Isaiah 63:1

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מי מִי־

who

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מי

mîy

Definition

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

Root

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as H4100 (מה) is of things,

Exhaustive

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as מה is of things,; who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix; any (man), [idiom] he, [idiom] him, [phrase] O that! what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), [phrase] would to God.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4310

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִי

pronoun interrogative • Strongs / High • Page 843

Interrogative pronoun: who? what? (of persons, as מַה is of things). It is used in direct and indirect questions, without distinction of gender and number. Main uses include: 1. As a substantive, often in a genitive sense (e.g., whose?). 2. When seeming to refer to things, it still implies a person (e.g., who are the men... of the camp?). 3. Used for emphasis or modification (e.g., who then?). 4. With the meaning of 'how?' or 'what kind?'. 5. Taking a negative turn to mean 'nobody' or 'none'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִי

interrogative pronoun • Page 372

1. Who? (Gen. 24:23; Judg. 21:8). 2. How? (Am. 7:2,5; Ruth 3:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4310

I. מִי (approximate number of occurrences: 423) pronoun interrogative — who? of persons, as מָה of things.

Cognates:

• Ethiopic ምንት (only = What? and How?)
• Assyrian mî, me (rare)¹, but usual form mannu, manu²
• Ethiopic መኑ manū
• Aramaic מַן
• Arabic مَنْ, Vulgar Arabic min, mên (rejection of n probably in Hebrew מִי)³

— מִי absolute Genesis 3:11 הִגִּיד לְךָ מִי who told thee? Genesis 24:65 מִי הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה who is this man? Genesis 27:18 מִי אַתָּה בְּנִי who art thou, my son? Numbers 22:9; Judges 1:1; Judges 6:29; Judges 15:6; Judges 18:3; Judges 20:18; 2 Samuel 1:8 + often; Ruth 3:9 מִי אָתּ who art thou, (feminine)? Isaiah 51:12; of more than one, מִי אֵלֶּה who are these? Genesis 33:5; Genesis 48:8; Isaiah 60:8; מִי אַתֶּם 2 Kings 10:13; once, more explicitly, מִי וָמִי הַהֹלְכִים Exodus 10:8; = as who? (i.e. in what condition, or capacity), Amos 7:2 יַעֲקֹב מִי יָקוּם Amos 7:5; Isaiah 51:19 מִי אֲנַחֲמֵךְ (but Vrss Che Lag Brd Du מִי יְנַחֲמֵךְ, as "" מִי יָנוּד), Ruth 3:16 (Be Ke Kö⁴).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Used of things

Rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied:

• Genesis 33:8 מִי לְךָ כָּל־הַמַּחֲנֶה הַזֶּה who (or what) to thee is all this camp?
• Deuteronomy 4:7
• Judges 9:28 שְׁכֶם מִי who is Shechem (i.e. the Shechemites)?
• Micah 1:5 מִי־פֶשַׁע יַעֲקֹב הֲלֹא שֹׁמְרוֹן
• Songs 3:6
• Judges 13:17 מִי שְׁמֶךָ (but מָה Genesis 32:28; Exodus 3:13; compare Aramaic מַן Ezra 5:4)⁵

b. In the Genitive or with prepositions

• Genitive: בַּת־מִי אַתְּ whose daughter art thou? Genesis 24:23, 47; 1 Samuel 12:3 (3 times in verse); 1 Samuel 17:55; Jeremiah 44:28; Job 26:4; Job 33:28
• אַחֲרֵי מִי 1 Samuel 24:15 (twice in verse)
• אֶל־מִי 1 Samuel 6:20; 2 Kings 9:5 +
• בְּמִי by whom? 1 Kings 20:14
• לְמִי to whom? whose? Genesis 32:18, Genesis 38:25; Proverbs 20:20 +
• מִמִּי Ezekiel 32:19; Psalm 27:1 (twice in verse)
• עַל־מִי 2 Kings 18:20; 2 Kings 19:22; Isaiah 57:4 +
• אֶת־מִי (accusative), 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8; = with whom? Job 12:3

c. In an indirect question

• Genesis 21:26
• Genesis 43:22 לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מִי שָׂם we do not know who put
• Deuteronomy 21:1; Psalm 39:7
• Joshua 24:15 בַּחֲרוּ... אֶת־מִי תַעֲבֹדוּן choose whom ye will serve
• After verbs: רָאָה 1 Samuel 14:17, שָׁאַל 1 Samuel 17:56, הִגִּיד 1 Kings 1:20, הוֹדִיעַ 1 Kings 1:27

d. Partitive: who among ... ?

• 1 Samuel 22:14; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 43:9; Isaiah 48:14 (בָּהֶם); Isaiah 42:23; Isaiah 50:10; Haggai 2:3 (בָּכֶם)
• מִי מִן who of ... ? Judges 21:8; 2 Kings 6:11; Isaiah 50:1

e. Strengthened and emphatic forms

• מִי זֶה, מִי הוּא, מִי הוּא זֶה Psalm 24:10; Jeremiah 30:21; Esther 7:5
• מִי אֶחָד what single one ... ? Judges 21:8, compare 2 Samuel 7:23 ( = 1 Chronicles 17:21)

2. Rhetorical Uses

a. To express a wish

The question implies a desire that the person asked for were present (followed by imperfect):

• 2 Samuel 15:4 מִי יְשִׂמֵנִי שֹׁפֵט who will set me judge? i.e. would that some one would make me judge!
• 2 Samuel 23:15 מִי יַשְׁקֵנִי מַיִם = O that one would give me to drink!
• Phrase מִי יִתֵּן who will give? i.e. would that there were...! Numbers 11:29; Deuteronomy 28:67; Judges 9:29

b. To express contempt, modesty, or surprise

• Contempt (implying no one): Exodus 5:2 מִי יְהוָה who is Yahweh that I should listen? Judges 9:28; 1 Samuel 17:26; 1 Samuel 25:10 מִי דָוִד וּמִי בֶן־יִשָׁי
• Modesty: Exodus 3:11 מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה; 1 Samuel 18:18 וּמִי חַיַּי מִי אָנֹכִי; 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 29:14; 2 Chronicles 2:5
• Surprise: Isaiah 44:10; Isaiah 49:21

c. As a rhetorical negative

Implying the answer few or none:

• Deuteronomy 9:2 מִי יִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי בְנֵי עֲנָק who can stand, etc.?
• Deuteronomy 30:12–13; 1 Samuel 4:8; Job 9:12 מִי יֹאמַר who shall say?
• Perfect of experience: Numbers 23:10; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 18:13 מִי שָׁמַע כָּאֵלֶּה
• In poetry: Genesis 49:9 מִי יְקִימֶנּוּ; Exodus 15:11 מִי כָמֹכָה; Isaiah 53:1; Psalm 18:32

d. Who knoweth? (= perchance)

• 2 Samuel 12:22 מִי יוֹדֵעַ יְחָנֵּנִי יְהוָה it may be Yahweh will be gracious
• Joel 2:14 ( = Jonah 3:9) מִי יוֹדֵעַ יָשׁוּב וְנִחָם
• Esther 4:14 מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם

e. Rendered "whosoever"

Does not strictly mean it, but functions as a conditional interrogative:

• Exodus 24:14 מִי בַעַל דְּבָרִים יִגַּשׁ אֲלֵהֶם literally, Who hath a cause? let him draw nigh
• Judges 7:3 מִי יָרֵא וְחָרֵד יָשֹׁב who is fearful? let him return
• Exodus 32:26 מִי לַיהוָה אֵלָי who is on Yahweh's side? (let him come) to me!
• 2 Samuel 18:12 שִׁמְרוּ־מִי בַּנַּעַר Have a care, whosoever ye be, of the young man (but read לִי with ᵐ5)

¹ Jäger, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, ii. 277.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, 419 (Dl HWB).

³ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, 123 f. (W SG).

⁴ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, iii. 388 (Kö).

⁵ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, p. 341 (Nö M).

Pronoun interrogative

LXX: τίσ τίνι ἐστιν τίνα τίνοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4310:

τίσ 302× (65.2%)

τίνι 27× (5.9%)

ἐστιν 24× (4.2%)

τίνα 23× (4.9%)

τίνοσ 15× (3.3%)

'' 10× (1.9%)

---% 9× (1.6%)

τί 8× (1.7%)

--- 6× (1.3%)

τίνεσ 5× (1.1%)

זה׀ זֶה׀

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

בא בָּא

he has come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

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מאדום מֵאֱד֗וֹם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אדם

ʼĔdôm

Definition

Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him

Root

or (fully) אדום ; from H122 (אדם); red (see Genesis 25:25);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אדום ; from אדם; red (see Genesis 25:25); Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him; Edom, Edomites, Idumea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H123

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱדֹם

noun proper • Root אדם • Strongs_Numbers • Page 66

1. The mountainous territory Edom. 2. The progenitor of the Edomites, Esau. 3. Sometimes stands for Aram (due to scribal interchange of Dalet and Resh).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱדוֹם

proper name • Root אדם • Page 26

Red; 1. son of Isaac, elder twin-brother of Jacob, more commonly called Esau. 2. his posterity, the Edomites, Idumeans, and their country, Idumea, on the south of Palestine (Num. 20:20; Jer. 49:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H123

I. אָדֹם noun masculine name of a condiment — red lentil stew¹.

Cognates:

• Arabic بسمله (see Anderson in Di²)
• Assyrian adumatu (question mark indicates doubt; Dl³ W⁴)

— אָדֹם absolute Genesis 25:30 (twice in verse) (J⁵; so read for אָדֹם הָאָדֹם הָאָדֹם MT⁶; see Di²).

1. Meanings and Uses

• As a condiment: Genesis 25:30 (J⁵), where Esau sells his birthright for it, highlighting its value as a desirable food item.

II. אֱדֹם (אָדֹם Ezekiel 25:14) proper name masculine — Edom⁷.

2. Meanings and Uses

• a. As a personal name (Esau): Eldest son of Isaac, Genesis 25:30 (J⁵), where etymology relates to "red" (compare Genesis 25:25 (E⁸?) and אֲדֹמִי Genesis 36:1, Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:19 (P⁹)). Possibly a name of a god (see Sta¹⁰ G. 1, 121 RS Sem 43¹¹; see n.pr.¹² עֲבַדְאֵל; but Bae¹³ Rel 10 thinks dialect variant reading of אָדֹם, בְּנֵי אֱדֹם = בְּנֵי אָדֹם).
• b. Collective for Edomites/Idumeans: Descendants of Esau, masculine but [feminine]¹⁴ Malachi 1:4, Genesis 36:9, Genesis 36:43 (P⁹); also 1 Samuel 14:47 (31 times) + 2 Samuel 8:13 (for אֲרָם; see 1 Chronicles 18:12; Psalm 60:2, We¹⁵ Dr¹⁶); perhaps also Psalm 60:12 (see 1 Chronicles 18:11; אֲרָם but see We¹⁵ Dr¹⁶); also 2 Chronicles 20:2 (see Berthol¹⁷); מֶלֶךְ אֱדֹם = king of Edom Numbers 20:18, Numbers 20:20, Numbers 20:21; in poetry בְּנֵי אֱדֹם Psalm 137:7, בַּת אֱדֹם Lamentations 4:21, Lamentations 4:22.
• c. Land of Edom/Idumaea: [feminine]¹⁴ Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 35:15; Ezekiel 36:5, south and southeast of Palestine, Genesis 36:32, Genesis 36:43 (32 times) (including שְׂדֵה אֱדֹם Genesis 32:4; אֶרֶץ אֱדֹם Genesis 36:16, Genesis 36:17, Genesis 36:21, Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:23; Numbers 21:4; Numbers 33:37 +); uncertain whether 2 or 3 are Exodus 15:15; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 24:18 (9 times) (chiefly in מֶלֶךְ אֱדֹם etc.).

¹ A stew made from red lentils, valued as a food item in ancient contexts.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis.

³ Friedrich Delitzsch.

⁴ W. Wright.

⁵ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁶ Massoretic Text.

⁷ Refers to the region, people, or Esau as progenitor.

⁸ Elohist Source.

⁹ Priests' Code / Narrative.

¹⁰ B. Stade.

¹¹ RS Sem 43 likely refers to a scholarly work or journal.

¹² Nomen proprium (proper name).

¹³ F. Baethgen.

¹⁴ Brackets indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender.

¹⁵ J. Wellhausen.

¹⁶ S. R. Driver.

¹⁷ A. Bertholet.

¹⁸ See now F. Buhl, Geschichte der Edomiter (1893). The iframe appears to be an incomplete or erroneous element in the raw text and has been omitted as it does not contribute to the lexical entry.

Prep-M, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

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H0123:

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חמוץ חֲמוּץ

the sour one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חמץ

châmêts

Definition

to be pungent; i.e. in taste (sour, i.e. literally fermented, or figuratively, harsh), in color (dazzling)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be pungent; i.e. in taste (sour, i.e. literally fermented, or figuratively, harsh), in color (dazzling); cruel (man), dyed, be grieved, leavened.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2556

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָמֵץ

verb • Root חמץ • Strongs / High • Page 499

1. (Of taste) to be sharp, tart, sour; to be salted; to be leavened. 2. (Of colour) to be bright, shining, bright red. 3. (Of the mind) to be sharp, eager, violent.

חָמֵץ

masculine noun • Root חמץ • Strongs / High • Page 499

1. Anything soured, leavened; leavened bread. 2. Extorted, wrested, i. e. ill-gotten wealth.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָמֵץ

particle • Root חמץ • Page 236

red. Is. 63:1.

חָמֵץ

m. verbal • Root חמץ • Page 236

1. something leavened. Ex. 12:15, 13:3, 7. 2. perhaps ill-gotten wealth. Am. 4:5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2556

I. חָמֵץ verb — be sour, leavened.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic حَمُضَ be sour
• Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened

— חָמֵץ Qal Perfect חָמֵץ Exodus 12:39; Imperfect יֶחְמָ֑ץ Exodus 12:34; Infinitive suffix חֻמְצָתוֺ Hosea 7:4 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be leavened (of dough בָּצֵק)

• Exodus 12:34, 39 (Elohist Source)
• Hosea 7:4

b. Be soured, embittered (Hitpael)

• Psalm 73:21 (+ כִּלְיוֺתַי אֶשְׁתּוֺנָן)

II. [חמץ] verb — be red (compare Aramaic Ethpa`al blush, be ashamed, possibly originally be red).

• Qal Passive participle construct חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים red of garments Isaiah 63:1
• Imperfect 3 feminine singular תֶּחֱמַץ Psalm 68:24 that thy foot may be red with blood (for תמחץ; so Krochmal, Hitzig, Graetz; most read תרחץ, see רחץ)

III. [חמץ] verb — be ruthless (dubious root; perhaps by-form of חמס; identification by most with I. חמץ improbable).

• Qal Participle active מִכַּף מְעַוֵּל וְחוֺמֵץ Psalm 71:4 from the hand of the unjust and ruthless (+ מִיַּד רָשָׁע)

¹ Elohist Source.

² Abraham Krochmal, Ferdinand Hitzig, Heinrich Graetz.

Adjective adjective both singular construct

LXX: ζυμωθῆναι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2556b:

ζυμωθῆναι 2× (27.2%)

בגדים בְּגָדִים

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בגד

beged

Definition

a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage

Root

from H898 (בגד);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H899

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּגֶד

noun masculine • Root בגד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. Covering, clothing in the proper and usual sense; a tegument over the sacred vessels; in particular a kind of upper-garment. 2. Covering, deceit, faithlessness, treachery, robbery.

בָּגַד

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. (not used) to cover, veil, clothe. 2. To cover, to conceal, then to act covertly, to deceive, deal falsely; to forsake faithlessly; to betray.

בֹּגְדוֹת

noun feminine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

Treachery, deceit.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H899

I. בֶּגֶד [noun masculine] — treachery

• Isaiah 24:16
• Jeremiah 12:1

II. בֶּגֶד noun masculine (except Leviticus 6:20 עָלֶיהָ, but Samaritan עָלִיו, compare Dillmann¹ in loco König i. 182) — garment, covering

— בֶּגֶד absolute Genesis 28:2 (36 times); suffix בִּגְדוֹ Ezekiel 9:3 + (14 times without daghesh lene Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94²); plural בְּגָדִים Leviticus 6:4 (32 times); construct בִּגְדֵי Genesis 27:15 (39 times); suffix בְּגָדֶיךָ 1 Kings 22:20 (81 times); בִּגְדֹתֶיךָ Psalm 45:9;

1. Garment, clothing, raiment, robe of any kind

from the filthy clothing of the leper to the holy robes of the high priest, the simplest covering of the poor as well as the costly raiment of the rich and noble, used throughout Hebrew Literature:

• Genesis 24:53 (Jehovist Source³)
• Genesis 28:20 (Elohist Source; 14 times Jehovist Source Elohist Source)
• Exodus 28:2 + (Priests' Code / Narrative 90 times)
• Deuteronomy 24:17
• Judges 8:26 (4 times)
• 1 Samuel 19:13 (10 times)
• 1 Kings 1:1 (23 times)
• 2 Chronicles 18:9 + (Chronicles 9 times)
• Esther 4:1, 4
• Job 13:28
• Job 22:6
• Job 37:17
• Psalm 22:19
• Psalm 45:9
• Psalm 102:27
• Psalm 109:19
• Proverbs 6:27
• Proverbs 20:16
• Proverbs 25:20
• Proverbs 27:13
• Ecclesiastes 9:8
• Isaiah 24:16
• Isaiah 36:22
• Isaiah 37:1
• Isaiah 50:9 (10 times)
• Jeremiah 12:1 (3 times)
• Ezekiel 16:16 (13 times)
• Joel 2:13
• Amos 2:8
• Haggai 2:12
• Zechariah 3:3, 4, 5
• Zechariah 14:14
• מְלֹא בִּגְדוֹ his lapful 2 Kings 4:39

2. Covering, wrapping

• of furniture of tabernacle Numbers 4:6-13 (6 times)
• coverlet of a bed 1 Samuel 19:13

¹ A. Dillmann

² Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0899b:

No stats available

מבצרה מִבָּצְרָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בצרה

Botsrâh

Definition

Botsrah, a place in Edom

Root

the same as H1223 (בצרה);

Exhaustive

the same as בצרה; Botsrah, a place in Edom; Bozrah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1224

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּצָּרָה

noun feminine • Root בצרת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 270

Drought; denoting as a collective continuance of drought.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּצְרָה

noun feminine / noun proper • Root בצר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 270

1. fold, pen (Mic. 2:12). 2. fortification. 2a. Proper name of the chief city of Edom. 2b. Proper name of the city Bostra. 3. Proper name of a city in Moab on the Arnon.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּצְרָה

noun feminine • Root בצר • Page 111

1. a fold, pen (Mic. 2:12). 2. a city in Idumea (Gen. 36:33, Is. 34:6). 3. another city in Moab (Jer. 48:24).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1224

II. בָּצְרָה (8 occurrences) (fortress; see Palmyrene בצרא¹, ᵐ5 βος(ς)ορρα; compare βοσοר; Lag²) proper name, of a location — Bozrah.

1. City of Edom

• Genesis 36:33 = 1 Chronicles 1:44
• Isaiah 34:6
• Isaiah 63:1 (in both "" (ארץ) אדום)
• Jeremiah 49:13, 22
• Amos 1:12

2. Of Moab

• Jeremiah 48:24, probably = II. בֶּצֶר 1

— on Micah 2:12 compare foregoing.

¹ Vogüé, Syrie centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques (1868), No. 22.

² Paul de Lagarde, Onomastica Sacra (1870; 2nd ed. 1887), 102, 232 (ed. 2, 137, 247) = βοστרא.

Prep-M, Noun proper name

LXX: βοσορ βοσορρασ αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1224:

βοσορ 3× (31.8%)

βοσορρασ 2× (20.0%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (18.2%)

זה זֶ֚ה

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

הדור הָדוּר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הדר

hâdar

Definition

to swell up (literally or figuratively, active or passive); by implication, to favor or honour, be high or proud

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to swell up (literally or figuratively, active or passive); by implication, to favor or honour, be high or proud; countenance, crooked place, glorious, honour, put forth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָדַר

verb • Root הדר • Strongs / High • Page 391

I. (not used) 1. To shine, glitter, lighten, of fire. 2. Figuratively, to be splendid, beautiful, magnificent, distinguished, elevated, great, majestic.

הָדַר

verb • Root הדר • Strongs / High • Page 391

II. 1. To be prominent, to outtop, of hills, mountains. 2. Figuratively, to lift up, to elevate, to draw forth, to adorn, to favour in preference; in a bad sense: to swell out, puffed up.

הָדַר

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Related word to הַדְרַךְ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָדַר

verb • Page 181

1. prob. to be wide, broad. Is. 45:2. 2. to adorn, decorate. Is. 63:1. 3. to honour, respect, reverence. Lev. 19:32, Ex. 23:3, Lev. 19:15.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1921

I. הָדַר (approximate number of occurrences: 7) verb — swell (?), honour, adorn.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew הִדֵּר adorn
• Aramaic הַדַּר Pa`el adorn, honor
• Palmyrene proper name, feminine הדירת ornata, honorata
• Arabic هَدَرَ be of no account; also ferbuit (vinum) & هَدِر inflatus, tumens (venter)

— הָדַר absolute Qal Perfect 2 masculine singular וְהָדַרְתָּ֫ Leviticus 19:32; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תֶּהְדַּר Exodus 23:3, Leviticus 19:15; Passive participle הָדוּר Isaiah 63:1, plural הֲדוּרִים Isaiah 45:2 (possibly הַרְרִים ᵐ5 ὄρη⁴).

1. Swell

• Only passive participle plural Isaiah 45:2 (si vera lectio) in neuter sense, of hills, swelling places, swells of land (made level before Cyrus).

2. Honour, pay honour to

Followed by accusative:

• In good sense: וְהָדַרְתָּ מְּנֵי זָקֵן Leviticus 19:32 (Holiness Code⁵) and thou shalt honour the face of an old man (+ מִמְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם).
• In bad sense (of partiality, favouritism): לֹא תֶהְדַּר מְּנֵי גָדוֺל Leviticus 19:15 (Holiness Code⁵) (+ לֹא תִשָּׂא פְנֵידָֿל); compare וְדַל לֹא תֶּהְדַּר בְּרִיבוֺ Exodus 23:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source⁶).

3. Adorn

• Only passive participle adorned, made splendid הָדוֺר בִּלְבוּשׁוֺ Isaiah 63:1.

Niph`al

Perfect נֶהְדָּ֑רוֺ Lamentations 5:12 were (not) honoured, subject מְּנֵי זְקֵנִים.

Hithpa`el

Imperfect jussive 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַדַּר Proverbs 25:6 honour oneself, i.e. claim honour.

Aramaic

I. [הֲדַר] verb Pa`el — glorify God (Aramaic ᵑ7, Syriac, Biblical Hebrew honour man).

1. glorify God
   • Imperfect 2 masculine singular הַדַּ֑רְתָּ Daniel 5:23
   • Imperfect 1 singular הַדְּרֵת Daniel 4:31
   • Participle active מְהַדַּר Daniel 4:34 (all with ל person)

¹ August Dillmann.

² August Knobel.

³ Stade & Siegfried, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

⁵ Holiness Code.

⁶ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

Verb Qal participle passive masculine singular absolute

LXX: ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1921:

'' 2× (13.5%)

בלבושו בִּלְבוּשׁוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לבוש

lᵉbûwsh

Definition

a garment (literally or figuratively); by implication (euphemistically) a wife

Root

or לבש; from H3847 (לבש);

Exhaustive

or לבש; from לבש; a garment (literally or figuratively); by implication (euphemistically) a wife; apparel, clothed with, clothing, garment, raiment, vestment, vesture.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3830

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לְבוּשׁ

noun / masculine (aramaic) • Root לבש • Strongs / High • Page 765

A garment (Aramaic).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לְבוּשׁ

noun masculine • Root לבש • Page 339

1. A garment, usually in poetry (Job 24:7; 38:14). 2. A spouse or consort (Mal. 2:16).

לְבוּשׁ

noun • Page 341

see לְבֹשׁ

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3830

I. לְבוּשׁ, לְבֻשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 31) noun masculine^{Job 30:18} — garment, clothing, raiment (on formation compare Ges¹ § 84a. 12 Lag²).

— לְבוּשׁ absolute 2 Kings 10:22 (9 times); construct לְבוּשׁ Esther 4:2 (2 times), לְבֻשׁ Isaiah 14:19; suffix לְבוּשִׁי Job 30:18 (3 times); לְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ Isaiah 63:2, Proverbs 27:26; לְבוּשׁוֺ Isaiah 63:1, Job 41:5, לְבֻשׁוֺ 2 Samuel 20:8 (2 times); לְבוּשָׁהּ Psalm 45:14 (2 times); לְבוּשְׁכֶן 2 Samuel 1:24; לְבוּשָׁם Jeremiah 10:9; plural suffix לְבֻשֵׁיהֶם Lamentations 4:14.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. General clothing and raiment

• Genesis 49:11 (Poem in Yahwist Source³; (+ סוּתֹה))
• Job 24:7 (+ כְּסוּת)
• Job 24:10; Job 30:18; Job 31:19
• Proverbs 27:26; Psalm 22:19; Lamentations 4:14

b. Specific types of clothing

• Women's raiment: 2 Samuel 1:24; Proverbs 31:22
• Specifically of a princess: Psalm 45:14
• Of a warrior's tunic: 2 Samuel 20:8, Isaiah 63:1, 2 (of Yahweh as warrior)
• Raiment for worshippers: 2 Kings 10:22
• For mourners (sackcloth): לְבוּשִׁי שָׂ֑ק Psalm 35:13; Psalm 69:12; בִּלְבוּשׁ שָׂק Esther 4:2
• Of royal apparel: ל׳ מַלְכוּת Esther 6:8; Esther 8:15; (without מַלְכוּת) Esther 6:9–11

2. Figurative Uses and Similes

• Of woman's character: עֹז וְהָדָר לְבוּשָׁהּ Proverbs 31:25
• Scaly coat of crocodile: מְּנֵי לְבוּשׁוֺ Job 41:5
• Cover garment with violence: Malachi 2:16 (of putting away a wife, compare RS⁴, We⁵)
• As a garment changed: Psalm 102:27 (simile of heavens and earth)
• As a covering: Psalm 104:6 (simile of deep upon earth)
• Cloud as garment of sea: Job 38:9
• Simile of terrestrial objects in the light: Job 38:14

Aramaic

I. לְְבוּשׁ noun masculine garment (Biblical Hebrew id.).

1. literally garment
   • suffix לְבוּשֵׁהּ Daniel 7:9
   • plural suffix לְבוּשֵׁיהוֺם Daniel 3:21

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² P. de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina, 1889 (LagBN 64, 179).

³ Yahwist (Jehovist) Source.

⁴ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS K, 269).

⁵ J. Wellhausen (We).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: στολὴν ἐνδύματα --- ἱματισμόν ἱμάτιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H3830:

στολὴν 4× (9.1%)

ἐνδύματα 3× (6.0%)

--- 2× (5.1%)

ἱματισμόν 2× (4.4%)

ἱμάτιον 2× (4.0%)

צעה צֹעֶה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צעה

tsâʻâh

Definition

to tip over (for the purpose of spilling or pouring out), i.e. (figuratively) depopulate; by implication, to imprison or conquer; (reflexive) to lie down (for coitus)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to tip over (for the purpose of spilling or pouring out), i.e. (figuratively) depopulate; by implication, to imprison or conquer; (reflexive) to lie down (for coitus); captive exile, travelling, (cause to) wander(-er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָעָה

verb / intr. • Root צעה • Strongs / High • Page 1240

Tr. 1. To bend downwards, a vessel, i.e. to pour out, to empty it. 2. Intr. To be inclined or bent down; to stretch or lay down, i.e. to conquer or subject. (Pih. צִעָה: To turn sideways, to incline a vessel, i.e., to pour out.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָעָה

verb • Root צעה • Page 572

1. To bend, incline, tilt (Jer. 48:12). 2. To be bent down by fetters (Is. 51:14). 3. To lay down, in reference to copulation (Jer. 2:20). 4. To walk proudly with neck bent back (Is. 63:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6808

I. צָעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 4) verb — stoop, bend, incline.

Cognates:

• Arabic صغى (صغى, صغو) incline, lean, compare also صغو

— צָעָה Qal Participle:

1. Qal

a. Intransitive meanings

• צֹעֶה Isaiah 51:14 one stooping (under a burden).
• צֹעֶה Isaiah 63:1 bending (forward or backward; from abundant strength), but read probably צֹעֵד marching (Lo Gr Che Du Di-Kit and others).
• feminine אַתְּ צֹעָה זֹּנָה Jeremiah 2:20 (in sensu obscoeno).

b. Transitive meanings

(= Pi`el q.v.)

• plural צֹעִים Jeremiah 48:12 men inclining, tipping a vessel, to empty it.

2. Pi`el

Perfect 3 plural suffix וְצֵעֻהוּ Jeremiah 48:12 I will send tippers and they shall tip him over (Moab, under figure of vessel).

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6808:

No stats available

ברב בְּרֹב

in abundance

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רב

rôb

Definition

abundance (in any respect)

Root

from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

from רבב; abundance (in any respect); abundance(-antly), all, [idiom] common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number), huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much, multitude, plenty(-ifully), [idiom] very (age).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7230

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

רָב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1324

1. for רַב (from רָבַב I.). 2. same as רִיב strife, in the bones, i. e. fever-heat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֹב

m. dec. viii. h. • Root רבב • Page 604

According to the versions, an arrow, or an archer. See רָבַב no. II. Job 16:13.

רֹב

noun masculine / infin. • Root רבב • Page 604

Strictly an infin. from רָבַב. [Entry continues onto next page].

רֹב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Page 605

1. multitude, number (Lev. 25:16, Is. 1:11). לָרֹב abundantly, very much (Gen. 30:30, 48:16, Deut. 1:10). 2. greatness. רָב-כֹּחַ greatness of strength (Ps. 33:16, 51:3).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7230

I. רֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 151) noun masculine — multitude, abundance, greatness.

— רֹב absolute Genesis 16:10 +; רוֺב 1 Chronicles 4:38, 2 Chronicles 31:10 + Job 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב); construct רֹב Exodus 15:7 + (רֹבֿ Job 37:23); רָב Job 23:6 +; plural construct רֻבֵּי Hosea 8:12 (see below).

1. Multitude

a. Of persons and things

• Of persons: Hosea 10:13; Proverbs 14:28; Proverbs 20:6; Esther 10:3 +
• Of things: Isaiah 1:11; Isaiah 47:12; Ezekiel 27:18; Leviticus 27:16; Proverbs 10:19; Job 11:2 +
• Great quantity or abundance: Genesis 27:28; Hosea 9:7 + often
• Whole number: Job 4:14; Job 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב)

b. Adverbial and prepositional uses

• Of time: רֹב שָׁנִים Job 32:8; בְּרֹב יָמִים Ecclesiastes 11:1
• לָרֹב for multitude (in similes like sand or stars): Joshua 11:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 13:5; 2 Samuel 17:11 + 10 times
• As adverb (abundantly): Genesis 30:30 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 48:16 (Elohist Source); 1 Kings 1:19, 25; Nehemiah 9:25; Zechariah 14:14; 1 Chronicles 4:30
• מֵרֹב from (for) multitude of: Deuteronomy 7:7; Deuteronomy 28:47; 1 Kings 7:47; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 32:13 (Jehovist Source); 1 Kings 3:8; 1 Kings 8:5

2. Greatness

• Of speech or complaint: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי 1 Samuel 1:16
• Of mercy or lovingkindness: רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Nehemiah 13:22; Psalm 5:8; Psalm 69:14; Psalm 106:45
• Of strength or power: רֹב כֹּחַ Isaiah 63:1; Job 23:6; Job 30:18; Psalm 33:16
• Of journey (length): בְּרֹב דַּרְכֵּךְ Isaiah 57:10
• Of the law: רֻבֵּי תוֺרָתִי Hosea 8:12 Qr greatnesses [great things] of my law (form dubious, perhaps read רֹב תּוֺרֹתַי).

¹ Ginsburg, C. D., Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible.

² Baer, S., and Delitzsch, Fr., Textum Masoreticum accuratissime expressit.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Elohist Source.

⁵ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁶ Septuagint (ᵐ5).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πλῆθοσ πλήθει πλήθουσ πολλὰ πολλῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7230:

πλῆθοσ 52× (33.5%)

πλήθει 21× (13.4%)

πλήθουσ 20× (12.7%)

πολλὰ 5× (3.4%)

πολλῇ 5× (3.0%)

--- 4× (3.2%)

πολλά 3× (2.4%)

πολλὴν 3× (2.3%)

πολλὴ 2× (1.6%)

πολλή 2× (1.6%)

כחו כֹּחוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כח

kôach

Definition

vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its hardiness) a large lizard

Root

or (Daniel 11:6) כוח; from an unused root meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

or (Daniel 11:6) כוח; from an unused root meaning to be firm; vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its hardiness) a large lizard; ability, able, chameleon, force, fruits, might, power(-ful), strength, substance, wealth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3581

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּחַ

noun / masculine • Root כחח • Strongs / High • Page 688

1. Strength, power, force (of life, war, man, earth, animals, God); strength of understanding. 2. Exertion, substance, possessions, wealth, riches, violence; ability or power to do something.

[mapped corrected to F6547 on 2025-12-28 via maintenance]

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּחַ

noun • Page 313

strength, see כּוֹחַ.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3581

I. כֹּחַ noun masculine — a small reptile, probably a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Leviticus 11:30; ᵐ5 ᵑ9 AV chameleon; on various opinions see Dillmann¹.

II. כֹּחַ see below כחח.

II. כֹּחַ and (Daniel 11:6) כּוֺחַ ^{Deuteronomy 4:37} noun masculine — strength, power (Late Hebrew id.).

— כֹּחַ absolute Deuteronomy 8:18 +; construct Numbers 14:17 +; suffix כֹּחִי Genesis 31:6 +; כֹּחֲךָ Judges 16:6 +, כֹּחֶ֑כָה Proverbs 24:10, etc.; always singular.

1. Human strength

a. Physical strength

• Of Samson: Judges 16:5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 19, 30
• Strength in toil: Isaiah 44:12 (+ זְרוֺעַ כֹּחוֺ), Leviticus 26:20, Nehemiah 4:4
• Of manly vigour (in procreation): אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֺנִי Genesis 49:3 (Poem in Jehovist Source²; said to Reuben)
• Vigour in general: Joshua 14:11 (twice in verse) (Jehovist-Elohist Source³), Judges 6:14, 1 Samuel 28:22, Job 6:11–12, Psalms 31:11, Psalms 38:11, Psalms 71:9, Psalms 102:24, Proverbs 20:29; as sustained by food 1 Kings 19:8
• Lack of such vigour: לֹא־כֹחַ Job 26:2, compare מִכֹּחַ Jeremiah 48:45 (without strength); בְּלֹא־כֹחַ Lamentations 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כֹחַ Job 3:17; כֹּחַ לֹא־הָיָה בוֺ 1 Samuel 28:20, compare Daniel 10:8, 17
• Textual note: in Psalms 22:16 read חִכִּי (Ewald⁴, Olshausen⁵, Cheyne⁶ and others)
• Specifically of power of voice: Isaiah 40:9

b. Ability and efficiency

• Followed by infinitive: ability to weep 1 Samuel 30:4; to get wealth Deuteronomy 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in figure) 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3
• Followed by לַעֲמֹד: Daniel 1:4, Ezra 10:13, compare Daniel 11:15
• Without infinitive: 1 Chronicles 29:2, Ezra 2:69
• Efficiency in battle: 2 Chronicles 14:10, 20:12, 26:13
• For porter's service in temple: אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Chronicles 26:8
• General ability or efficiency: Genesis 31:6, Proverbs 24:5, 10, Ecclesiastes 4:1, 9:10, so probably כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Job 30:2
• With עָצַר כֹּחַ (Late): נַעְצֹר כֹּחַ לְהִתְנַדֵּב 1 Chronicles 29:14 (retain ability to make freewill-offerings), 2 Chronicles 2:5 (to build); with negative, without infinitive: Daniel 10:8, 16 (compare 1.c below)

c. Power of a people or king

• Joshua 17:17, Nahum 2:2, Habakkuk 1:11, Isaiah 49:4 (of servant of Yahweh), Lamentations 1:14, Daniel 8:22, 24, 11:25
• With עָצַר: 2 Chronicles 13:20, 22:9, Daniel 11:6 (לֹא תַעְצֹר כֹּחַ הַזְּרוֺעַ)
• In Hosea 7:9 figurative of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (see 5 below).

d. Power opposed to that of God

• Amos 2:14, Isaiah 10:13 (+ כֹּחַ יָדִי), Deuteronomy 8:17, 1 Samuel 2:9, Zechariah 4:6, Job 36:19, Psalms 33:16

e. Power conferred by God

• Isaiah 40:29, compare Isaiah 40:31, Isaiah 41:1; of prophetic power Micah 3:8

2. Strength of angels

• Psalms 103:20

3. Power of God

• In creation: Jeremiah 10:12, Jeremiah 51:15 (see also Jeremiah 32:17 below), Psalms 65:7
• In governing the world: 1 Chronicles 29:12, 2 Chronicles 20:6, Psalms 29:4
• In acts of deliverance and judgment: Exodus 9:16, Exodus 15:6, Exodus 32:11, Numbers 14:13, 17 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Isaiah 50:2, 2 Chronicles 25:8, Job 9:19, Job 24:22, Job 26:12, Job 30:18, Job 36:22
• In combination: כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל Deuteronomy 4:37; (+ יָד חֲזָקָה) Exodus 32:11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Nehemiah 1:10; (+ זְרוֺעַ נְטוּיָה) Deuteronomy 9:29, 2 Kings 17:36, Jeremiah 27:5, Jeremiah 32:17
• Specific titles: he is רַב־כֹּחַ Psalms 147:5; רֹב כֹּחוֺ Isaiah 63:1, Job 23:6; גדול־כֹּחַ Nahum 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Isaiah 40:26, Job 9:4; שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ Job 37:23
• General power: כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו Psalms 111:6; קוֺל יְהוָה בַּכֹּחַ Psalms 29:4; specifically of His wisdom: כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Job 36:5 (mighty in strength of mind).

4. Of animals

• Wild ox Job 39:11, horse Job 39:21, hippopotamus Job 40:16, bullock Proverbs 14:4; he-goat Daniel 8:6, ram Daniel 8:7.

5. Strength of soil or wealth

• Produce of soil: Genesis 4:12 (Jehovist Source), Job 31:30
• Wealth (compare חַילִ): Proverbs 5:10, Job 6:22

¹ August Dillmann, Commentaries on the Hexateuch.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁴ Heinrich Ewald, Hebrew Grammar.

⁵ Justus Olshausen, Hebrew Grammar.

⁶ Thomas Kelly Cheyne, Commentaries on the Psalms/Isaiah.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἰσχύι ἰσχὺσ ἰσχύσ ἰσχὺν ἰσχύοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3581b:

ἰσχύι 32× (21.9%)

ἰσχὺσ 23× (17.3%)

ἰσχύσ 17× (12.3%)

ἰσχὺν 11× (8.1%)

ἰσχύοσ 8× (5.5%)

ἰσχύν 6× (4.5%)

---% 4× (2.5%)

ἰσχύω 3× (2.2%)

κατίσχυσα 2× (1.6%)

ὡσαύτωσ 2× (1.6%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

מדבר מְדַבֵּר

the word-wilderness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbar

Definition

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue; answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, [idiom] well, [idiom] work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1696

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דִּבֶּר

verb / piel stem • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To speak, in the widest usage; to speak what is spoken. It has many nuances depending on the preposition used, such as to reveal, promise, command, threaten, declare, or speak against/on behalf of someone.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

Snatching away, hence destruction, ruin, pestilence.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

m. / noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

An unused word for pasture, hence the proper name לֹא דְּבַר or לוֹ דְּבַר (Lo-debar), a place name.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pestilence, plague. Derived from the figurative sense of דָּבַר II (to destroy).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To range, to put together in a row, to set in order, to bind together, especially words, i.e. to speak. (This form, Kal, appears only in the participle).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. I. to speak (expressed in derived conjugations). Pi'el (דִּבֶּר): to speak. Puhal (דֻּבַּר): to be promised, to be wooed. Hithpa'el (הִדַּבֵּר): to talk with one another.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. II. (Kal not used) to drive, to lead, to guide. Figuratively: to snatch away, destroy. Pi'el (דִּבֵּר): to snatch away, to destroy. Hif'il (הִדְבִּיר): to drive, lead, subjugate.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. III. (not used) to be behind, to follow, to pursue.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. IV. (not used) transposed from דבק, meaning to stick, to pierce.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר , דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

1. pasture. 2. back, turning of the back, progress.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead, to guide).

Matched via consonantal key only

דְּבֵר

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

A reference to the proper name דְּבִיר (Debir).

Matched via consonantal key only

דַּבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

The speaker, i.e. the spirit of God which speaks out of the prophets.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1696

I. דָּבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 1142) verb — speak.

Cognates:

• Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away
• Arabic דבר follow behind, depart, perish
• Syriac דבר lead, guide
• Aramaic דְּבַר lead, guide
• Phoenician דבר speak
• Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν
• Latin loqui, dicere
• German reden, sagen

Qal

— 41 occurrences, only infinitive and participle. Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ Psalm 51:6; participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 (30 times); plural דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5, Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7, Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11.

Meanings and Uses

• Absolute: Numbers 27:7, Numbers 32:27, Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11.
• With accusative of thing: דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13; (+ אמת) Psalm 15:2; (+ שׁלום) Esther 10:3; (+ שׁקר) Psalm 63:12.
• With אֶל of person: Genesis 16:13 (Yahwist Source), Exodus 6:29 (Priests' Code).
• With בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of: Deuteronomy 5:1, Jeremiah 28:7.
• Of an angel: הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me Zechariah 1:9, 13, 14.

Niph`al

— Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16; participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30. Reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk.

• Absolute: Malachi 3:16.
• With בְּ, against: Psalm 119:23, Ezekiel 33:30.
• With עַל, concerning: Malachi 3:13.

Pi`el

— 1089 occurrences. Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +; Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +; Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +; participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +.

1. Absolute

• Deuteronomy 18:17 followed by לֵאמֹר.
• Phrases: אני יהוה דברתי Ezekiel 5:13 (18 times in Ezekiel); כי פי יהוה דבר Isaiah 1:20, Isaiah 40:5, Micah 4:4.

2. With accusative of thing

• את הדברים האלה Exodus 20:1, Deuteronomy 5:19.
• דבר קשׁות spake rough words Genesis 42:7 (Elohist Source).
• יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24.

3. With persons

• a. rarely accusative: Genesis 37:4 (Yahwist Source).
• b. with אֶל (most frequent): Genesis 8:15; וַיְדַבֵּר יהוה אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר Exodus 6:10 (87 times, Priests' Code); אל לב speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45.
• c. with לְ speak to, promise to: 1 Kings 2:19; Joshua 10:12 (Deuteronomic Source); in D phrases כאשׁר דבר ל as he promised to Deuteronomy 1:11, 15:6.
• d. with אֵת speak with: Genesis 17:3, 21:2 (Priests' Code); דבר משׁפטים את give judgment against Jeremiah 39:5.
• e. with עִם speak with: Genesis 29:9, Exodus 19:9 (Yahwist Source); דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי Ecclesiastes 1:16.
• feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of: Exodus 6:12, Numbers 36:1 (Priests' Code).

4. With בְּ

• a. instrumental: דבר בְּ speak by means of Numbers 12:2 (Elohist Source); בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exodus 5:23.
• b. local: בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Genesis 20:8.
• c. of the object: speak of, about Deuteronomy 6:7, 1 Samuel 19:3.
• d. hostility: against Numbers 12:1, 21:5 (Elohist Source).

5. With עַל

Of the object concerning or about which one speaks: Genesis 18:19, Jeremiah 1:16; דבר על לב speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3, Isaiah 40:2.

6. With infinitive

דבר לעשׂות promise to do Exodus 32:14 (Yahwist Source), Jonah 3:10.

Note: וַתְּדַבֵּר in 2 Chronicles 22:10 is a scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד and she destroyed (cf. 2 Kings 11:1).

Pu`al

— Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Song of Solomon 8:8; participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el

— Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר. With accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; מִדַּבֵּר אֶל speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 2:2.

Hiph`il

— Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Psalm 18:48; יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Psalm 47:4. Either leads (as Aramaic דַּבַּר) or subdues (as Arabic turn the back).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Gesenius' Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae (Thes).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ H. Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Verb Piel participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐλάλησεν λάλησον ἐλάλησα λαλήσω εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1696:

ἐλάλησεν 344× (29.7%)

λάλησον 62× (5.7%)

ἐλάλησα 51× (4.6%)

λαλήσω 44× (3.9%)

εἶπεν 44× (3.8%)

λαλῆσαι 42× (3.6%)

ἐλάλησασ 38× (3.4%)

ἐλάλησαν 38× (3.3%)

'' 27× (2.1%)

λαλῶν 26× (2.3%)

בצדקה בִּצְדָקָה

in a just one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צדקה

tsᵉdâqâh

Definition

rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity); justice, moderately, right(-eous) (act, -ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6666

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

Beneficence, alms.

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

1. Power, mighty deed, of God or generals; supremacy, victory, might; omnipotence; metaphor. applied to things, fulness, copiousness. 2. Right, justice, in a state; security, certainty; claim, to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צְדָקָה

f. verbal • Root צדק • Page 563

Entry commences at bottom of page; derived from צָדַק.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6666

I. צְדָקָה (approximate number of occurrences: 157) noun feminine — righteousness.

— צְדָקָה absolute Genesis 15:6 + 81 times; construct צִדְקַת Deuteronomy 33:21 + 5 times; suffix צִדְקָתִי Genesis 30:33 + etc.; plural צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15 + 3 times; construct צִדְקוֹת Judges 5:11 +; suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Daniel 9:16, etc.

1. Righteousness in government

a. Of judge, ruler, king

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Isaiah 5:7; Isaiah 9:6; Amos 5:7; Amos 6:12
• מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה 2 Samuel 8:15, עָשָׂה David executed justice and righteousness = 1 Chronicles 18:14
• (compare 1 Kings 10:9; 2 Chronicles 9:8; Jeremiah 22:3, 15; Jeremiah 33:15; Ezekiel 45:9)
• יִכּוֹן כִּסֵּא בִּצְדָקָה Proverbs 16:12, compare Isaiah 54:14
• עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה, מַעֲשֵׂה הַצְּדָקָה Isaiah 32:17, compare v 16
• נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צְדָקָה Isaiah 60:17

b. Of law

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּטִים) צִדְקַת יְהוָה Deuteronomy 33:21

c. Of Davidic king, Messiah

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Psalm 72:1; Psalm 72:3; Isaiah 9:6; Jeremiah 23:5; Jeremiah 33:15

2. God's attribute as sovereign

Psalm 36:7; Psalm 71:19; in government, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Psalm 99:4; Jeremiah 9:23; administering justice Job 37:28; punishment Isaiah 1:27; Isaiah 5:16; Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 28:17; Daniel 9:7; vindication of his people Micah 7:9.

3. Righteousness in a case or cause

• בְּצִדְקָתִי הֶחֱזַקְתִּי Job 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast
• מַה־יֶּשׁ־לִי עוֹד צְדָקָה 2 Samuel 19:29 what right have I yet?
• Of God's judgments: הִגִּיד צְדָקָה Isaiah 57:12 (ironical)
• הֵשִׁיב צְדָקָה 1 Samuel 26:23; Job 33:26
• כְּצִדְקָה, הֵשִׁיב 2 Samuel 22:25, גָּמַל 2 Samuel 22:21, נָתַן 1 Kings 8:52, 2 Chronicles 6:23

4. Righteousness = truthfulness

• בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה Isaiah 48:1; Zechariah 8:8
• In word Isaiah 45:28; Isaiah 63:1, oath Jeremiah 4:2

5. Righteousness as ethically right

• Genesis 30:33 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 6:25; Isaiah 33:5; Isaiah 41:18; Ezekiel 14:14, 20; Proverbs 10:2; Proverbs 11:4, 5, 18, 19 + 17 times
• צִדְקַת הַצַּדִּיק Isaiah 5:23; Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12; צִדְקַת יְשָׁרִים Proverbs 11:6
• אֹרַח צְדָקָה Proverbs 8:20; Proverbs 12:28; דֶּרֶךְ צְדָקָה Proverbs 16:31
• עָשָׂה צְדָקָה do righteousness Psalm 106:3; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 18:22
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Ezekiel 18:5 + 6 times Ezekiel; Genesis 18:10 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 21:8
• רָדַף צְדָקָה Proverbs 15:9; Proverbs 21:21; הָלַךְ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה 1 Kings 3:6
• חָשַׁב לוֹ צְדָקָה Genesis 15:6 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) imputed to him (for) righteousness, Psalm 106:31
• צְדָקָה וָחֶסֶד Proverbs 21:21 (twice in verse)

6. Righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation

(compare צֶדֶק 6)

a. Of God

• (parallel יָשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה) Isaiah 45:8; Isaiah 46:13; Isaiah 51:6 + 7 times Deutero-Isaiah
• (parallel בְּרָכָה) Psalm 24:6; (parallel נַחֲלָה) Isaiah 54:17; (parallel חֶסֶד) Psalm 36:11; Psalm 103:17
• שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה Malachi 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing)
• בִּצְדָקָה: Jehovah delivers, guides, exalts his people Psalm 5:9; Psalm 31:2; Psalm 71:2; Psalm 89:17; Psalm 119:40; Psalm 143:1, 11; אַל־יָבֹאוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶךָ Psalm 69:28 (of wicked)

As accusative after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness:

• Psalm 22:32; Psalm 40:11; Psalm 51:16; Psalm 71:15, 16, 24; Psalm 98:2; Psalm 145:7
• Also יִוָּדַע צְדָקָה Psalm 88:13; עֹמֶדֶת צְדָקָה לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever Psalm 111:3; compare Psalm 119:142

b. Of people

• = prosperity (parallel הוֹן, עֹשֶׁר) Proverbs 8:18
• מוֹרֶה לִצְדָקָה early rain for prosperity Joel 2:23

7. Plural: Righteous acts

a. Of God

• Judges 5:11 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 12:7; Micah 6:5
• Vindication of right Psalm 103:6; redemptive Isaiah 45:24; Daniel 9:16

b. Of man's moral conduct

• Isaiah 64:5; Jeremiah 51:10; also probably Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:13 (Kethibh singular); Psalm 11:7 (? gloss); Daniel 9:18
• As adverbial accusative: הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15

Preposition, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: δικαιοσύνην δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνῃ δικαιοσύνησ δικαιοσύνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6666:

δικαιοσύνην 49× (31.5%)

δικαιοσύνη 32× (20.3%)

δικαιοσύνῃ 24× (13.7%)

δικαιοσύνησ 14× (9.0%)

δικαιοσύνασ 4× (2.3%)

δικαιοσύναι 3× (1.9%)

ἐλεημοσύνη 3× (1.9%)

'' 3× (1.9%)

pἐν 2× (1.5%)

--- 2× (1.5%)

רב רַב

multiplying one/abundantly

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7227

I. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 429) adjective — much, many, great.

— רַב masculine singular absolute Genesis 24:25 +; רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +; רַבָּ֫תִי (compare GKC¹ §90 k 1) Lamentations 1:1; masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2 +; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Genesis 30:43 +.

1. Much or Many

a. much (of substances)

• 1 Kings 10:2 (gold)
• Psalm 19:11
• 2 Kings 12:11 (silver)

b. many (persons or things)

• Exodus 5:5
• 1 Kings 4:20
• Genesis 21:34 (יָמִים רַבִּים many days)
• Numbers 20:11 (מַיִם רַבִּים many waters)
• Daniel 11:41 (noun omitted; understood as lands)

c. as substantive collective

• Exodus 19:21 (many people)
• 1 Samuel 14:6 (opposed to מְעַט)
• Ezekiel 24:12 (much)

d. construct meaning abounding in

• רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Proverbs 28:20
• רַב־חֶסֶד Exodus 34:6
• רַב־כֹּחַ Psalm 147:5
• רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 Samuel 2:5

e. with comparison (מִן)

• Exodus 1:9 (more numerous than)
• Genesis 36:7 (too many to)

f. abundant or enough

• Genesis 45:28 (רַב enough!)
• Deuteronomy 3:26 (רַב־לָךְ let it suffice thee)
• Numbers 16:3 (ye assume too much)

g. as adverb: much, exceedingly (only in Psalms)

• Psalm 123:3
• Psalm 62:3 (רַבָּה)
• Psalm 65:10 (רַבַּת Aramaism)

2. Great

a. of space and magnitude

• Genesis 7:11 (the great deep)
• Lamentations 1:1 (great city)
• Genesis 6:5 (great wickedness)

b. specifically strong

• 2 Chronicles 14:10 (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ)
• Isaiah 63:1 (רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ mighty to save)

c. of age (major natu)

• Genesis 25:23 (the elder, opposed to צָעִיר)
• Job 32:9 (as substantive: the aged)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

II. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun masculine — chief.

Cognates:

• Assyrian-Babylonian rab
• Aramaic רַב

— construct רַב Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13, Jeremiah 41:1.

1. Meaning and Uses

a. Titles of officers

• רַב טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen Jeremiah 39:9, 2 Kings 25:8 +
• רַב הַחֹבֵל chief of the sailors (captain) Jonah 1:6
• רַב־מָג chief soothsayer (or rab-mugi) Jeremiah 39:3
• רַב־סָרִיס chief eunuch (or rabû-ša-rêši) 2 Kings 18:17, Jeremiah 39:13
• רַבְשָׁקֵה chief of the officers (Assyrian rab-šakû) 2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 36:2 +

b. General usage

• Esther 1:8 (כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ every officer of his house)
• Daniel 1:3 (רַב סָרִיסָיו)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

להושיע לְהוֹשִׁיעַ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישע

yâshaʻ

Definition

properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor; [idiom] at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help, preserve, rescue, be safe, bring (having) salvation, save(-iour), get victory.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3467

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁע

verb • Root ישע • Strongs / High • Page 660

To be wide, spacious; metaphorically, to be free, fortunate, unrestrained, delivered from oppression.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יֶשַׁע and יֵשַׁע

verb / dec. vi. • Root ישע • Page 303

1. help, salvation, deliverance (Ps. 13:6, 50:23). 2. prosperity, happiness (Job 5:4, Ps. 132:17, Is. 61:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3467

I. יָשַׁע verb — deliver, save.

Cognates:

• Arabic وسع wa-sa-ʿa (be capacious, II. make wide, spacious, IV. make sufficient)
• Phoenician ישע
• Sabean יתֿע (royal epithet), proper names אליתֿע, יתֿעאל, עמיתֿע
• Moabite השעני (he delivered me) Mesha Inscription 4

Niph`al

— absolute intransitive and passive. נוֺשַׁע Perfect 3 masculine singular Deuteronomy 33:29; Isaiah 45:17; 2 plural נוֺשַׁעְתֶּם Numbers 10:9; 1 plural נוֺשָׁ֑עְנוּ Jeremiah 8:20; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִוָּשֵׁעַ Jeremiah 30:7; Proverbs 28:18 (+ 1 Samuel 14:47 for MT יַרְשִׁיעַ); 3 feminine singular תִּוָּשַׁע Jeremiah 23:6; Jeremiah 33:16; 1 singular אִוָּשֵׁ֑עָה Psalm 119:117; Jeremiah 17:14; Imperative plural הִוָָּֽשְׁעוּ Isaiah 45:22; Participle נוֺשָׁע Psalm 33:16; Zechariah 9:9.

1. be liberated, saved (properly placed in freedom; compare for the figurative הִרְחִיב, מֶרְחָב), from external evils:
   • Proverbs 28:18
   • by God: Isaiah 30:15; Isaiah 45:22; Isaiah 64:4; Jeremiah 4:14; Jeremiah 8:20; Jeremiah 17:14; Jeremiah 23:6; Jeremiah 33:16; Psalm 80:4, 8, 20; Psalm 119:117
   • with מִן: Jeremiah 30:7; מֵאֹיְבִים Numbers 10:9 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 22:4 = Psalm 18:4
2. be saved in battle, victorious:
   • Zechariah 9:9; Psalm 33:16
   • עַם נוֺשַׁע ביהוה Deuteronomy 33:29 (poem), compare Isaiah 45:17

Hiph`il

— הוֺשִׁעַ Perfect 3 masculine singular 1 Samuel 9:16; Psalm 20:7; הוֺשִׁעַ Zechariah 12:7; suffix הוֺשִׁיעוֺ Psalm 34:7; 1 singular הוֺשַׁעְתִּי Isaiah 43:12; Imperfect יְהוֺשִׁיעַ 1 Samuel 17:47; יוֺשִׁיעַ Isaiah 45:20; וְישַׁע (jussive) Proverbs 20:22; וַיּוֺשַׁע Exodus 14:30; וַיּשַׁע 1 Samuel 23:5; suffix יוֺשִׁיעֲךָ Hosea 13:10; ישִׁעֵנוּ 1 Samuel 10:27; ישַׁעֲכֶם Isaiah 35:4; Imperative הוֺשַׁע Jeremiah 31:7; Psalm 86:2; הוֺשִׁיעָה 2 Kings 6:26; הוֺשִׁעָה 2 Samuel 14:4; Infinitive absolute הוֺשֵׁעַ 1 Samuel 25:26; Infinitive construct הוֺשִׁיעַ 1 Samuel 14:6; 2 Samuel 3:18; Participle מוֺשִׁיעַ Deuteronomy 22:27; suffix מוֺשִׁיעָם Psalm 106:21; plural מוֺשִׁיעִים Obadiah 21; Nehemiah 9:27.

1. deliver, save

(properly give width and breadth to, liberate), in peril, with accusative of person or location:

• Exodus 2:17 (Elohist Source); Judges 6:31; 1 Samuel 23:2, 5; 2 Samuel 10:19; Psalm 36:7
• with לְ person: Joshua 10:6 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 22:27; Judges 10:14; Psalm 72:4
• absolute הוֺשִׁיעָה הַמֶּלֶךְ Help, O king 2 Samuel 14:4; 2 Kings 6:26

a. of heroic men, saving the nation in war

• Judges 3:31; Judges 6:15; Judges 10:1; 1 Samuel 10:27; Hosea 13:10
• named מוֺשִׁיעַ saviour: Judges 3:9, 15; 2 Kings 13:5; Isaiah 19:20; Obadiah 21; Nehemiah 9:27
• phrase אֵין מוֺשִׁיעַ (when lacking): Judges 12:3; 1 Samuel 11:3; Deuteronomy 28:29
• save מִיַּד from the hand of: Judges 2:16; Judges 8:22; 1 Samuel 9:16

b. of God, who saves his people from external evils

• Deuteronomy 20:4; Judges 7:7; 1 Samuel 14:23; 2 Kings 19:34; Isaiah 25:9; Isaiah 35:4; Jeremiah 31:7; Zechariah 8:7; Psalm 28:9; Psalm 106:8
• saving the pious: Isaiah 38:20; Psalm 3:8; Psalm 31:17; Psalm 54:3; Psalm 119:94; Proverbs 20:22
• specifically the king: Psalm 20:7; Psalm 20:10; David 2 Samuel 8:5, 14
• God is מוֺשִׁיעַ saviour: Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:15; Hosea 13:4; משִׁעִי 2 Samuel 22:3

c. there is no other salvation

• the sword saves not: Psalm 44:7
• other entities fail to save: Lamentations 4:17 (nation); Isaiah 47:13 (astrologers); Hosea 14:4 (Asshur); Isaiah 45:20 (other gods)

2. save from moral troubles

(Only in Ezekiel/Jeremiah):

• מִכֹּל מְשׁוּבוֺתֵיהֶם Ezekiel 37:23 (following Co, Da)
• מִכֹּל טֻמְאוֺתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 36:29

3. give victory to

a. of man

• with לְ person, subject יַד: Judges 7:2; 1 Samuel 25:26, 33
• subject יַמִין: Job 40:14; זְרוֺעַ Psalm 44:4

b. of God

• subject יָמִין: Psalm 98:1; זְרוֺעַ Isaiah 59:16
• Yahweh: 1 Chronicles 18:6, 13
• absolute gain victory: 1 Samuel 14:6; 1 Samuel 17:47; וַיּוֺשַׁע תְּשׁוּעָה גְדוֺלָה 1 Chronicles 11:14

¹ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, 1890.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

⁵ Masoretic Text.

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔσωσεν σώσει σῶσόν σῶσον ἡμᾶσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3467:

ἔσωσεν 20× (8.6%)

σώσει 18× (7.6%)

σῶσόν 15× (6.9%)

σῶσον 14× (6.5%)

ἡμᾶσ 13× (5.0%)

σώσω 11× (4.8%)

αὐτοὺσ 11× (3.8%)

σῶσαι 10× (4.0%)

σῴζων 10× (4.2%)

σώσεισ 8× (3.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Who this coming from Edom, splendid with garments from Bozra? this adorned in his attire, bowing himself in his strength? I, speaking in justice, great for salvation.

LITV Translation:
Who is this who comes from Edom with dyed garments from Bozrah, this One adorned in His clothing, bending in His great power? It is I, speaking in righteousness, mighty to save!

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Who is this that is come from Edom, with red garments from Bozrah? thus fair in his apparel, with mighty strength? I speak of righteousness and saving judgment.