Isaiah 43:20

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

תכבדני תְּכַבְּדֵנִי

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כבד

kâbad

Definition

to be heavy, i.e. in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in the same two senses)

Root

or כבד; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or כבד; a primitive root; to be heavy, i.e. in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in the same two senses); abounding with, more grievously afflict, boast, be chargeable, [idiom] be dim, glorify, be (make) glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden, be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to, do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man), lade, [idiom] more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote (to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3513

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּבַד

verb • Root כבד • Strongs / High • Page 671

To be heavy, weighty; to be a heavy burden upon; to be troublesome, burdensome. Metaphorically: to be sore, severe; to be numerous; to be rich, abundant; to be exalted, renowned, honoured, valued; to be heavy, stiff, dull (of body parts), hard of hearing; to be obdurate (of mind).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3513

I. כָּבֵד verb — be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Pi`el כִּבֵּד honour, and derivatives, כֹּבֶד weight
• Phoenician proper name, feminine כבדת = honoured one
• Ethiopic ከበደ be heavy
• Assyrian kabâdu or kabâtu grow or be heavy¹
• Arabic كبد difficulty, distress; III. struggle with difficulties
• Zinjirli כבדו honour²
• Sabean כבודת gifts of honour, = Hebrew נדבה freewill offering³

— כָּבֵד Perfect Isaiah 24:20; 3 feminine singular כָּֽבְדָה Genesis 18:20 (4 times); כָּבֵ֑דָה Judges 20:34; 3 masculine plural כָּֽבְדוּ Genesis 48:10; Imperfect יִכְבַּד Exodus 9:7, Isaiah 66:5; יִכְבָּ֑ד Job 6:3, Job 33:7 (10 times Imperfect).

1. Be heavy

In weight, of misfortune, heavier than sand Job 6:3; of God's hand in punishment 1 Samuel 5:11, with אֶל 1 Samuel 5:6; עַל Psalm 32:4; of man's hand in war Judges 1:35; יָדִי כָּֽבְדָה עַלאַֿנְחָתִי my hand is heavy upon my groaning Job 23:2; of pressure אַכְמִּי Job 33:7; vehement, sore, of battle Judges 20:34; with אֶל 1 Samuel 31:3 = עַל 1 Chronicles 10:3; burdensome, grievous; וְלֹא נִכְבַּד עָלֶי֑ךָ lest we be burdensome unto thee 2 Samuel 13:23; of work laid upon one, bondage, with עַל Exodus 5:9 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Nehemiah 5:18; of sin conceived as a burden Genesis 18:20 (Jehovist Source), iniquities Psalm 38:5; transgressions, with עַל Isaiah 24:20.

2. Heavy, insensible, dull

• Of the eyes, so as to be unable to see Genesis 48:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Of the ears Isaiah 59:1
• Of the לֵב, hard, insensible Exodus 9:7 (Jehovist Source; Priestly and Elohist synonym is חָזַק)

3. Be honoured

(Compare Greek βαρύς):

• Of a man Job 14:21 (opposed to יצערו)
• Of Tyre Ezekiel 27:25
• Of Yahweh Isaiah 66:5

Niph`al — Perfect נִכְבַּד 2 Samuel 6:20, נִכְבָּ֔ד 2 Samuel 23:19; Imperfect אֶכָּבֵד Leviticus 10:3; Imperative הִכָּבֵד 2 Kings 14:10; Infinitive הִכָּֽבְדִי Exodus 14:18; Participle נִכְבָּד Genesis 34:19; plural נִכְבָּדִים Numbers 22:15.

1. passive
   • a. be made heavy from abundance, מַעְיָנוֺת נִכְבַּדֵּיֿ מָ֑יִם fountains abounding in water Proverbs 8:24.
   • b. be honoured, enjoy honour, of man 1 Samuel 9:6; 2 Samuel 6:20, 22; 2 Kings 14:10; Isaiah 43:4; 1 Chronicles 4:9; more frequent in participle as substantive honourable, distinguished man Genesis 34:19; Numbers 22:15 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); נִכְבָּדוֺת Psalm 87:3 glorious things; הַשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֺרָא Deuteronomy 28:58 the glorious and awe-inspiring name.
2. medial, get oneself glory (or honour)
   • Of God: Isaiah 26:15; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 39:13; Haggai 1:8; with בְּ in or by any one Exodus 14:4, 17, 18 (Priestly Code); Leviticus 10:3 (Priestly Code).

Piel — Perfect 2 masculine suffix כִּבַּדְתָּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:23; Imperfect יְכַבֵּד Malachi 1:6; Imperative כַּבֵּד Exodus 20:12; Participle מְכַבֵּד 2 Samuel 10:3.

1. make heavy, insensible the לב(בׅ 1 Samuel 6:6.
2. make honourable, honour, glorify
   • a. human object: parents Exodus 20:12 = Deuteronomy 5:16; Balaam Numbers 22:17 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); Eli's sons 1 Samuel 2:29; Saul 1 Samuel 15:30.
   • b. object things: sacred place Isaiah 60:13; the Sabbath Isaiah 58:13.
   • c. God object: 1 Samuel 2:30; Isaiah 24:15; Psalm 22:24; Proverbs 3:9; name of י׳ Psalm 86:12.
   • d. subject indefinite: object God and man Judges 9:9 (of olive).
   • e. object a heathen god: לֶאֱלֹהַּ Daniel 11:38.

Pu`al — be made honourable, honoured. Imperfect יְכֻבָּ֑ד Proverbs 13:18, Proverbs 27:18; Participle מְכֻבָּד Isaiah 58:13.

Hiph`il — Perfect הִכְבִּיד Lamentations 3:7; Imperfect וַיַּכְבֵּד Exodus 8:28; Imperative הַכְבֵּד Isaiah 6:10; Participle מַכְבִּיד Habakkuk 2:6.

1. make heavy: a yoke 1 Kings 12:10, 14; a chain Lamentations 3:7; pledges Habakkuk 2:6.
2. make heavy, dull, unresponsive: the ears Isaiah 6:10; Zechariah 7:11; the לֵב Exodus 8:11, 28 (Jehovist Source).
3. cause to be honoured: of Israel Isaiah 8:23; Jeremiah 30:19.

Hithpa`el — Imperative הִתְכַּבֵּד Nahum 3:15; Participle מִתְכַּבֵּד Proverbs 12:9.

1. make oneself heavy, dense, numerous as locusts Nahum 3:15.
2. honour oneself Proverbs 12:9.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl. HWB).

² David Heinrich Müller, Die altsemitischen Inschriften von Sendschirli (1893).

³ David Heinrich Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) 1883, 341 f.

Verb Piel imperfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἐβάρυνεν ἔνδοξοσ ἐβαρύνθη --- βαρεῖα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3513:

ἐβάρυνεν 8× (7.0%)

ἔνδοξοσ 7× (6.2%)

ἐβαρύνθη 7× (6.0%)

--- 5× (4.5%)

βαρεῖα 5× (4.4%)

ἐνδοξασθήσομαι 4× (3.1%)

τίμα 3× (2.7%)

τιμήσω 3× (2.7%)

δοξάσω 3× (2.5%)

ἔσται 3× (2.3%)

חית חַיַּת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

---

II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

---

I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

---

II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

---

חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

---

Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416c:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

השדה הַשָּׂדה

the Field

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שדה

sâdeh

Definition

a field (as flat)

Root

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out;

Exhaustive

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat); country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

(from שָׂדַד II.; only pl. שָׂדִים) m. a wide-stretching plain, a tract of land, prop. an extension; hence the pl. שָׂדִים (open fields, plains).

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1386

1. A field, opposed to a city, village, or camp; the open field, belonging to the land; of animals, wild, untamed. 2. Metaphorically, the field surrounding a city, district, or territory belonging to a city; open country, in opposition to the metropolis.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדָה

chald. ithpa. • Page 657

to exert one's self, construed with לְ. Dan. 6: 15.

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדה • Page 634

1. a field, cultivated ground. Gen. 23:17. 2. a field generally, e.g. beasts of the field. Is. 43:20. 3. a country, territory. Gen. 14:7. 4. plain, e.g. שְׂדֵה-אֲרָם plain of Syria. Hos. 12:13.

שִׁדָּה

noun feminine • Root שד • Page 656

Literally a lady, princess; whence a wife or concubine. Found in Ecc. 2: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7704

I. שָׂדַי (rare original form of שָׂדֶה, only in poetry) noun masculine Psalm 96:12 — field, land.

— שׂ absolute Jeremiah 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hosea 10:4 + etc.

1. Cultivated field

• Hosea 12:12
• Hosea 10:4 (but see Nowack)
• yielding food Deuteronomy 32:13; Lamentations 4:9
• שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ Jeremiah 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field

2. Home of wild beasts

• בְּהֵמוֺת שׂ Psalm 8:8; Joel 2:22
• חַיְתוֺ שׂ Isaiah 56:9; Psalm 104:11
• זִזִ שׂ Psalm 50:11; Psalm 80:14

3. Plain, opposite mountain

• Jeremiah 18:14 (but dubious, Cornill and Duhm suggest שִׂרְיֹן)

4. Land, opposed to sea

• Psalm 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; parallel תֵּבֵל Psalm 98:7)

---

II. שָׂדֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 318) noun masculine Leviticus 27:24 id. (ordinary contracted form¹).

— שׂ absolute Genesis 2:5 +; construct שְׂדֵה Genesis 14:7 +; suffix שָׂדִי Jeremiah 32:7, 8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deuteronomy 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 24:19; Leviticus 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֺת 1 Samuel 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֺת Nehemiah 12:29; also שְׂדֵי 2 Samuel 1:21; Isaiah 32:12; Ruth 1:1 (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה²; but see Kö³); suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nehemiah 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1 Kings 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micah 2:4.

1. Open field, country

a. Pasture-land

• Genesis 29:2; Genesis 30:16; Exodus 9:3 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 11:15; 1 Samuel 11:5

b. Unfrequented / Exposed

• Genesis 24:63, 65
• exposed to violence Genesis 4:8 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:6; Deuteronomy 22:25–27
• exposed to wild beasts Exodus 22:30 (Elohist Source); Ezekiel 33:27

c. Specifically home of beasts

• 2 Samuel 17:8; Jeremiah 14:5
• phrase חַיַּת הַשּׂ Genesis 2:19, 20; Genesis 3:1, 14 (Jehovist Source)
• wild beasts Exodus 23:11, 29 (Elohist Source); Hosea 2:14; Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
• hunting-ground Genesis 25:29; Genesis 27:3 (+ אִישׁ שׂ Genesis 25:27)

d. Yielding plants and trees

• Genesis 30:14; Exodus 10:5; 2 Kings 4:39
• phrase עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:18; עֵץ הַשּׂ Exodus 9:25

e. Stony

• אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ Job 5:23

f. Outside of walled city

• Judges 9:32; 1 Samuel 20:5; Micah 4:10
• battle-ground Joshua 8:24 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 10:8
• opposed to city 1 Kings 14:11; Jeremiah 14:18
• nearly = outdoors Exodus 1:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 13:9
• phrase לְפָנֵי הַשּׂ 2 Kings 9:37; Ezekiel 29:5

g. Expanse of country, opposed to mountain

• מְרוֺמֵי שׂ Judges 5:18
• הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ Jeremiah 17:3 (of Jerusalem, dubious)

2. Definite portion of ground, field, land

a. Cultivated ground

• Genesis 37:7 (Elohist Source); Genesis 47:24 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 22:4; Leviticus 27:16 (Priests' Code)
• שָׂדֶה טוֺב Ezekiel 17:8 good soil

b. As private property

• Micah 5:2; Isaiah 5:8
• Genesis 23:9, 11, 13 (Priests' Code)

c. City-land, adjacent to town

• Genesis 41:48 (Elohist Source); Leviticus 25:34 (Priests' Code)
• specifically of Zoan Psalm 78:12, 43

d. Territory of nation or tribe

• Genesis 32:4; Numbers 21:20 (Jehovist/Elohist Sources)
• Judges 5:4; Ruth 1:1, 2

e. Territory of king

• 2 Samuel 9:7; 2 Samuel 13:30

3. Land, opposed to sea

• 1 Chronicles 16:32 (opposed to הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Psalm 96:12)
• perhaps mainland Ezekiel 26:6, 8

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910, § 84 a f (GKC).

² Compare J. Barth, ZMG xlii (1888), 351; SS; Buhl.

³ E. König, Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 1, 77.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγροῦ ἀγρῷ ἀγρὸν πεδίῳ πεδίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7704b:

ἀγροῦ 79× (23.4%)

ἀγρῷ 44× (11.4%)

ἀγρὸν 32× (9.5%)

πεδίῳ 29× (7.1%)

πεδίου 23× (6.6%)

πεδίον 15× (4.0%)

ἀγρόν 13× (3.7%)

pεἰσ 11× (3.7%)

ἀγροὶ 9× (2.7%)

ἀγροὺσ 8× (2.4%)

תנים תַּנּים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תנין

tannîyn

Definition

a marine or land monster, i.e. sea-serpent or jackal

Root

or תנים; (Ezekiel 29:3), intensive from the same as H8565 (תן);

Exhaustive

or תנים; (Ezekiel 29:3), intensive from the same as תן; a marine or land monster, i.e. sea-serpent or jackal; dragon, sea-monster, serpent, whale.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8577

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תַּנִּים

noun • Root תנן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1521

m. prop. howler, then a howling animal of the desert Is. 13, 22, parallel אִי, or along with יַעֲנָה וּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Is. 43, 20, Mic. 1, 8, Job 30, 29, which announced itself by terrible howlings. Understood to mean the jackal.

Matched via consonantal key only

תַּנִּים

plur. • Root תן תנין • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1522

1. plur. from תַּן which see. — 2. sing. for תַּנִּין which see.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תַּנִּים

masc. sing. • Root תנין • Page 721

A great serpent, a sea monster, i.q. תַּנִּין, which is the reading of several MSS. Ezek. 29: 3.

תַּנִּין

m. plur. תַּנִּינִים • Root תן • Page 721

1. a great fish, a sea monster. Gen. 1: 21. Job 7: 12. Is. 27: 1. 2. a serpent, Ex. 7: 9 ff. Deut. 32: 33. Ps. 91: 13. a dragon, Jer. 51: 34. also a crocodile, comp. Ezek. 29: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8577

I. תַּנִּין (erroneous תַּנִּים) noun masculine — serpent, dragon, sea-monster.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id. (rare)
• Arabic تنين (loan-word from Aramaic תַּנִּינָא, תנינא; see Fraenkel¹)
• Ethiopic ተኒን

— תַּנִּין absolute Exodus 7:9 +; תַּנִּים Ezekiel 29:3, Ezekiel 32:2 (by confusion with plural of [תַּן]); plural תַּנִּינַם Genesis 1:21 etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. serpent

• Deuteronomy 32:33 (venomous)
• Psalm 91:13 (+ מֶּתֶן)
• Exodus 7:9, 10, 12 (Priests' Code)

b. dragon (as devourer, simile)

• Jeremiah 51:34
• עֵין הַתּ Nehemiah 2:13 (near Jerusalem)

c. sea- (or river-) monster

• Genesis 1:21 (Priests' Code)
• figurative Job 7:12
• Psalm 74:13 (i.e. Egyptians)
• Isaiah 27:1; Isaiah 51:9 (+ רַהַב, mythological personification of chaos)
• In summons to praise Yahweh: Psalm 148:7 (+ תְּהֹמוֺת)

II. תנן (root of following; apparently parallel with נתן; compare also I. תנה).

¹ Siegmund Fraenkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (1886), 123.

² T. K. Cheyne, Encyclopædia Biblica, "Dragon".

³ Hermann Gunkel, Schöpfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit (1895), 69 ff.

⁴ George A. Barton, Journal of the American Oriental Society, xv. 1 (1891), 23 f.

⁵ W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the Semites, 1st ed. 161; 2nd ed. 176.

⁶ Heinrich Lewy, Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (1895), 15 (compare Greek fish-name θύννος).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δράκων δρακόντων ὡσ δράκοντεσ δράκοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8577a:

δράκων 5× (17.2%)

δρακόντων 4× (13.5%)

ὡσ 3× (11.0%)

δράκοντεσ 3× (11.0%)

δράκοντα 3× (9.3%)

σειρήνων 2× (7.3%)

--- 2× (7.3%)

ובנות וּבְנוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בת

bath

Definition

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Root

from H1129 (בנה) (as feminine of H1121 (בן));

Exhaustive

from בנה (as feminine of בן); a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively); apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1323

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בנן • Strongs / High • Page 929

Daughter. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form בַּנְתְּ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בן • Page 120

1. daughter; freq. 2. granddaughter, female descendant. Gen. 36:2. also used with names of cities to denote female inhabitants. 3. poetic personification of cities and countries (e.g. daughter of Tyre, daughter of Babylon). Is. 47:1, 5. Jer. 46:11. 4. daughters of a city, i. e. small villages under its jurisdiction. Num. 21:25, 32. 5. various idiomatic phrases: daughter of ninety years (ninety years old), a wicked or vile woman, daughters of song (singing birds), daughter of the eye (apple of the eye).

בַּת

noun masculine • Page 120

a bath, a measure for liquids, containing the tenth part of a homer. 1 K. 7:26, 38. Ezek. 45:10.

בַּת

chald. • Page 120

i. q. Heb. בַּת a bath. Ezra 7:22.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1323

I. בַּת (approximate number of occurrences: 587) noun feminine — daughter (*בַּנְתְּ from בן).

Cognates:

• Phoenician בת
• Moabite בנת (plural maidens)
• Assyrian bintu¹
• Arabic بنت
• Sabean בת, בנת²
• Aramaic בְּרַת

— בַּת absolute Exodus 1:16 +; construct בַּת Genesis 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deuteronomy 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Genesis 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Genesis 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Genesis 31:26 +; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Genesis 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Genesis 34:21; בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 12:31 +, etc.

1. Daughter, female child

a. General usage

• Born of a woman: Genesis 30:21; Genesis 34:1; Exodus 1:16, 22; Exodus 21:4; Leviticus 12:6; Hosea 1:6; Genesis 20:12; Leviticus 18:9; Deuteronomy 27:22.
• Begotten by a man: Genesis 5:4, 7, 10; Genesis 11:11, 13, 15; Genesis 19:8; Genesis 28:2.
• Often paired with בֵּן (son): Genesis 5:4 (compare 2 Kings 14:9).
• Human women: בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם Genesis 6:2, 4.
• Specific ranks: בִּתְּךָ הַמְּטַנָּה (younger daughter) Genesis 29:18; בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה (eldest daughter) 1 Samuel 18:17.
• Princess: בַּת־הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 9:34; Daniel 11:6; Psalm 45:10.

b. Girl called by kin

• By father and brothers: בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17; בִּתְּכֶם Genesis 34:8.

c. Adopted daughter

• Esther 2:7, 15.

d. Daughter-in-law

• Address to daughter-in-law: Ruth 1:11–13; Ruth 2:2, 8, 22; Ruth 3:1, 16, 18.

e. Sister or Half-sister

• בַּת־אָבִיו: Ezekiel 22:11.
• Half-sister: Genesis 20:12 (בַּת־אָבִי אַךְ לֹא בַת־אִמִּי); Leviticus 18:9, 11; Leviticus 20:17.

f. Cousin

• בַּת־דֹּדוֺ: Esther 2:7.

g. Kindly address

• בִּתִּי: Ruth 3:10, 11; Psalm 45:11.
• In mouth of God: בְּנוֺתַי Isaiah 43:6.

h. Granddaughters

• בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו: Genesis 46:7 (Priests' Code); Leviticus 18:10, 17 (Holiness Code); Genesis 37:35.

i. Women of a particular city or people

• Daughters of Zion: Isaiah 3:16; Song of Solomon 3:11.
• Daughters of Jerusalem: Song of Solomon 1:5; Song of Solomon 2:7.
• Daughters of Canaan: Genesis 28:1, 6, 8 (Priests' Code).
• Daughters of the Philistines: Judges 14:1; 2 Samuel 1:20.
• Daughters of Israel: Judges 11:40; 1 Samuel 1:24.
• Woman of Levi: בַּת־לַוֵי Exodus 2:1.

2. Young women, women

• Genesis 30:13 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 31:29; Song of Solomon 2:2; 6:9.
• Confident women: בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isaiah 32:9.
• בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Daniel 11:17.

3. Poetic personification of city or people

Poetic designation of inhabitants:

• Daughter of Zion (בַּת־צִיּוֺן): Isaiah 1:8; Micah 4:8; Zechariah 9:9; Lamentations 1:6.
• Virgin daughter of Zion: 2 Kings 19:21; Lamentations 2:13.
• Daughter of Jerusalem: Micah 4:8; Zephaniah 3:14.
• Daughter of Babylon: Jeremiah 50:42; Psalm 137:8.
• Daughter of my people (בַּת־עַמִּי): Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 6:14; Lamentations 4:3, 6, 10.
• Daughter of Egypt: Jeremiah 46:24.
• Daughter of Edom: Lamentations 4:21, 22.

4. Plural as villages

Meaning small towns or "daughter" villages dependent on a mother city:

• Heshbon and its villages: Numbers 21:25; Numbers 32:42 (Elohist Source).
• Joshua 15:45, 47; Joshua 17:11, 16 (Jehovist Source).
• Judges 1:27; Jeremiah 49:2; Nehemiah 11:25–31.

5. In phrases denoting character or quality

• Daughter of a strange god (idolatrous): בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר Malachi 2:11.
• Daughter of a troop (warlike city): בַּת־גְּדוּד Micah 4:14.
• Daughters of song: בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• Daughter of Belial: בַּת־בְּלִיַּעַל 1 Samuel 1:16.

6. Idiomatic and anatomical uses

• Ostrich: בַּת יַעֲנָה Leviticus 11:16; Deuteronomy 14:15; plural Job 30:29; Isaiah 13:21; Jeremiah 50:39.
• Pupil of the eye: בַּת־עַיִן Lamentations 2:18 (compare Ethiopic ባለት).

7. Figurative usage

• Leech's daughters: לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Proverbs 30:15.

8. Of a vine

• Branch: בָּנוֺת צָעֲדָה עֲלֵי־שׁוּר Genesis 49:22.

9. As a noun relative of age

• Of a woman: בַּת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה (ninety years old) Genesis 17:17 (Priests' Code).
• Of a ewe-lamb: בַּת־שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10; Numbers 6:14.
• Of a she-goat: id. Numbers 15:27.

— II. בַּת see below בתת.

¹ Winckler, Sargon, Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, ZMG 1883, 391; CIS iv. l, No. 6. 21.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: θυγατέρεσ θυγάτηρ θυγατέρασ θυγατέρα θυγατέρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1323:

θυγατέρεσ 90× (14.6%)

θυγάτηρ 89× (15.5%)

θυγατέρασ 82× (12.3%)

θυγατέρα 65× (10.8%)

θυγατέρων 54× (8.0%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (4.9%)

θυγατρὸσ 35× (6.0%)

θύγατερ 30× (5.6%)

θυγατρὶ 18× (3.0%)

'' 16× (2.5%)

יענה יַעֲנָה

the ostrich/he is eyeing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יענה

yaʻănâh

Definition

{the ostrich (probably from its answering cry}

Root

feminine of H3283 (יען), and meaning the same

Exhaustive

feminine of יען, and meaning the same; {the ostrich (probably from its answering cry}; [phrase] owl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3284

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעְנָה

feminine noun • Root יען • Consonantal / Medium • Page 625

The female ostrich, always coupled with בַּת (daughter of), as in בַּת יַעְנָה. The plural is בְּנוֹת יַעְנָה. The ostrich is represented as dwelling in waste places.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעֲנָה

noun feminine • Root ענה • Page 290

The ostrich; found only in the phrase בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה (daughter of the ostrich). This bird inhabits waste places and is noted for its doleful cry. (Lev. 11:16, Deut. 14:15, Is. 13:21, 34:13, Mic. 1:8, Job 30:29). Considered a derivative of עָנָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3284

יַעֲנָה noun feminine — greed (?).

— only in בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה Leviticus 11:16; Deuteronomy 14:15; plural בְּנוֹת יַעֲנָה Micah 1:8 (5 times); — ostrich (see √ יען above).

1. Meanings and Uses

• As wailing (simile of mourning) Micah 1:8 (+ תַּנִּים)
• Symbolic of loneliness Job 30:29 (אָח הָיִיתִי לְתַנִּים וְרֵעַ לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה)
• Of desolation, as dwelling among ruins Isaiah 13:21; Isaiah 34:13 (+ תַּנִּים), Jeremiah 50:39
• Dwelling in desert Isaiah 43:20 (+ תַּנִּים)
• Unclean fowl Leviticus 11:16; Deuteronomy 14:15

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: στρουθῶν σειρήνων στρουθὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3284:

στρουθῶν 3× (39.0%)

σειρήνων 2× (26.0%)

στρουθὸν 2× (22.1%)

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

נתתי נָתַתִּי

I have given/you gave

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

במדבר בַמִּדְבָּ֜ר

in the Desolate/Word-Wilderness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדבר

midbâr

Definition

a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)

Root

from H1696 (דבר) in the sense of driving;

Exhaustive

from דבר in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs); desert, south, speech, wilderness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4057

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִדְבָּר

noun • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 351

Wilderness, pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead cattle to pasture).

מִדְבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 810

1. pasture, pasture land, a plain where grass plots are dried up from want of rain; then a steppe. 2. a dry, sterile wilderness. 3. lodge; then a desert generally, an uninhabited, forsaken place.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדְבָּר

m. verbal / dec. ii. b. • Root דבר • Page 355

1. Speech (Cant. 4:3). 2. A wilderness, uncultivated barren country (Ps. 65:13). 3. An actual waste, a sandy desert (Is. 32:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4057

I. [מִדְבָּר] noun masculine — mouth, as organ of speech.

— מִדְבָּרֵךְ נָאוֶה thy mouth is lovely Song of Solomon 4:3 (+ שִׁפְתוֺתַיִךְ), ᵐ5 λαλιά, Jerome eloquium.

II. מִדְבָּר (approximate number of occurrences: 270) noun masculine — wilderness.

— מִדְבָּר absolute Deuteronomy 32:10 +; with ה locative מִדְבָּ֫רָה Joshua 18:12 (15 times); construct מִדְבַּר Exodus 15:22 +; מִדְבַּ֫רָה 1 Kings 19:15; suffix מִדְבָּרָהּ Isaiah 51:3.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds

• דָּֽשְׁאוּ נְאוֺת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness put forth green grass Joel 2:22
• יִרְעֲפוּ נְאוֺת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness drop (fertility) Psalm 65:13
• יָָֽבְשׁוּ נְאוֺת מִדְבָּר are dried up Jeremiah 23:10, compare Jeremiah 9:9; Joel 1:19–20

b. Uninhabited land

• מִדְבָּר לֹא־אָדָם בּוֹ wilderness in which is no man Job 38:26
• Abode of pelicans Psalm 102:7; wild asses Job 24:5; Jeremiah 2:24; jackals Malachi 1:3; ostriches Lamentations 4:3
• מִי־יִתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים וְֶאעֶזְבָה אֶת־עַמִּי O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfarers, that I might leave my people Jeremiah 9:1
• טוֹב שֶׁבֶת בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious woman Proverbs 21:19
• בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר וּבְתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן in a desert land, and in a waste howling wilderness Deuteronomy 32:10

c. Large tracts of land bearing various names

In certain districts of which there might be towns and cities: יִשְׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו חֲצֵרִים תֵּשֵׁב קֵדָר let the wilderness and its cities lift up (their voice), the villages that Kedar doth inhabit Isaiah 42:11. There were six cities in the wilderness of Judah Joshua 15:61–62; הַמִּדְבָּר usually = wilderness of the wanderings Genesis 14:6; Numbers 14:16, 29, 32, 33 + or the great Arabian desert Judges 11:22 +; but may also refer to any other Song of Solomon 3:6; Song of Solomon 8:5.

• (a) Wilderness of the wandering: מִדְבַּר שׁוּר Exodus 15:22, סִין Exodus 16:1 +, סִינַי Exodus 19:1 +, פָּארָן Numbers 13:26 +, צִן Numbers 20:1 +, קָדֵשׁ Psalm 29:8, אֵתָם Numbers 33:8
• (b) In West Palestine: מִדְבַּר יְהוּדָה Judges 1:16; Psalm 63:1 compare Joshua 15:61, מָעוֹן 1 Samuel 23:24–25, זִיף 1 Samuel 23:15; 1 Samuel 26:2, בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע Genesis 21:14, עֵין גֶּדִי 1 Samuel 24:2, תְּקוֹעַ 2 Chronicles 20:20, יְרוּאֵל 2 Chronicles 20:16, גִּבְעוֹן 2 Samuel 2:24
• (c) In Eastern Palestine: מוֹאָב Deuteronomy 2:8, אֱדוֹם 2 Kings 3:8, קְדֵמוֹת Deuteronomy 2:26

d. Figurative

• וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה and (lest I) make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land Hosea 2:5
• הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל have I been a wilderness to Israel? Jeremiah 2:31

¹ Root דבשׁ (compare Arabic דבס IX. become black or brown, of a colour between black and red; see Fl.).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἐρήμῳ ἔρημον ἐρήμου ἔρημοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4057b:

ἐρήμῳ 128× (40.3%)

ἔρημον 60× (21.3%)

ἐρήμου 42× (15.1%)

ἔρημοσ 10× (4.2%)

pεἰσ 7× (3.0%)

ὡσ 6× (2.7%)

'' 6× (2.3%)

--- 2× (0.9%)

πεδίον 2× (0.8%)

מים מַ֗יִם

dual water

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מים

mayim

Definition

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

Root

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);

Exhaustive

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense); water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen; [phrase] piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4325

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַיִם

m. noun • Root מיה • Strongs / High • Page 842

The flowing, pouring, running; hence water (collective noun). Figuratively: juice of a plant, seed, seminal flux, urine.

מַיִם

coll. m. • Strongs / High • Page 845

Water, in the widest sense and with the greatest variety of applications; used for the ocean, sea, lakes, clouds, rain-water, etc. Also used as a figure of multitude, fulness, abundance, numerous enemies, dangers, and fear.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַיִם

masc. plur. prim. irreg. • Page 372

1. Water or waters. (Gen. 26:19; Num. 5:17). 2. Seed (Is. 48:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4325

II. מַי (approximate number of occurrences: 580) noun masculine only plural מַ֫יִם — waters, water.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite Inscription 23 [מן]י
• Siloam Inscription 5 המים
• Aramaic מַיָּא, מַיִּין
• Assyrian mû, plural mê, also mâmu¹
• Arabic ماء
• Ethiopic ማይ
• Sabean [מו], מום, plural מון
• Minaean [מה], plural מהן²

— מַ֫יִם (מָ֑יִם) Genesis 1:2 +; הַמַּ֫יְמָה Exodus 7:15, Exodus 8:16; construct מֵי Genesis 7:7 (71 times); מֵימֵי Exodus 4:9 (10 times) + Qr 2 Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12; suffix מֵימַי Hosea 2:7 + 1 Samuel 25:11 (but read here יֵינִי); מֵימֶ֫יךָ Exodus 23:25; מֵימָיו Numbers 20:8; מֵימֶיהָ Jeremiah 6:7, Jeremiah 50:38; מֵימֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4; מֵימֵיהֶם Exodus 7:19.

Usually with plural adjective, pronoun, or verb; rarely with singular verb (Genesis 9:15; Numbers 19:13, 20).

1. Literal uses of water

a. Water of a spring or well

• Genesis 16:7; Genesis 24:11, 13, 43
• Exodus 15:27 (Jehovist Source)
• For drinking: Amos 4:8; Amos 8:11; Jonah 3:7
• Out of rock: Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source); Numbers 20:8, 10–11 (Priests' Code)
• מֵי מְרִיבָה waters of Meribah: Numbers 20:13, 24; Deuteronomy 33:8; Psalm 81:8
• For washing: Genesis 18:4; Exodus 29:4; Leviticus 15:5 (Priests' Code)
• For purification: מֵי חַטָּאת Numbers 8:7; מֵי נִדָּה Numbers 19:9

b. Of a river, Nile

• Exodus 2:10; Exodus 4:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Jordan: Joshua 3:8, 15–16
• Euphrates: Isaiah 8:7 (figurative); Jeremiah 2:18

c. Of sea

• Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6
• Red Sea: Exodus 15:8; Exodus 14:21 (Priests' Code)

d. Of flood

• Genesis 7:7, 10 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 6:17 (Priests' Code)
• מֵי־נֹחַ waters of Noah: Isaiah 54:9

e. Other natural forms

• Subterranean: Exodus 20:4; Psalm 136:6
• In clouds: Jeremiah 10:13; Psalm 104:3
• Rain: Judges 5:4; Job 5:10 (+ מָטָר)
• Dew: Judges 6:38
• Primeval deep: Genesis 1:2, 6

2. With proper names of location

To denote springs, streams, or seas belonging to specific places:

• מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם waters of Egypt Exodus 7:19
• מֵי מֵרוֺם waters of Merom Joshua 11:5
• מֵי יְרִיחוֺ waters of Jericho Joshua 16:1
• מֵי הַשִּׁלֹּחַ waters of Shiloah Isaiah 8:6

3. Special uses

• מֵי רַגְלַיִם water of the feet (urine) 2 Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12
• מַיִם לַחַץ water of distress (drunk in prison) 1 Kings 22:27
• מַיִם קְדשִׁים holy water Numbers 5:17
• מֵי הַמָּרִים bitter water Numbers 5:18; Exodus 15:23
• מַיִם חַיִּים living (running) water Leviticus 14:5; (figurative) Zechariah 14:8; Jeremiah 2:13

4. Figurative uses

a. Of distress

• Isaiah 43:2; Psalm 66:12 (+ אֵשׁ)
• As "many waters": 2 Samuel 22:17; Psalm 18:17
• מֵי־רֹאשׁ water of gall: Jeremiah 8:14

b. Of what is impetuous, violent, overwhelming

• Isaiah 28:2, 17; Job 27:20
• Simile of impetuousness: מַּחַז כַּמַּיִם Genesis 49:4

c. Of psychological states

• Timidity (heart melting like water): Joshua 7:5; Psalm 22:16
• Transitoriness: Job 11:16; Psalm 58:8
• Refreshment: Isaiah 32:2; (spiritual) Isaiah 12:3
• Peace: מֵי מְנֻחוֺת Psalm 23:2

d. Other metaphors

• Reckless bloodshed: Psalm 79:3
• Conjugal enjoyment: Proverbs 5:15; Song of Songs 4:15
• Harlotry: מַיִם גְּנוּבִים stolen waters Proverbs 9:17
• Justice: Amos 5:24

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 394).

² D. H. Müller, 6th Oriental Congress (Leiden) ii. 1, 451 f.

³ W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the Semites (RS).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ὕδωρ ὕδατοσ ὕδατι ὕδατα ὑδάτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H4325:

ὕδωρ 255× (41.0%)

ὕδατοσ 96× (15.5%)

ὕδατι 65× (10.3%)

ὕδατα 45× (7.3%)

ὑδάτων 37× (6.2%)

ὡσ 17× (2.9%)

--- 17× (3.0%)

---% 7× (1.0%)

ὕδασιν 7× (0.9%)

'' 6× (0.9%)

נהרות נְהָרוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נהר

nâhâr

Definition

a stream (including the sea; expectation the Nile, Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity

Root

from H5102 (נהר);

Exhaustive

from נהר; a stream (including the sea; expectation the Nile, Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity; flood, river.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5104

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָהָר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Strongs / High • Page 951

1. streaming, current, running water. 2. a river, stream. Applied to rivers such as the Euphrates, Nile, and others, as well as smaller brooks.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָהָר

verb • Root נהר • Page 431

As in Aramean, to shine, to be clear, bright; hence figuratively to rejoice, to have a bright countenance. Ps. 34: 6. Is. 60: 5.

נָהָר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Page 431

A stream, river. Gen. 15:18 (Euphrates), Gen. 31: 21, Ex. 23: 31, Ps. 72: 8, Ezr. 8: 36, Jon. 2: 3. Dual נַהֲרַיִם (Mesopotamia, Gen. 24:10). Plur. נְהָרוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5104

I. נָהָר (approximate number of occurrences: 120) noun masculine Genesis 2:10 — stream, river.

— נָהָר absolute Genesis 2:10 +; construct נְהַר Deuteronomy 1:7 +; plural נְהָרִים Isaiah 18:2, 7 (4 times), construct נַהֲרֵי Isaiah 18:1 (2 times); but oftener נְהָר(וֹ)ת Isaiah 19:6 (23 times); construct נַהֲרוֹת 2 Kings 5:12 (2 times); suffix נַהֲרוֹהֶיךָ Ezekiel 32:2, נַהֲרֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 44:27, נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ Ezekiel 31:4, 15, נַהֲרֹתָם Exodus 7:19, נַהֲרוֹתָם Ezekiel 32:2, 14; apparently dual נַהֲרַיִם Genesis 24:10 (2 times), נַהֲרָ֑יִם Judges 3:8 (all in אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. stream, river

• Numbers 24:6 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Job 14:11; Job 40:23
• Psalm 105:41 (in simile), Isaiah 48:18 (id.), Isaiah 59:19 (id.) + often

b. particular rivers

• River of Eden Genesis 2:10 and its branches Genesis 2:13, 14 (Jehovist Source)
• נְהַר מִצְרַיִם Genesis 15:18 (Jehovist Source; i.e., si vera l., the Nile) but read probably נַחַל מִצְרַיִם¹
• נָהָר of Nile Isaiah 19:5
• Euphrates נְהַר פְּרָת Genesis 15:18; Deuteronomy 1:7 (both + הַנָּהָר הַגָּדוֹל) Joshua 1:4 (8 times) + 2 Samuel 8:3 (Qr ᵐ5 and parallel 1 Chronicles 18:3; Kt omit פְּרָת)
• Oftener of Euphrates without פְּרָת as הַנָּהָר κατ’ ἐξοχήν: Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 22:5; Joshua 24:2, 3, 14, 15 (all Elohist Source), possibly Genesis 36:37 (Priests' Code) = 1 Chronicles 1:48, + 13 times
• Without article (poetry): Isaiah 7:20; Jeremiah 2:18; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalm 72:8
• Of Tigris הַנָּהָר הַגָּדוֹל: Daniel 10:4
• נְהַר גּוֹזָן (+ חָבוֹר) 2 Kings 17:6; 2 Kings 18:11; 1 Chronicles 5:26
• נַהֲרֵי כוּשׁ Zephaniah 3:10
• Of a canal: נְהַר־כְּבָר Ezekiel 1:1, 3 (6 times in Ezekiel); הַנָּהָר אַהֲוָא Ezra 8:21, נְהַר אַהֲוָא Ezra 8:31; נַהֲרוֹת בָּבֶל Psalm 137:1; שַׁעֲרֵי הַנְּהָרוֹת Nahum 2:7 (of Nineveh); of canals of Egypt Exodus 7:19 (+ יְאֹרִים), Exodus 8:1

2. Plural Usage

נְהָרוֹת (מִבְּכִי) Job 28:11 usually understood of (underground) streams; Szold², Gr³, and Perles⁴ propose נִבְכֵי נְהָרוֹת sources of rivers (compare Job 38:16).

3. Figurative Use

figurative of Yahweh's favour: Psalm 46:5.

On נַהֲרַיִם ending apparently dual, see אֲרַם; Tel Amarna Na-ri-ma, Na-rima⁵, and Egyptian Nhrina⁶ point however to original ending im; this inconsistent with view of EMey⁷ that ayim here a locative ending (compare Ba⁸; Buhl⁹), see also Di¹⁰ on Genesis 24:10.

¹ Nöldeke, ZMG xl (1886), 699; Lagarde, BN 140; Ball, Haupt's OT.

² Benjamin Szold, Commentary on Job.

³ Graetz, Monatsschrift (1887), 410.

⁴ Felix Perles, Analekten, 69.

⁵ Winckler, Tel Amarna, 40*.

⁶ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa, 249ff.

⁷ Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Alterthums, § 180.

⁸ Jakob Barth, Nominalbildung, § 194 c. Anm. 1.

⁹ Frants Buhl, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch, 12th ed.

¹⁰ August Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis.

Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: ποταμοῦ ποταμοὺσ ποταμῶν πέραν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5104:

ποταμοῦ 43× (27.3%)

ποταμοῦ 13× (6.1%)

ποταμοὺσ 12× (8.3%)

ποταμῶν 10× (7.2%)

πέραν 9× (6.4%)

ποταμοὶ 9× (5.9%)

ποταμὸσ 9× (5.8%)

ποταμὸν 8× (5.2%)

ποταμοῖσ 5× (3.1%)

ποταμῷ 5× (3.4%)

בישימן בִּישִׁימֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישימון

yᵉshîymôwn

Definition

a desolation

Root

from H3456 (ישם);

Exhaustive

from ישם; a desolation; desert, Jeshimon, solitary, wilderness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3452

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְשִׁימוֹן

adjective / masculine • Root ישם • Consonantal / Low • Page 658

A waste, a desert.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3452

I. יְשִׁימוֺן (approximate number of occurrences: 13) noun masculine — waste, wilderness.

— יְשִׁימוֺן absolute 1 Samuel 23:19 (5 times); יְשִׁימֹן Numbers 21:20 (3 times); יְשִׁמוֺן Isaiah 43:19; יְשִׁמֹן Deuteronomy 32:10; construct יְשִׁימוֺן Psalm 107:4.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. With article, almost as a proper name

• Numbers 21:20 (commanded by Pisgah)
• Numbers 23:28 (by Pe‘or; Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Frequented by David as an outlaw 1 Samuel 23:19, 24; 1 Samuel 26:1, 3

Probably some part of the wilderness of Judah, bordering on Dead Sea (Conder¹; Buhl²); according to others, at least in Numbers (see Dillmann³), part of the ‘Arábah, northeast of the Dead Sea (in which was בֵּית הַיְשִׁימֹת Numbers 33:49 and elsewhere).

b. Without article, a waste or wilderness (only in poetry)

• Of scene of Israel's wanderings (after the Exodus): בְּתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן Deuteronomy 32:10 (+ בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר), Psalm 68:8; Psalm 78:40; Psalm 106:14
• With reference to returning exiles: Isaiah 43:19–20
• דֶּרֶךְ יְשִׁימוֺן Psalm 107:4 waste of a way (= desert way)

¹ C. R. Conder, Tent Work in Palestine (1878).

² F. Buhl, Geographie des alten Palästina (1896).

³ August Dillmann, Commentary on the Hexateuch.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀνύδρῳ ιεσσαιμουν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3452:

ἀνύδρῳ 6× (43.7%)

ιεσσαιμουν 4× (33.0%)

להשקות לְהַשְׁקוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שקה

shâqâh

Definition

to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to; cause to (give, give to, let, make to) drink, drown, moisten, water. See שכר, שתה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8248

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Root שקה • Strongs / High • Page 1476

To drink (like the Hif. form); Aramaic שְׁקֵי is related to שָׁתָה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Page 697

to drink. In Kal not used. Hiph. to make to drink, to water; e. g. cattle, Gen. 24:46, a country, Gen. 2:6. Niph. Amos 8:8 Keth. Pu. to be watered, moistened. Job 21:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8248

[שָׁקָה] verb Hiph`il — cause to drink water, give to drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Hiph`il id.
• Arabic سقى (I. *give to drink*)
• Sabean סקי (*be irrigated*<sup>1</sup>), מסקי (*drinks*<sup>2</sup>), מסתקין (id.<sup>3</sup>)
• Ethiopic ሰቀየ (*water, irrigate*)
• Assyrian šaqû (I. = Hebrew Hiph`il)
• Aramaic שְׁקָא, Aph`el

— for Qal see שָׁתָה; — *Perfect* 3 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקָה Genesis 2:6 +; suffix וְהִשְׁקָהּ Numbers 5:27; 2 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Numbers 20:8 +; 1 singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ezekiel 32:6, etc.; *Imperfect* 3 masculine singular יַשְׁקֶה Numbers 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Genesis 29:10 +, etc.; *Imperative* masculine singular suffix הַשְׁקִ֫הוּ Proverbs 25:21; feminine singular suffix הַשְׁקֹ֫ינִי Genesis 24:43 +; *Infinitive construct* הַשְׁקוֺת Genesis 2:10 +, suffix הַשְׁקֹתוֺ Genesis 24:19; *Participle* מַשְׁקֶה Psalm 104:13, construct Habakkuk 2:15 (see also I., II. מַשְׁקֶה).

1. Water, irrigate (ground)

• Subject mist Genesis 2:6, river Genesis 2:10 (both Yahwist Source), spring Joel 4:18
• Subject יהוה Isaiah 27:3 (+ כֶּרֶם), Ezekiel 17:7 (+ גֶּפֶן), both in figure
• figurative also Ezekiel 32:6 water land מִדָּם
• Literal with מִן of source Psalm 104:13 (+ הָרִים)
• Subject man Ecclesiastes 2:6 (+ יַעַר)

2. Water, give drink to

a. Of animals

• Genesis 24:14, 46 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 29:2 (with מִן of source), Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10
• Exodus 2:16, 17, 19 (all Yahwist Source)
• Psalm 104:11 (subject springs)

b. Of persons

• Genesis 21:19 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:18, 19, 45 (Yahwist Source)
• Habakkuk 2:15 (figurative)
• Isaiah 43:20 (יהוה subject), Psalm 78:15 (id.)
• 2 Chronicles 28:15, with בְּ of vessel Esther 1:7
• With accusative of person and animal Numbers 20:8 (Priestly Code)

c. Double accusative (give one something to drink)

• Amos 2:12; Genesis 19:32, 33, 34, 35; Genesis 24:43 (all Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:19; 1 Samuel 30:11; 2 Samuel 23:15 = 1 Chronicles 11:15
• Job 22:7; compare Songs 8:2 (+ מִיַּיִן)
• figurative Jeremiah 8:14; 9:14; 16:7; 23:15; 25:15; Psalm 69:22
• Compare וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Psalm 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֺ בִּדְמָעוֺת Psalm 80:6

d. Accusative of thing omitted

• Literal Judges 4:19; Exodus 32:20 (Elohist Source)
• figurative Jeremiah 25:17

Pu`al

Imperfect 3 masculine singular וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֺתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Job 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered (refreshed, invigorated).

— נשׁקה Amos 8:8 see שׁקע.

¹ Fell, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), liv (1900), 246.

² Fritz Hommel, Chrestomathie, 124.

³ David Heinrich Müller, Hofmuseum, No. 1, l. 7.

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐπότισεν ποτιῶ ποτιεῖ ποτίσαι ποτιεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8248:

ἐπότισεν 10× (13.7%)

ποτιῶ 6× (9.0%)

ποτιεῖ 5× (7.4%)

ποτίσαι 4× (5.8%)

ποτιεῖσ 4× (5.6%)

πότισόν 3× (4.7%)

ἐπότισαν 3× (4.5%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (3.6%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (3.3%)

ποτιοῦσιν 2× (3.2%)

עמי עַמִּי

the people of myself/with me

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

בחירי בְחִירִי׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בחיר

bâchîyr

Definition

select

Root

from H977 (בחר);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H972

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּחִיר

verb • Root בחר • Page 92

One chosen or elect of God.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H972

I. בָּחִיר (approximate number of occurrences: 13) noun masculine — chosen, elect.

— בָּחִיר absolute (implied in usage); construct בְּחִיר 2 Samuel 21:6 (but compare Wellhausen¹, Driver² reading בְּהָר י); suffix בְּחִירָיו 1 Chronicles 16:13; Psalm 89:4; Psalm 105:6; Psalm 105:43; Psalm 106:5; Psalm 106:23; Isaiah 3:1; Isaiah 42:1; Isaiah 43:20; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 65:9; Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 65:22; always the chosen or elect of יְהוָה (Yahweh).

Meanings and Uses

a. The chosen or elect of Yahweh

• 2 Samuel 21:6 (construct form)
• 1 Chronicles 16:13
• Psalm 89:4
• Psalm 105:6
• Psalm 105:43
• Psalm 106:5
• Psalm 106:23
• Isaiah 3:1
• Isaiah 42:1
• Isaiah 43:20
• Isaiah 45:4
• Isaiah 65:9
• Isaiah 65:15
• Isaiah 65:22

¹ J. Wellhausen, scholar reference (expanded from "We").

² S. R. Driver, scholar reference (expanded from "Dr").

³ Superscript ³ likely refers to a footnote in the original text, possibly indicating a variant or additional note; context suggests a textual variant reading.

Adjective adjective both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0972:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The beast of the field shall know me, the sea monster and the daughters of the ostrich: for I gave waters in the desert, rivers in the waste to give drink to my people, my chosen.

LITV Translation:
The beast of the field shall honor Me, jackals and daughters of ostriches; because I give waters in the wilderness, rivers in the desert, to give drink to My people, My chosen.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The beasts of the field shall bless me, the owls and young ostriches; for I have given water in the wilderness, and rivers in the dry land, to give drink to my chosen race,