Jeremiah 12:13

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

זרעו זָרְעוּ

his arm

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זרע

zâraʻ

Definition

to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify; bear, conceive seed, set with sow(-er), yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2232

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָרַע

verb • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 446

1. to strew, to scatter, to disperse, i.e. to banish a people; figurat. to disseminate, to spread. 2. to scatter seed, to sow; figurat. to practise.

זָרַע

verb • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 446

(not used) intr. to lift, to carry, to hold.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָרַע

verb • Page 209

1. to sow (Judg. 6:3, Gen. 47:23). 2. to scatter, disperse (Zech. 10:9). 3. to set out or plant a branch (Is. 17:10). Niph. to be sown (Lev. 11:37), to be made fruitful (Num. 5:28). Hiph. to conceive (Lev. 12:2).

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: σπερεῖσ σπέρμα σπεῖρον σπαρήσεται σπείρατε

LXX Usage Statistics

H2232:

σπερεῖσ 4× (7.3%)

σπέρμα 4× (7.0%)

σπεῖρον 3× (5.5%)

σπαρήσεται 3× (5.5%)

σπείρατε 3× (5.2%)

ἔσπειρεν 3× (5.2%)

σπερεῖτε 3× (4.9%)

σπερῶ 3× (4.7%)

σπείροντεσ 3× (4.4%)

σπείρῃσ 2× (3.7%)

חטים חִטִּים

wheats

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חטה

chiṭṭâh

Definition

wheat, whether the grain or the plant

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; wheat, whether the grain or the plant; wheat(-en).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2406

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִטָּה

noun / feminine • Root חנט • Strongs / High • Page 476

Wheat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִטָּה

noun feminine • Page 224

wheat. Ex. 9: 32. Plur. Gen. 30: 14. and Ezek. 4: 9. The singular denotes the plant, the plural the grain.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: πυροῦ πυρῶν πυροὺσ σῖτον σίτου

LXX Usage Statistics

H2406:

πυροῦ 9× (27.5%)

πυρῶν 7× (20.8%)

πυροὺσ 5× (15.1%)

σῖτον 3× (7.9%)

σίτου 2× (5.7%)

וקצים וְקֹצִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קוץ

qôwts

Definition

a thorn

Root

or קץ; from H6972 (קוץ) (in the sense of pricking);

Exhaustive

or קץ; from קוץ (in the sense of pricking); a thorn; thorn.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6975

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוֹץ

noun masculine • Root קוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1270

1. collective, a thorn-bush, thorns, weeds. 2. n. p. m., a nimble one.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוֹץ

noun masculine • Page 585

a thorn. Gen. 3: 18. Is. 32: 13.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀκάνθαισ ἀκάνθασ ἄκανθα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6975:

ἀκάνθαισ 4× (32.0%)

ἀκάνθασ 3× (25.7%)

ἄκανθα 3× (24.3%)

קצרו קָצָרוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קצר

qâtsar

Definition

to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain); [idiom] at all, cut down, much discouraged, grieve, harvestman, lothe, mourn, reap(-er), (be, wax) short(-en, -er), straiten, trouble, vex.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7114

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1291

tr. 1. to cut off, to reap, grain. 2. to lessen, to crop, to shorten.

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

To be short, curtailed. (Intransitive meaning related to being short/brief in patience or duration.)

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

II. (Not used) intransitive; same as another verb (which see), meaning to sprout, to grow.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Page 593

1. to cut down, particularly grain; hence to mow, reap (Jer. 12:13, Lev. 19:9). 2. intrans. to be short (Is. 28:20); also to be weak (Num. 11:23) or impatient (Num. 21:4).

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: θερίζοντασ ὠλιγοψύχησεν θεριζόντων ἰσχύει θεριοῦσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7114b:

θερίζοντασ 3× (5.4%)

ὠλιγοψύχησεν 3× (5.4%)

θεριζόντων 3× (5.4%)

ἰσχύει 3× (5.0%)

θεριοῦσιν 2× (4.2%)

θερίσει 2× (4.2%)

ἀμήσῃσ 2× (4.2%)

θερίζειν 2× (3.3%)

θερίζητε 2× (3.3%)

נחלו נֶחְלוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלה

châlâh

Definition

properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to be weak, sick, afflicted; or (causatively) to grieve, make sick; also to stroke (in flattering), entreat

Root

a primitive root (compare H2342 (חול), H2470 (חלה), H2490 (חלל));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חול, חלה, חלל); properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to be weak, sick, afflicted; or (causatively) to grieve, make sick; also to stroke (in flattering), entreat; beseech, (be) diseased, (put to) grief, be grieved, (be) grievous, infirmity, intreat, lay to, put to pain, [idiom] pray, make prayer, be (fall, make) sick, sore, be sorry, make suit ([idiom] supplication), woman in travail, be (become) weak, be wounded.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2470

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָלָה

verb • Root חלה • Strongs / High • Page 487

To be pounded, soft, relaxed; to become weak, to be pained, to be sick, to suffer.

חָלָה

verb • Root חלה • Strongs / High • Page 487

To flatter, to stroke something.

חָלָה

verb • Root חלה • Strongs / High • Page 488

To be smooth; Pi. to stroke, flatter, appease, pray to God.

חָלָה

verb • Root חלה • Strongs / High • Page 488

To be sweet, lovely, figuratively of dress; Pa. to adorn.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַלָּה

noun feminine • Root חלל • Page 229

A cake, especially one presented as an offering. References: 2 Sam. 6:19, Lev. 8:26, 24:5.

חָלָה

verb • Page 228

1. to be weak, feeble (Judg. 16:7). 2. to be pained (Prov. 23:35). 3. to be sick (Gen. 48:1). 4. to be concerned about any one (1 Sam. 22:8). Includes Niph. (to be exhausted), Pi. (to afflict), Pu. (to become weak), and Hiph. (to cause a wound).

חָלָה

verb • Page 229

Partial entry from previous page. To fall ill; to be wounded (Hoph.); to become sick, or feign sickness (Hithpa.). References: 1 K. 22:34; 2 Sam. 13:2, 5, 6.

חָלָה

verb • Page 229

Found only in Piel: to flatter or caress, to supplicate, or to ask one's favour. References: Job 11:19, Prov. 19:6, Ps. 45:13, Ex. 32:11, 1 Sam. 13:12, 1 K. 13:6, 2 K. 13:14, Dan. 9:13.

Verb Niphal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἠρρώστησεν ἐπόνεσα ἠρρώστει ἐμαλακίσθη ἀσθενήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H2470a:

ἠρρώστησεν 7× (8.9%)

ἐπόνεσα 3× (4.1%)

ἠρρώστει 3× (4.1%)

ἐμαλακίσθη 3× (3.9%)

ἀσθενήσω 3× (3.5%)

ἐδεήθη 3× (3.5%)

ἀλγηρὰ 2× (2.7%)

ἀρρωστία 2× (2.7%)

ἐδεήθην 2× (2.7%)

τετρωμένη 2× (2.5%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יועלו יוֹעלוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יעל

yaʻal

Definition

properly, to ascend; figuratively, to be valuable (objectively; useful, subjectively; benefited)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to ascend; figuratively, to be valuable (objectively; useful, subjectively; benefited); [idiom] at all, set forward, can do good, (be, have) profit, (able).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3276

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעַל

noun / masculine • Root יעל • Strongs / High • Page 624

Height in a concrete sense; figuratively, worthiness, excellence.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ὠφελήσει ὠφελήσουσιν ὠφέλειαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3276:

ὠφελήσει 3× (13.1%)

ὠφελήσουσιν 3× (13.1%)

ὠφέλειαν 2× (7.4%)

ובשו וּבֹשׁוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוש

bûwsh

Definition

properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H954

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוּשׁ

verb • Root בוש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 230

To be bad, hated (in a subjective sense).

בּוּשׁ

verb • Root בוש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 230

To extend (spoken of time); hence very long.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹשׁ

verb • Root בוש • Page 91

To be ashamed, disappointed. Connected with being put to shame or frustrated hope. (Ps. 22:6, 25:2, 3, 20, 31:2, 18, 71:13; Jer. 2:36, 12:13, 48:13; Hos. 4:19, 10:6; Ps. 69:7; Judg. 3:25; 2 Kgs 2:17, 8:11)

בּוֹשׁ

verb • Page 91

II. To delay; found only in Pilpel בּוֹשֵׁשׁ. (Ex. 32:1, Judg. 5:28)

בּוֹשׁ

verb • Page 90

To be ashamed or to be made ashamed, especially to be deceived in one's expectation. Job 6:20, Ezr. 8:22, Ezek. 36:32.

בּוּשׁ

verb • Page 177

To be ashamed.

בּוּשׁ

verb • Page 120

see בּוּשׁ no. II.

Conjunction, Verb Qal imperative second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0954:

No stats available

מתבואתיכם מִתְּבוּאֹתֵיכם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תבואה

tᵉbûwʼâh

Definition

income, i.e. produce (literally or figuratively)

Root

from H935 (בוא);

Exhaustive

from בוא; income, i.e. produce (literally or figuratively); fruit, gain, increase, revenue.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8393

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תְּבוּאָה

fem. prop. • Root בוא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1496

What comes in, as produce, gain, increase, fruit; generally proventus.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תְּבוּאָה

f. verbal noun • Root בוא • Page 706

1. produce, increase, e.g. of a country (Josh. 8:12), of the threshing floor (Num. 18:30), of the vineyard (Deut. 22:15). 2. gain, profit, e.g. the gain of the wicked (Prov. 10:16), the profit of wisdom (Prov. 3:14, 8:19). 3. metaphorically the fruit or consequences of any thing (Prov. 18:20).

Prep-M, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: γενήματα γενημάτων αὐτῆσ γένημα γενήματοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8393:

γενήματα 13× (22.3%)

γενημάτων 7× (13.5%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (10.1%)

γένημα 6× (10.8%)

γενήματοσ 4× (7.3%)

καρποὶ 2× (4.1%)

ὡσ 2× (3.8%)

καρπῶν 2× (2.6%)

מחרון מֵחֲרוֹן

from the inner burning

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרון

chârôwn

Definition

a burning of anger

Root

or (shortened) חרן; from H2734 (חרה);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) חרן; from חרה; a burning of anger; sore displeasure, fierce(-ness), fury, (fierce) wrath(-ful).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2740

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָרוֹן

noun masculine • Root חרה • Strongs / High • Page 527

Anger, wrath, the glow of anger; also used for divine wrath or punishment. Construct form is חֲרוֹן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָרוֹן

m. verbal • Root חרה • Page 247

1. a burning (Ps. 58:10). 2. glow of anger, i.e. anger itself (Num. 25:4, 32:14, 1 Sam. 28:18).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὀργὴν ὀργῆσ θυμὸν ὀργὴ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2740:

ὀργὴν 8× (19.7%)

ὀργῆσ 7× (17.4%)

θυμὸν 5× (13.2%)

ὀργὴ 4× (10.4%)

'' 3× (6.9%)

θυμοῦ 3× (6.9%)

θυμὸσ 3× (5.6%)

ὀργῇ 2× (4.6%)

אף אַף־

yea/a nostril/anger

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אף

ʼaph

Definition

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Root

from H599 (אנף);

Exhaustive

from אנף; properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire; anger(-gry), [phrase] before, countenance, face, [phrase] forebearing, forehead, [phrase] (long-) suffering, nose, nostril, snout, [idiom] worthy, wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H639

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 171

Properly the projecting, the prominent; the nose as the prominent thing of the face; anger (conceived of as a snorting of the nose); face.

אַף

preposition / conj. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 172

Properly a preposition meaning 'with', 'at', 'to', 'before', 'toward'. As a conjunction it signifies 'also', 'likewise', 'even', 'yea', 'how much more' (a fortiori). It is often used to make pronouns or particles emphatic. When reduplicated (אַף ... אַף) it means 'as well ... as also'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַף

conj. prim. • Page 64

1. also. 2. and. 3. yea rather. 4. but, yet. 5. how much less. 6. literally also when; how much more (after affirmation) or how much less (after negation).

אַף

chald. • Page 65

Chald. idem. (likewise, also). Dan. 6: 23.

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Page 65

1. nose; pride of nose, i. e. of countenance (Ps. 10: 4); the breathing of the nose, i. e. anger (Job. 4: 9). 2. anger (Prov. 22: 24). 3. face, countenance (Gen. 3: 19). 4. two persons (1 Sam. 1: 5).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0639:

No stats available

יהוהס יְהוָה׃ס

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
They sowed wheat and they reaped thorns: they were wearied, they shall not profit; and they were ashamed of your gains from the burning of the anger of Jehovah.

LITV Translation:
They have sown wheat, but they have reaped thorns. They are worn out, but they do not profit. And they shall be ashamed of your harvests, because of the glow of the anger of Jehovah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Sow wheat, and reap thorns; their portions shall not profit them: be ashamed of your boasting, because of reproach before the Lord.