Isaiah 50:9

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

הן הֵן

favor/grace/lo!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הן

hên

Definition

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2005

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֵן

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 398

they.

הֵן

personal pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 407

Personal pronoun of the 3rd person plural feminine, meaning 'they', often used with prepositions. Also used to mean 'themselves' or as a particle 'as much', 'as this'.

הֵן

interjection / demonstrative / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 407

A pronominal stem used as: 1. An interjection: lo! there! see that! 2. A demonstrative base for הִנֵּה: this, here. 3. A conditional or interrogative conjunction: therefore, whether, if.

הֵן

pronominal stem (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 407

Aramaic pronominal stem, same as the Hebrew הֵן II. Used as an exclamation 'lo! ecce!' or a demonstrative particle 'this, that, there'.

הֵן

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 408

A conjunction with multiple meanings based on context: on that account (propterea); interrogative, whether; conditional, if; after a negation, unless; when repeated, whether... or (sive... sive).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵן

interj. / conj. • Page 191

1. see! behold! 2. if. (Lev. 25:20; Jer. 3:1; Job 40:23; 2 Chr. 7:13). 3. whether. (Jer. 2:10).

הֵן

pronoun • Page 191

they. Used incorrectly in reference to men, Ruth 1:13.

הֵן

chald. conj. • Page 191

1. if. (Dan. 2:5, 6; 3:15). 2. whether. (Ezra 5:17). 3. whether...or. (Ezra 7:26). 4. for nonne? as a strong affirmation. (Dan. 3:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2005

II. הֵן (approximate number of occurrences: 100) demonstrative adverb or interjection — lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based.

— הֶןֿ Numbers 23:9, 24; Job 8:19, 20; Job 13:1; Job 26:14; Job 33:6, 12, 29; Job 36:5, 22, 26; הֵןֿ Job 13:15; Job 36:30; Job 41:1 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Behold, lo

• Genesis 3:22 (הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us)
• Genesis 4:14, Genesis 11:6, Genesis 15:3, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 27:11, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 30:34
• Exodus 5:5, Exodus 6:12, 30; Leviticus 10:18, 19; Numbers 17:27
• Deuteronomy 5:21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 times) and Ezekiel 18:4)
• In poetry: Numbers 23:9, 24; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 32:1; Isaiah 33:7; Psalm 51:7, 8, Psalm 68:34, Psalm 78:20, Psalm 139:4
• Proverbs 11:31 (premiss to אַף כִּי), Proverbs 24:12
• In Isaiah and Job: Isaiah 40:15; Isaiah 41:11, 24, 29; Isaiah 50:1, 2, 9, 11; Job 4:18, 15:15, 25:5 (before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9:1, 12

b. Hypothetical particle: if

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew הֵן
• Biblical Aramaic הֵן
• Mandean הין
• Palmyrene הן¹
• Syriac ܐܢ
• Palestinian Targum אִין
• Arabic إن

• Exodus 4:1 (וְהֵן לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לִי and behold = suppose they will not believe me?)
• Leviticus 25:20 (הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow = supposing we do not sow)
• Isaiah 54:15; Job 40:23; 2 Chronicles 7:13
• Stating ground for a question: Exodus 8:22, Jeremiah 3:1, Haggai 2:12 (compare Aramaic b)

c. If, whether (in an indirect question)

• Jeremiah 2:10 (רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת; Grätz⁵ suggests הֲנִהְיְתָה)
• Compare אִם 2b, and Aramaic 3

Aramaic

הֵן conjunction — if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן).

Cognates:

• Zenjirli הן
• Egyptian Aramaic הן²
• Palmyrene הן
• Nabataean הן
• Mandean הין

1. if
   • Daniel 2:6; Daniel 3:15, 17; Daniel 4:24; Daniel 5:16
   • Ezra 4:13, 16; Ezra 5:17
   • הֵן לָא (if not): Daniel 2:5, 9; Daniel 3:15, 18
2. repeated, sive ... sive, whether ... or
   • Ezra 7:26 (compare אִם 1b)
3. in indirect question, whether
   • Ezra 5:17 (הֵן אִיתַי)

See also לָהֵן.

¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1888, 404, 415.

² A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri Discovered at Assuan (S-C Pap.), 1906.

³ Gustaf Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (D WB), 1897.

⁴ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (PS).

⁵ Heinrich Grätz, Biblical scholar.

Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐὰν --- εἰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2005:

ἰδοὺ 225× (47.0%)

ἐγὼ 142× (25.3%)

ἐὰν 12× (2.5%)

--- 11× (2.3%)

εἰ 11× (2.3%)

ἐγώ 11× (2.0%)

γὰρ 7× (1.5%)

ἰδού 7× (1.4%)

---% 5× (0.9%)

ἐὰν 5× (1.0%)

אדני אֲדֹנָי

inner master of myself/pedastals

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדני

ʼĂdônây

Definition

the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)

Root

an emphatic form of H113 (אדון);

Exhaustive

an emphatic form of אדון; the Lord (used as a proper name of God only); (my) Lord.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

Lord. A title used for God, whose vowel points were applied to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) to create the form יְהוָה, guiding the reader to say 'Adonai' instead of pronouncing the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

noun proper • Page 25

The Lord; used exclusively of God. An ancient plural termination used to distinguish from אֲדֹנַי (my lords). Gen. 18:3; Ex. 4:10; Is. 8:7; Job 28:28.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0136:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוִה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvih

Definition

{YHWH}

Root

a variation of H3068 (יהוה) (used after H136 (אדני), and pronounced by Jews as H430 (אלהים), in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce H3068 (יהוה) as H136 (אדני))

Exhaustive

a variation of יהוה (used after אדני, and pronounced by Jews as אלהים, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce יהוה as אדני); {YHWH}; God.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3069

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוָה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

The proper name of God in the Old Testament. The vowel points are a later addition, taken from the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai), as the name was considered too sacred to be pronounced. Its etymology is connected to the verb 'to be', signifying 'the existing', 'the everlasting'.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהוָֹה

noun / masculine • Root היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 587

A characteristic name of God among the Hebrews, frequently used in post-Mosaic proper names.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Matched via consonantal key only

יֱהֹוִה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A variant vocalization of the divine name, using the vowels of אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). This form is used when the divine name follows the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) to avoid the repetition of Adonai's vowels.

Matched via consonantal key only

יַהְוֶה

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A scholarly vocalization and proposed original pronunciation of the divine name.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κύριε θεόσ κυρίου θεὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3069:

κύριοσ 199× (74.1%)

κύριε 27× (10.0%)

θεόσ 16× (5.3%)

κυρίου 13× (4.6%)

θεὸσ 6× (1.8%)

κυρίῳ 3× (0.9%)

δέσποτα 2× (0.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

יעזר יַעֲזָר־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עזר

ʻâzar

Definition

to surround, i.e. protect or aid

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to surround, i.e. protect or aid; help, succour.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5826

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָזַר

verb • Root עזר • Strongs / High • Page 755

to help

עָזַר

verb • Root עזר • Strongs / High • Page 1076

1. To strengthen, to invigorate. 2. To succour, to help, to support, in war or otherwise; also a proper name and derivations.

עָזַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1076

To help, assist, succour, against one, i. e. to get the victory over one. Hif. הֶעְזִיר (part. plur. מַעֲזִירִים, infin. constr. לְעָזְרְךָ K'tîb) to help, support.

עָזַר

verb • Root עזר • Strongs / High • Page 1076

(Not used) tr. to enclose, to embrace, a space, cingere, circumdare, to strengthen round about, to hedge about, a place.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָזַר

verb • Page 501

to help, aid, assist, most commonly construed with an accus. of the person; e.g. help me, Ps. 109:26. etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5826

I. עָזַר (approximate number of occurrences: 82) verb — help, succour.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew noun עֶזְרָה help
• Phoenician in derivatives and compounds¹
• Arabic عزر excuse, exculpate, also aid
• Aramaic עֲדַר help
• Palmyrene עדר, rarely עזר^1,2

— Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix עֲזָרָ֑נִי Psalm 118:13, עֲזָרְךָ 1 Chronicles 12:19; 3 plural suffix עֲזָרֻם 1 Chronicles 12:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲזָרֿ Isaiah 50:7, 9, suffix יַעְזְרֶךָּ Isaiah 44:2; 3 masculine plural יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Isaiah 30:7, Isaiah 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ 1 Kings 1:7, suffix יַעַזְרֻנִי Psalm 119:175, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix עָזְרֵנִי Psalm 109:26, Psalm 119:86 + Joshua 10:4 Kt, masculine plural suffix עִזְרֻנִי (Qr), etc.; Infinitive construct לַעֲזֹר 1 Chronicles 22:17, לַעֲזוֺר 1 Chronicles 18:5, לַעְזֹר Joshua 10:33 (5 times), לַעְזוֺר 2 Chronicles 25:8 + 2 Samuel 18:3 Qr (> Kt לַעֲזִיר Hiph`il); suffix לְעָזְרֵנִי 1 Chronicles 12:17 (2 times), etc.; Participle active עֹזֵר 1 Kings 20:16 +, etc.; passive עָזֻר Isaiah 31:3.

1. Qal

a. help

• With accusative of person: 1 Kings 20:16; Joshua 1:14; 2 Chronicles 28:23 (reading עֹזְרִים³ for MT מַעְזְרִים, apparently Hiph`il; subject false gods).
• With accusative of location (city): Joshua 10:33 (Deuteronomic Source).
• Especially with suffix person: Joshua 10:4, 6 (+ הוֺשִׁיעַ; both Jehovist/Elohist Source); 1 Chronicles 12:18, 20, 23 (Van der Hooght v. 17, 19, 22); 2 Chronicles 32:3; Ezra 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy); Ezra 10:15; Daniel 10:13 (subject Michael).

b. Subject often God

• With accusative of person: Psalm 10:14; 1 Chronicles 15:26.
• Usually with suffix: Genesis 49:25 (Poem in Yahwist Source); 1 Samuel 7:12; Isaiah 41:10, 13, 14 (12 times) + 2 Chronicles 26:7 (with עַל against); Psalm 37:40 (+ מִּלֵּט); Psalm 46:6 (suffix of city); Psalm 109:26 ("" הוֺשִׁיעַ).
• Subject false gods: Deuteronomy 32:38; 2 Chronicles 28:23.

c. With prepositions

• With לְ person: 2 Samuel 8:5 + 1 Chronicles 18:5 (4 times) + 2 Samuel 18:3 (read Qr לַעֲזוֺר, or לְעֹזֵר? compare HPS⁴); subject Yahweh Isaiah 50:7, 9.
• With עִם person: 1 Chronicles 12:22 (Van der Hooght v. 21; + עַל against).
• With אַחֲרֵי person: 1 Kings 1:7 (constructio praegnans).
• With בְּ person against whom: 2 Chronicles 20:23 (+ infinitive).
• With בֵּין ... לְ, of Yahweh: 2 Chronicles 14:10.

d. Absolute usage

• Isaiah 30:7; 2 Chronicles 26:13 (+ עַל against); 2 Chronicles 28:16.
• ע׳ לְרָעָה Zechariah 1:15 they helped, with evil result.
• Yahweh subject: 2 Chronicles 25:8 (opposed to הַכְשִׁיל).

e. Participle usage

• Participle with suffix: Ezekiel 30:8 (3 times).
• Participle with לְ person: 2 Kings 14:26 (5 times); of Yahweh Psalm 30:11; Psalm 54:6.
• Participle absolute: Isaiah 31:3; Isaiah 63:5; Jeremiah 47:4; Psalm 22:12; Psalm 107:12.
• Participle construct: עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 Chronicles 12:1; עֹזְרֵי רָ֑הַב Job 9:13 (see רַהַב).
• Participle passive absolute as substantive he who is helped: Isaiah 31:3.

2. Niphal

a. Meanings

• Perfect: וְנֶעֱזָרְ֑תִּי Psalm 28:7 I am helped (that is, by Yahweh).
• Imperfect 3 masculine plural: וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ 1 Chronicles 5:20 (that is, idem; + עַל against).
• With noun cognate: יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Daniel 11:34.
• Infinitive construct: הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר 2 Chronicles 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (literally made wonderful to be helped).

3. Hiph`il (dubious)

• Infinitive construct: 2 Samuel 18:3 Kt.
• Participle plural: מַעְזְרִים 2 Chronicles 28:23 (see Qal).

¹ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

² S. A. Cook, A Glossary of the Aramaic Inscriptions (Cook).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Henry Preserved Smith, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Samuel (HPS).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: βοηθῶν βοηθόσ --- βοηθῆσαι βοηθήσει

LXX Usage Statistics

H5826:

βοηθῶν 7× (7.3%)

βοηθόσ 6× (7.0%)

--- 5× (5.8%)

βοηθῆσαι 5× (5.8%)

βοηθήσει 3× (3.3%)

ἐβοήθησά 3× (3.3%)

ἐβοήθησεν 3× (3.3%)

βοηθοῦντεσ 3× (3.2%)

αὐτοῖσ 3× (2.8%)

ἡμῖν 3× (2.8%)

לי לִי

to myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

מי מִי־

who

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מי

mîy

Definition

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

Root

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as H4100 (מה) is of things,

Exhaustive

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as מה is of things,; who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix; any (man), [idiom] he, [idiom] him, [phrase] O that! what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), [phrase] would to God.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4310

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִי

pronoun interrogative • Strongs / High • Page 843

Interrogative pronoun: who? what? (of persons, as מַה is of things). It is used in direct and indirect questions, without distinction of gender and number. Main uses include: 1. As a substantive, often in a genitive sense (e.g., whose?). 2. When seeming to refer to things, it still implies a person (e.g., who are the men... of the camp?). 3. Used for emphasis or modification (e.g., who then?). 4. With the meaning of 'how?' or 'what kind?'. 5. Taking a negative turn to mean 'nobody' or 'none'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִי

interrogative pronoun • Page 372

1. Who? (Gen. 24:23; Judg. 21:8). 2. How? (Am. 7:2,5; Ruth 3:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4310

I. מִי (approximate number of occurrences: 423) pronoun interrogative — who? of persons, as מָה of things.

Cognates:

• Ethiopic ምንት (only = What? and How?)
• Assyrian mî, me (rare)¹, but usual form mannu, manu²
• Ethiopic መኑ manū
• Aramaic מַן
• Arabic مَنْ, Vulgar Arabic min, mên (rejection of n probably in Hebrew מִי)³

— מִי absolute Genesis 3:11 הִגִּיד לְךָ מִי who told thee? Genesis 24:65 מִי הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה who is this man? Genesis 27:18 מִי אַתָּה בְּנִי who art thou, my son? Numbers 22:9; Judges 1:1; Judges 6:29; Judges 15:6; Judges 18:3; Judges 20:18; 2 Samuel 1:8 + often; Ruth 3:9 מִי אָתּ who art thou, (feminine)? Isaiah 51:12; of more than one, מִי אֵלֶּה who are these? Genesis 33:5; Genesis 48:8; Isaiah 60:8; מִי אַתֶּם 2 Kings 10:13; once, more explicitly, מִי וָמִי הַהֹלְכִים Exodus 10:8; = as who? (i.e. in what condition, or capacity), Amos 7:2 יַעֲקֹב מִי יָקוּם Amos 7:5; Isaiah 51:19 מִי אֲנַחֲמֵךְ (but Vrss Che Lag Brd Du מִי יְנַחֲמֵךְ, as "" מִי יָנוּד), Ruth 3:16 (Be Ke Kö⁴).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Used of things

Rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied:

• Genesis 33:8 מִי לְךָ כָּל־הַמַּחֲנֶה הַזֶּה who (or what) to thee is all this camp?
• Deuteronomy 4:7
• Judges 9:28 שְׁכֶם מִי who is Shechem (i.e. the Shechemites)?
• Micah 1:5 מִי־פֶשַׁע יַעֲקֹב הֲלֹא שֹׁמְרוֹן
• Songs 3:6
• Judges 13:17 מִי שְׁמֶךָ (but מָה Genesis 32:28; Exodus 3:13; compare Aramaic מַן Ezra 5:4)⁵

b. In the Genitive or with prepositions

• Genitive: בַּת־מִי אַתְּ whose daughter art thou? Genesis 24:23, 47; 1 Samuel 12:3 (3 times in verse); 1 Samuel 17:55; Jeremiah 44:28; Job 26:4; Job 33:28
• אַחֲרֵי מִי 1 Samuel 24:15 (twice in verse)
• אֶל־מִי 1 Samuel 6:20; 2 Kings 9:5 +
• בְּמִי by whom? 1 Kings 20:14
• לְמִי to whom? whose? Genesis 32:18, Genesis 38:25; Proverbs 20:20 +
• מִמִּי Ezekiel 32:19; Psalm 27:1 (twice in verse)
• עַל־מִי 2 Kings 18:20; 2 Kings 19:22; Isaiah 57:4 +
• אֶת־מִי (accusative), 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8; = with whom? Job 12:3

c. In an indirect question

• Genesis 21:26
• Genesis 43:22 לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מִי שָׂם we do not know who put
• Deuteronomy 21:1; Psalm 39:7
• Joshua 24:15 בַּחֲרוּ... אֶת־מִי תַעֲבֹדוּן choose whom ye will serve
• After verbs: רָאָה 1 Samuel 14:17, שָׁאַל 1 Samuel 17:56, הִגִּיד 1 Kings 1:20, הוֹדִיעַ 1 Kings 1:27

d. Partitive: who among ... ?

• 1 Samuel 22:14; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 43:9; Isaiah 48:14 (בָּהֶם); Isaiah 42:23; Isaiah 50:10; Haggai 2:3 (בָּכֶם)
• מִי מִן who of ... ? Judges 21:8; 2 Kings 6:11; Isaiah 50:1

e. Strengthened and emphatic forms

• מִי זֶה, מִי הוּא, מִי הוּא זֶה Psalm 24:10; Jeremiah 30:21; Esther 7:5
• מִי אֶחָד what single one ... ? Judges 21:8, compare 2 Samuel 7:23 ( = 1 Chronicles 17:21)

2. Rhetorical Uses

a. To express a wish

The question implies a desire that the person asked for were present (followed by imperfect):

• 2 Samuel 15:4 מִי יְשִׂמֵנִי שֹׁפֵט who will set me judge? i.e. would that some one would make me judge!
• 2 Samuel 23:15 מִי יַשְׁקֵנִי מַיִם = O that one would give me to drink!
• Phrase מִי יִתֵּן who will give? i.e. would that there were...! Numbers 11:29; Deuteronomy 28:67; Judges 9:29

b. To express contempt, modesty, or surprise

• Contempt (implying no one): Exodus 5:2 מִי יְהוָה who is Yahweh that I should listen? Judges 9:28; 1 Samuel 17:26; 1 Samuel 25:10 מִי דָוִד וּמִי בֶן־יִשָׁי
• Modesty: Exodus 3:11 מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה; 1 Samuel 18:18 וּמִי חַיַּי מִי אָנֹכִי; 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 29:14; 2 Chronicles 2:5
• Surprise: Isaiah 44:10; Isaiah 49:21

c. As a rhetorical negative

Implying the answer few or none:

• Deuteronomy 9:2 מִי יִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי בְנֵי עֲנָק who can stand, etc.?
• Deuteronomy 30:12–13; 1 Samuel 4:8; Job 9:12 מִי יֹאמַר who shall say?
• Perfect of experience: Numbers 23:10; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 18:13 מִי שָׁמַע כָּאֵלֶּה
• In poetry: Genesis 49:9 מִי יְקִימֶנּוּ; Exodus 15:11 מִי כָמֹכָה; Isaiah 53:1; Psalm 18:32

d. Who knoweth? (= perchance)

• 2 Samuel 12:22 מִי יוֹדֵעַ יְחָנֵּנִי יְהוָה it may be Yahweh will be gracious
• Joel 2:14 ( = Jonah 3:9) מִי יוֹדֵעַ יָשׁוּב וְנִחָם
• Esther 4:14 מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם

e. Rendered "whosoever"

Does not strictly mean it, but functions as a conditional interrogative:

• Exodus 24:14 מִי בַעַל דְּבָרִים יִגַּשׁ אֲלֵהֶם literally, Who hath a cause? let him draw nigh
• Judges 7:3 מִי יָרֵא וְחָרֵד יָשֹׁב who is fearful? let him return
• Exodus 32:26 מִי לַיהוָה אֵלָי who is on Yahweh's side? (let him come) to me!
• 2 Samuel 18:12 שִׁמְרוּ־מִי בַּנַּעַר Have a care, whosoever ye be, of the young man (but read לִי with ᵐ5)

¹ Jäger, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, ii. 277.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, 419 (Dl HWB).

³ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, 123 f. (W SG).

⁴ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, iii. 388 (Kö).

⁵ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, p. 341 (Nö M).

Pronoun interrogative

LXX: τίσ τίνι ἐστιν τίνα τίνοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4310:

τίσ 302× (65.2%)

τίνι 27× (5.9%)

ἐστιν 24× (4.2%)

τίνα 23× (4.9%)

τίνοσ 15× (3.3%)

'' 10× (1.9%)

---% 9× (1.6%)

τί 8× (1.7%)

--- 6× (1.3%)

τίνεσ 5× (1.1%)

הוא הוּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

ירשיעני יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רשע

râshaʻ

Definition

to be (causatively, do or declare) wrong; by implication, to disturb, violate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be (causatively, do or declare) wrong; by implication, to disturb, violate; condemn, make trouble, vex, be (commit, deal, depart, do) wicked(-ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7561

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָשַׁע

intransitive verb • Strongs / High • Page 1360

To make a wilful mistake, to sin, to be godless, to be held as guilty, to be mischievous, to act wickedly, to apostatise.

רָשַׁע

unknown • Root רשע • Strongs / High • Page 1360

The Aram. רְשַׁף means to stir up, to excite. But, in opposition to צָדַק, it is better to adopt as the fundamental signification to be dispersed, slack, wavering, and so to be oblique, crooked.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7561

I. רָשַׁע verb denominative — be wicked, act wickedly.

1. Qal

— רָשַׁע Perfect 1 singular רָשַׁעָתִּי 2 Samuel 22:22 +; 1 plural רָשָׁ֑עְנוּ 1 Kings 8:47 +; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּדְשַׁע Ecclesiastes 7:17; 1 singular אֶרְשָׁ֑ע Job 9:29; Job 10:7.

1. be wicked, act wickedly
   • 1 Kings 8:47
   • 2 Chronicles 6:37
   • Daniel 9:15
   • Ecclesiastes 7:17
   • (+ מֵאֱלֹהָי) 2 Samuel 22:22 (in departing) from my God = Psalm 18:22
2. be guilty
   • Job 9:29
   • Job 10:7, 15

2. Hiphil

— Perfect 3 masculine singular הִרְשִׁיעַ 2 Chronicles 20:35; 3 masculine plural הִרְשִׁיעוּ Deuteronomy 25:1; Daniel 12:10; 1 plural הִרְשַׁעְבוּ Daniel 9:5, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַרְשִׁיעַ Proverbs 12:2 +; יַרְשִׁעַ Job 34:29; 3 masculine plural יַרְשִׁיעֻן Exodus 22:8, etc.; Infinitive construct הַרְשִׁיעַ 1 Kings 8:32; 2 Chronicles 22:3; Participle מַרְשִׁיעַ 2 Chronicles 17:15; plural construct מַרְשִׁיעֵי Daniel 11:32.

1. condemn as guilty, in civil relations, with accusative
   • Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source¹)
   • Deuteronomy 25:1
   • Psalm 94:21
   • Job 34:17
   • Proverbs 17:15
2. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations, with accusative
   • 1 Kings 8:32
   • Job 9:20
   • Job 10:2
   • Job 15:6
   • Job 32:3
   • Job 40:8
   • Psalm 37:33
   • Proverbs 12:2
   • Isaiah 50:9
   • Isaiah 54:17
   • absolute Job 34:29
3. act wickedly (late), in ethics and religion
   • Job 34:12 (denied of י)
   • Nehemiah 9:33
   • Daniel 12:10
   • 2 Chronicles 22:3
   • (parallel חטא) Psalm 106:6; Daniel 9:5
   • הִרְשִׁיעַ לַעֲשׂוֹת 2 Chronicles 20:35
   • מַרְשִׁיעֵי בְרִית Daniel 11:32

— יַרְשִׁיעַ 1 Samuel 14:47 read יַוָּשֵׁעַ ^{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Septuagint (LXX).

³ L. Cappellus.

⁴ J. Wellhausen.

⁵ S. R. Driver.

⁶ K. Budde.

⁷ H. P. Smith.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἠσέβησα ἠδικήσαμεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7561:

ἠσέβησα 3× (8.3%)

ἠδικήσαμεν 2× (5.6%)

הן הֵן

favor/grace/lo!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הן

hên

Definition

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2005

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֵן

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 398

they.

הֵן

personal pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 407

Personal pronoun of the 3rd person plural feminine, meaning 'they', often used with prepositions. Also used to mean 'themselves' or as a particle 'as much', 'as this'.

הֵן

interjection / demonstrative / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 407

A pronominal stem used as: 1. An interjection: lo! there! see that! 2. A demonstrative base for הִנֵּה: this, here. 3. A conditional or interrogative conjunction: therefore, whether, if.

הֵן

pronominal stem (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 407

Aramaic pronominal stem, same as the Hebrew הֵן II. Used as an exclamation 'lo! ecce!' or a demonstrative particle 'this, that, there'.

הֵן

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 408

A conjunction with multiple meanings based on context: on that account (propterea); interrogative, whether; conditional, if; after a negation, unless; when repeated, whether... or (sive... sive).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵן

interj. / conj. • Page 191

1. see! behold! 2. if. (Lev. 25:20; Jer. 3:1; Job 40:23; 2 Chr. 7:13). 3. whether. (Jer. 2:10).

הֵן

pronoun • Page 191

they. Used incorrectly in reference to men, Ruth 1:13.

הֵן

chald. conj. • Page 191

1. if. (Dan. 2:5, 6; 3:15). 2. whether. (Ezra 5:17). 3. whether...or. (Ezra 7:26). 4. for nonne? as a strong affirmation. (Dan. 3:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2005

II. הֵן (approximate number of occurrences: 100) demonstrative adverb or interjection — lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based.

— הֶןֿ Numbers 23:9, 24; Job 8:19, 20; Job 13:1; Job 26:14; Job 33:6, 12, 29; Job 36:5, 22, 26; הֵןֿ Job 13:15; Job 36:30; Job 41:1 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Behold, lo

• Genesis 3:22 (הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us)
• Genesis 4:14, Genesis 11:6, Genesis 15:3, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 27:11, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 30:34
• Exodus 5:5, Exodus 6:12, 30; Leviticus 10:18, 19; Numbers 17:27
• Deuteronomy 5:21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 times) and Ezekiel 18:4)
• In poetry: Numbers 23:9, 24; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 32:1; Isaiah 33:7; Psalm 51:7, 8, Psalm 68:34, Psalm 78:20, Psalm 139:4
• Proverbs 11:31 (premiss to אַף כִּי), Proverbs 24:12
• In Isaiah and Job: Isaiah 40:15; Isaiah 41:11, 24, 29; Isaiah 50:1, 2, 9, 11; Job 4:18, 15:15, 25:5 (before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9:1, 12

b. Hypothetical particle: if

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew הֵן
• Biblical Aramaic הֵן
• Mandean הין
• Palmyrene הן¹
• Syriac ܐܢ
• Palestinian Targum אִין
• Arabic إن

• Exodus 4:1 (וְהֵן לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לִי and behold = suppose they will not believe me?)
• Leviticus 25:20 (הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow = supposing we do not sow)
• Isaiah 54:15; Job 40:23; 2 Chronicles 7:13
• Stating ground for a question: Exodus 8:22, Jeremiah 3:1, Haggai 2:12 (compare Aramaic b)

c. If, whether (in an indirect question)

• Jeremiah 2:10 (רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת; Grätz⁵ suggests הֲנִהְיְתָה)
• Compare אִם 2b, and Aramaic 3

Aramaic

הֵן conjunction — if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן).

Cognates:

• Zenjirli הן
• Egyptian Aramaic הן²
• Palmyrene הן
• Nabataean הן
• Mandean הין

1. if
   • Daniel 2:6; Daniel 3:15, 17; Daniel 4:24; Daniel 5:16
   • Ezra 4:13, 16; Ezra 5:17
   • הֵן לָא (if not): Daniel 2:5, 9; Daniel 3:15, 18
2. repeated, sive ... sive, whether ... or
   • Ezra 7:26 (compare אִם 1b)
3. in indirect question, whether
   • Ezra 5:17 (הֵן אִיתַי)

See also לָהֵן.

¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1888, 404, 415.

² A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri Discovered at Assuan (S-C Pap.), 1906.

³ Gustaf Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (D WB), 1897.

⁴ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (PS).

⁵ Heinrich Grätz, Biblical scholar.

Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐὰν --- εἰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2005:

ἰδοὺ 225× (47.0%)

ἐγὼ 142× (25.3%)

ἐὰν 12× (2.5%)

--- 11× (2.3%)

εἰ 11× (2.3%)

ἐγώ 11× (2.0%)

γὰρ 7× (1.5%)

ἰδού 7× (1.4%)

---% 5× (0.9%)

ἐὰν 5× (1.0%)

כלם כֻּלָּם

all of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

כבגד כַּבֶּגֶד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בגד

beged

Definition

a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage

Root

from H898 (בגד);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H899

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּגֶד

noun masculine • Root בגד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. Covering, clothing in the proper and usual sense; a tegument over the sacred vessels; in particular a kind of upper-garment. 2. Covering, deceit, faithlessness, treachery, robbery.

בָּגַד

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. (not used) to cover, veil, clothe. 2. To cover, to conceal, then to act covertly, to deceive, deal falsely; to forsake faithlessly; to betray.

בֹּגְדוֹת

noun feminine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

Treachery, deceit.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כַּאֲשֶׁר

particle / adv. • Root אשר • Page 80

(1.) *according to what, as*; (2.) *as if*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *when*. References include Gen. 7:9, 34:12, Job 10:19, Num. 27:14, Mic. 3:4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H899

I. בֶּגֶד [noun masculine] — treachery

• Isaiah 24:16
• Jeremiah 12:1

II. בֶּגֶד noun masculine (except Leviticus 6:20 עָלֶיהָ, but Samaritan עָלִיו, compare Dillmann¹ in loco König i. 182) — garment, covering

— בֶּגֶד absolute Genesis 28:2 (36 times); suffix בִּגְדוֹ Ezekiel 9:3 + (14 times without daghesh lene Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94²); plural בְּגָדִים Leviticus 6:4 (32 times); construct בִּגְדֵי Genesis 27:15 (39 times); suffix בְּגָדֶיךָ 1 Kings 22:20 (81 times); בִּגְדֹתֶיךָ Psalm 45:9;

1. Garment, clothing, raiment, robe of any kind

from the filthy clothing of the leper to the holy robes of the high priest, the simplest covering of the poor as well as the costly raiment of the rich and noble, used throughout Hebrew Literature:

• Genesis 24:53 (Jehovist Source³)
• Genesis 28:20 (Elohist Source; 14 times Jehovist Source Elohist Source)
• Exodus 28:2 + (Priests' Code / Narrative 90 times)
• Deuteronomy 24:17
• Judges 8:26 (4 times)
• 1 Samuel 19:13 (10 times)
• 1 Kings 1:1 (23 times)
• 2 Chronicles 18:9 + (Chronicles 9 times)
• Esther 4:1, 4
• Job 13:28
• Job 22:6
• Job 37:17
• Psalm 22:19
• Psalm 45:9
• Psalm 102:27
• Psalm 109:19
• Proverbs 6:27
• Proverbs 20:16
• Proverbs 25:20
• Proverbs 27:13
• Ecclesiastes 9:8
• Isaiah 24:16
• Isaiah 36:22
• Isaiah 37:1
• Isaiah 50:9 (10 times)
• Jeremiah 12:1 (3 times)
• Ezekiel 16:16 (13 times)
• Joel 2:13
• Amos 2:8
• Haggai 2:12
• Zechariah 3:3, 4, 5
• Zechariah 14:14
• מְלֹא בִּגְדוֹ his lapful 2 Kings 4:39

2. Covering, wrapping

• of furniture of tabernacle Numbers 4:6-13 (6 times)
• coverlet of a bed 1 Samuel 19:13

¹ A. Dillmann

² Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0899b:

No stats available

יבלו יִבְלוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בלה

bâlâh

Definition

to fail; by implication to wear out, decay (causatively, consume, spend)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fail; by implication to wear out, decay (causatively, consume, spend); consume, enjoy long, become (make, wax) old, spend, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1086

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּלָה

noun • Root בלה • Strongs / High • Page 247

The withered, decrepid; vanished as dust.

בָּלָה

noun feminine / noun proper • Root בלה • Strongs / High • Page 247

1. The withered, emaciated. 2. Proper name of a city.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּלָה

verb • Page 99

1. to be old, worn, spoken of garments. Josh. 9:13. Deut. 8:4. 2. to be old, faded, spoken of persons. Gen. 18:12. 3. to be consumed (of bones, or by rottenness). Ps. 32:3. Job 13:28. Pi: to cause to grow old or waste away. Lam. 3:4.

בָּלָה

fem. adj. • Page 100

old, worn out; spoken of garments (Josh. 9:4, 5) and of persons (Ezek. 23:43).

בַּלָּה

verb • Page 100

To terrify. Found only in Piel. Once Ezra 4:4 Kethib.

בְּלוֹ

noun • Page 100

A tax on consumable articles, an excise; or rather an oppressive tax; a tribute generally (Ezra 4:13, 20, 7:24).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1086

I. בָּלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 16) verb — become old and worn out.

Cognates:

• Arabic بَلِيَ
• Aramaic בְּלֵי
• Ethiopic በልየ idem

— Qal Perfect בָּֽלְתָה Deuteronomy 8:4, בָּלוּ Deuteronomy 29:4 +; Imperfect יִבְלֶה Job 13:28 etc.; Infinitive with suffix בְּלֹתִי Genesis 18:12.

1. Qal uses

a. Wear out (intransitive), especially of garments

• Deuteronomy 8:4 (+ מֵעַל pregnantly wear out and fall from upon... hence Nehemiah 9:21)
• Deuteronomy 29:4 (twice in verse)
• Joshua 9:13
• figurative of the heavens (with simile of garment) Isaiah 50:9; Psalm 102:27 (כַּבֶּגֶד יִבְלוּ)
• The earth Isaiah 51:6 (כַּבֶּגֶד תִּבְלֶה)
• The bones (through suffering) Psalm 32:3
• Afflicted man Job 13:28 (וְהוּא כְּרָקָב יִבְלֶה "" כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֺ עָשׁ)

b. Of an aged and decrepit woman

• Genesis 18:12 (Jehovist Source²) אַחֲרֵי בְלֹתִי after I am worn out

2. Pi`el uses

Causative of Qal.

a. Wear out (transitive), figurative

• Lamentations 3:4 בִּלָּה בְשָׂרִי וְעוֺרִי
• Their form Psalm 49:15 לְבַלּוֺת שְּׁאוֺל is for Sh^e’ôl to consume away (others read לִבְלוֺת is for wasting away¹, connecting שׁ׳ with following)
• 1 Chronicles 17:9 לְבַלֹּתוֺ to wear it (Israel) out (altered from לְעַנּוֺתוֺ 2 Samuel 7:10), compare Aramaic Daniel 7:25

b. Wear out by use, use to the full

• Isaiah 65:22 and the work of their hands יְבַלּוּ they shall use to the full, enjoy
• Job 21:13 they wear out their days in prosperity (Qere³ here יְכַלּוּ complete, which perhaps is the true reading in both passages; compare Exodus 5:13; Job 36:11)

— On בַּלֹּתִי Psalm 92:11, see below בָּלַל.

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 3rd ed., 1892 (Dr. § 204).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Qere (the marginal reading of the Masoretic text).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπαλαιώθη παλαιωθήσεται κατετρίβη

LXX Usage Statistics

H1086:

ἐπαλαιώθη 2× (12.0%)

παλαιωθήσεται 2× (12.0%)

κατετρίβη 2× (12.0%)

עש עָשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עש

ʻâsh

Definition

a moth

Root

from H6244 (עשש);

Exhaustive

from עשש; a moth; moth. See also עיש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6211

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשׁ

noun masculine • Root עשש • Strongs / High • Page 1139

1. Same as עַיִשׁ. 2. (from עָשַׁשׁ) A moth, prop. the gnawing, consuming, destroyer of clothes.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשׁ

i. m. • Root עשש • Page 531

a moth (Job 4:19, 13:28, 27:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6211

II. עָשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 7) noun masculine — moth (as waster, consumer).

— עָשׁ absolute Hosea 5:12 (+ רָקָב), Isaiah 50:9; Isaiah 51:8; in simile Psalms 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֺ עָשׁ Job 13:28; symbol of fragility Job 4:19.

— Job 27:10 read probably עַכָּבִישׁ q. v.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὡσ ὥσπερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6211a:

ὡσ 3× (23.8%)

ὥσπερ 2× (12.6%)

יאכלם יֹאכְלֵם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

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RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
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Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Behold, the Lord Jehovah will help for me; who is he that shall condemn me? behold, they all shall decay as a garment; the moth shall eat them.

LITV Translation:
Behold, the Lord Jehovah will help Me; who is He who will condemn Me? Behold, like a garment they shall wear out; the moth shall eat them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Behold, the Lord, the Lord, will help me; who will hurt me? behold, all ye shall wax old as a garment, and a moth shall devour you.