Jeremiah 32:33

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויפנו וַיִּפְנוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנה

pânâh

Definition

to turn; by implication, to face, i.e. appear, look, etc.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn; by implication, to face, i.e. appear, look, etc.; appear, at (even-) tide, behold, cast out, come on, [idiom] corner, dawning, empty, go away, lie, look, mark, pass away, prepare, regard, (have) respect (to), (re-) turn (aside, away, back, face, self), [idiom] right (early).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6437

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָפֶן

noun • Root יפן • Consonantal / Low • Page 630

Adopted for the noun חֹפֶן; but see הוֹפֶן.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנָה

verb • Page 545

1. to turn, to turn away (Deut. 30:17). 2. to look (Ex. 2:12). 3. trans. as in Hiph. to turn, incline. Includes derivatives in Pi. (to destroy, clear), Hiph. (to turn, incline), and Hoph. (to be turned).

פִּנָּה

noun feminine • Page 546

1. A corner (Prov. 7:8, Ps. 118:22, Job 38:6). 2. A battlement in a wall, pinna (2 Chr. 26:15, Zeph. 1:16). 3. Figuratively the head or leader of a people (Ps. 118:22, Is. 19:13, Zech. 10:4, Judg. 20:2).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπέβλεψεν βλέποντεσ ἐπίβλεψον ἐπιβλέποντεσ ἐπιστράφητε

LXX Usage Statistics

H6437:

ἐπέβλεψεν 9× (6.5%)

βλέποντεσ 5× (4.1%)

ἐπίβλεψον 4× (3.3%)

ἐπιβλέποντεσ 4× (3.3%)

ἐπιστράφητε 4× (3.3%)

ἐπέστρεψαν 4× (3.0%)

ἐπιστραφέντεσ 4× (2.9%)

βλέπουσαν 4× (2.9%)

βλεπούσησ 4× (2.9%)

ἐπιβλέπουσα 3× (2.5%)

אלי אֵלַי

toward myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

ערף עֹרֶף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערף

ʻôreph

Definition

the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)

Root

from H6202 (ערף);

Exhaustive

from ערף; the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative); back ((stiff-) neck((-ed).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6203

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֹרֶף

noun masculine • Root ערף • Strongs / High • Page 1137

The neck, nape, of animals and of men; properly an inclining, nodding thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֹרֶף

m. dec. vi. • Page 529

m. prim. the neck. Lev. 5: 8. Phrases include: turn the back (2 Chr. 29: 6), to turn the back to a person (Jer. 2: 27), to flee (Josh. 7: 12), and stiff-necked (Ps. 18: 41).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τράχηλον νῶτον αὐχένα σκληροτράχηλοσ σκληροτράχηλόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6203:

τράχηλον 8× (22.0%)

νῶτον 6× (18.3%)

αὐχένα 3× (9.9%)

σκληροτράχηλοσ 2× (6.6%)

σκληροτράχηλόσ 2× (6.6%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

פנים פָנים

faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

ולמד וְלַמֵּד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

למד

lâmad

Definition

properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive); (un-) accustomed, [idiom] diligently, expert, instruct, learn, skilful, teach(-er, -ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָמַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 788

(Kal) Intransitive: properly to meditate, to think, to imagine; hence to learn, to study, to receive (by understanding and meditation), to practice, to be accustomed to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָמֶד

letter name / prefix • Page 336

The twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, denoting 30 as a numerical sign. It also functions as a prefix preposition (i.q. אֶל), most frequently as a sign of the dative case or to form a periphrasis for the genitive (1 Sam. 14:16, Ezek. 1:2).

לָמַד

verb • Page 347

1. To accustom one's self to any thing (Jer. 10:2). 2. To learn (Deut. 14:23, Is. 1:17). Piel: to teach (2 Chr. 17:7, Ps. 71:17). Pual: to be accustomed, inured (Hos. 10:11), or to be taught, skilful (Cant. 3:8).

Conjunction, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: δίδαξόν διδάσκων διδάξαι μάθωσιν διδάξωσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3925:

δίδαξόν 11× (12.4%)

διδάσκων 5× (5.3%)

διδάξαι 5× (5.3%)

μάθωσιν 4× (4.6%)

διδάξωσιν 4× (4.6%)

δεδιδαγμένοι 3× (3.3%)

διδάξω 3× (3.5%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (2.6%)

μάθῃ 2× (2.3%)

ἐδίδαξαν 2× (2.3%)

אתם אֹתָם

your/their eternal selves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

השכם הַשְׁכֵּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שכם

shâkam

Definition

literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e. to start early in the morning

Root

a primitive root; properly, to incline (the shoulder to a burden); but used only as denominative from H7926 (שכם);

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to incline (the shoulder to a burden); but used only as denominative from שכם; literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e. to start early in the morning; (arise, be up, get (oneself) up, rise up) early (betimes), morning.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הַשְׁכֵּם

infinitive absolute • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1423

Translated as an adverb: early, zealously. (Infinitive absolute used adverbially).

מִגְדַּל־שֶׁכֶם

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 806

The name of a place, so called from its pointed form.

שְׁכֵם

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1423

1. The back, same as שֶׁכֶם; hence 'to make one turn the back'. 2. Proper name of a priestly city (Shechem) and a place of asylum.

שְׁכֶם

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1423

1. The back, shoulder, shoulder-blade (often metaphor for oppressive dominion). 2. Burden, task (the part where the load is laid). 3. Metaphor: ridge of a hill, mountain-tract. 4. Proper name: Shechem (a territory/city).

שֶׁכֶם

noun masculine • Root שכם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1422

Properly what is bent or bowed. 1. The back/neck/shoulder inclined for carrying a burden. Fig.: the duties of ruling. 2. Figurative: the part of the body which is struck (by a stick).

שָׁכַם

verb • Root שכם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1422

(Kal not used) To bend, to incline oneself, in the neck and back; to be bent, bowed, of a shoulder bearing a burden.

Verb Hiphil infinitive absolute

LXX: ὤρθρισεν ὤρθρισαν ὄρθρου ὄρθρισον ὀρθρίσασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7925:

ὤρθρισεν 13× (18.7%)

ὤρθρισαν 7× (9.9%)

ὄρθρου 6× (9.8%)

ὄρθρισον 4× (6.7%)

ὀρθρίσασ 4× (5.9%)

'' 4× (5.7%)

ἀνέστη 3× (4.8%)

ἀναστὰσ 2× (3.3%)

ὀρθρίζων 2× (3.3%)

ὀρθρινὴ 2× (3.3%)

ולמד וְלַמֵּד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

למד

lâmad

Definition

properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive); (un-) accustomed, [idiom] diligently, expert, instruct, learn, skilful, teach(-er, -ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָמַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 788

(Kal) Intransitive: properly to meditate, to think, to imagine; hence to learn, to study, to receive (by understanding and meditation), to practice, to be accustomed to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָמֶד

letter name / prefix • Page 336

The twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, denoting 30 as a numerical sign. It also functions as a prefix preposition (i.q. אֶל), most frequently as a sign of the dative case or to form a periphrasis for the genitive (1 Sam. 14:16, Ezek. 1:2).

לָמַד

verb • Page 347

1. To accustom one's self to any thing (Jer. 10:2). 2. To learn (Deut. 14:23, Is. 1:17). Piel: to teach (2 Chr. 17:7, Ps. 71:17). Pual: to be accustomed, inured (Hos. 10:11), or to be taught, skilful (Cant. 3:8).

Conjunction, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: δίδαξόν διδάσκων διδάξαι μάθωσιν διδάξωσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3925:

δίδαξόν 11× (12.4%)

διδάσκων 5× (5.3%)

διδάξαι 5× (5.3%)

μάθωσιν 4× (4.6%)

διδάξωσιν 4× (4.6%)

δεδιδαγμένοι 3× (3.3%)

διδάξω 3× (3.5%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (2.6%)

μάθῃ 2× (2.3%)

ἐδίδαξαν 2× (2.3%)

ואינם וְאֵינָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אין

ʼayin

Definition

a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle

Root

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist;

Exhaustive

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle; else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare אין.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H369

ם

Definition

they, subject pronoun - subject 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9048

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַיִן

adverb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

I. Interrogative adverb: where? Correlative to the words אָן and אֵי.

אַיִן

adv. / adjective • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

II. A word of negation; primitive meaning sometimes an adverb (not, non), sometimes an adjective (none).

אַיִן

substantive / adv. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 116

Nothing, not, there is not; negation of existence. (Absolute state)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵין

substantive / adv. of negation • Root אין • Page 45

Properly a substantive meaning nothingness, defect, or non-existence. Used as an adverb of negation: 1. not, including the verb 'to be' (Gen. 37:29, Num. 14:42). 2. Used to signify 'to not be' or 'not to exist' (1 Sam. 9:4, 1 K. 18:10). 3. nothing (Ps. 19:7). 4. without (Ex. 21:11, Joel 1:6). 5. Combined with prepositions (Prov. 8:24, Ezek. 38:11).

אֵין

adv. of interr. • Root אי • Page 45

Where? Equivalent to אֵי or אַי with paragogic ן. Found only with the prefix מִ, as in מֵאַיִן meaning 'whence?' (Gen. 29:4).

אֵין

adverb • Page 45

Found only in 1 Sam. 21:9. Equivalent to the negative אֵין, but used interrogatively for הַאֵין meaning 'is there not?'.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0369:

No stats available

שמעים שֹׁמְעים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמע

shâmaʻ

Definition

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8085

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַע

verb • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 755

to listen to, hearken

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1450

I. To give ear to, to hear, attend; generally with an accusative of the thing or person; to be an ear-witness; to hear with pleasure; to hear of God; to obey.

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1451

To hear (absol. or with accusative); to obey, to follow; metaphorically, to understand, to be intelligent, to be attentive; to get knowledge of, to hear a call.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַע and שָׁמֵעַ

verb • Root שמע • Page 687

1. to hear; to hearken, obey (Job 26:14, Ps. 92:12, Gen. 23:8, Ex. 24:7). 2. to understand (Gen. 11:7, 42:23). Also includes Niph. (to be heard), Pi. (to cause to hear, summon), and Hiph. (to cause to hear, announce, call together).

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἤκουσεν ἀκούσατε ἤκουσαν ἤκουσα ἄκουε

LXX Usage Statistics

H8085:

ἤκουσεν 130× (10.0%)

ἀκούσατε 76× (6.4%)

ἤκουσαν 58× (4.6%)

ἤκουσα 42× (3.5%)

ἄκουε 37× (3.1%)

ὡσ 30× (2.6%)

ἀκοῦσαι 29× (2.1%)

ἀκούσῃ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.9%)

εἰσήκουσεν 25× (2.0%)

לקחת לָקַחַת

to seize

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לקח

lâqach

Definition

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, [idiom] many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3947

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָקַח

transitive verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 791

tr. to take, lay hold of, seize, with the hand; to catch; to take away from a thing.

לָקַח

verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

To take, take from; to take away, as prey, to kill; to conquer; to take along, lead; to procure, bring, fetch; to receive, accept, obtain; to undertake; to buy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָקַח

verb • Page 348

1. to take (often pleonastically). Gen. 12:5. 2. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8:3. 3. to take away. Gen. 4:12. 4. to take, capture, occupare. Num. 21:25. 5. to receive, obtain, acquire. Num. 23:20. 6. to admit, take up, receive. Prov. 2:1.

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔλαβεν λαβὲ λήμψῃ ἔλαβον λήμψεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3947:

ἔλαβεν 254× (24.8%)

λαβὲ 73× (7.8%)

λήμψῃ 57× (5.7%)

ἔλαβον 57× (5.7%)

λήμψεται 50× (5.1%)

λαβεῖν 32× (3.4%)

λήμψονται 30× (3.0%)

λαβὼν 28× (2.7%)

λάβετε 25× (2.7%)

λήμψομαι 21× (2.1%)

מוסר מוּסָר׃

discipline

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מוסר

mûwçâr

Definition

properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint

Root

from H3256 (יסר);

Exhaustive

from יסר; properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint; bond, chastening(-eth), chastisement, check, correction, discipline, doctrine, instruction, rebuke.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4148

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּסָר

noun masculine • Root יסר • Strongs / High • Page 824

prop. taming, to create a bond, fetter; chastisement, of boys, of men by God; rod of chastisement; metaphorically, correction, instruction, example, reproof.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹסָר

noun masculine • Root יסר • Page 390

Warning, instruction. Job 33:16.

מוּסָר

m. verbal noun • Root יסר • Page 362

1. warning, correction, as of God to men, or parents to children (Ps. 50:17, Jer. 2:30, Prov. 1:8). 2. instruction, knowledge, wisdom (Prov. 1:2). 3. chastisement, punishment (Job 5:17, Prov. 22:15, 23:15).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: παιδείαν παιδεία '' παιδείασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4148:

παιδείαν 25× (46.4%)

παιδεία 9× (16.4%)

'' 3× (4.9%)

παιδείασ 2× (3.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And they will turn to me the neck and not the face: and teaching them, and rising early and teaching, and they not hearing to receive instruction.

LITV Translation:
And they have turned the back to Me, and not the face; though I taught them, rising up early and teaching, yet they have not listened to receive instruction.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the slain of the Lord shall be in the day of the Lord from one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth: they shall not be buried; they shall be as dung on the face of the earth.