Jeremiah 44:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וכי וְכִי־

and that

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Conjunction, Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

אנחנו אֲנַחְנוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אנחנו

ʼănachnûw

Definition

we

Root

apparently from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

apparently from אנכי; we; ourselves, us, we.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H587

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנַחְנוּ

pronoun personal • Strongs_Numbers • Page 161

We; in use exclusively as the plural of אֲנִי and אָנֹכִי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנַ֫חְנוּ

pronoun • Page 61

we. Once Jer. 42:6. Keth. which is the true reading, for the Keri אֲנַחְנוּ is only a gloss which has substituted the usual form for the unusual form.

Pronoun personal first person both plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0587:

No stats available

מקטרים מְקַטְּרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קטר

qâṭar

Definition

to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)

Root

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of fumigation in a close place and perhaps thus driving out the occupants);

Exhaustive

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of fumigation in a close place and perhaps thus driving out the occupants); to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship); burn (incense, sacrifice) (upon), (altar for) incense, kindle, offer (incense, a sacrifice).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6999

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָטַר

verb • Root קטר • Strongs / High • Page 1273

I. Intransitive verb (Kal not used): to breathe, to exhale, to give fragrance of sweet scents; to smoke.

קָטַר

verb • Root קטר • Strongs / High • Page 1274

To burn incense, to kindle incense; commonly and generally to sacrifice, to offer sacrifice, to worship, or to diffuse a sweet smell (Qal stem, root I).

קָטַר

verb • Root קטר • Strongs / High • Page 1274

To bind, to attach to, to bridge over, to join (Root II).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶטֶר

noun • Root קטר • Page 586

Found only in the plur. knots; particularly joints (Dan. 5:6); metaphorically difficult problems (Dan. 5:12, 16).

קָטַר

verb • Root קטר • Page 586

To emit fragrance. In Pi. to burn incense in honour of a god (Jer. 7:9, 11:13). In Hiph. to burn incense or victim (Ex. 29:18, Lev. 1:9). In Hoph. pass. (Lev. 6:15).

קָטַר

adjective • Page 586

Found only Ezek. 46:22: קְטֻרוֹת prob. uncovered courts.

Verb Piel participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀνοίσει θυμιᾶν ἐθυμίασαν ἐθυμίων ἐπιθήσει

LXX Usage Statistics

H6999a:

ἀνοίσει 13× (10.7%)

θυμιᾶν 12× (10.3%)

ἐθυμίασαν 8× (7.0%)

ἐθυμίων 8× (6.6%)

ἐπιθήσει 8× (6.5%)

ἀνήνεγκεν 5× (4.1%)

ἐθυμία 5× (4.0%)

θυμιῶσιν 4× (3.6%)

θυμιάσαι 4× (3.6%)

θυμιάσει 4× (3.4%)

למלכת לִמְלֶכֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלכת

mᵉleketh

Definition

a queen

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a queen; queen.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4446

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְלֶכֶת

noun feminine • Root מלכה • Strongs / High • Page 861

Queen, only in combination with הַשָּׁמַיִם (queen of heaven), a designation of the Asiatic, originally Egyptian, deity Artemis.

מְלֶכֶת

noun proper feminine • Strongs / High • Page 861

A deity, Mlechet or Neit, sometimes worshipped under the image of the moon, sometimes under that of Venus; also identified with עַשְׁתֹּרֶת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְלֶכֶת

noun feminine • Page 381

Found only in Jer. 7: 18, etc., in the phrase מְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם (the queen of heaven), an object of idolatrous worship, perhaps Astarte or the moon.

Preposition, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: βασιλίσσῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4446:

βασιλίσσῃ 4× (80.0%)

השמים הַשָּׁמַיִם

the Dual-Heavenly Ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמים

shâmayim

Definition

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)

Root

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty;

Exhaustive

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve); air, [idiom] astrologer, heaven(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8064

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

m. pl. • Root שמה • Strongs / High • Page 1446

properly height, high district (from שָׁמָה II); or the shining one, the light-producer; the circular heaven like a thin covering (רָקִיעַ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

masc. plur. const. שְׁמֵי • Root שמה , • Page 685

the heaven or heavens. Gen. 1: 1. 2: 1. 14: 19, 22. The Hebrews conceived of heaven as a solid arch resting on pillars (Job 26: 11), having foundations (2 Sam. 22: 8) and a gate (Gen. 28: 17).

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: οὐρανοῦ οὐρανὸν οὐρανὸσ οὐρανῷ οὐρανόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8064:

οὐρανοῦ 201× (41.8%)

οὐρανὸν 66× (13.3%)

οὐρανὸσ 32× (6.4%)

οὐρανῷ 30× (5.5%)

οὐρανόν 28× (5.5%)

οὐρανοῦ 20× (4.2%)

οὐρανῶν 11× (2.3%)

'' 10× (2.1%)

pεἰσ 8× (2.0%)

οὐρανοὶ 8× (1.7%)

ולהסך וּלְהַסֵּךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נסך

nâçak

Definition

to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint aking

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint aking; cover, melt, offer, (cause to) pour (out), set (up).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5258

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with יָסַךְ, showing y/n interchange.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 975

I. To pour out, as a libation, to worship; to dedicate, to appoint; to smelt, to cast molten images. Forms include Niphal (to be appointed), Piel/Hiphil (to pour out), and Hophal (to be poured out).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 975

II. To weave, to intertwine, to knot. Hence: 1. to cover, to veil. 2. to enter into an association, to make a covenant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָסַךְ

verb • Page 446

I. To pour, to pour out (Is. 29:10); to make a covenant; to melt, cast, found (Is. 40:19, 44:10); to anoint a king (Ps. 2:6).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root סכך • Page 446

II. To cover (Is. 25:7). Equivalent to the kindred root סָכַךְ.

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔσπεισαν σπείσεισ ἔσπεισεν σπένδειν ἐσπείσαμεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5258a:

ἔσπεισαν 4× (15.4%)

σπείσεισ 3× (13.0%)

ἔσπεισεν 3× (11.1%)

σπένδειν 2× (7.4%)

ἐσπείσαμεν 2× (7.4%)

לה לָהּ

to herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

נסכים נְסָכים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נסך

neçek

Definition

a libation; also a cast idol

Root

or נסך; from H5258 (נסך);

Exhaustive

or נסך; from נסך; a libation; also a cast idol; cover, drink offering, molten image.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5262

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְסַךְ

aramaic verb (aramaic) • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

Aramaic verb, same as Hebrew נָסַךְ I, to pour out. The Pael form (נַסֵּךְ) means to sacrifice, to dedicate.

נְסַךְ

aramaic masc. (aramaic) • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

A libation, drink-offering.

נֵסֶךְ

noun masculine • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

1. A molten image. 2. What is poured out, a libation, a drink-offering. 3. One dedicated or appointed, hence a sovereign, ruler, prince.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 929

A root that interchanges with יָסַךְ, showing y/n interchange.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

I. To pour out, as a libation, to worship; to dedicate, to appoint; to smelt, to cast molten images. Forms include Niphal (to be appointed), Piel/Hiphil (to pour out), and Hophal (to be poured out).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

II. To weave, to intertwine, to knot. Hence: 1. to cover, to veil. 2. to enter into an association, to make a covenant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶסֶךְ

noun masculine • Root נסך • Page 446

A drink-offering (Gen. 35:14, Jer. 7:18); a molten image (Is. 41:29, 48:5).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: σπονδὴν σπονδὰσ σπονδαὶ σπονδὴ σπονδάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5262:

σπονδὴν 18× (34.2%)

σπονδὰσ 9× (19.4%)

σπονδαὶ 9× (14.8%)

σπονδὴ 5× (9.3%)

σπονδάσ 2× (4.7%)

ἐχώνευσαν 2× (4.7%)

המבלעדי הֲמִבַּלְעֲדֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

ha

Definition

? (interrog.)

Root

Interrogative particle

Exhaustive

the / or (interrog. particle)

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בלעדי

bilʻădêy

Definition

except, without, besides

Root

or בלעדי; constructive plural from H1077 (בל) and H5703 (עד), not till, i.e. (as preposition or adverb)

Exhaustive

or בלעדי; constructive plural from בל and עד, not till, i.e. (as preposition or adverb); except, without, besides; beside, not (in), save, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1107

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִבַּלְעֲדֵי

preposition • Root בלעדי • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

Compounded form: besides the man; beside me.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּלְעֲדֵי and בַּלְעֲדֵי

preposition • Root בל עדי • Page 102

Compounded of בַּל not, and עַד, עֲדֵי to. 1. properly *non ad, nihil ad*. Gen. 41:16. it is not in me. 2. *besides*. Job 34:32. 3. *without*. Gen. 41:44. More frequently מִבַּלְעֲדֵי (1.) *besides* Ps. 18:32. (2.) *without* Is. 36:10.

Particle interrogative, Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πλὴν ἄνευ ἐμοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1107:

πλὴν 9× (40.3%)

ἄνευ 6× (24.8%)

ἐμοῦ 5× (19.0%)

אנשינו אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אנוש

ʼĕnôwsh

Definition

a man in general (singly or collectively)

Root

from H605 (אנש); properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified H120 (אדם)); hence,

Exhaustive

from אנש; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified אדם); hence,; a man in general (singly or collectively); another, [idiom] (blood-) thirsty, certain, chap(-man); divers, fellow, [idiom] in the flower of their age, husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some ([idiom] of them), [phrase] stranger, those, [phrase] their trade. It is often unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in apposition with another word. Compare איש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H582

נו

Definition

our, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9025

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 160

A poetical expression for man, collectively spoken of the human race; also denotes mortal, decaying man, or particularly low-minded, corrupt man.

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 161

Proper name of a grandson of Adam, a son of Seth; in the antediluvian tradition an original conception of the primitive man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

m. prim. • Page 61

man, also collect. men. Found only poetically in Job, Isaiah, and the Psalms, except 2 Chr. 14:11. The prose expression is אָדָם.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0582:

No stats available

עשינו עָשִׂינוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

Verb Qal perfect first person common plural

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

לה לָהּ

to herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

כונים כַּוָּנִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כון

kavvân

Definition

something prepared, i.e. a sacrificial wafer

Root

from H3559 (כון);

Exhaustive

from כון; something prepared, i.e. a sacrificial wafer; cake.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3561

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נ

letter • Consonantal / Low • Page 930

The fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, Nûn. The lexicon describes its various morphological functions, including its role as a formative prefix and postfix in nouns and verbs, its interchangeability with other letters, and its use in various word endings such as -an, -ôn, and -en.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כַּוָּן

noun masculine • Root כון כון • Page 312

A small cake or wafer, offered to the Gods, libum, πόπανον. Mentioned in Jer. 7:18; 44:19.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: χαυῶνασ t?

LXX Usage Statistics

H3561:

χαυῶνασ 2× (54.1%)

t? 2× (45.9%)

להעצבה לְהַעֲצִבָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עצב

ʻâtsab

Definition

properly, to carve, i.e. fabricate or fashion; hence (in a bad sense) to worry, pain or anger

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to carve, i.e. fabricate or fashion; hence (in a bad sense) to worry, pain or anger; displease, grieve, hurt, make, be sorry, vex, worship, wrest.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6087

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָצַב

verb • Root עצב • Strongs / High • Page 1075

(not used) tr. to bind, to tie, in knots; metaphorically, to cogitate, think, devise.

עָצַב

verb qal • Strongs / High • Page 1119

1. Not used) tr. prop. to cut, to divide, to carve, hence to form, work, fashion. 2. metaphor. to pain, to afflict, to grieve, with accus. of object.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָצַב

verb • Page 520

1. To labour, make, form. 2. To suffer pain. 3. To be pained or distressed in mind, to grieve, to afflict (1 K. 1: 6, Is. 54: 6). Pi.: to make, form (Job 10: 8); to grieve, vex (Is. 63: 10). Hiph.: to cite to anger (Ps. 78: 40); to worship (Jer. 44: 19). Hithpa.: to grieve or trouble one's self (Gen. 6: 6).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6087b:

No stats available

והסך וְהַסֵּךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נסך

nâçak

Definition

to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint aking

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint aking; cover, melt, offer, (cause to) pour (out), set (up).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5258

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with יָסַךְ, showing y/n interchange.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 975

I. To pour out, as a libation, to worship; to dedicate, to appoint; to smelt, to cast molten images. Forms include Niphal (to be appointed), Piel/Hiphil (to pour out), and Hophal (to be poured out).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Strongs / High • Page 975

II. To weave, to intertwine, to knot. Hence: 1. to cover, to veil. 2. to enter into an association, to make a covenant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָסַךְ

verb • Page 446

I. To pour, to pour out (Is. 29:10); to make a covenant; to melt, cast, found (Is. 40:19, 44:10); to anoint a king (Ps. 2:6).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root סכך • Page 446

II. To cover (Is. 25:7). Equivalent to the kindred root סָכַךְ.

Conjunction, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔσπεισαν σπείσεισ ἔσπεισεν σπένδειν ἐσπείσαμεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5258a:

ἔσπεισαν 4× (15.4%)

σπείσεισ 3× (13.0%)

ἔσπεισεν 3× (11.1%)

σπένδειν 2× (7.4%)

ἐσπείσαμεν 2× (7.4%)

לה לָהּ

to herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

נסכיםפ נְסָכִים׃פ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נסך

neçek

Definition

a libation; also a cast idol

Root

or נסך; from H5258 (נסך);

Exhaustive

or נסך; from נסך; a libation; also a cast idol; cover, drink offering, molten image.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5262

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְסַךְ

aramaic verb (aramaic) • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

Aramaic verb, same as Hebrew נָסַךְ I, to pour out. The Pael form (נַסֵּךְ) means to sacrifice, to dedicate.

נְסַךְ

aramaic masc. (aramaic) • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

A libation, drink-offering.

נֵסֶךְ

noun masculine • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

1. A molten image. 2. What is poured out, a libation, a drink-offering. 3. One dedicated or appointed, hence a sovereign, ruler, prince.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 929

A root that interchanges with יָסַךְ, showing y/n interchange.

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

I. To pour out, as a libation, to worship; to dedicate, to appoint; to smelt, to cast molten images. Forms include Niphal (to be appointed), Piel/Hiphil (to pour out), and Hophal (to be poured out).

נָסַךְ

verb • Root נסך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 975

II. To weave, to intertwine, to knot. Hence: 1. to cover, to veil. 2. to enter into an association, to make a covenant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶסֶךְ

noun masculine • Root נסך • Page 446

A drink-offering (Gen. 35:14, Jer. 7:18); a molten image (Is. 41:29, 48:5).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: σπονδὴν σπονδὰσ σπονδαὶ σπονδὴ σπονδάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5262:

σπονδὴν 18× (34.2%)

σπονδὰσ 9× (19.4%)

σπονδαὶ 9× (14.8%)

σπονδὴ 5× (9.3%)

σπονδάσ 2× (4.7%)

ἐχώνευσαν 2× (4.7%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And when we burn incense to the queen of the heavens, and pour out libations to her, did we without our men make cakes to her, to serve her, and pour out libations to her?

LITV Translation:
And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven and poured out drink offerings to her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings to her, without our men?

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And where are your prophets who prophesied to you saying, The king of Babylon shall not come against this land?