Isaiah 62:8

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

נשבע נִשְׁבַּע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שבע

shâbaʻ

Definition

to seven oneself, i.e. swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

Root

a primitive root; properly to be complete, but used only as a denominative from H7651 (שבע);

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly to be complete, but used only as a denominative from שבע; to seven oneself, i.e. swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times); adjure, charge (by an oath, with an oath), feed to the full (by mistake for שבע), take an oath, [idiom] straitly, (cause to, make to) swear.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7650

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁבַע

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1374

(Not used) Possibly assumed as a stem to שָׂבַע. See שָׂבַע.

שָׁבַע

denom. • Root שבע • Strongs / High • Page 1376

Denominative from שֶׁבַע. Intr. prop. to protest or confirm by sacred things, and so to swear.

שָׁבַע

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example used in comparison of sibilants.

שָׁבַע

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1377

To adjure, to charge solemnly (often introduced by לֵאמֹר or אֲשֶׁר).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁבַע

verb • Page 652

to swear. Kal found only in part. pass (Ezek. 21:28). Niph. נִשְׁבַּע to swear; construed with the person/thing sworn by (Gen. 21:23, Deut. 6:13) or the person sworn to (Gen. 24:7). Hiph. 1. to make to swear, to bind by an oath (Num. 5:19, Gen. 50:5). 2. to adjure, conjure.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7650

I. שָׁבַע (approximate number of occurrences: 186) verb — swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Thes¹, Gerb^108ff; Late Hebrew Niph`al = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic שְׁבַע Ithpe`el, Aph`el; see also Dr^{Genesis 21:28} Kö^{Hast. DB iii. 565} RS^{Semitic i. 166, 2nd ed. 182} We^{Reste Arabic Heid. 2, 186}).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Niph`al נִשְׁבַּע
• Aramaic שְׁבַע
• Arabic سبع

Qal

Passive participle שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֺת Ezekiel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co omitted; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שָׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

Niph`al

— Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁבַּע Genesis 24:7 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁבַע Leviticus 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Genesis 24:9 +; 2 masculine singular תִּשֶּׁבֵ֑עַ Deuteronomy 6:13, Deuteronomy 10:20; 1 singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Genesis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1 Kings 2:8; Ezekiel 16:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשָּֽׁבְעָה Genesis 21:23 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הִשָּׁבֵע Numbers 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 7:9; construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 12:16 (twice in verse) + 1 Samuel 20:17; Participle נִשְׁבָּע Zechariah 5:3 +, etc. — swear, take an oath:

1. Subject man:

• a. in asseveration, absolute Genesis 21:24, 31 (Elohist Source), Judges 21:1, 18; 2 Samuel 21:2 +; also followed by וַיּאֹמֶר 1 Samuel 20:3; 1 Kings 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר 2 Samuel 3:35; Joshua 14:9 (Deuteronomic Source); with construct of cognate meaning Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code; "" נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 7:9; Leviticus 5:24 (Priests' Code; + עַל of thing), Malachi 3:5 + על־שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:22 (Priests' Code); + לְמִרְמָה Psalm 24:4; followed by infinitive Leviticus 5:4 (Priests' Code), Psalm 15:4; Psalm 119:106; + ל person take an oath to, Joshua 6:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 9:20 (Priests' Code) Genesis 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה, so also 1 Samuel 20:17 read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבִּיעַ אֶת־); oath allegiance (לַיהוָֹה) Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 45:23; Zephaniah 1:5; 2 Chronicles 15:14, compare 2 Chronicles 15:15; also sq וַיּאֹמֶר 2 Kings 25:24, followed by לֵאמֹר 2 Samuel 21:17; + בַּיהוָֹה Judges 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ 1 Samuel 20:42; Isaiah 48:1, compare Genesis 31:53 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 6:13; Jeremiah 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Isaiah 65:16; Zechariah 5:4 (לַשָּׁקֶר), Leviticus 19:12; Psalm 63:12; Daniel 12:7; as verb of quotation + object חַי־י׳ Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; 1 Samuel 19:6.
• b. imprecate, curse, בִּי by me Psalm 102:9.

2. Subject י׳:

• swear, with בִּי by myself Genesis 22:16 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Jeremiah 22:5, Jeremiah 49:13, Isaiah 45:23, with בְּקָדְשׁוֺ Amos 4:2, compare Psalm 89:36, Amos 6:8; Amos 8:17; Jeremiah 44:26; Isaiah 62:8; swear, followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 1:35; Deuteronomy 4:21; Joshua 21:43; with ל person take an oath to, Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 13:11 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 2:14, Deuteronomy 7:8, Ezekiel 16:8 ("" בּוֺא בִבְרִית), Psalm 89:4 ("" כָּרַת בְּרִית); + ל person + infinitive (usually to give land) Exodus 13:5 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 1:8; Joshua 1:6; Joshua 5:6 (Deuteronomic Redactor), Jeremiah 11:5; Genesis 50:24; Numbers 14:16 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Numbers 32:11 (Priests' Code), Judges 2:1; Micah 7:20.

Hiph`il

— Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exodus 13:19 +, 1 singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Song of Solomon 2:7 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Genesis 50:25 +, suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Genesis 24:37; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exodus 13:19; 1 Samuel 14:28; construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Samuel 14:27; Participle suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1 Kings 22:16. —

1. cause to take an oath:

• subject always man: with accusative of person Genesis 50:6 (Jehovist Source), + 1 Samuel 14:27; 1 Kings 18:10; 2 Kings 11:4; followed by לֵאמֹר Genesis 24:37; Genesis 50:5 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 50:25 (Elohist Source), Joshua 6:26; Exodus 13:19 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); + בַּיהוָֹה Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 2:42, compare Joshua 23:7 (Deuteronomic Redactor), Nehemiah 13:25, 2 Chronicles 36:13.

2. adjure:

• with accusative of person 1 Kings 22:16; 2 Chronicles 18:15; elsewhere in Canticles: Song of Solomon 5:9, 5:8, with אִם that not Song of Solomon 2:7; 3:5; 8:4.

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, *Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris testamenti* (1829–1858).

² W. J. Gerber, *Die Hebräischen Verba Denominativa* (1896).

³ Ed. König in Hastings' *Dictionary of the Bible*, iii. 565.

⁴ W. Robertson Smith, *Religion of the Semites*, i. 166; 2nd ed. (1894).

⁵ J. Wellhausen, *Reste Arabischen Heidentums*, 2nd ed. (1897), 186.

Verb Niphal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ὤμοσεν ὤμοσα ὤμοσαν ὤμοσασ ὥρκισεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7650:

ὤμοσεν 59× (30.6%)

ὤμοσα 24× (12.9%)

ὤμοσαν 9× (4.6%)

ὤμοσασ 8× (4.3%)

ὥρκισεν 8× (3.9%)

ὥρκισα 6× (3.1%)

--- 5× (2.7%)

ὀμόσῃ 4× (2.0%)

ὠμόσαμεν 4× (2.2%)

ὄμοσόν 4× (2.2%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

בימינו בִּימִינוֹ

in the right side of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ימין

yâmîyn

Definition

the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south

Root

from H3231 (ימן);

Exhaustive

from ימן; the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south; [phrase] left-handed, right (hand, side), south.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3225

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָמִין

noun feminine • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 615

1. a light, clear region, the day-side, i. e. the south. 2. the right, the right hand. 3. prosperity, good fortune, the right side being a symbol of good fortune.

יָמִין

noun / masculine • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 616

Right, right hand, the right side; prosperity; an oath. Also used as a proper name and the name of a district in Edom.

יָמִין

noun masculine • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 617

(not used) same as יָמָן in the sense of 'to be on the right' or 'southerly'.

יָמִין

substantive • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 617

The right hand.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָמִין

substantive • Page 285

1. The right side (Gen. 24:49, Num. 20:17). 2. The right hand (Lam. 2:4, Prov. 27:16). 3. The south side, the south (1 Sam. 23:19, Job 23:9). 4. Prosperity (Gen. 35:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3225

I. יָמִין (approximate number of occurrences: 137) noun feminine^{Exodus 15:6} (Proverbs 27:16 no except, see Now Str) — right hand.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Siloam Inscription¹ מימן on the right
• Aramaic יַמִּינָא
• Arabic يمين right, right side, right hand, south
• Ethiopic የማን right hand, የማን right side
• Sabean ימן right hand, ימנת south
• Assyrian imnu right, right side, on the right²

— יָמִין absolute Genesis 13:9 (40 times); construct יְמִין 1 Samuel 23:24 (19 times); suffix יְמִינִי Jeremiah 22:24 (6 times), etc.; always singular.

1. right hand

a. Literally of man

• Often opposed to שׂמאֹול Genesis 48:13, 14 (compare Genesis 48:18), Daniel 12:7
• יָדַע בֵּין יְמִינוֺ לִשְׂמאֹלוֺ Jonah 4:11 distinguish between one's right hand and one's left
• שׁלח ימין Judges 5:26 (+ יָד)
• As holding the lot Ezekiel 21:27; of right hand as skilful Psalm 137:5; as receiving bribes Psalm 26:10 (+ יָדַיִם)
• Used in false swearing יְמִינָם יְמִין שֶׁקֶר Psalm 144:8, 11 their right hand is a right hand of falsehood
• Oft also with יַד: יַד יְמִינוֺ Genesis 48:17 (E Source) hand of his right = his right hand; Judges 7:20; 2 Samuel 20:9
• אִטֵּר יַד יְמִינוֺ Judges 3:15; Judges 20:16 bound as to one's right hand, i.e. left-handed

b. Figurative

• Of right hand as held by יהוה Isaiah 41:13; Isaiah 45:1; so יַד יְמִינִי Psalm 73:23

c. Right hand of Yahweh

• As instrument of delivering Israel Exodus 15:6 (twice), 12; בִּגְבוּרוֺת יֵשַׁע יְמִינוֺ Psalm 20:7; שְׁנוֺת יְמִין עֶלְיוֺן Psalm 77:11; (+ זְרוֺעַ) Psalm 98:1
• As acquiring the temple-site Psalm 78:54; as holding his servant Psalm 18:36, Psalm 63:9; בִּימִין צִדְקִי Isaiah 41:10
• As finding enemies Psalm 21:9 (+ יָד); as full of צֶדֶק Psalm 48:11; as dispensing blessings Psalm 16:11 נעימות בימינך (compare Proverbs 3:16)
• Used in divine oath Psalm 62:8 (+ זְרוֺעַ)

2. Of situation on, or direction toward, the right

a. Of situation

• With מִן: Exodus 14:22, 29 a wall on their right hand and on their left hand; 2 Samuel 16:6; 1 Kings 7:39, 49; 2 Chronicles 3:17; 1 Kings 22:19
• With לְ: וַתֵּשֶׁב לִימִינוֺ 1 Kings 2:19; Psalm 110:1; Psalm 45:10; Psalm 109:31
• With עַל: Zechariah 3:1; 1 Chronicles 6:24; Nehemiah 8:4; Job 30:12
• Without preposition: יְמִין הָעִיר 2 Samuel 24:5; Job 23:9

b. Of direction toward

• Literal: נָטָה ימין Numbers 20:17; Numbers 22:26 (both Jehovist Source); סוּר ימין Deuteronomy 2:27; 1 Samuel 6:12; פָּרַץ ימין ושׂמאֹול Isaiah 54:3; Genesis 13:9
• With עַל: נטה על הַיָּמִין 2 Samuel 2:19, 21; פנה עליֿמין Genesis 24:49
• Figurative of moral deviation: סוּר מִן הַדָּבָר יָמִין וּשׂמאֹול Deuteronomy 17:11, 5:29, 17:20, 28:14; Joshua 1:7, 23:6; 2 Kings 22:2
• Of the right as morally good: לֵב חָכָם לִימִינוֺ Ecclesiastes 10:2 (opposed to שׂמאֹול)

3. Of other parts of the body

• Right thigh: יֶרֶךְ יְמִינוֺ Judges 3:16
• Right eye: עֵין יָמִין 1 Samuel 11:2; Zechariah 11:17
• Right leg (sacrificial): שׁוֺק הַיָּמִין Exodus 29:22; Leviticus 7:32, 33; 8:25; Numbers 18:18

4. South

Because when facing east the right hand is toward the south:

• מִימִין הַיְשִׁימוֺן 1 Samuel 23:19; 24
• ישׁב מִימִינֵךְ Ezekiel 16:46
• צָפוֺן וְיָמִין Psalm 89:13

¹ Siloam Inscription.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB 307).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: δεξιῶν δεξιὰ δεξιά δεξιὰν δεξιᾷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3225:

δεξιῶν 36× (24.8%)

δεξιὰ 28× (19.3%)

δεξιά 17× (11.1%)

δεξιὰν 12× (8.5%)

δεξιᾷ 11× (6.9%)

δεξιᾶσ 10× (6.5%)

δεξιὸν 5× (3.3%)

pεἰσ 4× (3.1%)

δεξιόν 4× (2.8%)

δεξιάν 4× (2.6%)

ובזרוע וּבִזְרוֹעַ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זרוע

zᵉrôwaʻ

Definition

the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force

Root

or (shortened) זרע; and (feminine) זרועה; or זרעה; from H2232 (זרע);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) זרע; and (feminine) זרועה; or זרעה; from זרע; the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force; arm, [phrase] help, mighty, power, shoulder, strength.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זְרוֹעַ

noun masculine • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 444

Also spelled זְרֹעַ. The member necessary for lifting and carrying burdens. 1. The arm, the lower arm, brachium; of animals, the shoulder. 2. Metaphorically: power, might, the might of hands, human might, exertion of power, fulness of power, violence, violent deed, helping power, assistance, help; hence army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זְרוֹעַ

com. gen. • Page 208

1. the arm, in animals the shoulder or fore-leg. Num. 6: 19, 20. Deut. 18: 3. By way of eminence the forepart of the arm (Job 31: 22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2220

I. זְרוֺעַ, זְרֹעַ (approximate number of occurrences: 91) noun feminine (Exodus 6:6) and (rarely) masculine (Isaiah 51:5) — arm, shoulder, strength.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian zurû
• Arabic ذِرَاع
• Aramaic דְּרָעָא, דַּרְעָא
• Ethiopic መዝራዕት

— זְרוֺעַ absolute Exodus 6:6 +, זְרֹעַ Deuteronomy 7:19 +; construct זְרוֺעַ Psalm 10:15 +, זְרֹעַ Psalm 89:11 +; suffix זְרוֺעִי Jeremiah 27:5, Psalm 89:22, זְרֹעִי Isaiah 51:5, Isaiah 63:5; זְרוֺעֲךָ Psalm 71:18 +, זְרֹעֲךָ 1 Samuel 2:31 +, etc.; plural זְרֹעִים Daniel 11:31; construct זְרֹעֵי Genesis 49:24; suffix זְרֹעַי Isaiah 51:5, זְרֹעָיו 2 Kings 9:24; elsewhere feminine form, construct זְרוֺעוֺת Psalm 37:17, זְרֹעוֺת Job 22:9 (6 times), זְרֹעֹת Deuteronomy 33:27; suffix זְרוֺעֹתָ֑י Psalm 18:35, זְרֹעֹתָ֑י 2 Samuel 22:35, etc. (In absolute and construct singular more often plene, in plural and with suffix more often defect. In three instances where ז׳ is masculine it means a political or military force Daniel 11:15, 22, 31).

1. Arm

a. Literally

• Of a man: Judges 15:14; Judges 16:12; 2 Samuel 1:10; Isaiah 9:19; Isaiah 17:5; Deuteronomy 33:20; Zechariah 11:17 (twice); Song of Solomon 8:6; Daniel 10:6; Ezekiel 13:18 (strike out Cornill²)
• (+ כֹּחוֺ ז׳) Of a smith: Isaiah 44:12
• (+ חֲשׂוּפָה ז׳) Of a prophet: Ezekiel 4:7
• In figure of Yahweh teaching Ephraim to walk: Hosea 11:3
• זְרֹעֵי יָדָיו Genesis 49:24 arms of his hands (arms enabling drawing of the bow)
• 2 Kings 9:24 his shoulders (seen from behind)

b. Arm as seat of (human) strength

• Psalm 18:35 = 2 Samuel 22:35
• ז׳ לֹא־עֹז Job 26:2; כּוֺחַ הַזּ׳ Daniel 11:6
• חִוַּקְתִּי ז׳ Hosea 7:15; Ezekiel 30:24–25
• With שׁבר (breaking the arm): Psalm 10:15; Psalm 37:17; Jeremiah 48:25 ("" קֶרֶן); Ezekiel 30:21, 22, 24; ז׳ רָמָה תִּשָּׁבֵר Job 38:15

c. Yahweh's arm as instrument of deliverance and judgment

• ז׳ נְטוּיָה (outstretched arm): Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 26:8; Ezekiel 20:33–34; Psalm 136:12; 1 Kings 8:42 ("" יָד חֲזָקָה)
• In creation: Jeremiah 27:5; Jeremiah 32:17 ("" כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל)
• בִּז׳ נְטוּיָה Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• ז׳ חֲזָקָה Jeremiah 21:5 ("" יָד נְטוּיָה)
• גְּדֹל זְרוֺעֲךָ Exodus 15:16 (Song of the Sea)
• ז׳ קָדְשׁוֺ Psalm 98:1 ("" יְמִינוֺ), Isaiah 52:10
• Support of weak: Isaiah 40:11 (shepherd figure); זְרֹעֹת עוֺלָם Deuteronomy 33:27

2. Arm as symbol of strength

a. Human strength

• 1 Samuel 2:31 (twice; LXX read זַרְעֲךָ and זֶרַע⁴)
• וַתְּאַמֵּץ זְרוֺעתֶיהָ Proverbs 31:17
• ז׳ בָּשָׂר 2 Chronicles 32:8; שָׂם בָּשָׂר זְרֹעוֺ Jeremiah 17:5 ("" יִבְטַח בָּאָדָם)
• זְרֹעוֺת יְתֹמִים Job 22:9 (resources)
• הָיוּ זְרוֺעַ לִבְנֵי־לוֹט Psalm 83:9

b. Divine strength

• Psalm 71:18 ("" גְּבוּרָה)
• זְרֹעוֺ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ Isaiah 40:10
• זְרֹעַי עַמִּים יִשְׁפֹּטוּ Isaiah 51:5 (Strack thinks masculine to avoid feminine verbal ending)
• As help: Isaiah 33:2 ("" יְשׁוּעָה); Isaiah 53:1; Isaiah 59:16

3. Forces

Plural forces, political and military:

• Daniel 11:15
• Daniel 11:22
• Daniel 11:31

4. Shoulder

Shoulder of animal sacrificed, belonging to priest:

• Numbers 6:19 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 18:3

¹ Marcus Jastrow, Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. xi, 1892, p. 123.

² Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ Variorum Bible (Malachi 2:3).

⁴ August Klostermann; S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: βραχίονι βραχίων βραχίονα βραχίονασ βραχίονά

LXX Usage Statistics

H2220:

βραχίονι 15× (13.6%)

βραχίων 14× (14.5%)

βραχίονα 8× (8.7%)

βραχίονασ 7× (7.5%)

βραχίονά 7× (6.9%)

βραχίονεσ 6× (6.2%)

σπέρμα 6× (6.4%)

βραχιόνων 5× (5.5%)

βραχίονοσ 5× (5.3%)

βραχίονί 4× (3.6%)

עזו עֻזּוֹ

his strength/might

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עז

ʻôz

Definition

strength in various applications (force, security, majesty, praise)

Root

or (fully) עוז; from H5810 (עזז);

Exhaustive

or (fully) עוז; from עזז; strength in various applications (force, security, majesty, praise); boldness, loud, might, power, strength, strong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5797

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֹז

substantive • Strongs / High • Page 1071

Strength, power, might; used concretely for a fortress; metaphorically for harsh words or strong confidence.

עֹז

noun masculine • Root עז • Strongs / High • Page 1072

1. Might, strength (of God, men, or animals); also reckless boldness, defiance, violence, power of thunder, anger, courage, firmness. 2. Protecting power, refuge, defence, shelter, deliverance.

עֹז

noun masculine • Root עזז • Strongs / High • Page 1074

Might, strength (of war or God).

עֹז

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1075

power, strength, might. (Ar. عِزّ, Syr. ܚܶܝܠܴ is the same.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֹז

noun • Root עזז • Page 499

Strength, might, power, of God or man (Judg. 5:21); security (Judg. 9:51); glory, majesty (Hab. 3:4; Ps. 96:6); praise (Ps. 8:3); an arrogant or wicked look (Ecc. 8:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5797

I. עֹז, and (rarely) עוֺז (approximate number of occurrences: 95) noun masculine — strength, might (usually in poetry, 44 times in Psalms).

— עֹז absolute Judges 9:51 +, עוֺז Psalm 84:6 +, עָזֿ Isaiah 26:1, once עָ֑ז Genesis 49:3; construct עֹז Micah 5:3 +, עָזֿ Psalm 28:8; suffix עָזִּי Exodus 15:2 (2 times), עֻזִּי Psalm 28:7 +; עָזְּךָ Psalm 21:2 (2 times), עֻזְּךָ Psalm 66:3 +; suffix 1 plural עוּזֵנוּ Psalm 81:2; 3 masculine plural עֻזָּמוּ Psalm 89:18, etc.

1. Material and physical

• מִגְדַּלעֹֿז Judges 9:51, and figurative (of י׳), Psalm 61:4; Proverbs 18:10, מַחֲסִיעֹֿז Psalm 71:7, compare עִיר עָזלָֿנוּ Isaiah 26:1, קִרְיַתעֹֿז Proverbs 18:19 (simile), Proverbs 10:15 = Proverbs 18:11 (figurative)
• עֹז מִבְטֶחָ֑ה Proverbs 21:22 (of a city, read possibly מעוז Toy)
• צוּר עֻזִּי Psalm 62:8 (figurative)
• מְרוֺם עֻזָּהּ Jeremiah 51:53 (of Babylon), מַצְּבוֺת עֻזֵּךְ Ezekiel 26:11 (of Tyre), compare Psalm 30:8 (reading לְהַרְרֵיעֹֿז Targum, Hupfeld, Cheyne, Kautzsch, Wellhausen)
• רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֺ Psalm 150:1 his mighty firmament (Delitzsch, Hupfeld, Kautzsch and others)
• בְּכָלעֹֿז with all one's might 2 Samuel 6:14 = 1 Chronicles 13:8, + 2 Chronicles 30:21 (where so read, for Masoretic Text כְּלֵי עֹז)
• בְּעוֺז Proverbs 31:17, 25
• Judges 5:21 (abstract for concrete, probably corrupt)
• Of crocodile Job 41:14
• קוֺל עֹז Psalm 68:34 a mighty voice
• זְרוֺעַ עֻזּוֺ = his mighty arm (figurative of י׳) Isaiah 62:8, compare Isaiah 51:9; Psalm 89:11; Job 26:2
• גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֺת עֻזּוֺ Job 37:6
• מַטֵּהעֹֿז, figurative of political power Jeremiah 48:17, Ezekiel 19:11, 12, 14, Psalm 110:2

2. Personal, social, and political

a. General usage

• Amos 3:11
• גְּאוֺן עֹז Leviticus 26:19 (Holiness Code)
• Ezekiel 24:21; 30:6, 18; 33:28

b. Bestowed by God

• 1 Samuel 2:10 (Song)
• Psalm 29:11; 68:36; 86:16; 138:3
• עוֺזלֿוֺ בָ֑ךְ Psalm 84:6
• (Implicit) of Zion Isaiah 52:1

c. Of God as strength of his servants

• Micah 5:3; Isaiah 49:5; Psalm 81:2; 84:6
• Exodus 15:2 (+ יְשׁוּעָה) = Isaiah 12:2 = Psalm 118:14
• Isaiah 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי Psalm 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֺ Psalm 89:18
• As stronghold or defence: Jeremiah 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), Psalm 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), Psalm 28:8, Psalm 46:2, Psalm 59:10 (reading עֻזִּי), 59:18, Proverbs 14:26
• Proverbs 24:5 see עַז

3. Might of God

a. As essential attribute

• Habakkuk 3:4; Job 12:16; Psalm 62:12; 63:3; 68:35; 93:1; 96:6 = 1 Chronicles 16:27
• עֹז מֶלֶךְ Psalm 99:4 (Title of י׳)

b. Theme of ascription in praise

• Psalm 29:1 (with יָהַב) = Psalm 96:7 = 1 Chronicles 16:28
• Psalm 59:17 (with שִׁיר), 68:35 (with נָתַן)

c. Exerted for his people and against his foes

• Exodus 15:13 (Song)
• Psalm 21:2 (+ יְשׁוּעָה), 21:14; 66:3; 68:29 (reading עוֺז for עוּזָּה)
• Psalm 74:13; 77:15; 78:26; 105:4 = 1 Chronicles 16:11
• Ezra 8:22 (+ אַמּוֺ), compare עֹז אַמֶּ֑ךָ Psalm 90:11

d. Manifested in connection with the ark

• אֲרוֺן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ 2 Chronicles 6:41 = Psalm 132:8
• עֹז = Ark Psalm 78:61

4. Boldness

עֹז מָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Ecclesiastes 8:1 (changed by wisdom, Delitzsch, Wildboer and others; or read עַז פ׳ he who is impudent, Septuagint, Siegfried).

5. Stronghold

Psalm 8:3 out of the mouth of babes . . . thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, compare v. 3b), so Ewald, Delitzsch, Hupfeld, Kautzsch, Schulz, Cheyne, Driver; or praise (Versions, Baethgen).

¹ Targum.

² Septuagint.

³ Masoretic Text.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἰσχύοσ δυνάμει κράτοσ ἰσχὺν αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5797:

ἰσχύοσ 15× (14.9%)

δυνάμει 7× (6.2%)

κράτοσ 6× (5.8%)

ἰσχὺν 5× (5.2%)

αὐτῆσ 5× (4.2%)

δύναμισ 4× (3.9%)

δύναμιν 3× (3.3%)

δυνάμεωσ 3× (3.1%)

ἰσχύσ 3× (3.0%)

ἰσχύν 3× (3.0%)

אם אִם־

if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H518

I. אִם conjunction (= Aramaic ܐܠ if [and in ܐܒܓܕ, אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except], Arabic إله if [and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except], Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ, compare הֲאִם: see Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik p. 208, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, p. 739; Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages i. §367e) — Targum of Onkelos, Targum of Jonathan אִם, Targum of Haggai אִין.

Cognates:

• Aramaic ܐܠ if, and in ܐܒܓܕ; אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except
• Arabic إله if, and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except
• Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but]
• Assyrian umma
• Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ

1. Hypothetical Particle: If

Construction (see more fully Driver §§136-138, 143; Friedrich, Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze 1884).

• With imperfect (continued by perfects and waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect and waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive):
  • Of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc.; Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8 f.; 1 Kings 1:52; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52; Psalm 132:12.
  • Of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said... וְיַלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc.; Exodus 40:37; and in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with perfect, see below, and with jussives in apodosis).
  • Assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יֻכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָנֶה might be numbered; Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יִלְבִינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow; Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheol, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them; Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.
• With participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as above): Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן then I will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; and with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.
• With perfect:
  • Of future or present time (continued by perfects and waw consecutive: apodosis as above): Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever; Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשִׂמְתָּם then make them, etc.; Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30 f.; Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וְשָׁמַרְתָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
  • Of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before):
    • (α) Judges 9:16-19 אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זֹאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc.; Jeremiah 33:25 f.; Job 31:5 f.; Job 31:9, etc.
    • (β) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעַל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc.; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.
  • With bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If...had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
• With infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying).

Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Driver, Hebrew Tenses i. 20, 6.

2. Special Uses

• Repeated אִם...אִם whether...or (sive...sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly אִם...וְאִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare Syriac ܐܠ...ܐܠ, ܐܒܓ...ܐܠ Psalm 250; ܐܠܗܐ...ܐܠܗܐ and ܐܒܓܕ...𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶).
• After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 and often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11; Ezekiel 14:16; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֱלָא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, אִם...וְאִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Canticles 2:7; Canticles 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as I liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, and need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35): see כִּי; Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2). Compare Strack §90.
• Part of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. Compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִם־יָבִין; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שָׁמַעְתָּנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!
• Nearly = when — with the perfect: (α) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Driver §136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2. (β) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

3. Compounded with Other Particles

• בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4. (Perhaps הֲלוֹא אִם 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Dillmann, Gesenius, Hi).)
• כִּי אִם, q.v.
• עַד אִם Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, and עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.
• רַק אִם if only (see רַק).

אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6 b is very difficult. The versions render If I had sent, etc., implying לֹא for אִם־לֹא (for Ewald's אִם־לוּ = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Gesenius, Hi, Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע).

4. Interrogative Particle

• In direct question: (α) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאָה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...? Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12. (β) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ...אִם, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25 b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ...וְאִם (rarer than הֲ...אִם, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8 f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה and Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause).
• In oblique interrogation, if, whether: (α) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Canticles 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9). (β) disjunctively הֲ...אִם Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so אִם...וְאִם Joshua 24:15.

Compounded with הֲ, הֲאִם Numbers 17:28 הֲאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הֲאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886.

³ William Wright, A Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Cambridge, 1890.

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

⁵ Friedrich Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze, 1884.

⁶ Yahwist Source.

⁷ Hermann Strack, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen, Leipzig, 1896.

Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

אתן אֶתֵּן

their eternal selves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

דגנך דְּגָנֵךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דגן

dâgân

Definition

properly, increase, i.e. grain

Root

from H1711 (דגה);

Exhaustive

from דגה; properly, increase, i.e. grain; corn (floor), wheat.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1715

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּגָן

verb • Root דגן • Strongs / High • Page 355

(Not used in verb form) intransitive. to grow, to put forth fruit, particularly of the ears.

דָּגָן

noun / masculine • Root דגן • Strongs / High • Page 355

A young shoot, sprout; more definitely fruit of the ears, corn, of wheat, rye, barley. Sometimes bread.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּגָן

noun masculine • Page 156

corn, grain. Gen. 27:28, 37. Num. 18:26.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1715

I. דָּגָן (approximate number of occurrences: 40) noun masculine — corn, grain (of cereals).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Samaritan דגן (see Thes.¹)
• Phoenician ארצת דגן

— דָּגָן absolute Genesis 27:28 (29 times); construct דְּגַן Psalm 78:24; suffix דְּגָנִי Hosea 2:11; דְּגָָֽנְךָ Deuteronomy 7:13, Deuteronomy 12:17, Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 18:4; דְּגָנֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 11:14; דְּגָנֵלךְ Isaiah 62:8; דְּגָנָם Psalm 4:8, Psalm 65:10.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Corn, with תִּירוֺשׁ (must)

• Genesis 27:28, 37 (Jehovist Source)
• Psalm 4:8
• Isaiah 62:8
• Hosea 2:11; Hosea 7:14; Hosea 9:1
• Zechariah 9:17
• Compare Numbers 18:27 (Priests' Source; for תירושׁ, מְלֵאָה מִןהַֿיָּ֑קֶב); Lamentations 2:12 (where יַיִן); Hosea 14:8 (where גֶּפֶן & לְבָנוֺן יֵין)

b. Land of corn and must (אֶרֶץ דָּגָן וְתִירוֹשׁ)

• Of Canaan: Deuteronomy 33:28
• Of land of captives (Rabshakeh's speech): 2 Kings 18:32 = Isaiah 36:17

c. Usually with תִּירוֺשׁ and יִצְהָר (oil)

• Numbers 18:12
• Deuteronomy 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51
• 2 Chronicles 31:5 (+ דבשׁ), 32:28
• Nehemiah 5:11; 10:40; 13:5, 12
• Jeremiah 31:12
• Hosea 2:10, 24
• Joel 1:10, 17; 2:19
• Haggai 1:11

d. Used alone (rare and late)

• Nehemiah 5:2–3, 10
• Psalm 65:10
• Ezekiel 36:29
• דְּגַן שָֿׁמַיִם (corn of heaven): Psalm 78:24

2. Specific classifications

Of the above the following refer to:

1. firstfruits offered to the priests
   • Numbers 18:12 (compare Numbers 18:27)
   • Deuteronomy 18:4
   • 2 Chronicles 31:5
2. tithes
   • Deuteronomy 12:17
   • Deuteronomy 14:23
   • Nehemiah 13:5, 12
3. both generally
   • Nehemiah 10:40
4. loaning on usury
   • Nehemiah 5:10–11

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris testamenti (1829–1858).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: σίτου σῖτον σῖτοσ σίτῳ σῖτόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1715:

σίτου 14× (33.9%)

σῖτον 10× (23.1%)

σῖτοσ 5× (12.5%)

σίτῳ 4× (10.3%)

σῖτόν 4× (8.8%)

עוד עוֹד

going around/he has testified

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עוד

ʻôwd

Definition

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

Root

or עד; from H5749 (עוד);

Exhaustive

or עד; from עוד; properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more; again, [idiom] all life long, at all, besides, but, else, further(-more), henceforth, (any) longer, (any) more(-over), [idiom] once, since, (be) still, when, (good, the) while (having being), (as, because, whether, while) yet (within).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5750

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle similar to עַד, denoting continuance, with which עַד is sometimes interchanged.

עוֹד

noun / particle • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

A noun on this account. Used adverbially or as a particle with suffix, meaning 'since' or 'as long as'.

עוֹד

aram. (aramaic) • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Aramaic word, same meaning as the related Hebrew particle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹד

adverb • Root עוד • Page 494

Originally an infin. absol. from עוּד. 1. again, a second time (Gen. 4:25). 2. repeatedly, continually (Gen. 46:29; Ruth 1:14). 3. further, moreover (Ecc. 3:16). 4. yet, still; with a negative, 'no more' (Gen. 7:4; 8:10). Used with suffixes (e.g., עוֹדֶנִּי I am yet).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5750

I. עוֺד and (14 times) עֹד noun masculine — a going round, continuance; but used mostly as adverb accusative — still, yet, again, besides.

— suffix עוֺדֶנִּי (with apparently verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי¹) Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; 1 Samuel 20:14; עוֺדִי Genesis 48:15; Psalm 104:33; Psalm 139:18; Psalm 146:2; עוֺדְךָ Genesis 46:30 (4 times); feminine עוֺדָךְ 1 Kings 1:14; עוֺדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 (20 times); עוֺדֶנָּה 1 Kings 1:22; עוֺדָהּ Isaiah 28:4; עוֺדָם Isaiah 4:18; Esther 6:14; 3 feminine plural עוֺדֶינָה Kt (Qr 1 plural עוֺדֵינוּ) Lamentations 4:17. There occur also עוֺד אֲנִי 2 Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, 21; and עוֺד הֵם Isaiah 65:24.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Expressing continuance or persistence (still, yet)

• Genesis 18:22 (ואברהם עודנו עמֵד)
• Genesis 29:7 (הן עוד היום גדול)
• Genesis 43:7 (הַעוֺד אֲבִיכֶם חַי)
• 1 Samuel 13:7 (after casus pendens)
• Isaiah 5:25 (ועוד יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה)
• עוֺד לֹא not yet: Jeremiah 40:5; 2 Chronicles 20:23
• עוֺדֶנּוּ מְדַבֵּר while still speaking: Genesis 29:9; 1 Kings 1:22, 42; Job 1:16–18

b. Expressing addition or repetition (still, yet, more)

• Genesis 7:4 (after yet seven days)
• Genesis 29:27, 30 (עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות)
• Habakkuk 2:3 (כִּי עוֺד חָזוֺן לַמּוֺעֵד)
• Psalm 84:5 (עוד יהללוך)
• עוֺד מְעַט וְ yet a little and: Exodus 17:4; Hosea 1:4
• לא ... עוד no more: Exodus 2:3; Genesis 17:5; Isaiah 2:4

c. When the continuance is limited to a single occurrence (again)

• Genesis 4:25
• Genesis 18:29 (וַיֹּסֶף עוֺד לְדַבֵּר)
• Genesis 24:20 (וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֺד)
• 1 Samuel 10:22
• Jeremiah 31:4, 5, 23

d. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense)

• Genesis 19:12 (עוֺד מי לך פה)
• 1 Samuel 16:11 (עוֺד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן)
• וְאֵין עוֺד and there is none besides: Deuteronomy 4:39; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18
• אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֺד: Isaiah 47:8, 10; Zephaniah 2:15

2. With prefixes

a. בְּעוֺד literally in the continuance of ...

• While yet: Genesis 25:6 (בְּעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי); 2 Samuel 12:22; Psalm 104:33 (בְּעוֺדִי)
• Within yet (of time): Genesis 40:13, 19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 21:16
• Within yet (of distance): Genesis 48:7 (בְּעוֺד כִּבְרַת ארץ)

b. מֵעוֺד literally from the continuance of ...

• מֵעוֺדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was ...: Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30

Aramaic

עוֺד adverb still (Biblical Hebrew עוֺד; compare S-C⁶; ᵑ7; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic⁷).

• Daniel 4:28 עוֺד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא

¹ Olshausen, Justus. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861), § 222 g.

² Stade, Bernhard. Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 352 b.

³ König, Friedrich Eduard. Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 444, iii. 360.

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 100. 5.

⁵ Siloam Inscription (SI).

⁶ Solomon Schechter and Charles Taylor, The Wisdom of Ben Sira (1899).

⁷ Friedrich Schulthess, Lexicon Syropalaestinum (1903).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔτι οὐκέτι --- ἕωσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5750:

ἔτι 314× (64.0%)

οὐκέτι 58× (11.6%)

--- 33× (6.8%)

ἕωσ 8× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.2%)

ἀλλ' 4× (0.8%)

ἦν 4× (0.8%)

πάλιν 3× (0.6%)

ἄλλοσ 3× (0.6%)

---% 3× (0.5%)

מאכל מַאֲכָל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאכל

maʼăkâl

Definition

an eatable (includ. provender, flesh and fruit)

Root

from H398 (אכל);

Exhaustive

from אכל; an eatable (includ. provender, flesh and fruit); food, fruit, (bake-)meat(-s), victual.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3978

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַאֲכָל

noun masculine • Root אכל • Strongs / High • Page 800

What is eatable, hence food, nourishment, victuals, provender for animals, or product of the field.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַאֲכָל

m. verbal / dec. ii. b. • Root אכל • Page 351

food. (Gen. 2:9). Also עֵץ מַאֲכָל a fruit-tree and צֹאן מַאֲכָל sheep intended for food (Ps. 44:12).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3978

I. מַאֲכָל (approximate number of occurrences: 30) noun masculine Judges 14:14 (feminine Habakkuk 1:16) — food.

— מַאֲכָל absolute Genesis 2:9 (21 times); construct מַאֲכַל Genesis 40:7 (3 times); suffix מַאֲכָֽלְךָ Ezekiel 4:10; מַאֲכָלוֺ Habakkuk 1:16; מַאֲכָלָהּ Proverbs 6:8; מַאֲכַלְכֶם Daniel 1:10.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. General uses

• In general: Genesis 6:21; 1 Kings 10:5; 2 Chronicles 9:4; Haggai 2:12
• Opposed to drink: Ezra 3:7; 2 Chronicles 11:11; Daniel 1:10
• Phrase: מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה desirable food Job 33:20

b. Specific applications

• Fruit: Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:6 (+ טוֺב לְמַאֲכָל good for food)
• Tree for food: עֵץ־מַאֲכָל Leviticus 19:23; Deuteronomy 20:20; Nehemiah 9:25; Ezekiel 47:12 (twice in verse)
• Grain: (+ דָּגָן) Isaiah 62:8
• Honey: Judges 14:14
• Flour: 1 Chronicles 12:41 (+ קֶמַח)
• Food of ants: Proverbs 6:8 (+ לֶחֶם)
• Baker's work: Genesis 40:17 (compare Ezekiel 4:10)

2. Figurative and Other Uses

a. Figurative and similes

• figurative of peoples as fishes, food for Chaldeans: Habakkuk 1:16
• simile of suffering people: צאֹן מַאֲכָל sheep for food Psalm 44:12

b. As food for beasts and birds of prey

• Applied to carcasses: Deuteronomy 28:26; Psalm 79:2; Jeremiah 7:33; Jeremiah 16:4; Jeremiah 19:7; Jeremiah 34:20; Psalm 74:14

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βρῶσιν βρώματα βρώσιμον βρῶσισ βρωμάτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H3978:

βρῶσιν 7× (21.1%)

βρώματα 6× (17.1%)

βρώσιμον 3× (10.4%)

βρῶσισ 2× (6.9%)

βρωμάτων 2× (6.4%)

לאיביך לְאֹיְבַיִךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איב

ʼôyêb

Definition

hating; an adversary

Root

or (fully) אויב; active participle of H340 (איב);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אויב; active participle of איב; hating; an adversary; enemy, foe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H341

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹיֵב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 110

enemy, hater, opposer in the widest sense

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹיֵב

particle • Root איב • Page 43

Part. enemy, adversary, Gen. 22: 17. 49: 8. Fem. אֹיֶבֶת female adversary, Mic. 7: 8, 10.

Preposition, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0341:

No stats available

ואם וְאִם־

and if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H518

I. אִם conjunction (= Aramaic ܐܠ if [and in ܐܒܓܕ, אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except], Arabic إله if [and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except], Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ, compare הֲאִם: see Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik p. 208, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, p. 739; Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages i. §367e) — Targum of Onkelos, Targum of Jonathan אִם, Targum of Haggai אִין.

Cognates:

• Aramaic ܐܠ if, and in ܐܒܓܕ; אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except
• Arabic إله if, and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except
• Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but]
• Assyrian umma
• Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ

1. Hypothetical Particle: If

Construction (see more fully Driver §§136-138, 143; Friedrich, Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze 1884).

• With imperfect (continued by perfects and waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect and waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive):
  • Of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc.; Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8 f.; 1 Kings 1:52; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52; Psalm 132:12.
  • Of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said... וְיַלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc.; Exodus 40:37; and in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with perfect, see below, and with jussives in apodosis).
  • Assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יֻכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָנֶה might be numbered; Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יִלְבִינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow; Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheol, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them; Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.
• With participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as above): Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן then I will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; and with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.
• With perfect:
  • Of future or present time (continued by perfects and waw consecutive: apodosis as above): Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever; Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשִׂמְתָּם then make them, etc.; Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30 f.; Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וְשָׁמַרְתָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
  • Of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before):
    • (α) Judges 9:16-19 אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זֹאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc.; Jeremiah 33:25 f.; Job 31:5 f.; Job 31:9, etc.
    • (β) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעַל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc.; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.
  • With bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If...had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
• With infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying).

Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Driver, Hebrew Tenses i. 20, 6.

2. Special Uses

• Repeated אִם...אִם whether...or (sive...sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly אִם...וְאִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare Syriac ܐܠ...ܐܠ, ܐܒܓ...ܐܠ Psalm 250; ܐܠܗܐ...ܐܠܗܐ and ܐܒܓܕ...𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶).
• After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 and often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11; Ezekiel 14:16; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֱלָא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, אִם...וְאִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Canticles 2:7; Canticles 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as I liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, and need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35): see כִּי; Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2). Compare Strack §90.
• Part of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. Compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִם־יָבִין; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שָׁמַעְתָּנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!
• Nearly = when — with the perfect: (α) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Driver §136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2. (β) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

3. Compounded with Other Particles

• בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4. (Perhaps הֲלוֹא אִם 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Dillmann, Gesenius, Hi).)
• כִּי אִם, q.v.
• עַד אִם Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, and עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.
• רַק אִם if only (see רַק).

אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6 b is very difficult. The versions render If I had sent, etc., implying לֹא for אִם־לֹא (for Ewald's אִם־לוּ = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Gesenius, Hi, Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע).

4. Interrogative Particle

• In direct question: (α) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאָה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...? Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12. (β) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ...אִם, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25 b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ...וְאִם (rarer than הֲ...אִם, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8 f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה and Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause).
• In oblique interrogation, if, whether: (α) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Canticles 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9). (β) disjunctively הֲ...אִם Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so אִם...וְאִם Joshua 24:15.

Compounded with הֲ, הֲאִם Numbers 17:28 הֲאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הֲאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886.

³ William Wright, A Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Cambridge, 1890.

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

⁵ Friedrich Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze, 1884.

⁶ Yahwist Source.

⁷ Hermann Strack, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen, Leipzig, 1896.

Conjunction, Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

ישתו יִשְׁתּוּ

they are drinking

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שתה

shâthâh

Definition

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively); [idiom] assuredly, banquet, [idiom] certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk ([idiom] -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of שקה.)

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8354

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

to drink (participle, future, perfect conjugations mentioned).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

I. Properly to swallow, to suck in, to draw in moisture, and so to drink (applied to men and beasts). Metaphor: to revel, to banquet.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

I. Denotes properly to extend, spread out a carpet, couch, for a feast. Nif. נִשְׁתָּה to be drunk, of liquor (Lev. 11, 34).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

II. (not used) trans. same as שָׁתַח II. to spin, to weave, to mix, to twist.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Root שית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

III. (not used) trans. same as שִׁית I. to set, to erect, to place, to set up, of columns, pillars; modern Hebrew of bases, hence שִׁתָּה a base. Syr. foundation, root, basis, metaphor. buttock.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

1. to drink (Job 15:16, Prov. 26:6, Am. 6:6). 2. to sit at table, to banquet (Est. 7:1). Includes passive and Niph. forms.

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

to drink (Dan. 5:1, 2, 23). Also written שְׁתָא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8354

I. שָׁתָה (approximate number of occurrences: 217) verb — drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian šatû
• Ethiopic ሰተየ
• Old Aramaic שתה
• Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי
• Sabean שתי¹

Qal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁתָה Exodus 34:28 +, 1 singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 Samuel 1:15 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Genesis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 Kings 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתּ Genesis 9:21 +; jussive וְיֵשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:18; 3 feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתּ Numbers 20:11; 2 masculine singular with apocope תֵּשְׁתּ Judges 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:22; 1 singular וָאֵשְׁתּ Genesis 24:46; 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psalm 78:44, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁתֵה Genesis 24:14 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁתֹה Isaiah 21:5; Jeremiah 49:12 (in 1 Samuel 1:9 anomalous³), שָׁתוֺ Jeremiah 25:28 +, שָׁתוֺת Isaiah 22:13; construct שְׁתוֺ Proverbs 31:4, שְׁתוֺת Jeremiah 35:8, 14, לִשְׁתֹּת Genesis 24:19 +, suffix שְׁתוֺתוֺ 1 Kings 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֺתָהּ Isaiah 51:22 etc.; Participle active שֹׁתֶה Isaiah 29:8 +, feminine שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of man: drink water, wine, etc.

• Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 15:24 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 30:12
• Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11
• Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 62:8–9
• milk Ezekiel 25:4; Songs 5:1
• blood 1 Chronicles 11:19 (figurative of water gained by hazard)
• figurative חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of Yahweh] my spirit drinks up
• accusative + מִן of source Exodus 7:18 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 7:21 (Elohist Source), Exodus 15:23 (Jehovist Source), Proverbs 5:15 (figurative)
• with בְּ of vessel Amos 6:6, compare Genesis 44:5; Proverbs 9:5

b. Participle as substantive

• שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14, 16
• שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Joel 1:5
• שׁוֺתֵי שֵׁכָר Psalm 69:13

c. Partitive with מִן

• Genesis 9:21
• Exodus 7:24
• Ruth 2:9
• figurative Jeremiah 51:7

d. Drink in sacrificial feast

• Deuteronomy 32:38 (poem)
• blood of sacrificial victim Psalm 50:13 (figurative of Yahweh)

e. Subject animals

• Numbers 20:19
• Jonah 3:7
• figurative Ezekiel 34:18, 19
• Genesis 24:19, 22; Genesis 30:38

f. Figurative of drinking cup of Yahweh's wrath

• אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17, 22
• Ezekiel 23:32, 34
• Jeremiah 25:16, 26, 27
• Habakkuk 2:16
• Obadiah 1:16
• מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Job 21:20

g. Drink blood, figurative of slaughter

• Numbers 23:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source; of lion, metaphor of Israel)
• Zechariah 9:15 (reading דָּמָם for הָמוּ)
• Ezekiel 39:17, 18, 19

h. Figurative of wicked deeds

• יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Proverbs 4:17
• Job 15:16; Job 34:7
• Proverbs 26:6 (apparently = suffers violence)

2. Late usage

= feast:

• Esther 3:15
• Esther 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה)

Niphal

Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Leviticus 11:34 (Priests' Code) all which is (may be) drunk, with בְּ of vessel.

— נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Proverbs 27:15 see I. שׁוה. For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.

¹ DHM (D.H. Müller) ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403; Hom (F. Hommel) Chr 124.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Gesenius § 113e; omitted by ᵐ5 (Septuagint), Th (Thenius), We (Wellhausen), Dr (S.R. Driver).

⁴ Gesenius § 75n.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: πιεῖν ἔπιον πίονται ἔπιεν πίεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H8354:

πιεῖν 34× (14.4%)

ἔπιον 19× (8.1%)

πίονται 12× (5.3%)

ἔπιεν 12× (4.9%)

πίεται 11× (4.8%)

πίεσαι 9× (4.1%)

πίνοντεσ 9× (3.6%)

πίεσθε 8× (3.4%)

πίνων 8× (3.7%)

πίε 7× (3.1%)

בני בְנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

נכר נֵכָר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נכר

nêkâr

Definition

foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom

Root

' from H5234 (נכר);

Exhaustive

' from נכר; foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom; alien, strange ([phrase] -er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5236

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֵכָר

noun masculine • Root נכר • Strongs / High • Page 972

Anything strange; a strange land, opposite to home; a heathen or non-Israelite; a heathen land, god, woman, or worship.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵכָר

verb • Root נכר • Page 445

Foreignness, a strange place (Deut. 31:16); a stranger (Gen. 17:12, 27; Ex. 12:43). Also used for an enemy (Ps. 18:45, 46) and strange gods (Gen. 35:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5236

I. נֵכָר noun masculine — that which is foreign, foreignness (properly unknown, compare Arabic √; on formation compare Lag¹).

— נֵכָר absolute Judges 10:16 +; construct נֵכַר־ Deuteronomy 31:16; — foreignness (of another family, tribe, or nation), especially:

1. Foreign gods

אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)נֵּכָר = foreign gods:

• Genesis 35:2, 4; Joshua 24:20, 23 (all Elohist Source², = אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים of Deuteronomist Source³, compare אַחֵר)
• Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; Jeremiah 5:19; 2 Chronicles 33:5
• אֱלֹהֵי נֵכַר הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 31:16 = foreign gods of the land
• singular אֵל נֵכָר Deuteronomy 32:12; Malachi 2:11; Psalm 81:10; אֱלוֹהַּ נֵכָר Daniel 11:39

2. Foreigner

a. Singular בֶּן־(הַ)נֵּכָר

• Genesis 17:12 ("" לֹא מִזַּרְעֲךָ), Genesis 17:27; Exodus 12:43 (all Priestly Code⁴)
• Leviticus 22:25 (Holiness Code⁵)
• Ezekiel 44:9 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 9:2; Isaiah 56:3

b. Plural בְּנֵי (הַ)נֵּכָר

• 2 Samuel 22:45, 46 = Psalm 18:45, 46
• Ezekiel 44:7; Isaiah 56:6; Isaiah 60:10; Isaiah 61:5; Isaiah 62:8; Psalm 144:7; Psalm 144:11

3. Other combinations

• הַבְלֵי נֵכָר Jeremiah 8:19 foreign vanities (idolatries)
• מִזְבְּחוֹת הַנֵּכָר 2 Chronicles 14:2 foreign altars
• אַדְמַת נֵכָר Psalm 137:4 foreign soil
• מִכָּל־נֵכָר Nehemiah 13:30 from everything foreign

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 51, 154 (Lag^BN).

² Elohist Source.

³ Deuteronomist Source.

⁴ Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁵ Holiness Code.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀλλοτρίουσ ἀλλότριοι ἀλλοτρίων ἀλλοτρίου ἀλλογενὴσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5236:

ἀλλοτρίουσ 7× (17.3%)

ἀλλότριοι 5× (14.2%)

ἀλλοτρίων 4× (10.9%)

ἀλλοτρίου 3× (8.5%)

ἀλλογενὴσ 3× (8.1%)

ἀλλογενῶν 2× (5.7%)

ἀλλογενεῖσ 2× (5.7%)

ἀλλοτρίοισ 2× (5.7%)

תירושך תִּירוֹשֵׁךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תירוש

tîyrôwsh

Definition

must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine

Root

or תירש; from H3423 (ירש) in the sense of expulsion;

Exhaustive

or תירש; from ירש in the sense of expulsion; must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine; (new, sweet) wine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8492

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תִּירוֹשׁ

noun masculine • Root ירש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1511

(with suff. תִּירוֹשִׁי) m. prop. what is got from grapes or fruits; hence new wine, must, symbolising fulness and blessing Hos. 7, 14, Gen. 27, 28 37, Deut. 33, 28; unfermented wine Mic. 6, 15; sweet mead Zech. 9, 17; juice of the grape Is. 65, 8.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תִּירוֹשׁ

noun masculine • Root ירש • Page 714

New wine, must. Gen. 27:28; Deut. 33:28; 2 K. 18:32. Also spelled תִּירֹשׁ.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8492

I. תִּירוֺשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 38) noun masculine¹ — must, fresh or new wine; on meaning, see ARSK².

— תִּירוֺשׁ absolute Numbers 18:12 (24 times); תִּירשׁ Genesis 27:28 (3 times); suffix תִּירוֺשִׁי Judges 9:13, Hosea 2:11; תִּירשְׁךָ Deuteronomy 7:13 (4 times in Deuteronomy); תִּירוֺשֵׁךְ Isaiah 62:8; תִּירוֺשָׁם Psalm 4:8.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. As enlivening or injurious

• As enlivening: ת׳ הַמְּשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים Judges 9:13
• As injurious: זְנוּת וְיַיִן וְת׳ יִקַּחלֵֿב Hosea 4:11

b. Natural state and production

• In poetry regarded as contained in the grapes: הַתּ׳ יִמָּצֵא בָּאֶשְׁכּוֺל Isaiah 65:8, compare Isaiah 24:7 ("" גֶּפֶן)
• As yielding wine (יַיִן): תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת וְלֹא תָסוּךְ שֶׁמֶן וְת׳ וְלֹא תִּשְׁתֶּה יָ֑יִן Micah 6:15

c. As a sign of fertility or valuable product

• וְת׳ יְקָבֶיךָ יִפְדֹ֑צוּ Proverbs 3:10 with must thy vats shall burst open
• Associated with דָּגָן (q. v.) grain: Genesis 27:28, 37 (Jehovist Source³); Hosea 2:11; Hosea 7:14; Zechariah 9:17; Psalm 4:8; Isaiah 62:8; ת׳ Hosea 9:2 ("" גֹּרֶן, יֶקֶב compare Hosea 9:1); אֶרֶץ ד׳ וְת׳ Deuteronomy 33:28
• Associated with יִצְהָר oil: Joel 2:24; Nehemiah 10:38 (+ מְּרִי כָלעֵֿץ)
• Triad of דָּגָן, תִּירוֺשׁ, and יִצְהָר: Hosea 2:10; Hosea 3:24; Deuteronomy 7:13; Deuteronomy 11:14; Deuteronomy 12:17; Deuteronomy 14:23; Deuteronomy 18:4; Deuteronomy 28:51; Jeremiah 31:12; Haggai 1:11; Joel 1:10; Joel 2:19; 2 Chronicles 32:28; Nehemiah 5:11; Nehemiah 10:40; Nehemiah 13:5, 12
• Other combinations: חֵלֶב ת׳ Numbers 18:12 (see חֵלֶב; + id.); ת׳ 2 Chronicles 31:5 (+ דגן, יצהר, and דְּבַשׁ); אֶרֶץ דָּגָן וְת׳ Isaiah 36:17 = 2 Kings 18:32 (+ אֶרֶץ זַיִת יִצְהָר וּדְבַשׁ)

¹ Gender attested in Judges 9:13.

² Archibald Robert Stirling Kennedy, "Wine and Strong Drink," in Encyclopaedia Biblica, ed. T. K. Cheyne and J. S. Black, vol. 4 (London: A. & C. Black, 1903), cols. 5307 f.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: οἴνου οἶνον οἶνόν οἶνοσ οἴνῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8492:

οἴνου 16× (41.4%)

οἶνον 7× (17.1%)

οἶνόν 5× (11.8%)

οἶνοσ 4× (11.1%)

οἴνῳ 4× (11.1%)

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Particle relative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

יגעת יָגַעַתְּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יגע

yâgaʻ

Definition

properly, to gasp; hence, to be exhausted, to tire, to toil

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to gasp; hence, to be exhausted, to tire, to toil; faint, (make to) labour, (be) weary.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָגַע

verb • Root יגע • Strongs / High • Page 576

To grieve, to be weary, uneasy, or weak with toil; to exert oneself, strive; to work with toil. In Piel: to weary, make faint, exhaust. In Hifil: to weary, oppress.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָגַע

verb • Root יגע • Page 269

1. to labour, to exert one's self. Job 9: 29. Prov. 23: 4. Is. 49: 4. 65: 23. 2. to be wearied. 2 Sam. 23: 10. Is. 40: 31. Ps. 6: 7. Pi. to fatigue, make weary. Josh. 7: 3. Ecc. 10: 15. Hiph. 1. to load, burden. Is. 43: 23. 2. to weary, be troublesome. Is. 43: 24. Mal. 2: 17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3021

I. יָגַע, יָגֵעַ verb — toil, grow or be weary.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian êgû, grow weary¹
• Arabic وجع have pain, suffer

— יָגַע Qal Perfect יָגְעָה 2 Samuel 23:10; יָגַעְתָּ Joshua 24:13, Isaiah 43:22; יָגַעַתְּ Isaiah 47:12 (2 times); יָנָעַתְּ Isaiah 47:15; יָגַעְתִּי Psalm 6:7 (3 times); יָגַעְנוּ Lamentations 5:5; Imperfect יִיגַע Isaiah 40:28; 2 masculine singular תִּיגַע Proverbs 23:4; אִיגָע Job 9:29; יִיגְעוּ Habakkuk 2:13; יִגְעוּ Jeremiah 51:58, Isaiah 65:23; יִיגָעוּ Isaiah 40:31; יִגָעוּ Isaiah 40:30.

1. Qal

a. Toil, labour

• Joshua 24:13 (Deuteronomist Source) (+ בְּ)
• Isaiah 62:8
• Isaiah 47:15 (followed by accusative אשר)
• Isaiah 47:12 (followed by בְּ instrumental)
• Isaiah 49:4 (absolute, + לְרִיק, parallel to וְהֶבֶל כֹּחִי כִלֵּיתִי)
• Isaiah 65:23
• Jeremiah 51:58 (parallel to יעף)
• Habakkuk 2:13
• Lamentations 5:5 (parallel to לֹאהֿוּנַּתלָֿ֑נוּ)
• Job 9:29
• Proverbs 23:4

b. Grow or be weary (from toil, exertion, endurance)

• 2 Samuel 23:10 (omitted by accident in parallel 1 Chronicles 11:13, see Driver²)
• Psalm 6:7 (followed by בְּ)
• Psalm 69:4
• Isaiah 43:22
• Isaiah 57:10
• Jeremiah 45:3
• Isaiah 40:28, 30, 31 (in all parallel to יעף)

2. Pi‘el

— Pi‘el Imperfect 3 feminine singular suffix 3 masculine singular תְּיַגְּעֶנּוּ Ecclesiastes 10:15 weary, make weary (subject עֲמַל הכסילים); 2 masculine singular תְּיַגַּע cause to go toilsomely:

• Joshua 7:3 (followed by accusative)

3. Hiph‘il

— Hiph‘il Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הוֺגַעְתַּנִי Isaiah 43:24; הוֺגַעְתִּיךָ Isaiah 43:23; plural הוֺגַעְתֶּם Malachi 2:17; הוֺגָעְנוּ Malachi 2:17 — make to toil (always with בְּ instrumental):

• Isaiah 43:23 (with accusative of person make to toil, weary; parallel to העביד)
• Isaiah 43:24 (object י׳; weary, figurative)
• Malachi 2:17 (twice in verse)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886), 140.

² S.R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

³ Deuteronomist Source.

Verb Qal perfect second person feminine singular

LXX: κοπιάσουσιν ἐκοπίασα ἐκοπίασασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3021:

κοπιάσουσιν 4× (12.5%)

ἐκοπίασα 3× (10.5%)

ἐκοπίασασ 2× (7.0%)

בו בּוֹ׃

within himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Jehovah sware by his right hand, and by the arm of his strength, If I shall give more thy grain for food to thine enemies, and if the sons of the stranger shall drink thy new wine which thou didst labor for it:

LITV Translation:
Jehovah has sworn by His right hand, and by the might of His arm: Surely I will no longer give your grain as food for your enemies; and the sons of a stranger shall not drink your new wine for which you have labored.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
For the Lord has sworn by his glory, and by the might of his arm, I will no more give thy corn and thy provisions to thine enemies; nor shall strangers anymore drink thy wine, for which thou hast labored.