, lead; נָגוֺדָא leader
• Ethiopic ነገደ travel

— Hiphil (328 times) Perfect הִגִּיד Genesis 3:11 +; 3 feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 Samuel 25:19 +; הִגַּדְתָּ Genesis 12:8 + etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיד 1 Samuel 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Genesis 9:22 +; suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isaiah 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Jeremiah 9:11; יַגֵָּֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:7 (jussive), etc.; Imperative הַגֵּד 2 Samuel 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Genesis 29:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַגֵּד Judges 14:12 (twice); הַגֵּיד Jeremiah 36:16; construct לְהַגִּיד Genesis 32:6 +; לגיד 2 Kings 9:15 Ketiv (Qere לְהַגִּיד); Participle מַגִּיד Genesis 41:24 +; feminine מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esther 2:20; plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judges 14:19.

— declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indirect object Genesis 3:11 + often; insert also 1 Samuel 12:7; 2 Samuel 13:34 (Septuagint, Thenius, Wellhausen, Klostermann, Driver, Kittel, Budde, so HPS); followed by אֶל Exodus 19:9; 1 Samuel 3:15; followed by לִפְנֵי 1 Samuel 17:31; Psalm 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Job 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵי Jeremiah 36:20; followed by בְּ local (instead of indirect object) chiefly prophets Jeremiah 4:5; Jeremiah 5:20; Jeremiah 31:10 +; also 1 Samuel 4:13; 2 Samuel 1:20; 2 Kings 9:15; Micah 1:10; rarely followed by accusative of person 2 Samuel 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS, or הֻגַּד We Dr Kit, Septuagint Vulgate Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 Kings 7:9, 11; Ezekiel 43:10; Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37; followed by direct object in accusative Genesis 45:13 + often; followed by clause with כִּי Genesis 3:11 + often; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; followed by clause with מָה Genesis 29:15; Judges 16:15; Esther 8:1 +; followed by clause with מִי 2 Kings 6:11; followed by clause with אֵיבָה Songs 1:7, once followed by clause with הֲ Genesis 43:6, etc.; often no direct object, followed by לֵאמֹר Exodus 13:8; 1 Samuel 25:14 +; followed by וַיּאֹמֶר Genesis 47:1 +; followed by עַל concerning, 1 Samuel 27:11; Esther 6:2; often indirect object omitted 1 Samuel 24:19 +; direct object omitted Judges 13:10 +; both omitted Leviticus 5:1 +].

In Hexateuch rarely P (Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 14:35; Exodus 16:22); J (Genesis 3:11; Genesis 12:18; Exodus 13:8 18 times); E (Genesis 21:6; Genesis 31:20; Genesis 41:25 15 times); D (Deuteronomy 17:9; Deuteronomy 26:3; Deuteronomy 30:18 5 times).

1. Tell, announce, report

Usually human subject:

• Genesis 9:22
• Genesis 24:23
• Leviticus 14:35 (Priests' Code)
• Judges 13:6
• 1 Samuel 3:18
• Nehemiah 2:12
• Psalm 142:3

2. Declare, make known, expound

Especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious:

• Genesis 3:11
• 1 Kings 10:3
• A riddle: Judges 14:12, 15, 16, 19
• Dream or secret: Daniel 2:2; Job 11:6
• Of God as revealing: Genesis 41:25 (+ יהוה); Micah 6:8; Psalm 147:19

3. Inform of (play the informer)

• Joshua 2:14, 20
• Jeremiah 20:10
• Leviticus 5:1
• Proverbs 29:24

4. Publish, declare, proclaim

Especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of God:

• Psalm 9:12
• Psalm 22:32
• Psalm 92:3
• Subject heavens: Psalm 19:2; Psalm 50:6; Psalm 97:6

5. Avow, acknowledge, confess

• Isaiah 3:9
• Psalm 38:19
• Isaiah 48:6

Participle = messenger:

• 2 Samuel 15:13
• Jeremiah 51:31
• הַנַּעַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 1:5, 6, 13
• הָאִישׁ הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 18:11

— Hophal Perfect הֻגַּד Joshua 9:24 +; Imperfect וַיֻּגַּד Genesis 22:20 +; Infinitive absolute הֻגֵּד Joshua 9:24; Ruth 2:11; — be told, announced, reported, always followed by לְ (sometimes impersonal, logical subject in accusative, compare Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11, with feminine Isaiah 21:2; not in Priests' Code).

• Genesis 27:42 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 31:22 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 17:4; Joshua 9:24 (Deuteronomic Source)
• Followed by לֵאמֹר Genesis 22:20; Genesis 38:13; 1 Samuel 15:12
• Followed by clause with כִּי Exodus 14:5; 1 Samuel 23:7; 1 Kings 2:29

¹ HPS: Henry Preserved Smith, Commentary on the Books of Samuel (International Critical Commentary).

² Septuagint (Codex Vaticanus/Alexandrinus).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἀπήγγειλεν ἀπηγγέλη ἀνήγγειλαν ἀνήγγειλεν ἀνηγγέλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5046:

ἀπήγγειλεν 49× (12.8%)

ἀπηγγέλη 27× (6.8%)

ἀνήγγειλαν 21× (5.2%)

ἀνήγγειλεν 16× (4.1%)

ἀνηγγέλη 15× (3.9%)

ἀναγγελεῖ 13× (3.5%)

ἀπαγγελῶ 10× (2.7%)

ἀναγγεῖλαι 10× (2.6%)

ἀπαγγεῖλαι 10× (2.8%)

ἀναγγείλατε 9× (2.5%)

לך לָךְ׃

to yourself/walk

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
This one yet speaking, and this came, and he will say, The fire of God fell from the heavens, and it will burn upon the sheep and upon the young men, and it will devour them; and I shall escape, only I alone, to announce to thee.

LITV Translation:
While this one was still speaking, this other also came and said, The fire of God has fallen from the heavens and has burned up the sheep and the young men. And it has destroyed them; and I, I alone have escaped to tell you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
While he was yet speaking, there came another messenger, and said to Job, Fire has fallen from heaven, and burned up the sheep, and devoured the shepherds likewise; And I having escaped alone am come to tell thee.