Genesis 49:33

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויכל וַיְכַל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כלה

kâlâh

Definition

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume); accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine, destroy (utterly), be (when... were) done, (be an) end (of), expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, [idiom] fully, [idiom] have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3615

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to long for

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Page 316

1. To be completed, finished (Ex. 39:32, 1 K. 6:38). 2. To be over, past (Gen. 41:53, Is. 24:13). 3. To be prepared or ready, particularly regarding evil (Prov. 22:8, 1 Sam. 20:7). 4. To be consumed, to be all gone (Gen. 21:15, 1 K. 17:16). 5. To waste away, vanish, or disappear; spoken of clouds, smoke, or time (Job 7:9, Ps. 37:20, Ps. 31:11).

כָּלָה

verb • Page 317

6. to be destroyed, to perish, spoken of men (Jer. 16: 4, Ezek. 5: 13). 7. to be fulfilled, spoken of a prophecy (Ezra 1: 1, Dan. 12: 7).

כָּלָה

fem. adj. • Root כלה • Page 317

verbal from כָּלָה; languishing, failing, spoken of the eye (Deut. 28: 32).

כָּלָה

f. verbal • Root כלה • Page 317

1. destruction; עָשָׂה כָלָה to cause or make utter destruction (Jer. 4: 27, 5: 10, Nah. 1: 8). 2. as an adv. entirely, wholly, altogether (Gen. 18: 21, Ex. 11: 1).

כִּלָּה

pi. • Root כלה • Page 317

1. to complete, finish (Gen. 2: 2, 6: 16, Ex. 34: 33). 2. to prepare; i. e. devises, mischief (Prov. 16: 30). 3. to consume, let pass away, as time (Ps. 78: 33). 4. to consume, destroy; as men, nations, through hunger (Gen. 41: 30, Jer. 14: 12). 5. to fulfil (a prophecy).

כֻּלָּה

pu. • Root כלה • Page 317

to be finished, ended (Gen. 2: 1, Ps. 72: 20). Often occurs as כֻּלָּא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3615

I. כָּלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 206) verb — be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כלה
• Assyrian kalû
• Late Aramaic כְּלָא

Qal

— כָּלָה absolute 1 Kings 6:38 +; 3 feminine singular כָּֽלְתָה 1 Samuel 20:7 +; 1 singular כָּלִיתִי Psalm 39:11; 3 plural כָּלוּ Job 19:27 +; 2 masculine plural כְּלִיתֶם Malachi 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consecutive Ezekiel 13:14; 1 plural כָּלִינוּ Psalm 90:7 +; 3 masculine singular יִכְלֶה Proverbs 22:8; jussive יִ֫כֶל Job 33:21 (compare GKC¹); infinitive construct כְּלוֹת Ruth 2:23 +.

1. Completion and Fulfillment
   • a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Genesis 41:53 (Elohist Source; opposed to (+ חלל) begin Genesis 41:54), Jeremiah 8:20; so of action or event Isaiah 10:25, Isaiah 24:13, Ruth 2:23.
   • b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 Kings 6:38, 1 Chronicles 28:20; tabernacle Exodus 39:32 (Priests' Code).
   • c. be accomplished, fulfilled, of purposed wrath or prediction Ezekiel 5:13, Daniel 11:36, Ezra 1:1.
   • d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted 1 Samuel 20:7, 20:9, 20:33 (textual correction), 1 Samuel 25:17, Esther 7:7.
2. Exhaustion and Destruction
   • a. be spent, used up, of water Genesis 21:15 (Elohist Source), meal 1 Kings 17:14.
   • b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, of grass Isaiah 15:6; of vintage Isaiah 32:10; of vanishing cloud Job 7:9; figurative of fleeting days Job 7:6, Psalm 102:4; of flesh and heart Psalm 73:26, נפשׁ exhausted by longing Psalm 84:3, Psalm 119:81.
   • c. come to an end, vanish, perish, by judgment Isaiah 1:28, Isaiah 16:4, Jeremiah 16:4, Ezekiel 5:12, Malachi 3:6.

Pi`el

— כִּלָּה Genesis 18:33 +; suffix כִּלָּנוּ 2 Samuel 21:5; 1 singular כִּלִּיתִי Numbers 25:11; 3 plural כִּלּוּ Genesis 24:19 +; וַיְכַל Genesis 2:2; infinitive construct כַּלּוֹת 1 Samuel 2:33 +.

1. To Finish or Complete
   • a. complete, bring to an end, finish a task Exodus 5:13 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 6:9, Genesis 2:2, Exodus 40:33 (Priests' Code).
   • b. complete a period of time Ezekiel 4:6, Job 21:13.
   • c. finish doing a thing, usually followed by (+ ל) infinitive Genesis 18:33, Genesis 24:15 (Jehovist Source), Amos 7:2, 1 Kings 1:41.
   • d. make an end, absolute Genesis 44:12; adverbially (+ עַד־כַּלֵּה) utterly 2 Kings 13:17, Ezra 9:14.
   • e. accomplish, fulfil, wrath Lamentations 4:11, Ezekiel 5:13.
2. To Consume or Destroy
   • a. cause to cease Numbers 17:25, Psalm 78:33.
   • b. exhaust, use up, spend Deuteronomy 32:23, Isaiah 49:4; of the eyes 1 Samuel 2:33, Leviticus 26:16 (Holiness Code).
   • c. destroy, exterminate 2 Samuel 21:5, Deuteronomy 7:22, Joshua 24:20 (Elohist Source), Exodus 32:10 (JE Source), Ezekiel 22:31.

Pu`al

— 3 plural כָּלּוּ Psalm 72:20 be finished, ended; 3 masculine singular וַיְכֻלּוּ Genesis 2:1 be completed (Priests' Code).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Jacob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Ba ZMG).

conjunctive, Verb Piel sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: συνετέλεσεν ὡσ συντελέσαι ἐξέλιπον συντελέσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H3615:

συνετέλεσεν 28× (11.2%)

ὡσ 15× (6.4%)

συντελέσαι 11× (4.1%)

ἐξέλιπον 11× (4.9%)

συντελέσω 6× (2.5%)

ἐξαναλῶσαι 6× (2.4%)

συνετέλεσαν 5× (1.9%)

συνετελέσθη 5× (2.0%)

ἐξέλιπεν 5× (2.3%)

συντελείασ 5× (2.3%)

יעקב יַעֲקֹב

Heel-Chaser

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יעקב

Yaʻăqôb

Definition

Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch

Root

from H6117 (עקב); heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter);

Exhaustive

from עקב; heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter); Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch; Jacob.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3290

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun proper masculine • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 627

Heel-holder, cunning one, deceiver; or more correctly, successor, one born after. A proper name for the Jewish patriarch (Jacob), and by extension for the Jewish people, and the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

יַעֲקֹב

proper name • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 1124

The proper name Jacob.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun masculine • Page 291

holding the heel, supplanting; proper name of the second son of Isaac and progenitor of the Israelites. Gen. 25: 26; 27: 36; Hos. 12: 4. Spoken of the Israelitish people, the Israelites. Ps. 20: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3290

I. יַעֲקֹב, יַעֲקוֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 349) proper name, masculine and of a people — Jacob.

Cognates:

• Greek Ιακωβ
• Egyptian Y±kb'ara
• Assyrian Ya±‡ubilu
• Palmyrene בלעקב, עתעקב

— יַעֲקוֹב Jeremiah 30:18 (5 times); יַעֲקֹב Genesis 25:26 (215 times in Hexateuch, chiefly Yahwist and Elohist Sources¹; 180 times in Genesis, once Leviticus, etc.), 34 times in Psalms, 42 times in Isaiah (27 times chapters 40–66), etc.

Son of Isaac and Rebekah, father of tribes of Israel (explanation from עָקֵב heel Genesis 25:26; Hosea 12:4; i.e. supplanter; compare with עָקַב overreach Genesis 27:36; one closely following according to Lagarde²; connection with Palestinian city called in Egyptian Y±kb'ara is obscure³; compare Meyer⁴, Jensen⁵; see also Babylonian name Ya±‡ubilu, Pinches in Hommel⁶; hence OT יַעֲקֹב perhaps originally יעקבקל or the like).

1. As proper name, masculine

• Genesis 25:26 205 times (+ אַבְרָהָם, יִצְחָק 19 times)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב house of Jacob, of people (see בַּיִת 5d (γ))
• בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב sons of Jacob (see בֵּן 1j (β))
• זֶרַע יַעֲקֹב seed of Jacob (see זֶרַע 4f)
• עֵין יַעֲקֹב (see עַיִן)

2. As proper name, of a people

(c. 100 times; poetry and prophets):

• Numbers 24:5, 19
• Deuteronomy 32:9
• Psalm 44:5
• Isaiah 10:21
• Isaiah 17:4
• Jeremiah 10:25
• Jeremiah 30:7 +
• Parallel with יִשְׂרָאֵל Numbers 23:7; Deuteronomy 33:10; Isaiah 14:1; Psalm 14:7 + approx. 35 times

a. Specifically of Northern Israel

• Amos 7:2, 5
• Hosea 12:13 (+ Hosea 10:11; Hosea 12:3 probably)
• Micah 1:5 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 9:7

b. Of Judah

• Micah 3:1, 8
• Obadiah 10
• Isaiah 65:9
• Malachi 2:12 + al. post-exilic

c. In Divine Titles

• גְּאוֺן יַעֲקֹב (see גָּאוֺן)
• אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5
• אֱלוֺהַּ יַעֲקֹב Psalm 114:7
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1; Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2; 9 times in Psalms
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב Psalm 24:6 (for MT יַעֲקֹב alone), so LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and others
• קְדוֺשׁ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 29:23 ("" אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• מֶלֶךְ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 41:21 ("" יהוה)

¹ Yahwist (J) and Elohist (E) Sources.

² Paul de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 1889, p. 127.

³ On יַעֲקֹב see especially S. R. Driver in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (DB), ii. 526 ff.

⁴ Eduard Meyer, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) vi. 1 ff.

⁵ P. Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA) x (1895-6), 347 ff.

⁶ Fritz Hommel, Ancient Hebrew Tradition (AHT), pp. 61, 96, 112.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιακωβ --- ισραηλ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3290:

ιακωβ 333× (96.1%)

--- 4× (1.2%)

ισραηλ 4× (1.1%)

'' 4× (1.0%)

לצות לְצַוֹּת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צוה

tsâvâh

Definition

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute, enjoin; appoint, (for-) bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put, (set) in order.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6680

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָוָה

verb • Root צוה • Strongs / High • Page 1220

I. (Kal not used) trans. prop. to establish, to erect, to set up, proceeding from the fundamental signification to join firmly together, to put closely together (into one) to close or wind together. Meanings: 1. (not used) to erect, set up, a monument of stone, cippus. 2. (not used) to settle, to appoint, to constitute, to give definite directions, to arrange; hence to point out, for performance, to settle, a statute.

צָוָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1221

III. (Not used) to see צִוָא III.

צָוָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1221

IV. (Not used) intransitive: same as אָפַס (which see).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָוָה

verb • Page 565

1. To command any one (Gen. 26:11); 2. to commission, depute, send (Jer. 14:14; 23:32); 3. to appoint a person over any thing (Neh. 7:2); 4. to appoint, ordain (Ps. 68:29); 5. to put one's house in order (2 Sam. 17:23; 2 K. 20:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6680

I. צָוָה (approximate number of occurrences: 485) verb Pi`el — lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order.

Cognates:

• Arabic وصى (combine, II. enjoin, IV. charge)¹
• Syriac ܨܘܐ (heap up stones)³

— צִוָּה Perfect 3 masculine singular Genesis 6:22 +; suffix צִוַּנִי Deuteronomy 4:5 +; צִוְּךָ Deuteronomy 4:23 +; צִוָּהוּ Genesis 7:5 +, etc.; 1 singular צִוִּיתִי Exodus 29:35 (29 times), צִוֵּיתִי Leviticus 8:31 (4 times), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְצַוֶּה Genesis 18:19 (8 times); יְצַו Deuteronomy 28:8; וַיְצַו Genesis 2:16 +; suffix וִיצַוְּךָ 1 Chronicles 22:12, etc.; 1 singular וָאֲצִוֶּה Ezra 8:17 Qr (> Kt ואוצאה); 3 masculine plural וַיְצַזּוּ Genesis 50:16 +, etc.; Infinitive construct צַוֹּת 2 Samuel 18:5 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular צַוֵּה Joshua 4:16 + 2 times; צַו Leviticus 6:2 (9 times); masculine plural צַוּוּ Joshua 1:11, Joshua 4:3; Participle מְצַוֶּה Numbers 32:23 +; construct מְצַוֵּה Isaiah 55:4, etc.; feminine מְצַוָּה Genesis 27:8.

1. Laying charge and appointing

a. Lay charge upon

• With עַל person: Genesis 2:16 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 28:6 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 2:43, 1 Kings 11:11, Amos 2:12, Jeremiah 35:6 + 6 times.
• With עַל of thing: Isaiah 5:6, Job 36:32, 2 Chronicles 7:13.

b. Give charge to, command to

• With לְ person: Exodus 1:22 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 20:29, 1 Chronicles 22:17, Isaiah 13:3, Jeremiah 32:23, Psalm 105:8.
• Of the Law: Deuteronomy 33:4, Nehemiah 9:14.
• To household: צַו לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ 2 Kings 20:1 (verbal will) = Isaiah 38:1.

c. Give charge unto

• With אֶל person: Exodus 16:34 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 11:10; 2 Samuel 17:23.

d. Give charge over, appoint

• With accusative of person + עַל of thing: Nehemiah 7:2, 1 Chronicles 22:12, 2 Samuel 6:21, 1 Kings 1:35.
• As ruler: 1 Samuel 13:14, 1 Samuel 25:30.
• As judges: 2 Samuel 7:11 = 1 Chronicles 17:10.
• Install in office: Numbers 27:19, 23 (Priests' Code).

e. Give charge or command (often concerning עַל)

• Genesis 12:20 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 8:22 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 14:8, 2 Samuel 18:5, Jeremiah 7:22, Jeremiah 39:11, Isaiah 45:12, Isaiah 10:6, Nahum 1:14.
• With לְ: Numbers 9:8, Numbers 32:38 (Priests' Code), Psalm 91:11, Lamentations 1:17, Esther 3:2.
• With אֶל: Isaiah 23:11, Jeremiah 47:7.

2. Construction with objects

a. With accusative of person + thing (especially of the law)

• Exodus 34:11 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 4:40, Deuteronomy 6:2, 15:15; Deuteronomy 4:2.
• Deuteronomy 13:6, Exodus 32:8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 5:30, Deuteronomy 9:12, 16, 11:28, 31:29.

b. With object clause (Infinitive or ו consecutive)

• Genesis 50:2, Genesis 18:19 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 35:2 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 4:12, 1 Kings 2:46.
• Exodus 27:20 (Priests' Code), Joshua 4:16, 1:9, 1 Samuel 18:22.

c. Accusative of person (thing omitted)

• Exodus 18:23 (Elohist Source), Genesis 49:33 (Priests' Code).
• With לֵאמֹר: Genesis 26:11, 32:15, 20, Leviticus 6:2, Genesis 28:1, 49:29.

d. Accusative of thing (person omitted)

• Psalm 111:9, Exodus 16:16, 32, Exodus 35:4, Leviticus 8:5, Leviticus 9:6, 17:2, Numbers 30:2, 36:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leviticus 8:34, 13:54 (Priests' Code), Genesis 42:25 (Elohist Source), 1 Kings 5:20, Judges 4:6.

e. Absolute

• Genesis 50:16 (Elohist Source), Lamentations 3:37.

3. Phrases of Command

a. In the phrase "as he commanded"

• כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה: Exodus 23:15 (Elohist Source), Genesis 7:9 (Priests' Code), Genesis 7:5 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 29:35 (Priests' Code).
• Of Moses: Exodus 12:28, 50, 39:1, 5, 32, 42 + 5 times (Priests' Code).
• Joshua 1:18, 22:2, Jeremiah 35:8.
• Person omitted: Exodus 7:10, Numbers 32:25 (Priests' Code), 2 Kings 11:9, Exodus 36:1 (Priests' Code).

4. Charge as Commission

a. With accusative of person + אֶל person

• Exodus 6:13, 25:22, Leviticus 27:34 (Priests' Code), Deuteronomy 1:3, Jeremiah 27:4, Esther 4:10.
• Person omitted: Genesis 50:16 (Elohist Source), Esther 3:12, 8:9.

b. Through an agent

• With בְּיַד: Numbers 15:23, 36:13, Leviticus 8:36 (Priests' Code), Ezra 9:11, Nehemiah 8:14.

c. Accusative of person + עַל (for אֶל)

• Ezra 8:17, 1 Chronicles 22:13, Malachi 3:22, Esther 4:5.

d. To command things (e.g., blessings)

• Leviticus 25:21 (Priests' Code), Deuteronomy 28:8, Psalm 133:3.
• Psalm 42:9, Job 38:12, Amos 9:3, 4.

5. Divine acts and ordination

a. In creation, providence, and redemption

• In creation: Isaiah 45:12, Psalm 33:9, Psalm 148:5.
• In providence: 2 Samuel 17:4, Amos 6:11, 9:9, Job 37:12, Psalm 78:23, Isaiah 34:16.
• In redemption: Psalm 7:7, 44:5, 68:29, 71:3.
• Of an idol: Isaiah 48:5 (parallel עשׂה).

Pu`al

צֻוָּה Perfect 3 masculine singular Numbers 3:16, Numbers 36:2; 2 masculine singular צֻוֵּיתָה Genesis 45:19, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְצֻוֶּה Exodus 34:34 — be commanded (receive command).

• Subject person: Genesis 45:19 (Elohist Source).
• With בְּ (by whom): Numbers 36:2 (Priests' Code).
• General usage: Exodus 34:34 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 8:35, 10:13 (Priests' Code), Numbers 3:16 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 12:7, 24:18, 37:7.

¹ Barth, ZMG xii (1887), 641.

² Gerber, Die hebräischen Verba denominativa, 124.

³ Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae (Thes).

⁴ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁶ Elohist Source.

Preposition, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐνετείλατο συνέταξεν ἐνετειλάμην ἐντέλλομαί ἐνετείλατό

LXX Usage Statistics

H6680:

ἐνετείλατο 172× (33.2%)

συνέταξεν 76× (15.2%)

ἐνετειλάμην 39× (7.6%)

ἐντέλλομαί 26× (5.2%)

ἐνετείλατό 25× (5.0%)

ἐντέλλομαι 17× (3.0%)

αὐτοῖσ 13× (2.1%)

ἔντειλαι 12× (2.4%)

ἐνετείλω 12× (2.4%)

προσέταξεν 7× (1.3%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

בניו בָּנָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

ויאסף וַיֶּאֱסֹף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אסף

ʼâçaph

Definition

to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.); assemble, bring, consume, destroy, felch, gather (in, together, up again), [idiom] generally, get (him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from leprosy), (be) rereward, [idiom] surely, take (away, into, up), [idiom] utterly, withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H622

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 167

to snatch together, to scrape together, to take or draw together; to gather, collect (grain, fruit, men, etc.).

אָסַף

verb • Root אסף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 168

To gather in the sense of drawing together, to draw in, withdraw; to take away, to destroy; to be gathered to one's fathers (to die); to hold together, to close.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Page 63

1. to gather, collect, assemble (Ex. 23:10, Num. 21:16, 2 K. 22:4, Gen. 42:17, etc.); 2. to take to one's self, to receive (Deut. 22:2, Jos. 20:4, 2 Sam. 12:28, etc.); 3. to withdraw, draw back, take back (Gen. 49:33, 1 Sam. 14:20, Ps. 104:29, etc.); 4. to take out of the way, to kill, destroy (1 Sam. 15:6, Ezek. 34:29); 5. to bring up the rear (Is. 58:8); 6. Niph. pass. and reflex. (Gen. 25:8, Num. 20:26, etc.); Pi. to gather, receive (Judg. 19:18), to bring up the rear (Num. 10:25, etc.); Pu. pass. (Is. 24:22); Hithpa. reflex. (Deut. 33:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H622

I. אָסַף (approximate number of occurrences: 200) verb — gather, remove (Assyrian asâpu, Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena¹).

Cognates:

• Assyrian asâpu

Qal

Perfect אָסַף Genesis 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ Psalm 85:4, etc.; Imperfect יֶאֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:3; יַאֲסֹפְנִי Psalm 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֵף 2 Samuel 6:1; 2 masculine singular תֹּסֵף Psalm 104:29; 1 singular אֹסְפָה Micah 4:6; so probably (suffix) אִּסְפְּךָ 1 Samuel 15:6 (read אֹסִפְּךָ) see Eduard König² i. 382, Samuel Rolles Driver, Samuel Rolles Driver; Imperative אֱסֹף Numbers 21:16 + אֵסְפָה Numbers 11:16; 2 feminine singular אִסְמִּי Jeremiah 10:17; אִסְפוּ Psalm 50:5 +; Infinitive absolute אָסֹף Jeremiah 8:13 + (Hiphil, from סוּף according to J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73); construct אֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:7 +; אָסְמְּךָ Exodus 23:16; אָסְמְּכֶם Leviticus 23:39; Participle active אֹסֵף Numbers 19:10; אֹסִפְּךָ 2 Kings 22:20; 2 Chronicles 34:28 (pointed אִּסְפְּךָ i.e. Hiphil; compare Eduard König l.c.); אֹסְפָם Psalm 39:7; passive plural construct אֲסֻפֵי Ezekiel 34:29.

1. gather, collect
   • (a) persons Genesis 29:22; Genesis 42:17 (followed by אֵל) Exodus 3:16; Exodus 4:29; Numbers 11:16, 24; Numbers 21:16; Joshua 2:18 (followed by אֵל + הָ locative) Joshua 24:1 (followed by הָ locative; all these Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 5:8, 11; 2 Kings 23:1 (followed by אֵל) Joshua 2:16; Isaiah 11:12; Zephaniah 3:8; Habakkuk 2:5; Ezekiel 11:17 (all parallel to קָבַץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Numbers 21:23 (Elohist Source) Judges 11:20; 1 Samuel 17:1; 2 Samuel 10:17; 2 Samuel 12:29 +; compare Zechariah 14:2 (followed by עַל against);
   • (b) once object beasts Jeremiah 12:9;
   • (c) things, especially fruits of earth Exodus 23:10, 16 (Covenant Code) Leviticus 25:3, 20, 39 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Deuteronomy 11:14; Deuteronomy 16:13; Deuteronomy 28:38; Isaiah 17:5; Jeremiah 40:10, 12; Job 39:12; Psalm 39:7; compare Ruth 2:7 (parallel to לָקַט glean); the quails Numbers 11:32 (twice in verse); food in general (מַאֲכָל) Genesis 6:21 (followed by אֵל); eggs Isaiah 10:14; money 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 24:11; ashes of red heifer Numbers 19:9, 10; chariots 1 Kings 10:26; 2 Chronicles 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בִּמְכַמְּרֹתָּו, in metaphor) Habakkuk 1:15; of collecting wind Proverbs 30:4 מִי רוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיו אָסַף.
2. gather an individual into company of others
   • (a) object person especially gather to one's father 2 Kings 22:20 (עַל אֲבֹתֶיךָ) = 2 Chronicles 34:28 (אֵל; both parallel to Niph`al of same verb q.v.); hence also
   • (b) bring, object person 1 Samuel 14:52 (on form here see Samuel Rolles Driver) 2 Samuel 11:27 (both followed by אֵל), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Deuteronomy 22:2 (followed by אֶל תָּוְכָּו); hence also
   • (c) take up, care for, subject יָה Psalm 27:10 (compare perhaps Isaiah 40:11 קָבַץ);
   • (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֵל) Genesis 49:33.
3. bring up the rear of Isaiah 58:8 יַאֲסֹפֵּךָ כִּבְוֹד יָהּ i.e. be thy rear-guard (parallel to הָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶּךָ) — Isaiah 52:12 has Pi`el מְאַסִּפְּכֶם q.v.
4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1 Samuel 14:19 (object hand), Jeremiah 10:17 (bundle, followed by מִן), leprosy 2 Kings 5:11 (see צָרַע); compare also מִצָּרַעַת אָסַף, remove (set free) a man from leprosy 2 Kings 5:3; 2 Kings 5:6; 2 Kings 5:7; Genesis 30:23; Isaiah 4:1 (reproach), Psalm 85:4 (wrath, parallel to הֵשִׁיב), Jeremiah 16:5 (peace, followed by מִן), Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 (light), Psalm 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Judges 18:25; Psalm 104:29 (רוּחַ) see also Job 34:14 (followed by אֵל); hence destroy 1 Samuel 15:6 object person); passive אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ezekiel 34:29; also Infinitive absolute Jeremiah 8:13; Zephaniah 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיר from סוּף, see Eduard König² i. 445; considered Hiphil Infinitive absolute by J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73 see above).

Niph`al

Perfect נֶאֱסַף Numbers 27:13 + נֶאֱסָפָה Jeremiah 48:33 etc.; Imperfect יֵאָסֵף Exodus 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָסֵף Genesis 25:8 +; יֵאָסְפוּן Psalm 104:22 etc.; Imperative הֵאָסֵף Deuteronomy 32:50; הֵאָסְפִי Jeremiah 47:6; הֵאָסְפוּ Genesis 49:1 +; Infinitive absolute הֵאָסֹף 2 Samuel 17:11 (on form compare J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 74); construct הֵאָסֵף Genesis 29:7; Numbers 12:15; Participle נֶאֱסָף Genesis 49:29; נֶאֱסָפִים 1 Samuel 13:11; Isaiah 13:14; נֶאֱסָפִים Isaiah 57:1.

1. assemble, be gathered, reflexive
   • (a) subject men Genesis 49:1 (parallel to קָבַץ Genesis 49:2), Isaiah 43:9 (parallel to קָבַץ), 2 Chronicles 30:3 (followed by לְ) 2 Chronicles 30:13 (followed by accusative of location), Ezra 3:1; Ezra 9:4; Nehemiah 8:1, 13 (all followed by אֵל) Nehemiah 9:1; Nehemiah 12:28; earlier mostly of assembling for war Genesis 34:30 (followed by עַל), Joshua 10:5; Judges 6:33; Judges 9:6; Judges 10:17 parallel to נִצְעַק), Judges 20:11 (followed by אֵל) Judges 20:14 (followed by הָ locative), 1 Samuel 13:11 (followed by accusative of location) +;
   • (b) subject flocks, etc. Genesis 29:3 (passive; followed by שָׁמָּה) Genesis 29:7; Genesis 29:8 (all Jehovist Source); fish Numbers 11:22 (compare Habakkuk 1:15 Qal);
   • (c) inanimate subject herbs Proverbs 27:25; water 2 Samuel 14:14 (in simile); bones for burial Jeremiah 8:2; compare Jeremiah 25:33 (bodies of slain) see also Ezekiel 29:5 (parallel to קָבַץ which Carl Heinrich Cornill reads קָבַר), apparently = compose, arrange for burial. So יֵאָסֵף Job 27:19; but read probably יֹאסֵף = יֻּסַף (Exodus 5:7), Heinrich Ewald, Franz Delitzsch, August Dillmann, Wilhelm Gesenius, Eduard König.
2. passive of Qal 2
   • (a) be gathered to one's fathers אֵל אֲבֹתָיו נֶאֱסַף Judges 2:10; elsewhere to one's people אֵל עַמָּיו (all Priests' Code / Narrative) Genesis 25:8, 17; Genesis 35:29 (parallel to וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) Genesis 49:29, 33 (parallel to גָּוַע), Numbers 20:24, 26 (parallel to מָוֶת) Numbers 27:13 (twice in verse); Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (twice in verse) (both parallel to מָוֶת); also אֵל קִבְרֹתֶיךָ 2 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 34:28 both parallel to Qal q.v.); hence also
   • (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Numbers 12:14, 15 (Elohist Source) of Miriam, after leprosy; also reflexive betake oneself, of Moses Numbers 11:30 (Elohist Source), compare 2 Samuel 17:13 (both followed by אֵל); even with inanimate subject Jeremiah 47:6 הֵאָסְפִי אֵל תַּעְרִיךְ (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (followed by הָ locative) for protection Exodus 9:19.
3. passive of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Isaiah 57:1 (twice in verse) (parallel to אָבַד); fish Hosea 4:3; gladness Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 48:33 (followed by מִן); also reflexive, withdraw itself, of moon Isaiah 60:20 (parallel to בֹּוא שֶׁמֶשׁ).

Pi`el

Participle מְאַסֵּף Numbers 10:25 +; מְאַסְּפָיו Isaiah 62:9 (so Brown, Driver, Briggs see Eduard König² i. 201); מְאַסִּפְּכֶם Isaiah 52:12.

1. gather harvest Isaiah 62:9 (parallel to קָבַץ); bodies for burial Jeremiah 9:21.
2. take in, receive into (followed by בַּיִּתָּה) Judges 19:15, 18.
3. as substantive rearguard, rearward Numbers 10:25 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Joshua 6:9, 13 (both Elohist Source); figurative of God Isaiah 52:12.

Pu`al

Perfect וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Isaiah 33:4; Zechariah 14:14 etc.; Participle מְאֻסָּף Ezekiel 38:12 — be gathered, of men Isaiah 24:22; Hosea 10:10 (followed by עַל against), Ezekiel 38:12; booty Isaiah 33:4; wealth Zechariah 14:14.

Hithpa`el

Infinitive הִתְאַסֵּף Deuteronomy 33:5 gather themselves.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, Leipzig, 1886.

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Leipzig, 1881-1897.

³ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1889.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0622:

No stats available

רגליו רַגְלָיו

the feet of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רגל

regel

Definition

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

Root

from H7270 (רגל);

Exhaustive

from רגל; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda; [idiom] be able to endure, [idiom] according as, [idiom] after, [idiom] coming, [idiom] follow, (broken-)foot(-ed, -stool), [idiom] great toe, [idiom] haunt, [idiom] journey, leg, [phrase] piss, [phrase] possession, time.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7272

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶגֶל

noun • Root רגל • Strongs / High • Page 1319

common, the foot (dual רַגְלַיִם); sole of the foot (כַּף רֶגֶל); toe (אֶצְבַּע רֶגֶל); euphemistically urine; standing- or dwelling-place; metaphor. step, journey, march, tread, track, guidance; plur. רַגְלַיִם also means steps or times; modern Hebrew, pilgrimage to a festival.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֶגֶל

com. gen. noun • Page 607

1. the foot. Is. 1: 6. 3: 16. Also metonymically at the foot or in the track of any one. 2. metaphorically a step, pace. Gen. 33: 14. Plur. רְגָלִים times, Lat. vices, Lev. 11: 23, 42.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7272

I. רֶ֫גֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 247) noun feminine (on masculine suffix Song of Solomon 5:3) — foot.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic رِجْل
• Aramaic רַגְלָא
• Palmyrene רגלה
• Zinjirli לגרי
• Mandean ליגרא
• Ethiopic vehicle

— רֶ֫גֶל absolute Exodus 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל Exodus 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Numbers 22:25 +; suffix רַגְלִי Genesis 30:30 +; dual רַגְלַ֫יִם 1 Samuel 28:3 +, רַנְלָ֑יִם 2 Samuel 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Genesis 24:32 +; suffix רַגְלַי Numbers 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5 +; plural רְגָלִים Exodus 23:14 +.

1. Foot

a. Human foot

• Washing feet: Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2 (+ רחץ)
• In figure: Deuteronomy 32:35; 1 Samuel 2:9; Job 12:5
• רֶ֫גֶל נַּאֲוָה (foot of pride): Psalm 36:12
• כַּף רֶ֫גֶל (sole of foot): Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 11:24; Isaiah 1:6 (מִכַּף רֶ֫גֶל וְעַד רֹאשׁ)
• Parts of the foot: אֶצְבְּעוֹת רֶ֫גֶל (toes) 2 Samuel 21:20; בֹּהֶן רֶ֫גֶל (great toe) Judges 1:6; שָׁרְשֵׁי רֶ֫גֶל Job 13:27
• As leg: 1 Samuel 17:6 (note feminine)

b. Anthropomorphism of God

• Exodus 24:10; 2 Samuel 22:10; Nahum 1:3
• הֲדֹם רַגְלָיו (his footstool): Isaiah 66:1; Lamentations 2:1; 1 Chronicles 28:2; Psalm 99:5

c. Of celestial beings and idols

• Seraphim: Isaiah 6:2
• Cherubim: Ezekiel 1:7; 2 Chronicles 3:13
• Idols: Psalm 115:7

d. Of animals

• Dove: Genesis 8:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Fowl/Insects: Leviticus 11:21, 23, 42
• Calf: Ezekiel 1:7
• Beast: Ezekiel 29:11; Job 39:15

e. Of furniture

• Table: Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:13 (Priestly Code)

f. Phrases and Idioms

• לְרֶ֫גֶל (according to the pace of): Genesis 33:14
• At one's guidance: Deuteronomy 33:8
• בְּרֶ֫גֶל (on foot): Numbers 20:19; Judges 4:15
• Following/Obeying: אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלָיו Exodus 11:8; Judges 4:10; 1 Kings 20:10
• נָשָׂא רַגְלָיו (set out): Genesis 29:1 (Elohist Source)
• יָרִים אֶת־רַגְלוֹ (do anything): Genesis 41:44 (Elohist Source)
• Euphemism: מֵסִיךְ אֶת־רַגְלָיו (relieve oneself) Judges 3:24; 1 Samuel 24:3
• שַׂעַר הָרַגְלַיִם (hair of private parts): Isaiah 7:20

2. Plural meaning times

In the phrase שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים (three times):

• Exodus 23:14 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 22:28, 32–33 (Jehovist Source)

¹ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Synt. § 14).

² Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW xvi, 1896, 76).

³ Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb 368).

⁴ Dillmann, Lexicon linguae Aethiopicae (Di 347).

⁵ Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik (Nö M 102).

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πόδασ ποδῶν πόδεσ ποσὶν πόδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7272:

πόδασ 61× (22.3%)

ποδῶν 39× (14.5%)

πόδεσ 22× (7.9%)

ποσὶν 20× (6.9%)

πόδα 19× (6.8%)

ποὺσ 12× (4.7%)

ποδὸσ 8× (3.0%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (2.2%)

--- 6× (2.6%)

ποσίν 5× (1.8%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

המטה הָמִּטָּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מטה

miṭṭâh

Definition

a bed (as extended) forsleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier

Root

from H5186 (נטה);

Exhaustive

from נטה; a bed (as extended) forsleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier; bed(-chamber), bier.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4296

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Strongs / High • Page 841

That on which one leans or reclines, hence a bed, bolster, table-couch, sofa, litter, palanquin, bier, or a store-room.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Page 371

1. a bed (Gen. 47: 31). 2. a cushion to sit upon at meals (Est. 1: 6). 3. a portable bed, litter, sedan (Cant. 3: 7). 4. a bier (2 Sam. 3: 31).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4296

I. מִטָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 29) noun feminine — couch, bed (place of reclining; מטותם Ecclus 48:6).

— מִטָּה absolute Amos 3:12 (14 times); construct מִטַּת 2 Kings 4:21; suffix מִטָּתִי Psalm 6:7, מִטָּתֶ֑ךָ Exodus 7:28, מִטָּתוֺ 2 Samuel 4:7 (6 times); plural absolute מִטּוֺת 2 Kings 11:2, 2 Chronicles 22:11; construct Amos 6:4, Esther 1:6.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Couch, bed, common article of furniture

• 2 Kings 4:10
• 2 Kings 4:21
• 2 Kings 4:32
• 1 Kings 17:19

b. For repose, especially at night, or in illness

• Genesis 47:31 (Jehovist Source; + רֹאשׁ הַמּ׳)
• Genesis 48:2 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 49:33 (Priestly Code)
• Psalm 6:7
• Proverbs 26:14
• 2 Chronicles 24:25 (probably)

c. For sitting, or reclining by day

• 1 Samuel 28:23
• 1 Kings 21:4
• Amos 3:12 (מְּאַת מ׳)
• Songs 3:7 (seat of King Solomon)

d. Specific locations and portability

• In bed-chamber (חֲדַר מִשְׁכָּב): Exodus 7:28 (Jehovist Source), 2 Samuel 4:7
• Sometimes portable: 1 Samuel 19:15 (compare 1 Samuel 19:13, 16)
• Used as bier: 2 Samuel 3:31
• Chamber of beds (חֲדַר הַמִּטּוֺת): 2 Kings 11:2, 2 Chronicles 22:11 (see חֶדֶר)

e. Description and adornment

• High bed: 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16 (where עָלָה שָׁם is opposed to יָרַד מִן)
• Costly, with frames of ivory: Amos 6:4
• Made of gold and silver for reclining at feasts: Esther 1:6
• Glorious couch: Ezekiel 23:41 (מ׳ כְּבוּדָּה)

Compare also מִשְׁכָּב (שׁכב), עֶרֶשׂ.

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Priestly Code.

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: κλίνησ κλίνην κλινῶν κλίνη

LXX Usage Statistics

H4296:

κλίνησ 9× (31.4%)

κλίνην 8× (28.5%)

κλινῶν 4× (14.5%)

κλίνη 4× (13.9%)

ויגוע וַיִּגְוַע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גוע

gâvaʻ

Definition

to breathe out, i.e. (by implication) expire

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to breathe out, i.e. (by implication) expire; die, be dead, give up the ghost, perish.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּוַע

verb • Root גוע • Strongs / High • Page 314

To breathe out (the breath of life), to expire, to die, to perish. Figuratively, to vanish or suffer much.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּוַע

verb • Page 133

to breathe out one's life, to expire, die, i. q. מוּת (Gen. 6: 17, 7: 21, Num. 17: 27, 20: 3, Gen. 25: 8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1478

I. גָּוַע (approximate number of occurrences: 24) verb — expire, perish, die.

Cognates:

• Arabic جاع (be empty, hungry)

— גָּוַע Qal Perfect גָּוַע Numbers 20:29; Joshua 22:20; גָּוָ֑עוּ Lamentations 1:19; גָּוַעְנוּ Numbers 17:27; Numbers 20:3; Imperfect יִגְוַע Job 34:15, יִגְוָ֑ע Genesis 6:17, יִגְוְעוּ Job 36:12, יִגְוָע֑וּ Zechariah 13:8, יִגְוָע֑וּן Psalm 104:28 etc.; Infinitive construct גְּוַע Numbers 20:3, גְּוֺעַ Numbers 17:28; Participle גֹּוֵעַ Psalm 88:16.

1. Meanings and Uses

expire and die, occurring only in poetry and the Priests' Code.

a. In conjunction with synonyms or parallel terms

• with וַיָּמָת: Genesis 25:8, 17; Genesis 35:29 (all Priests' Code)
• parallel to מות: Job 3:11; Job 14:10; cf. Numbers 17:28 (Priests' Code)
• parallel to אבד: Numbers 17:27 (Priests' Code) we expire, we perish
• parallel to עָנִי: Psalm 88:15 (progressive parallelism) distressed and about to die
• parallel to יאסף אל אבותיו: Genesis 49:33
• parallel to על־עפר ישׁוב: Job 34:15; cf. Psalm 104:29
• parallel to יִכָּֽרְתוּ: Zechariah 13:8

b. Used absolutely

• In prose (Priests' Code): Numbers 20:3 (twice); Numbers 20:29; Joshua 22:20; Genesis 6:17; Genesis 7:21
• In poetry: Job 10:13; Job 13:19; Job 27:5; Job 36:12; Lamentations 1:19
• In full possession: Job 29:18 עִם־קִנִּי אֶגְוָע with my nest shall I die, i.e. in full possession of what is mine (cf. Dillmann¹)

¹ August Dillmann, Commentary on Job (1891).

² P: Priests' Code / Narrative.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐκλιπὼν τελευτήσει ἀπέθανεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1478:

ἐκλιπὼν 3× (11.6%)

τελευτήσει 2× (9.1%)

ἀπέθανεν 2× (8.4%)

ויאסף וַיֵּאָסֶף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אסף

ʼâçaph

Definition

to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.); assemble, bring, consume, destroy, felch, gather (in, together, up again), [idiom] generally, get (him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from leprosy), (be) rereward, [idiom] surely, take (away, into, up), [idiom] utterly, withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H622

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 167

to snatch together, to scrape together, to take or draw together; to gather, collect (grain, fruit, men, etc.).

אָסַף

verb • Root אסף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 168

To gather in the sense of drawing together, to draw in, withdraw; to take away, to destroy; to be gathered to one's fathers (to die); to hold together, to close.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Page 63

1. to gather, collect, assemble (Ex. 23:10, Num. 21:16, 2 K. 22:4, Gen. 42:17, etc.); 2. to take to one's self, to receive (Deut. 22:2, Jos. 20:4, 2 Sam. 12:28, etc.); 3. to withdraw, draw back, take back (Gen. 49:33, 1 Sam. 14:20, Ps. 104:29, etc.); 4. to take out of the way, to kill, destroy (1 Sam. 15:6, Ezek. 34:29); 5. to bring up the rear (Is. 58:8); 6. Niph. pass. and reflex. (Gen. 25:8, Num. 20:26, etc.); Pi. to gather, receive (Judg. 19:18), to bring up the rear (Num. 10:25, etc.); Pu. pass. (Is. 24:22); Hithpa. reflex. (Deut. 33:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H622

I. אָסַף (approximate number of occurrences: 200) verb — gather, remove (Assyrian asâpu, Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena¹).

Cognates:

• Assyrian asâpu

Qal

Perfect אָסַף Genesis 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ Psalm 85:4, etc.; Imperfect יֶאֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:3; יַאֲסֹפְנִי Psalm 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֵף 2 Samuel 6:1; 2 masculine singular תֹּסֵף Psalm 104:29; 1 singular אֹסְפָה Micah 4:6; so probably (suffix) אִּסְפְּךָ 1 Samuel 15:6 (read אֹסִפְּךָ) see Eduard König² i. 382, Samuel Rolles Driver, Samuel Rolles Driver; Imperative אֱסֹף Numbers 21:16 + אֵסְפָה Numbers 11:16; 2 feminine singular אִסְמִּי Jeremiah 10:17; אִסְפוּ Psalm 50:5 +; Infinitive absolute אָסֹף Jeremiah 8:13 + (Hiphil, from סוּף according to J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73); construct אֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:7 +; אָסְמְּךָ Exodus 23:16; אָסְמְּכֶם Leviticus 23:39; Participle active אֹסֵף Numbers 19:10; אֹסִפְּךָ 2 Kings 22:20; 2 Chronicles 34:28 (pointed אִּסְפְּךָ i.e. Hiphil; compare Eduard König l.c.); אֹסְפָם Psalm 39:7; passive plural construct אֲסֻפֵי Ezekiel 34:29.

1. gather, collect
   • (a) persons Genesis 29:22; Genesis 42:17 (followed by אֵל) Exodus 3:16; Exodus 4:29; Numbers 11:16, 24; Numbers 21:16; Joshua 2:18 (followed by אֵל + הָ locative) Joshua 24:1 (followed by הָ locative; all these Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 5:8, 11; 2 Kings 23:1 (followed by אֵל) Joshua 2:16; Isaiah 11:12; Zephaniah 3:8; Habakkuk 2:5; Ezekiel 11:17 (all parallel to קָבַץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Numbers 21:23 (Elohist Source) Judges 11:20; 1 Samuel 17:1; 2 Samuel 10:17; 2 Samuel 12:29 +; compare Zechariah 14:2 (followed by עַל against);
   • (b) once object beasts Jeremiah 12:9;
   • (c) things, especially fruits of earth Exodus 23:10, 16 (Covenant Code) Leviticus 25:3, 20, 39 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Deuteronomy 11:14; Deuteronomy 16:13; Deuteronomy 28:38; Isaiah 17:5; Jeremiah 40:10, 12; Job 39:12; Psalm 39:7; compare Ruth 2:7 (parallel to לָקַט glean); the quails Numbers 11:32 (twice in verse); food in general (מַאֲכָל) Genesis 6:21 (followed by אֵל); eggs Isaiah 10:14; money 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 24:11; ashes of red heifer Numbers 19:9, 10; chariots 1 Kings 10:26; 2 Chronicles 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בִּמְכַמְּרֹתָּו, in metaphor) Habakkuk 1:15; of collecting wind Proverbs 30:4 מִי רוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיו אָסַף.
2. gather an individual into company of others
   • (a) object person especially gather to one's father 2 Kings 22:20 (עַל אֲבֹתֶיךָ) = 2 Chronicles 34:28 (אֵל; both parallel to Niph`al of same verb q.v.); hence also
   • (b) bring, object person 1 Samuel 14:52 (on form here see Samuel Rolles Driver) 2 Samuel 11:27 (both followed by אֵל), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Deuteronomy 22:2 (followed by אֶל תָּוְכָּו); hence also
   • (c) take up, care for, subject יָה Psalm 27:10 (compare perhaps Isaiah 40:11 קָבַץ);
   • (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֵל) Genesis 49:33.
3. bring up the rear of Isaiah 58:8 יַאֲסֹפֵּךָ כִּבְוֹד יָהּ i.e. be thy rear-guard (parallel to הָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶּךָ) — Isaiah 52:12 has Pi`el מְאַסִּפְּכֶם q.v.
4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1 Samuel 14:19 (object hand), Jeremiah 10:17 (bundle, followed by מִן), leprosy 2 Kings 5:11 (see צָרַע); compare also מִצָּרַעַת אָסַף, remove (set free) a man from leprosy 2 Kings 5:3; 2 Kings 5:6; 2 Kings 5:7; Genesis 30:23; Isaiah 4:1 (reproach), Psalm 85:4 (wrath, parallel to הֵשִׁיב), Jeremiah 16:5 (peace, followed by מִן), Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 (light), Psalm 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Judges 18:25; Psalm 104:29 (רוּחַ) see also Job 34:14 (followed by אֵל); hence destroy 1 Samuel 15:6 object person); passive אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ezekiel 34:29; also Infinitive absolute Jeremiah 8:13; Zephaniah 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיר from סוּף, see Eduard König² i. 445; considered Hiphil Infinitive absolute by J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73 see above).

Niph`al

Perfect נֶאֱסַף Numbers 27:13 + נֶאֱסָפָה Jeremiah 48:33 etc.; Imperfect יֵאָסֵף Exodus 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָסֵף Genesis 25:8 +; יֵאָסְפוּן Psalm 104:22 etc.; Imperative הֵאָסֵף Deuteronomy 32:50; הֵאָסְפִי Jeremiah 47:6; הֵאָסְפוּ Genesis 49:1 +; Infinitive absolute הֵאָסֹף 2 Samuel 17:11 (on form compare J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 74); construct הֵאָסֵף Genesis 29:7; Numbers 12:15; Participle נֶאֱסָף Genesis 49:29; נֶאֱסָפִים 1 Samuel 13:11; Isaiah 13:14; נֶאֱסָפִים Isaiah 57:1.

1. assemble, be gathered, reflexive
   • (a) subject men Genesis 49:1 (parallel to קָבַץ Genesis 49:2), Isaiah 43:9 (parallel to קָבַץ), 2 Chronicles 30:3 (followed by לְ) 2 Chronicles 30:13 (followed by accusative of location), Ezra 3:1; Ezra 9:4; Nehemiah 8:1, 13 (all followed by אֵל) Nehemiah 9:1; Nehemiah 12:28; earlier mostly of assembling for war Genesis 34:30 (followed by עַל), Joshua 10:5; Judges 6:33; Judges 9:6; Judges 10:17 parallel to נִצְעַק), Judges 20:11 (followed by אֵל) Judges 20:14 (followed by הָ locative), 1 Samuel 13:11 (followed by accusative of location) +;
   • (b) subject flocks, etc. Genesis 29:3 (passive; followed by שָׁמָּה) Genesis 29:7; Genesis 29:8 (all Jehovist Source); fish Numbers 11:22 (compare Habakkuk 1:15 Qal);
   • (c) inanimate subject herbs Proverbs 27:25; water 2 Samuel 14:14 (in simile); bones for burial Jeremiah 8:2; compare Jeremiah 25:33 (bodies of slain) see also Ezekiel 29:5 (parallel to קָבַץ which Carl Heinrich Cornill reads קָבַר), apparently = compose, arrange for burial. So יֵאָסֵף Job 27:19; but read probably יֹאסֵף = יֻּסַף (Exodus 5:7), Heinrich Ewald, Franz Delitzsch, August Dillmann, Wilhelm Gesenius, Eduard König.
2. passive of Qal 2
   • (a) be gathered to one's fathers אֵל אֲבֹתָיו נֶאֱסַף Judges 2:10; elsewhere to one's people אֵל עַמָּיו (all Priests' Code / Narrative) Genesis 25:8, 17; Genesis 35:29 (parallel to וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) Genesis 49:29, 33 (parallel to גָּוַע), Numbers 20:24, 26 (parallel to מָוֶת) Numbers 27:13 (twice in verse); Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (twice in verse) (both parallel to מָוֶת); also אֵל קִבְרֹתֶיךָ 2 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 34:28 both parallel to Qal q.v.); hence also
   • (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Numbers 12:14, 15 (Elohist Source) of Miriam, after leprosy; also reflexive betake oneself, of Moses Numbers 11:30 (Elohist Source), compare 2 Samuel 17:13 (both followed by אֵל); even with inanimate subject Jeremiah 47:6 הֵאָסְפִי אֵל תַּעְרִיךְ (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (followed by הָ locative) for protection Exodus 9:19.
3. passive of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Isaiah 57:1 (twice in verse) (parallel to אָבַד); fish Hosea 4:3; gladness Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 48:33 (followed by מִן); also reflexive, withdraw itself, of moon Isaiah 60:20 (parallel to בֹּוא שֶׁמֶשׁ).

Pi`el

Participle מְאַסֵּף Numbers 10:25 +; מְאַסְּפָיו Isaiah 62:9 (so Brown, Driver, Briggs see Eduard König² i. 201); מְאַסִּפְּכֶם Isaiah 52:12.

1. gather harvest Isaiah 62:9 (parallel to קָבַץ); bodies for burial Jeremiah 9:21.
2. take in, receive into (followed by בַּיִּתָּה) Judges 19:15, 18.
3. as substantive rearguard, rearward Numbers 10:25 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Joshua 6:9, 13 (both Elohist Source); figurative of God Isaiah 52:12.

Pu`al

Perfect וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Isaiah 33:4; Zechariah 14:14 etc.; Participle מְאֻסָּף Ezekiel 38:12 — be gathered, of men Isaiah 24:22; Hosea 10:10 (followed by עַל against), Ezekiel 38:12; booty Isaiah 33:4; wealth Zechariah 14:14.

Hithpa`el

Infinitive הִתְאַסֵּף Deuteronomy 33:5 gather themselves.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, Leipzig, 1886.

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Leipzig, 1881-1897.

³ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1889.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0622:

No stats available

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

עמיו עַמָּיו׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

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II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

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Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971b:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

And Heel is ending to command אֶת-his builders and is gathering his feet-pair toward the Stretch-out-place, and he is breathing out, and is being gathered toward his people.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
None

LITV Translation:
And Jacob finished commanding his sons, and he gathered his feet into the bed. And he expired, and was gathered to his people.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Jacob ceased giving charges to his sons; and having lifted up his feet on the bed, he died, and was gathered to his people.