Genesis 9:13

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

קשתי קַשְׁתִּ֕י

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7198

I. קֶ֫שֶׁת noun feminine (apparently masculine 2 Samuel 1:22 but see Albr¹) — bow.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian qastu
• Ethiopic ቀስት
• Arabic قوس
• Targum קַשְׁתָּא, קוּשְׁטָא
• Syriac ܩܫܬܐ
• Old Aramaic קשת
• Mandean כשטא
• Palmyrene קשטא

— קֶ֫שֶׁת absolute Hosea 1:7 +, קָ֑שֶׁת Jeremiah 46:9 +; construct קֶ֫שֶׁת Hosea 1:5 +; suffix קַשְׁתִּי Genesis 48:22 + etc.; plural absolute קְשָׁתוֺת 2 Chronicles 26:14 +; suffix קַש.ּׁתֹתָיו (GKC²) Isaiah 5:28, קַש.ּׁתוֺתָם Jeremiah 51:56; Psalm 37:15, קַש.ּׁתֹתֵיהֶם Nehemiah 4:7.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. For hunting

• Genesis 27:3 (Yahwist Source; + תְּלְי)

b. In battle

• + (or parallel to) חֶרֶב Genesis 48:22; Joshua 24:12 (both Elohist Source); Hosea 1:7; Hosea 2:20
• 1 Samuel 18:4 (+ חְַגֹרוֺ); 2 Samuel 1:22; 2 Kings 6:22
• Isaiah 41:2; Nehemiah 4:7 (+ רָמְחֵיהֶם)
• Zechariah 9:13 (figurative of Judah as יהוה’s bow)
• Psalm 37:15 (figurative); Psalm 44:7
• + (or parallel to) חִצִּים Isaiah 7:24; 2 Kings 13:15; Ezekiel 39:3, 9
• רִשְׁפֵי ק׳ Psalm 76:4 (meaning arrows); בֶּן ק׳ Job 41:20
• ק׳ מִלְחָמָה battle-bow Zechariah 9:10; Zechariah 10:4
• כְּק׳ רְמִיָּה like a bow of deception Hosea 7:16; Psalm 78:57 (one that misses its aim)

c. Collective = bowmen, archers

• Isaiah 21:17

d. Idiomatic phrases

• הַמּוֺרִים בַּקּ׳ archers, bowmen 1 Samuel 31:3; 1 Chronicles 10:3
• מְטַחֲוֵי ק׳ a bowshot Genesis 21:16
• תֹּפֵשׁ הַקּ׳ one grasping the bow Amos 2:15; Jeremiah 46:9
• דָּרַךְ ק׳ to bend (tread) the bow Isaiah 5:28; Jeremiah 50:14; Psalm 7:13; Lamentations 2:4
• מָשַׁךְ בַּקּ׳ to draw the bow 1 Kings 22:34; Isaiah 66:19

e. Figurative of might and strength

• Genesis 49:24; 1 Samuel 2:4; Hosea 1:5; Jeremiah 49:35; Job 29:20
• ק׳ נְחוּשָׁה bow of bronze figurative of divine judgment Job 20:24

2. Rainbow

• כְּמַרְאֵה הַקּ׳ אֲשַׁר יִהְיֶה בֶעָנָן Ezekiel 1:28
• Genesis 9:13, 14, 16 (Priests' Code)

¹ Albright, ZAW xvi (1896) 91.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

נתתי נָתַתִּי

I have given/you gave

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

בענן בֶּעָנָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ענן

ʻânân

Definition

a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or thunder-cloud

Root

from H6049 (ענן);

Exhaustive

from ענן; a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or thunder-cloud; cloud(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6051

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָנָן

noun masculine • Root ענן • Strongs / High • Page 1114

1. A cloud, so called from veiling, covering; a figure of darkness and obscurity or quick disappearance; a sign of divine protection. 2. N. p. m. (A Protector, Defender, viz. Jah is).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָנָן

m. const. • Page 518

a cloud (Gen. 9:14, Ex. 13:21, 22, 14:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6051

I. עָנָן (approximate number of occurrences: 87) noun masculine^{Exodus 19:16} — cloud-mass, cloud.

— הֶעָנָן, עָנָן absolute Exodus 19:9 +; construct עֲנַן Hosea 6:4 +; suffix עֲנָֽנְךָ Numbers 14:14, עֲנָנוֺ Job 26:9; Job 37:15; plural עֲנָנִים Jeremiah 4:13.

1. Cloud-mass

a. Especially of theophanic cloud

• (58 times), chiefly at Exodus in JE (less often Priests' Code), usually עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן Exodus 13:21, 22 + (see עַמּוּד)
• עָנָן alone Exodus 34:5; compare Exodus 14:20 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 10:34; Numbers 11:35; Numbers 14:14 (all JE)
• עַב הֶעָנָן Exodus 19:9, עָנָן כָּבֵד Exodus 19:16 (Elohist Source)
• עָנָן in Priests' Code Exodus 16:10; Exodus 24:15 23 times; also Deuteronomy 1:33; Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:19; Psalm 78:14; Psalm 105:39
• In temple 1 Kings 8:10, 11, 2 Chronicles 5:13, 14, compare Ezekiel 1:4; Ezekiel 10:3, 4
• In general Psalm 97:2, as symbol of protection Isaiah 4:5; as a barrier Lamentations 3:44; compare וְעָנָן אֲבַק רַגְלָיו Nahum 1:3

b. Of rain-bow cloud

• Genesis 9:13, 14 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:16 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 1:28 (simile).

c. Transitoriness and invasion

• עֲנַן בֹּקֶר Hosea 6:4; Hosea 13:3 (simile of transitoriness; on phenomenon in Palestine see Chaplin¹), compare Isaiah 44:22; Job 7:9 (both id.)
• Simile of invasion Ezekiel 38:9, 16, plural Jeremiah 4:13

d. Poetic in various connections

• Job 26:8, 9; Job 38:9; with אוֺר as thunder-cloud Job 37:11, 15.

e. Symbolic of gloom

• Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 32:7; יוֹם עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל Zephaniah 1:15; Ezekiel 34:12; Joel 2:2, compare Ezekiel 30:3 (all of day of יהוה).

2. Cloud of incense

עֲנַן קְטֹרֶת Leviticus 16:13 (Priests' Code) cloud of incense, so Ezekiel 8:11 (strike out עָנָן ᵐ5² Co³ Berthol⁴, not Toy⁵).

¹ T. Chaplin, Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (PEQ), 1883, 19.

² Septuagint.

³ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁴ A. Bertholet, Das Buch Hesekiel (1897).

⁵ C. H. Toy, Ezekiel in Sacred Books of the Old Testament (1899).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νεφέλη νεφέλησ νεφέλῃ ὡσ νέφοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6051:

νεφέλη 35× (34.7%)

νεφέλησ 22× (23.7%)

νεφέλῃ 11× (10.1%)

ὡσ 6× (6.9%)

νέφοσ 5× (5.7%)

---% 3× (2.8%)

--- 2× (2.3%)

νεφέλην 2× (2.3%)

γνόφοσ 2× (2.3%)

ἀτμὶσ 2× (1.8%)

והיתה וְהָיְתָה

and she has become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

לאות לְאוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אות

ʼôwth

Definition

a signal (literally or figuratively), as aflag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.

Root

probably from H225 (אות) (in the sense of appearing);

Exhaustive

probably from אות (in the sense of appearing); a signal (literally or figuratively), as aflag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.; mark, miracle, (en-) sign, token.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H226

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹת

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 85

Properly the writing or sign engraved, indented; hence 1. a character, sign, mark; 2. covenant-sign, in full אוֹת בְּרִית.

אוֹת

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 86

Symbol, sanctuaries; military standard of single tribes, flag; time-sign for marking portions of time; omen and prodigy, a sign of something future; memorial, a monument.

אוֹת

noun masculine • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 86

Properly the being, existence, essence, body, hence person; self; used as a pronoun for emphasis; functions as a particle (accusative marker) to emphasize or make prominent the subject or object.

אוֹת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Alternative form of the accusative particle אֵת, often used when suffixes are attached or in plene writing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אוֹת

verb • Page 35

To consent. References: 2 K. 12:9; Gen. 34:15, 22, 23.

אוֹת

noun masculine • Page 34

A sign, flag, or standard (Num. 2:2); a memorial, pledge, or covenant (Gen. 17:11, Ex. 31:13); a token, omen, or prediction of a future event (Ex. 3:12, 1 Sam. 2:34); an emblem or symbol. Plural: אוֹתוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H226

I. אֹת (approximate number of occurrences: 79) noun masculine Exodus 4:8 (feminine Joshua 24:17) — sign.

Cognates:

• Arabic اللهم
• Arabic plural أسط
• Aramaic אָתָא
• Aramaic אבגד

— אֹת absolute Genesis 4:15 +; construct Genesis 9:12 +; plural אֹתֹת Exodus 4:9.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sign, pledge, token

• Genesis 4:15 (J¹)
• אֹת אֱמֶת true token Joshua 2:12 (J)
• Of blood of Passover Exodus 12:13 (P)
• אֹת לְטוֹבָה token for good Psalm 86:17
• Pledges, assurances of travelers Job 21:29

b. Signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain predicted events

• 1 Samuel 10:7, 9 + 1 Samuel 10:1 where אֹת insert אֹתֹת, see We² Dr³
• Especially phrase זֶה הָאֹת לְ Exodus 3:12; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Samuel 14:10; 2 Kings 19:29; Jeremiah 44:29; Isaiah 7:11, 14; probably also Isaiah 44:25 (of false prophets)

c. Sign, symbol of prophets

• Isaiah 8:18 compare Ezekiel 4:3

d. Signs, miracles, as pledges or attestations of divine presence and interposition

• Exodus 4:8 (twice in verse); Exodus 4:9 (J) Exodus 7:3 (P) Exodus 8:19 (J) Psalm 74:9; 2 Kings 19:29; 2 Kings 20:8, 9 = Isaiah 37:30; Isaiah 38:7, 22
• With עָשָׂה Exodus 4:17, 30; Numbers 14:11, 22; Joshua 24:17 (all J E) Deuteronomy 11:3; Judges 6:17
• With צִוָּה Exodus 4:28 (J)
• With שִׂים Exodus 10:1 (J); with שִׂים Exodus 10:2 (J) Psalm 78:43; Isaiah 66:19
• הָאֹת וְהַמּוֹפֵת (see מוֹפֵת) Deuteronomy 13:3; compare Deuteronomy 28:46; Isaiah 20:3
• אֹת מֵאֹת Deuteronomy 13:2
• אֹתֹת וּמוֹפְתִים Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 7:19; Deuteronomy 26:8; Deuteronomy 29:2; Jeremiah 32:31
• With נָתַן Deuteronomy 6:22; Nehemiah 9:10
• With שִׂים Jeremiah 32:20; Psalm 105:27
• With שָׁלַח Deuteronomy 34:11; Psalm 135:9

e. Signs, memorials

• Stones from Jordan Joshua 4:6 (J)
• Metal of censers Numbers 17:3 (P)
• Aaron's rod Numbers 17:25 (P)
• עוֹלָם אֹת Isaiah 55:13 probably also Ezekiel 14:8 ("" מָשָׁל)
• Signs on hands, etc., Exodus 13:9, 16 (J) = Deuteronomy 6:8; Deuteronomy 11:18, probably belong here
• Also memorial pillar in Egypt Isaiah 19:20

f. Sign, pledge of covenant

• הַבְּרִית אֹת (see בְּרִית) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian covenant Genesis 9:12, 13, 17 (P)
• Circumcision, of Abrahamic covenant Genesis 17:11 (P)
• The sabbath Exodus 31:13, 17 (P); Ezekiel 20:12, 20

g. Ensigns, standards

• Numbers 2:2 (P) Psalm 74:4

h. Signs, tokens of changes of weather and times

• Genesis 1:14 (P; of heavenly luminaries) אֹתֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם Jeremiah 10:2 (changes of the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) compare Psalm 65:9

¹ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² We: Julius Wellhausen.

³ Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0226:

No stats available

ברית בְּרִית

alliance

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ברית

bᵉrîyth

Definition

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

Root

from H1262 (ברה) (in the sense of cutting (like H1254 (ברא)));

Exhaustive

from ברה (in the sense of cutting (like ברא)); a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh); confederacy, (con-) feder(-ate), covenant, league.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1285

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּרִית

noun feminine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 278

Covenant, league (prop. cutting in pieces of the sacrificial animal).

Matched via consonantal key only

בֹּרִית

noun feminine • Root ברר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 278

Lye, vegetable kali, a material for cleansing; salt of lye from soap plants.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּרִית

f. dec. i. • Root ברה • Page 116

covenant, league, compact. Often denotes the person with whom the covenant is made (Lev. 26:45). In some contexts equivalent to law, such as 'the law chest' or 'ark of the covenant' (Josh. 3:6) and 'book of the law' (Ex. 24:7). Referenced in 1 Chr. 7:23, Deut. 4:31, and Mal. 3:2.

בֹּרִית

noun feminine • Root ברר • Page 116

alkali, lie, lixivium; especially vegetable alkali procured from the ashes of alkaline plants used by ancients for cleansing and washing clothes. As to its form, it is probably a denom. from בָּרַר (purification). Referenced in Jer. 2:22 and Mal. 3:2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1285

I. בְּרִית (approximate number of occurrences: 285) noun feminine — covenant (parallel Aramaic קְיָם, διαθήκη; constitutio).

— בְּרִית Genesis 9:13 (199 times); suffix בְּרִיתִי Genesis 6:18 (50 times); בְּרִיתְךָ Deuteronomy 33:9; בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 44:18 (11 times); בְּרִיתְכֶם Isaiah 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ Ezekiel 16:61; בְּרִיתוֹ Exodus 2:24 (18 times); — pact, compact, covenant.

I. Between men

1. Treaty, alliance, league

• Abraham and Amorites Genesis 14:13
• Edom and its allies Obadiah 7
• With Philistines Genesis 21:27, 32 (Elohist Source), Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• Jacob and Laban Genesis 31:44 (Jehovist Source)
• Joshua and Gibeonites Joshua 9:6, 7, 11, 15, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Israel and Canaanites Exodus 23:32; Exodus 34:12, 15 (Jehovist/Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2
• Ammonites and Jabesh 1 Samuel 11:1
• Solomon and Hiram 1 Kings 5:26
• Ahab and Benhadad 1 Kings 20:34
• Syria and Israel 1 Kings 15:19; 2 Chronicles 16:3
• Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ezekiel 17:13–19
• Nations against Israel Psalm 83:6
• Nations with Egypt Ezekiel 30:5
• Ephraim and Assyria Hosea 12:2
• Judah and Israel Ezekiel 16:61
• Judah and Tyre Amos 1:9
• Assyria and Judah Isaiah 33:8
• נְגִיד בְּרִית a prince in league (with him) Daniel 11:22 (Hengstenberg, Ewald; others reference high priest Onias III)
• figurative, with death Isaiah 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Job 5:23

2. Constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects

• David and Abner 2 Samuel 3:12, 13, 21
• David and the elders of Israel 2 Samuel 5:3 = 1 Chronicles 11:3
• Zedekiah and his people Jeremiah 34:8–18
• Hostile prince and Israelites Daniel 9:27

3. Agreement, pledge

• Jehoiada and captains 2 Kings 11:4; 2 Chronicles 23:1
• With oneself Job 31:1
• With Leviathan to be a servant Job 40:28
• Between man and man Hosea 10:4 compare בַּעַל בְּרִית Judges 8:33; Judges 9:4 = אֵל בְּרִית Judges 9:46

4. Alliance of friendship

• Between David and Jonathan 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:18 compare Psalm 55:21

5. Alliance of marriage

• Proverbs 2:17; Malachi 2:14

— In all cases כָּרַת בְּרִית is the technical phrase for making covenant except Jeremiah 34:10 בָּאוּ בַבְּרִית; Daniel 9:27 הִגְבִּיר בְּרִית לְ. Various prepositions are used, most often לְ Exodus 23:32 +, but also עִם Genesis 26:28 +, אֵת 2 Samuel 3:12 +, בֵּין 2 Chronicles 16:3.

II. Between God and man

1. Alliance of friendship

• (+ סוֹד) Psalm 25:14

2. Covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (see אוֹת)

• a. With Noah: Genesis 9:9–17 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 54:10; Jeremiah 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge.
• b. With Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: Genesis 15:18 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 17:2–21, Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:4, 5; Leviticus 26:42 (Priests' Code), 2 Kings 13:23; 1 Chronicles 16:15 = Psalm 105:8; Psalm 105:10; Nehemiah 9:8; Jeremiah 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations.
• c. With Israel at Sinai = Horeb: with a covenant sacrifice Exodus 19:5; Exodus 24:7, 8 (Elohist Source), Exodus 34:10, 27, 28 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 2:13 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 24:8; Leviticus 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (Holiness Code), Deuteronomy 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Deuteronomy 28:69; with blessings and curses Deuteronomy 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2 Chronicles 34:32; Psalm 25:10; Psalm 44:18; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 50:16; Psalm 74:20; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 78:37; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; Psalm 111:9; Isaiah 56:4, 6; Jeremiah 1:2; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 31:32; Ezekiel 16:8, 59, 60; Ezekiel 44:7; Daniel 9:4; Daniel 11:28, 30, 32; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; Zechariah 9:11; Zechariah 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobedience, in the form of tables of the covenant Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in אֲרוֹן בְּרִית the ark of the covenant Numbers 10:33 (40 times); set forth in דִּבְרֵי הַבְּרִית words of the covenant Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:8; 2 Kings 23:3 (= 2 Chronicles 34:31), Jeremiah 11:2–8; written in סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית the book of the covenant Exodus 24:7 (Elohist Source) 2 Kings 23:2, 21.
• d. With Phinehas: Numbers 25:12, 13 (Priests' Code), a constitution establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; compare בְּרִית הַכֹּהֲנִים Nehemiah 13:29 & בְּרִית הַלֵּוִי Malachi 2:4, 8.
• e. With Joshua and Israel: Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only.
• f. With David: Psalm 89:4; Psalm 89:29; Psalm 89:34; Psalm 89:39; Psalm 132:12; Jeremiah 33:21; a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple.
• g. Jehoiada and the people: 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Chronicles 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh.
• h. Hezekiah and the people: 2 Chronicles 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship.
• i. Josiah and the people: 2 Kings 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant.
• j. Ezra and the people: Ezra 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law.
• k. The prophetic covenant: a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה Jeremiah 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 59:21; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 31:31, 33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60, 62; Ezekiel 20:37; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; Hosea 2:20. In Second Isaiah the Messianic servant is בְּרִית עָם Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8, compare מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית Malachi 3:1.

III. Phrases

1. Covenant making

• כָּרַת בְּרִית Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:10, 27 (Jehovist Source) Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source) Deuteronomy 5:2, 3; Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:13, 24; 1 Kings 5:26; 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Kings 17:35, 38; 2 Kings 23:3; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 89:4; Isaiah 55:3; Jeremiah 31:31, 32, 33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 34:13; Ezekiel 34:25; Hosea 2:20
• הֵקִים בְּרִית establish a covenant Genesis 6:18; Genesis 9:9, 11, 17; Genesis 17:7, 19, 21; Exodus 6:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 16:60, 62, but confirm covenant Leviticus 26:9 (Holiness Code?); Deuteronomy 8:18
• נָתַן בְּרִית Genesis 17:2; Numbers 25:12 (Priests' Code)
• שָׂם בְּרִית 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry)
• עָבַר בִּבְרִית Deuteronomy 29:11
• בָּא בִבְרִית 2 Chronicles 15:12; Ezekiel 16:8
• צִוָּה בְרִית Psalm 111:9
• נָשָׂא בְרִית עַל פִּי Psalm 50:16

2. Covenant keeping

• On the part of man: שָׁמַר בְּרִית 1 Kings 11:11; Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 132:12; Daniel 9:4; נָצַר בְּרִית Deuteronomy 33:9; Psalm 25:10; מַחֲזִיקִים בַּבְּרִית Isaiah 56:4, 6
• On the part of God: זָכַר בְּרִית Genesis 9:15, 16; Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:5 (all Priests' Code), Leviticus 26:42, 45 (Holiness Code); Psalm 105:8; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; 1 Chronicles 16:15; Ezekiel 16:60
• Associated types: נֶאֱמֶנֶת Psalm 89:29; בְּרִית עוֹלָם Genesis 9:16; Genesis 17:7, 13, 19; Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 18:19; Numbers 25:13 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry); 1 Chronicles 16:17 (= Psalm 105:10); Isaiah 24:5; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 37:26; בְּרִית מֶלַח Leviticus 2:13; 2 Chronicles 13:5; 2 Chronicles 21:7 (a covenant with sacrificial meal and salt); בְּרִית שָׁלוֹם Numbers 25:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 54:10; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד Deuteronomy 7:9, 12; 1 Kings 8:23 (= 2 Chronicles 6:14); Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Daniel 9:4; בְּרִית קֹדֶשׁ Daniel 11:28, 30; מָסֹרֶת הַבְּרִית Ezekiel 20:37

3. Covenant violation

• עָבַר בְּרִית Deuteronomy 17:2; Joshua 7:11, 15; Joshua 23:16 (Deuteronomistic Source); Judges 2:20; 2 Kings 18:12; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1
• הֵפֵר בְּרִית Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 26:15, 44 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 31:16, 20 (Jehovist Source); Judges 2:1; Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 31:32; Jeremiah 33:20, 21; Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 17:18, 19; Ezekiel 44:7; Zechariah 11:10
• עָזַב בְּרִית 1 Kings 19:10, 14; Jeremiah 22:9; Daniel 11:30
• מָאַס בְּרִית 2 Kings 17:15
• נָאַר בְּרִית Psalm 89:39
• חִלֵּל בְּרִית Psalm 89:34; Malachi 2:10
• שִׁקֵּר בִּבְרִית Psalm 44:18
• שָׁכַח בְּרִית Deuteronomy 4:23, 31; Jeremiah 50:5

¹ S. R. Driver, Journal of Philology, xi, 1882, pp. 201 ff.

² J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, iii, p. 124.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: διαθήκην διαθήκησ διαθήκη '' διαθήκῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1285:

διαθήκην 155× (53.9%)

διαθήκησ 80× (27.7%)

διαθήκη 18× (6.0%)

'' 10× (3.2%)

διαθήκῃ 9× (2.6%)

--- 7× (2.7%)

ביני בֵּיני

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בין

bêyn

Definition

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Root

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly, the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from H995 (בין); a distinction; but used only as a preposition,

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H996

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 228

Aramaic form of the Hebrew verb meaning to understand or perceive.

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

See בּוּן Hif. II.

בִּין

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

As a noun, see בִּינָה.

בֵּין

preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Aramaic preposition, the same as the Hebrew equivalent: between.

בֵּין

preposition • Root בינת • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

Between; abridged from בַּיִנַת.

בַּיִן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Division, separation, and therefore concrete interval (space between two things); commonly used as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'.

הִלְבִּין

verb • Root לבן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 766

To show whiteness, to be white, of snow. Figuratively: to cleanse, to purify, to absolve from sin.

יָבִין

noun proper • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

intelligent; a proper name of Phenician kings of northern Palestine.

מֵבִין

masculine noun • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

Instructing (only in plural מְבִינִים in K'tib).

שְׁבִיבִין

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1373

the same (flame/spark).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Root , , בין , , • Page 94

1. to see, perceive, observe (Prov. 7:7, Dan. 10:1). 2. to see into, to understand (Is. 6:9, Dan. 12:8). 3. to know (Ps. 139:2). 4. to have understanding, to be wise or intelligent (Ps. 49:21). Also found in Niph. (intelligent, Gen. 41:33), Pil. (to observe, take care of, Deut. 32:10), and Hiph. (to explain, Dan. 8:16; to teach, instruct, Neh. 8:9; to make wise, Job 32:8; to perceive/attend, Dan. 8:5; to know, Job 28:23).

בֵּין

strictly a subst. / used as a prep. • Page 95

Intermediate space, interval, midst; hence dual בֵּינַיִם (1 Sam. 17:4, 23) a middle-man, umpire, champion. Used as a preposition meaning 'between' (Ex. 11:7, Gen. 26:28, Neh. 5:18, Prov. 26:13).

בֵּין

preposition • Page 95

Between, as in Hebrew.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H996

[ בֵּין ] substantive properly interval, space between (ܐܠܗܐ ܫܠܡ idem) — construct בֵּין once Isaiah 44:4 (Ba¹) בֵּן, בֵּינִי, בֵּינְךָ, בֵּינְךְ, בֵּינוֹ (בֵּינָיו Joshua 3:4; Joshua 8:11 Qr); with plural suffix in plural form בֵּינֵינוּ (בֵּנֵינוּ), etc.; also בֵּינוֹת Ezekiel 10:2 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7 (twice in verse) (+ Ezekiel 1:13 אֵשׁ Hi Ew etc. for דְּמוּת), בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ Genesis 26:28; Joshua 22:34; Judges 11:10, בֵּינוֹתָם Genesis 42:23; 2 Samuel 21:7; Jeremiah 25:16; dual בֵּנַיִם (see below); — 1 always (except dual) as preposition in the interval of, between (so Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי, ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ; ነጻት), as Genesis 15:17 בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים between the pieces, Exodus 13:9 and elsewhere בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ between thy eyes (see עַיִן), Isaiah 22:11 and elsewhere between the two walls (see חוֹמָה), Job 24:11; Job 30:7; Job 40:30 part him between merchants; rather more generally among Hosea 13:15; Canticles 2:2,3; Ezekiel 19:2; Ezekiel 31:3; Job 34:37; less exactly within Proverbs 26:13 a lion is בֵּין הָרְחֹבוֹת within the board places (compare Proverbs 23:13 בְּתוֹךְ): once with a singular (unusual) Daniel 8:16 בֵּין אֻלַי between the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done a. most commonly by repeating בֵּין, as Genesis 13:3 בֵּין בֵּית־אֵל וּבֵין הָעַי literally in the interval of Bethel, and in the interval of Ai, i.e. between Bethel and Ai, Genesis 16:14; Genesis 17:7; Genesis 31:50,51 b. more rarely by בֵּין — לְ, Genesis 1:6 dividing בֵּין מַיִם לָמַיִם literally in the interval of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:33; Deuteronomy 17:8 (3 times in verse); 2 Samuel 19:36; 1 Kings 3:9; Ezekiel 41:18; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 4:11; Malachi 3:18 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 14:10. c. by בֵּין — וְלְ Joel 2:17. d. by בֵּין — לְבֵין Isaiah 59:2. בֵּין is used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing (figurative) Genesis 1:14; Leviticus 10:10, and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be involved, as Genesis 16:5; 2 Samuel 19:36 הָאֵדַע בֵּין טוֹב לְרָע can I discern between good and evil? 1 Kings 3:9; Jonah 4:11; Genesis 31:49 (watch between), Judges 11:10 (hear), Joshua 22:27 (witness), Isaiah 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, Isaiah 5:3; Leviticus 27:33; Ezekiel 44:23; Malachi 3:18; 2 Chronicles 14:10 (see RV); and in other metaphoric applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Genesis 9:12,15; Exodus 31:13 +; or an oath Genesis 26:28; 2 Samuel 21:7; enmity or strife Genesis 3:15; Genesis 13:7; Deuteronomy 25:1; Proverbs 6:19; peace 1 Kings 5:26; good-will Proverbs 14:9. — It is used of time in the phrase of P בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם (see below עֶרֶב), & Nehemiah 5:18 בֵּין עֶשְׂרֵת יָמִים during the interval of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).

With other prepositions: — a. אֵל־בֵּין, after a verb implying motion, in between, in among Ezekiel 31:10,14. So אֵל־בֵּינוֹת לְ ib. Ezekiel 10:2. b. בְּבֵין Isaiah 44:4 in the midst of, amongst (אֵשׁ Ew Di Che כְּבֵין מַיִם חָצִיר). c. עַל־בֵּין nearly as אֵל־בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 d. מִבֵּין from between: Genesis 49:10 nor the ruler's staff מִבֵּין רַגְלָיו from between his feet (where, as the king sits in state, he holds it), Exodus 25:22 from between the cherubim (so Numbers 7:89), Hosea 2:4; Zechariah 6:1; Zechariah 9:7; Deuteronomy 28:57 the after-birth הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ that cometh forth from between her feet, i.e. from her womb (compare Il. 19. 10 πὸσὶν μεταξὺ γυναικός). Repeated 2 Kings 16:14 to specify the two objects from between which a thing is moved. Ezekiel 47:18 is difficult and uncertain: see Commentaries. Less precisely from, the midst of: Numbers 17:2 מִבֵּין הַשְּׂרֵפָה out of the midst of the burning, Psalm 104:12 מִבֵּין עֲפָאִים from amongst the branches they utter their song, Jeremiah 48:45 and a flame מִבֵּין סִיחוֹן from the midst of Sihon (Sihon representing his people: but expression is singular; read perhaps מִבֵּית ס, compare Numbers 21:28 מִקִּרְיַת ס: "" in both passages מֵחֶשְׁבּוֹן), Ezekiel 37:21. e. מִבֵּינוֹת לְ from between Ezekiel 10:2,6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7.

2 Dual בֵּנַיִם space between two armies (= Greek μεταίχμιον), 1 Samuel 17:4,23 אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם man of the μεταίχμιον, i.e. champion (of Goliath).

בֵּית feminine of בֵּין, בֵּין (Nö M 194 f.; Syriac ܐܠܗܐ often, PS 470) preposition between Ezekiel 41:9 b (to be joined with Ezekiel 41:10; see RVm), unless indeed a mere error for בֵּין (which Ezekiel often uses); also Proverbs 8:2 accusative To אֵשׁ (ἀνὰ μέσον) אֵשׁ אֵשׁ Hi Ew §217 g; and Job 8:17 according to אֵשׁ Ew Di 1 (Di 2 undecided).

בֵּין preposition between (Biblical Hebrew [ בֵּין,] בֵּין; אֵשׁ, בֵּין, בֵּינֵי Syriac ܒܪܝܬ, ܢܝܢ), Daniel 7:5; with suffix 3 plural masculine בֵּינֵיהוֹן Daniel 7:7 Kt (Qr 3 plural feminine בֵּינֵיהֶן).

Cognates:

• Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ
• Ethiopic ነጻት

¹ Baer: Reference to the Masoretic text edition by Seligman Baer.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0996:

No stats available

ובין וּבֵין

and between

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בין

bêyn

Definition

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Root

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly, the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from H995 (בין); a distinction; but used only as a preposition,

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H996

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 228

Aramaic form of the Hebrew verb meaning to understand or perceive.

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

See בּוּן Hif. II.

בִּין

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

As a noun, see בִּינָה.

בֵּין

preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Aramaic preposition, the same as the Hebrew equivalent: between.

בֵּין

preposition • Root בינת • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

Between; abridged from בַּיִנַת.

בַּיִן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Division, separation, and therefore concrete interval (space between two things); commonly used as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'.

הִלְבִּין

verb • Root לבן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 766

To show whiteness, to be white, of snow. Figuratively: to cleanse, to purify, to absolve from sin.

יָבִין

noun proper • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

intelligent; a proper name of Phenician kings of northern Palestine.

מֵבִין

masculine noun • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

Instructing (only in plural מְבִינִים in K'tib).

שְׁבִיבִין

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1373

the same (flame/spark).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Root , , בין , , • Page 94

1. to see, perceive, observe (Prov. 7:7, Dan. 10:1). 2. to see into, to understand (Is. 6:9, Dan. 12:8). 3. to know (Ps. 139:2). 4. to have understanding, to be wise or intelligent (Ps. 49:21). Also found in Niph. (intelligent, Gen. 41:33), Pil. (to observe, take care of, Deut. 32:10), and Hiph. (to explain, Dan. 8:16; to teach, instruct, Neh. 8:9; to make wise, Job 32:8; to perceive/attend, Dan. 8:5; to know, Job 28:23).

בֵּין

strictly a subst. / used as a prep. • Page 95

Intermediate space, interval, midst; hence dual בֵּינַיִם (1 Sam. 17:4, 23) a middle-man, umpire, champion. Used as a preposition meaning 'between' (Ex. 11:7, Gen. 26:28, Neh. 5:18, Prov. 26:13).

בֵּין

preposition • Page 95

Between, as in Hebrew.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H996

[ בֵּין ] substantive properly interval, space between (ܐܠܗܐ ܫܠܡ idem) — construct בֵּין once Isaiah 44:4 (Ba¹) בֵּן, בֵּינִי, בֵּינְךָ, בֵּינְךְ, בֵּינוֹ (בֵּינָיו Joshua 3:4; Joshua 8:11 Qr); with plural suffix in plural form בֵּינֵינוּ (בֵּנֵינוּ), etc.; also בֵּינוֹת Ezekiel 10:2 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7 (twice in verse) (+ Ezekiel 1:13 אֵשׁ Hi Ew etc. for דְּמוּת), בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ Genesis 26:28; Joshua 22:34; Judges 11:10, בֵּינוֹתָם Genesis 42:23; 2 Samuel 21:7; Jeremiah 25:16; dual בֵּנַיִם (see below); — 1 always (except dual) as preposition in the interval of, between (so Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי, ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ; ነጻት), as Genesis 15:17 בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים between the pieces, Exodus 13:9 and elsewhere בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ between thy eyes (see עַיִן), Isaiah 22:11 and elsewhere between the two walls (see חוֹמָה), Job 24:11; Job 30:7; Job 40:30 part him between merchants; rather more generally among Hosea 13:15; Canticles 2:2,3; Ezekiel 19:2; Ezekiel 31:3; Job 34:37; less exactly within Proverbs 26:13 a lion is בֵּין הָרְחֹבוֹת within the board places (compare Proverbs 23:13 בְּתוֹךְ): once with a singular (unusual) Daniel 8:16 בֵּין אֻלַי between the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done a. most commonly by repeating בֵּין, as Genesis 13:3 בֵּין בֵּית־אֵל וּבֵין הָעַי literally in the interval of Bethel, and in the interval of Ai, i.e. between Bethel and Ai, Genesis 16:14; Genesis 17:7; Genesis 31:50,51 b. more rarely by בֵּין — לְ, Genesis 1:6 dividing בֵּין מַיִם לָמַיִם literally in the interval of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:33; Deuteronomy 17:8 (3 times in verse); 2 Samuel 19:36; 1 Kings 3:9; Ezekiel 41:18; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 4:11; Malachi 3:18 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 14:10. c. by בֵּין — וְלְ Joel 2:17. d. by בֵּין — לְבֵין Isaiah 59:2. בֵּין is used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing (figurative) Genesis 1:14; Leviticus 10:10, and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be involved, as Genesis 16:5; 2 Samuel 19:36 הָאֵדַע בֵּין טוֹב לְרָע can I discern between good and evil? 1 Kings 3:9; Jonah 4:11; Genesis 31:49 (watch between), Judges 11:10 (hear), Joshua 22:27 (witness), Isaiah 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, Isaiah 5:3; Leviticus 27:33; Ezekiel 44:23; Malachi 3:18; 2 Chronicles 14:10 (see RV); and in other metaphoric applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Genesis 9:12,15; Exodus 31:13 +; or an oath Genesis 26:28; 2 Samuel 21:7; enmity or strife Genesis 3:15; Genesis 13:7; Deuteronomy 25:1; Proverbs 6:19; peace 1 Kings 5:26; good-will Proverbs 14:9. — It is used of time in the phrase of P בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם (see below עֶרֶב), & Nehemiah 5:18 בֵּין עֶשְׂרֵת יָמִים during the interval of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).

With other prepositions: — a. אֵל־בֵּין, after a verb implying motion, in between, in among Ezekiel 31:10,14. So אֵל־בֵּינוֹת לְ ib. Ezekiel 10:2. b. בְּבֵין Isaiah 44:4 in the midst of, amongst (אֵשׁ Ew Di Che כְּבֵין מַיִם חָצִיר). c. עַל־בֵּין nearly as אֵל־בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 d. מִבֵּין from between: Genesis 49:10 nor the ruler's staff מִבֵּין רַגְלָיו from between his feet (where, as the king sits in state, he holds it), Exodus 25:22 from between the cherubim (so Numbers 7:89), Hosea 2:4; Zechariah 6:1; Zechariah 9:7; Deuteronomy 28:57 the after-birth הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ that cometh forth from between her feet, i.e. from her womb (compare Il. 19. 10 πὸσὶν μεταξὺ γυναικός). Repeated 2 Kings 16:14 to specify the two objects from between which a thing is moved. Ezekiel 47:18 is difficult and uncertain: see Commentaries. Less precisely from, the midst of: Numbers 17:2 מִבֵּין הַשְּׂרֵפָה out of the midst of the burning, Psalm 104:12 מִבֵּין עֲפָאִים from amongst the branches they utter their song, Jeremiah 48:45 and a flame מִבֵּין סִיחוֹן from the midst of Sihon (Sihon representing his people: but expression is singular; read perhaps מִבֵּית ס, compare Numbers 21:28 מִקִּרְיַת ס: "" in both passages מֵחֶשְׁבּוֹן), Ezekiel 37:21. e. מִבֵּינוֹת לְ from between Ezekiel 10:2,6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7.

2 Dual בֵּנַיִם space between two armies (= Greek μεταίχμιον), 1 Samuel 17:4,23 אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם man of the μεταίχμιον, i.e. champion (of Goliath).

בֵּית feminine of בֵּין, בֵּין (Nö M 194 f.; Syriac ܐܠܗܐ often, PS 470) preposition between Ezekiel 41:9 b (to be joined with Ezekiel 41:10; see RVm), unless indeed a mere error for בֵּין (which Ezekiel often uses); also Proverbs 8:2 accusative To אֵשׁ (ἀνὰ μέσον) אֵשׁ אֵשׁ Hi Ew §217 g; and Job 8:17 according to אֵשׁ Ew Di 1 (Di 2 undecided).

בֵּין preposition between (Biblical Hebrew [ בֵּין,] בֵּין; אֵשׁ, בֵּין, בֵּינֵי Syriac ܒܪܝܬ, ܢܝܢ), Daniel 7:5; with suffix 3 plural masculine בֵּינֵיהוֹן Daniel 7:7 Kt (Qr 3 plural feminine בֵּינֵיהֶן).

Cognates:

• Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ
• Ethiopic ነጻት

¹ Baer: Reference to the Masoretic text edition by Seligman Baer.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0996:

No stats available

הארץ הָאָרֶץ׃

the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

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RBT Translation:

I have given אֶת-my bow³⁴⁰ in the Covering-Cloud, and she has become for a sign of a cut-out-one between me and between the Earth.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between me and between the earth.

LITV Translation:
I have set My bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of a covenant between Me and the earth.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
I set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of covenant between me and the earth.

Footnotes

340

Genesis 9:13

The Bow

Strong’s #7198, qesheth. A bow. The root is qush #6983 to bait or lure as a trap was set by bending something into a bow shape. It appears there are two prophecies and thus two bows and two Clouds spoken of here. Elohim’s Bow, and the Bow seen in the cloud he beclounds/enclouds. The word means an archer’s bow. It is used to mean rainbow in this passage, and it was always thought that both instances in verse 13 and 14 spoke of a rainbow, but they do not. The first speaks of the promise between elohim and the Earth and his bow. The second speaks of the promise between elohim, Rest’s sons, and the Flesh and Blood and the bow that is not his. As we learn from Ezekiel 1 and 8 the lower half/loins of the Body become enshrouded by the Rainbow.

“The [Rain]Bow” vs. “His Bow”

For behold, Wicked-ones are marching the [rain]bow, they are setting-upright their piercer upon a remnant to shoot in darkness, to the level-ones of the heart, for the Foundations are being torn down; the just-one, what has he made? Psalm 11:2 literal

If a man is not turning back, he is whetting his sword; He has bent his bow and is making her ready. Psalm 7:12 literal

And his bow is abiding in strength, And the arms of his hands have been strengthened by the hands of the Mighty One of Heel… Gen. 49:24 literal

He has marched his bow as an enemy, his right hand standing himself like a distressor, and is killing the whole of the desires of the eye [Gen. 2:9, 3:6], in the tent of the built-one of Zion he has poured out his wrath like the Fire. Lamentation 2:4 literal

From the voice of a horseman and a shooting bow flee the whole of the City; they have gone in into the Dark Cloud and into the Rocks have ascended the whole of the forsaken City, and there is not sitting in them a man.” Jeremiah 4:29 literal