Jeremiah 50:42

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

קשת קֶשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

וכידן וְכִידֹ֞ן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כידון

kîydôwn

Definition

properly, something to strike with, i.e. a dart

Root

from the same as H3589 (כיד); (perhaps smaller than H2595 (חנית)lemma חנית second vowel, corrected to חנית)

Exhaustive

from the same as כיד; (perhaps smaller than חניתlemma חנית second vowel, corrected to חנית); properly, something to strike with, i.e. a dart; lance, shield, spear, target.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3591

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַד

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 578

Hand (Aramaic form).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

יַד

noun feminine • Root ידה • Consonantal / Low • Page 579

A multi-faceted noun, primarily meaning 'hand'. Figurative meanings include: 1. an artificial hand, hold, support, axle, stay. 2. side, bank (of a river). 3. a place, spot. 4. a projecting thing, monumental pillar, trophy, way-mark. 5. a part or portion. 6. a tooth or point. 7. might or power. Some meanings are derived from the root יָדָה.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

יַד

noun feminine • Consonantal / Low • Page 579

Aramaic feminine noun, same as Hebrew יַד. Meaning hand, then possession, power, might.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

יָד

noun / feminine • Root ידה • Consonantal / Low • Page 577

The hand, as that which lays hold of or seizes. Can also refer to the arm. It is used in a wide variety of metaphorical and technical senses, including assistance, power, custody, and human cooperation. Dual form: יָדַיִם, plural form: יָדוֹת.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

יָד

noun / feminine • Root יד • Consonantal / Low • Page 578

The hand. It is used in a wide variety of literal and figurative senses, including: force, violence; divine power, punishment, or inspiration (the 'hand of God'); a sign of assurance or a pledge ('giving the hand'); a medium of action or agency; guidance and oversight; possession; power and might; mediation ('by the hand of').

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּידוֹן

noun masculine • Root כיד , קתין • Page 314

1. a dart, javelin, probably different from חֲנִית (a spear). Job 41: 21. 1 Sam. 17: 6. 2. proper name of a country, 1 Chr. 13: 9.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3591:

No stats available

יחזיקו יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חזק

châzaq

Definition

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer; aid, amend, [idiom] calker, catch, cleave, confirm, be constant, constrain, continue, be of good (take) courage(-ous, -ly), encourage (self), be established, fasten, force, fortify, make hard, harden, help, (lay) hold (fast), lean, maintain, play the man, mend, become (wax) mighty, prevail, be recovered, repair, retain, seize, be (wax) sore, strengthen (self), be stout, be (make, shew, wax) strong(-er), be sure, take (hold), be urgent, behave self valiantly, withstand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2388

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָזַק

verb • Strongs / High • Page 472

To bind firmly, fasten, twist together strongly. Can mean: to hang fast to something; to be stout or firm; to make firm, support, or preserve; to be strong, sound, or powerful; to increase.

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Strongs / High • Page 473

To be firm, strong, for executing or maintaining a thing; to be courageous; to be confirmed, of sovereignty; to remain firm; to be stronger than, to conquer; in a bad sense, to be hard, to be obstinate; to overpower, conquer; to lie upon something with force or violence; to hold fast, to seize hold of.

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Strongs / High • Page 1530

to overpower, to compel, to assail with violence, with the accus. ; to oppress; to prevail against.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִזֵּק

pi. v. • Root חזק • Page 221

1. to gird.

חֶזֶק

m. verbal / dec. vi. m. • Root חזק • Page 222

Same as חֹזֶק: strength (Ex. 13:3, 14, 16).

חַזָּק

m. verbal adj. idem. • Root חזק • Page 222

Same as חָזָק: strong, mighty (Ex. 19:19, 2 Sam. 3:1).

חָזַק

verb • Page 221

1. to bind fast, to tie strait. 2. to adhere or stick fast (2 Sam. 18:9, 2 Chr. 31:4, Deut. 12:23). 3. to strengthen, be or become strong (Josh. 17:13, Judg. 1:28, Gen. 41:56, 1 Sam. 17:50, 2 Chr. 8:3). 4. to urge on (Ex. 12:33, Ezek. 3:14, Jer. 20:7). 5. to be recovered from a sickness (Is. 39:1). 6. figuratively, to be firm, strong, undaunted (Deut. 31:7, 23, Dan. 10:19, Judg. 7:11). 7. to be hard, obstinate, inflexible (Mal. 3:13, Ex. 7:13, 22). 8. to be confirmed, established (2 K. 14:5, 2 Chr. 25:3).

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Page 222

To fortify or intrench (2 Chr. 11:11, 12); to repair (2 K. 12:8); to build anew (Neh. 3:19); to strengthen (Judg. 16:28); to heal (Ezek. 34:4, 16); to urge on or inspire with courage (Jer. 23:14, Job 4:3); to support, help, or assist (2 Chr. 29:34, Ezra 6:22); to harden the heart (Ex. 4:21). Hithpa. stem: to be strengthened, confirmed; to gather one’s strength (Gen. 48:2); to take courage (2 Chr. 15:8); to act courageously (2 Sam. 10:12); to oppose (2 Chr. 13:7, 8).

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐκράτησεν κατίσχυσεν ἐκράτησαν ἀνδρίζου κατισχῦσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2388:

ἐκράτησεν 24× (8.3%)

κατίσχυσεν 16× (5.0%)

ἐκράτησαν 10× (3.4%)

ἀνδρίζου 8× (2.8%)

κατισχῦσαι 8× (2.6%)

ἐπελάβετο 8× (2.5%)

ἴσχυε 7× (2.4%)

ἐνίσχυσεν 7× (2.3%)

κατέσχεν 5× (1.7%)

ἰσχύσατε 5× (1.8%)

אכזרי אַכְזָרִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכזרי

ʼakzârîy

Definition

terrible

Root

from H393 (אכזר);

Exhaustive

from אכזר; terrible; cruel (one).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H394

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַכְזָרִי

adjective • Root אכזר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

hard, terrible, cruel

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַכְזָרִי

adjective • Root אכזר • Page 48

1. cruel, unmerciful (Prov. 5:9, 11:17; Jer. 6:23). 2. destructive, pernicious (Prov. 17:11). Often refers to a messenger of destruction or one bringing awful tidings.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0394:

No stats available

המה הֵמָּה

themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הם

hêm

Definition

they (only used when emphatic)

Root

or (prolonged) המה; masculine plural from H1981 (הלך);

Exhaustive

or (prolonged) המה; masculine plural from הלך; they (only used when emphatic); it, like, [idiom] (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, [idiom] so, [idiom] such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1992

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֵם

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 404

Personal pronoun, third person masculine plural: they.

הֵם

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 405

Pronoun of the 3rd person plural masculine, they. Can also be used to express the verb 'to be' or with the article הָהֵם for emphasis, 'they themselves'.

Pronoun personal third person masculine plural

LXX: αὐτοὶ οὗτοι εἰσιν ταῦτα ἐκείναισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1992:

αὐτοὶ 173× (27.9%)

οὗτοι 54× (8.8%)

εἰσιν 48× (7.8%)

ταῦτα 36× (6.1%)

ἐκείναισ 34× (5.8%)

ἐστιν 25× (4.1%)

--- 20× (3.4%)

αὐτῶν 12× (2.0%)

ἦσαν 11× (1.7%)

εἰσίν 11× (1.9%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

ירחמו יְרַחֵמוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רחם

râcham

Definition

to fondle; by implication, to love, especially to compassionate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fondle; by implication, to love, especially to compassionate; have compassion (on, upon), love, (find, have, obtain, shew) mercy(-iful, on, upon), (have) pity, Ruhamah, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7355

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָחַם

puh • Strongs / High • Page 1334

To find mercy or compassion.

רָחַם

verb intransitive • Root רחמ • Strongs / High • Page 1334

To tarry over a thing, to foster a thing, to cherish; hence to brood, incubate, fovere.

רָחַם

verb intransitive • Root רחמ • Strongs / High • Page 1334

To be variegated.

רָחַם

verb • Root רחם • Strongs / High • Page 1333

I. 1. prop. to be attached to, friendly, united with; hence poet. to love. 2. to be tender, mild, soft; metaphor. to be tender, gracious, compassionate, merciful.

Verb Piel imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐλεήσω ἐλεήσει οἰκτιρήσω ἐλεῆσαι αὐτοὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7355:

ἐλεήσω 9× (17.6%)

ἐλεήσει 5× (9.9%)

οἰκτιρήσω 3× (6.0%)

ἐλεῆσαι 3× (5.3%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (4.4%)

οἰκτιρήσει 2× (3.9%)

οἰκτίρησεν 2× (3.9%)

ἐλεῶν 2× (3.9%)

αὐτούσ 2× (3.2%)

קולם קוֹלָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קול

qôwl

Definition

a voice or sound

Root

or קל; from an unused root meaning to call aloud;

Exhaustive

or קל; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a voice or sound; [phrase] aloud, bleating, crackling, cry ([phrase] out), fame, lightness, lowing, noise, [phrase] hold peace, (pro-) claim, proclamation, [phrase] sing, sound, [phrase] spark, thunder(-ing), voice, [phrase] yell.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6963

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוֹל

noun masculine • Root קול • Strongs / High • Page 1266

1. the voice, expressing various human feelings (joy, sorrow, rage), or the voice of speakers or God. 2. the voice or cry of animals (bleating, roaring). 3. the sound, noise, rattle, crack, crash, of inanimate things, especially thunder.

קוֹל

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1267

Voice, sound, utterance, word. Used in various contexts including weeping, crying, shouting for joy, proclaiming, singing, roaring, thundering, giving hearing, listening, obeying, and making known.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוֹל

noun masculine plural • Page 583

1. a voice. Ps. 142: 2. In the accusative with (all) my voice, i. e. with a loud voice. קוֹל יְהוָה the voice of Jehovah, i. e. the thunder, Ps. 29: 3 ff. נָתַן קוֹל to lift up one’s voice, Gen. 45: 2. to call to, Prov. 2: 3. to proclaim in a country, 2 Chr. 24: 9. 2. a report, rumour. Gen. 45: 16. 3. a sound, noise, of inanimate things. 2 Sam. 15: 10. Ezek. 1: 24.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: φωνῆσ φωνὴν φωνὴ φωνῇ φωνήν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6963a:

φωνῆσ 153× (26.1%)

φωνὴν 127× (24.6%)

φωνὴ 91× (18.5%)

φωνῇ 51× (9.9%)

φωνήν 18× (3.4%)

--- 11× (2.4%)

φωνή 8× (1.5%)

'' 7× (1.3%)

αὐτῆσ 6× (1.0%)

---% 6× (0.9%)

כים כַּיָּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

יהמה יֶהֱמה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

המה

hâmâh

Definition

to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor

Root

a primitive root (compare H1949 (הום));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הום); to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor; clamorous, concourse, cry aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise, rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be in an uproar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1993

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָמָה

verb • Root המם • Strongs / High • Page 405

To hum, buzz, utter sounds; specifically to growl (as a bear), snarl (as a dog), coo (as a dove), groan, complain, roar (as waves), rage (as floods), to be noisy or in an uproar.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָמָה

verb • Page 189

1. to make a noise, to bluster, to rage, to roar, to be in commotion; spoken of waves, great multitudes of people (Ps. 46:4, Is. 17:12). 2. applied figuratively to emotions in the soul, such as anguish, sorrow, compassion (Ps. 42:6, 12, Jer. 4:19, Is. 16:11).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: συνταράσσεισ ἠχήσει ἤχησαν κυμαίνουσα λιμώξουσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1993:

συνταράσσεισ 3× (7.0%)

ἠχήσει 2× (5.5%)

ἤχησαν 2× (5.5%)

κυμαίνουσα 2× (5.1%)

λιμώξουσιν 2× (4.7%)

ועל וְעַל־

and upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

סוסים סוּסים

horses

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סוס

çûwç

Definition

a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight)

Root

or סס; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly, for joy);

Exhaustive

or סס; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly, for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight); crane, horse (-back, -hoof). Compare פרש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5483

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סוּס

verb • Root סוס • Strongs / High • Page 1012

(not used) intr. according to the Rabbins same as שׁוּט to leap, to frolic, hence to gallop, of a horse. (Fundamental signification: moveable, quick, swift, nimble).

סוּס

noun masculine • Root סוס • Strongs / High • Page 1012

1. A horse (plur. סוּסִים), coupled with מַכּוֹל and חֲמֹר. Particularly a war-horse, whose shaking, main, galloping, snorting and eagerness for battle are described (Job 39). Metonymically, cavalry.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סוּס

m. dec. i. • Page 471

1. a horse. Gen. 47: 17. Is. 2: 7. 2. a swallow. Is. 38: 14. Jer. 8: 7.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἵππων ἵππον ἵππουσ ἵπποι ἵπποσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5483b:

ἵππων 31× (19.7%)

ἵππον 23× (14.9%)

ἵππουσ 23× (14.3%)

ἵπποι 21× (13.2%)

ἵπποσ 11× (7.0%)

ἵππου 10× (6.7%)

ἵπποισ 9× (5.4%)

ὡσ 6× (4.2%)

pἐφ' 3× (2.1%)

ἵππῳ 3× (2.0%)

ירכבו יִרְכָּבוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רכב

râkab

Definition

to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch; bring (on (horse-) back), carry, get (oneself) up, on (horse-) back, put, (cause to, make to) ride (in a chariot, on, -r), set.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7392

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָכַב

verb • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 735

To ride.

רָכַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1337

I. or רָקַב (part. רֹכֵב, inf. constr. רְכֹב, imp. רְכַב, fut. יִרְכַּב) intr. prop. to lie upon, to be bent, on a thing. Aram. רְכַב the same.

רָכַב

verb • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 1338

To ride (Latin vehi), usually with 'al (על) of the animal; also, to proceed along. (Hifil means 'to cause to ride or proceed,' 'to subdue,' or 'to tame,' metaphorically.)

רָכַב

verb • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 1338

To fit together, to fit in, to bind, unite, into a troop; in modern Hebrew, to put together, to inoculate, to cram.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָכַב

verb • Page 618

1. to ride, on the back of an animal. 2. to ride, in a vehicle. Hiph. to cause to ride, on the back of an animal.

רַכָּב

noun masculine • Root רכב • Page 619

1. a horseman. 2 K. 9:17. 2. a charioteer, driver of a war chariot. 1 K. 22:34.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπιβεβηκότεσ ἀναβάτην ἀναβάται ἀνεβίβασεν ἐπιβεβηκὼσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7392:

ἐπιβεβηκότεσ 6× (7.6%)

ἀναβάτην 5× (5.5%)

ἀναβάται 4× (5.1%)

ἀνεβίβασεν 4× (4.9%)

ἐπιβεβηκὼσ 3× (3.8%)

ἐπεκάθισαν 3× (3.4%)

ἐπέβη 3× (3.4%)

ἀναβάτασ 2× (2.5%)

ἐπεβίβασεν 2× (2.3%)

ἐπιβεβηκότι 2× (2.3%)

ערוך עָר֗וּךְ

he who is arranged/set in order

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערך

ʻârak

Definition

to set in a row, i.e. arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to set in a row, i.e. arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications); put (set) (the battle, self) in array, compare, direct, equal, esteem, estimate, expert (in war), furnish, handle, join (battle), ordain, (lay, put, reckon up, set) (in) order, prepare, tax, value.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6186

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָרַךְ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1134

Tr. to place in a row, to set in order, to put in order. To prepare a table or war. To set a cause (self-defence) in order, to prepare words against one, to set over against, to compare with, to set an equal value upon, to outweigh, to establish. Hifil: to value, to estimate.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶרֶךְ

noun masculine • Root ערך • Page 528

1. Whatever is arranged or put in order, a row (Ex. 40:23). 2. Armour (Job 41:4). 3. Valuation, estimation (Lev. 27:2). 4. Price of valuation, worth generally (Lev. 27:4, Job 28:13).

עָרַךְ

verb • Page 527

1. to set right, to arrange, prepare; e. g. the wood upon the altar, the shew-bread, the table for a feast, armour for battle. 2. to prepare or utter words.

עָרַךְ

verb • Page 528

To set in order, arrange. Sense 2: To put or set one’s self in battle-array (Judg. 20:30). Sense 3: To compare, liken (Is. 40:18). Sense 4: (Hiph.) To value, esteem, appraise (Job 36:19, Lev. 27:8).

Verb Qal participle passive masculine singular absolute

LXX: παρετάξαντο τιμήσεται παρετάξατο ἰσωθήσεται παρατάσσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H6186a:

παρετάξαντο 10× (12.0%)

τιμήσεται 5× (6.3%)

παρετάξατο 4× (4.9%)

ἰσωθήσεται 3× (4.2%)

παρατάσσονται 3× (3.7%)

ἐπιστοιβάσουσιν 3× (3.5%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

παρατάξασθαι 2× (2.8%)

ἡτοίμασα 2× (2.8%)

---% 2× (1.9%)

כאיש כְּאִישׁ

as a man

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

למלחמה לַמִּלְחָמָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלחמה

milchâmâh

Definition

a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)

Root

from H3898 (לחם) (in the sense of fighting);

Exhaustive

from לחם (in the sense of fighting); a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare); battle, fight(-ing), war(-rior).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 856

war, fight, strife.

מִלְחָמָה

noun / feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 857

War, battle. Figuratively used for warriors, weapons of war, armour, antagonism, opposition, a hostile house, and the reward of battle or victory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Page 379

1. War; עָשָׂה מִלְחָמָה to carry on war. אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה a man of war. 2. Battle, slaughter (Ex. 13:17). 3. By metonymy, a weapon (Ps. 76:4).

Preposition -For/Into Art, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: πόλεμον πόλεμοσ πολέμου πολέμῳ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4421:

πόλεμον 114× (34.5%)

πόλεμοσ 44× (13.5%)

πολέμου 34× (10.7%)

πολέμῳ 25× (6.7%)

'' 12× (3.5%)

πολεμιστὴσ 9× (2.9%)

πολεμισταὶ 9× (2.8%)

πολεμιστῶν 6× (1.8%)

pεἰσ 5× (1.7%)

πολεμισταί 5× (1.6%)

עליך עָלַיִךְ

upon yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

בת בַּת־

a built one/daughter

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בת

bath

Definition

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Root

from H1129 (בנה) (as feminine of H1121 (בן));

Exhaustive

from בנה (as feminine of בן); a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively); apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1323

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בנן • Strongs / High • Page 929

Daughter. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form בַּנְתְּ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בן • Page 120

1. daughter; freq. 2. granddaughter, female descendant. Gen. 36:2. also used with names of cities to denote female inhabitants. 3. poetic personification of cities and countries (e.g. daughter of Tyre, daughter of Babylon). Is. 47:1, 5. Jer. 46:11. 4. daughters of a city, i. e. small villages under its jurisdiction. Num. 21:25, 32. 5. various idiomatic phrases: daughter of ninety years (ninety years old), a wicked or vile woman, daughters of song (singing birds), daughter of the eye (apple of the eye).

בַּת

noun masculine • Page 120

a bath, a measure for liquids, containing the tenth part of a homer. 1 K. 7:26, 38. Ezek. 45:10.

בַּת

chald. • Page 120

i. q. Heb. בַּת a bath. Ezra 7:22.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: θυγατέρεσ θυγάτηρ θυγατέρασ θυγατέρα θυγατέρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1323:

θυγατέρεσ 90× (14.6%)

θυγάτηρ 89× (15.5%)

θυγατέρασ 82× (12.3%)

θυγατέρα 65× (10.8%)

θυγατέρων 54× (8.0%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (4.9%)

θυγατρὸσ 35× (6.0%)

θύγατερ 30× (5.6%)

θυγατρὶ 18× (3.0%)

'' 16× (2.5%)

בבל בָּבֶל׃

Confusion ("Babel")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בבל

Bâbel

Definition

Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire

Root

from H1101 (בלל); confusion;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H894

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּבֶל

noun proper • Root בלל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 217

Babylon, metropolis of the Babylonian-Chaldean empire on the Euphrates; 2. as the name of the Assyrian empire; 3. a name of Persia.

בָּבֶל

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

The same [as Hebrew Babel], used of the city or province.

בָּבֶ֫לָה

proper noun with locative he • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

to Babylon

בִּבְלִי

particle • Root בלי • Lemma_Lookup • Page 248

Before a noun, properly nothing but an intensive בְּלִי, without

בַּבְלָי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

Babylonian, i.e. belonging to the city of Babel.

זְרֻבָּבֶל

noun proper • Root זרב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 443

Proper name, one of the descendants of David in Babylonia, who led back the first Jewish colony to Palestine. Possibly means 'shoot of Babylon'.

זְרוּבָבֶל

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 443

see זְרֻבָּבֶל.

מִבְּבֶ֫לָה

adverb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

from Babylon (with directional sense)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּבֶל

noun feminine • Root בלל • Page 85

Babel, Babylon, the celebrated metropolis of Babylonia on the Euphrates (Gen. 11:9). Signifies 'confusion'.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0894:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
They shall hold the bow and the javelin: they are fierce, and they will not pity: their voice shall sound as the sea, and they shall ride upon horses, being arranged as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Babel.

LITV Translation:
They lay hold of a bow and a javelin, they shall be cruel and will show no mercy. Their voice shall roar like the sea, and arrayed like a man for the battle, they shall ride on horses against you, O daughter of Babylon.