Genesis 43:23

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויאמר וַיֹּאמֶר

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

שלום שָׁלוֹם

completeness/peace

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלום

shâlôwm

Definition

safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health, prosperity, peace

Root

or שלם; from H7999 (שלם);

Exhaustive

or שלם; from שלם; safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health, prosperity, peace; [idiom] do, familiar, [idiom] fare, favour, [phrase] friend, [idiom] great, (good) health, ([idiom] perfect, such as be at) peace(-able, -ably), prosper(-ity, -ous), rest, safe(-ty), salute, welfare, ([idiom] all is, be) well, [idiom] wholly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7965

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁלוֹם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1429

1. Formula of asking after another's welfare or progress. 2. Security, rest, comfort, opposite misfortune. 3. Peace, as a state of rest, opposite war. Also means salvation, piety, virtue, friendship, or a friend.

Matched via consonantal key only

שְׁלּוּם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1429

Requital, reciprocal service.

Matched via consonantal key only

שׁלּוּם

noun proper masculine • Root שלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1429

A recompenser or retribution (written also שֶׁלֶם).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁלוֹם

m. verbal • Root שלם • Page 676

1. prosperous, in health, well, integer (Gen. 47:27, 1 Sam. 25:6, etc.). 2. in full number, the whole (Jer. 13:19). 3. safe, secure, enjoying peace (Job 21:9). 4. friendly, peaceably disposed (Ps. 55:21). 5. as a subst. health, integritas. Often used in inquiries about well-being (Gen. 29:6, 2 Sam. 11:7, etc.). 6. prosperity, a prosperous event (1 K. 2:13, 2 K. 5:21). 7. peace (Deut. 20:10, Judg. 21:13). 8. friendship, good understanding (Ps. 41:10, Jer. 20:10).

שִׁלּוּם

noun masculine • Root שלם • Page 676

recompense, see שָׁלַם

שִׁלּוּם

m. verbal • Root שלם • Page 682

Recompense. Hos. 9: 7. Mic. 7: 3. Plur. Is. 34: 8.

שַׁלּוּם

m. verbal • Root שלם • Page 682

Recompense. Hos. 9: 7. Mic. 7: 3.

שַׁלּוּם

m. proper name • Page 682

A king of Israel. 2 K. 15: 8—16.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7965

I. שָׁלוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 237) noun masculine¹ — completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lag^{BN 174}); — שָׁלוֺם Genesis 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Ezekiel 13:16 +; construct שְׁלוֺם Genesis 37:14 +; suffix שְׁלוֺמִי Psalm 41:10 +, etc.; plural (all dubious) שְׁלוֺמִים Jeremiah 13:19; Psalm 69:23; suffix שְׁמָֹיו Psalm 55:21.

1. completeness in number:
   • הָגְלָת שְׁלוֺמִים Jeremiah 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, compare Amos 1:6; so ᵐ5 Wellhausen SS Buhl)
2. safety, soundness, in body:
   • אֵין שָׁלוֺם בַּעֲצָמַי Psalm 38:4
   • לְשָׁלוֺם Isaiah 38:17
   • שָׁלוֺם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (GKC^{§ 141c}) Job 5:24 is safe, secure
3. welfare, health, prosperity:
   • שָׁאַל לְפִי שָׁלוֺם ask one about welfare Genesis 43:27 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 18:7 (Elohist Source), Judges 18:15; compare 2 Samuel 11:7
   • pregnantly ירד לשׁלום 2 Kings 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, compare 1 Samuel 17:18; Jeremiah 38:4
   • הלד לשׁלום Exodus 4:18 (Elohist Source)
   • עלה לשׁלום Genesis 44:17 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 25:35
   • דבּר לשׁלום Genesis 37:4 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
   • שָׁלוֺם לְ be well with Genesis 29:6, Genesis 43:23, 28 (Jehovist Source), Judges 6:23; Judges 19:20; 1 Samuel 20:7, 21; 2 Kings 4:26
   • שָׁלוֺם בְּ Psalm 122:7–8 may it be well in
   • absolute as object of אָמַר well, be well, Genesis 29:6 (Jehovist Source), 2 Samuel 18:28; 2 Kings 9:11, 17, 18, 19, 22; Jeremiah 6:14
   • הֲשָׁלוֺם אֲבִיכֶם (GKC^{§ 141c}) Genesis 43:27 (Jehovist Source)
   • שׁ׳ בּ(וֺ)אֶ֑ךָ 1 Samuel 16:4 (see Driver), 1 Kings 2:13
   • אֵין שׁ׳ Jeremiah 6:14; אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים Psalm 73:3
   • רֹב שׁ׳ Psalm 37:11; Psalm 72:7; שָׁאַל שׁ׳ Psalm 122:6
   • דרשׁ שׁ׳ (+ טוב) Deuteronomy 23:7; Ezra 9:12
   • יוֺסִיפוּ לָךְ שׁ׳ Proverbs 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Job 15:21 in time of prosperity
4. peace, quiet, tranquility, contentment,
   • Isaiah 32:17 (+ וָבֶטַח הַשְׁקֵט)
   • שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ Psalm 4:9 (to sleep)
   • depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Genesis 15:15 (Redactor JE), 1 Kings 2:6, Isaiah 57:2
   • אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ Psalm 37:37
   • בא בשׁ׳ Exodus 18:23 (Elohist Source) come in contentment
   • ארץ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (+ מבטחים) Isaiah 32:18, compare Jeremiah 25:37
   • שׁ׳ מִמָּ֑חַד Job 21:9
   • ולשׁלומים לְמקֵשׁ Psalm 69:23 security, (let it) become a trap (but ᵐ5 Jerome וּלְשִׁלּוּמִים, Duhm וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings)
5. peace, friendship:

   a. human relations:

   • אֱנוֺשׁ שְׁלוֺמִי Jeremiah 20:10 man of my friendship, compare Jeremiah 38:22; Obadiah 7; Psalm 41:10
   • עֲצַת שׁ׳ Zechariah 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 12:20
   • (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ Psalm 28:3; Psalm 35:20; Jeremiah 9:7
   • בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Psalm 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Isaiah 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ Isaiah 59:8
   • שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Genesis 26:29 (Jehovist Source)
   • הלן בשׁ׳ Genesis 26:31 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 29:7
   • שׁוב בשׁ׳ 2 Samuel 15:27; (+ צדקה) in Messianic reign Psalm 72:3

   b. peace with God, especially in covenant relation:

   • ברית שׁ׳ Isaiah 54:10 covt. of my peace, compare Numbers 25:12 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26, also Malachi 2:5
   • יהוה שָׁלוֺם as name of altar Judges 6:24
   • שׂם שׁ׳ Numbers 6:26 (Priests' Code); בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ Psalm 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ Psalm 35:27
   • עשׂה שׁ׳ Jeremiah 33:9; מֵאֵת אָסַף שׁ׳ Jeremiah 16:5 (+ חסד)
   • דבּר שׁ׳ Psalm 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Haggai 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Jeremiah 29:11
   • man subject עשׂח שׁ׳ Isaiah 27:5; הלן בשׁ׳ Malachi 2:6
   • In this sense (+ צֶדֶק) Psalm 85:11, (+ צְדָקָה) Isaiah 54:13; Isaiah 60:17, (+ שִׂמְחָה) Isaiah 55:12
   • is like a river Isaiah 48:18; Isaiah 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Psalm 125:5; Psalm 128:6
   • מוּסַר שׁ׳ Isaiah 53:5 chastisement for our peace
6. peace from war:
   • עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Joshua 9:15; Job 25:2
   • נתן שׁ׳ בָּאָרֶץ Leviticus 26:6 (Holiness Code)
   • שׁ׳ בֵּין ... וּבֵין Judges 4:17; 1 Samuel 7:14; 1 Kings 5:26
   • קרא לְשָׁלוֺם Deuteronomy 20:10; Judges 21:13; Micah 3:5
   • שׁוב בשׁ׳ Joshua 10:21 (Elohist Source), Judges 8:9; Judges 11:31
   • בא בשׁ׳ 2 Samuel 19:25, 31
   • היה שׁ׳ לְ 1 Kings 5:4; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:7
   • שׁ׳ וֶאֱמֶת Isaiah 39:8 = 2 Kings 20:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Ecclesiastes 3:8
   • בְּשָׁלוֺם 1 Kings 2:5 in time of peace
   • שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isaiah 9:5 (Messianic title)
7. as adjective שְׁמָֹיו Psalm 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹׁלְמָיו Baethgen Buhl Duhm; ᵐ5 apparently שִׁלּוּמָיו).

¹ Isaiah 54:13.

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lag^BN).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: εἰρήνη εἰρήνην εἰρήνῃ εἰρήνησ μετ'

LXX Usage Statistics

H7965:

εἰρήνη 61× (25.3%)

εἰρήνην 61× (23.6%)

εἰρήνῃ 32× (11.8%)

εἰρήνησ 24× (9.5%)

μετ' 6× (2.6%)

'' 6× (2.2%)

εἰρηνικὰ 4× (1.7%)

ὑγιαίνει 4× (1.7%)

pἐν 3× (1.3%)

σωτηρίασ 3× (1.1%)

לכם לָכֶ֜ם

to yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

אל אַל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼal

Definition

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

Root

a negative particle (akin to H3808 (לא));

Exhaustive

a negative particle (akin to לא); not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing; nay, neither, [phrase] never, no, nor, not, nothing (worth), rather than.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H408

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַל

pronoun demonstrative • Strongs_Numbers • Page 126

(I) Pronominal stem/demonstrative pronoun. A gentle reference to a thing and emphasizing of it, weaker than זֶה. Hence arises its modification into the article in Arabic, and in some Hebrew remains.

אַל

negative particle • Root לא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 126

(II) A negative word/particle expressing subjective negation, unwillingness, or prohibition (dissuasively 'do not', 'let not'). Distinct from the objective negative לֹא. Used in commands, wishes, and to denote dissuasion.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אַל

particle of negation • Root אלל • Page 49

1. lest, that... not (Gen. 43:23). 2. not, but more rarely (Am. 5:14). 3. nay, no (Ruth 1:13). 4. nothing (Job 24:25). 5. interrogatively for הֲלֹא (1 Sam. 27:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H408

II. אַל adverb of negation (so Phoenician for example Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum volume 1, numbers 3, 4, 5, 8, Biblical Aramaic, Sabean (D. H. Müller Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 596), and in the Ethiopic አማር: አልቦ, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אל (for example Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum volume 1, numbers 3, 4, 5, 8)
• Biblical Aramaic
• Sabean (D. H. Müller Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 596)
• Ethiopic አማር: አልቦ, is not

1. Usage with a Verb

With a verb, which is then always an imperfect (never an imperative), by preference in the cohortative or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number.

• Genesis 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not!
• Genesis 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָדְךָ put not forth thy hand
• Genesis 37:27 וְיַדֵּנוּ אַל־תְּהִי בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him
• Genesis 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה בְּמוֹת הַנַּעַר let me not look upon the death of the lad!
• Psalm 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed
• With 1 plural (rare): 2 Samuel 13:25; Jeremiah 18:18; Jonah 1:14

2. In an Imprecation

• Genesis 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency!
• Psalm 109:12
• Job 3:4, 6

Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Genesis 13:8; Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere.

3. Without a Verb

(a) 2 Samuel 1:21 let (there be) not dew and not rain upon you! Isaiah 62:6; Psalm 83:1.

(b) Used absolutely, in deprecation: Genesis 19:18; 2 Samuel 13:16 (see below אוֹדָה); 2 Kings 3:13; 2 Kings 4:16; 2 Kings 6:27 (see Revised Version margin; but possibly to be explained by Driver¹ §152 iii; so Thenius² Keil³; hardly as Ewald⁴ §355 b); Ruth 1:13 אַל בְּנוֹתַי nay, my daughters, compare Judges 19:23.

(c) After a preceding imperative: Amos 5:14; Joel 2:13; Proverbs 8:10, a jussive Proverbs 27:2, an infinitive absolute Proverbs 27:2.

(d) In poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (see Driver¹ §§56-8); Isaiah 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Psalm 41:3; Proverbs 3:25; Job 5:22; Psalm 34:6 (but manuscripts 5, 6 Ewald⁴ Cheyne⁵ here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, probably rightly); Psalm 50:3 a may our God come וְאַל יֶחֱשָׁרָשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene Psalm 50:2, 3b-c) Psalm 121:3 (contrast Psalm 121:4 לֹא) Jeremiah 46:6 +.

4. Joined Closely to a Substantive

Once Proverbs 12:28 joined closely to a substantive (compare לֹא 2 b) to express with emphasis its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death! that is to say, immortality.

5. Used as a Substantive

Once Job 24:25 used in poetry as a substantive, And bring my words לְאַל to nought!

Note: 1 Samuel 27:10 אַל־מִשְׁטֹתֵם הַיּוֹם, אַל with the perfect is against all analogy; and either אֵלִי (with manuscripts 5, 9), or better אָן whither? (with manuscripts 6, 7; see 1 Samuel 10:14) must be read.

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

² O. Thenius, Die Bücher der Könige, Leipzig, 1849.

³ C. F. Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, trans. J. Martin, Edinburgh, 1865-1872.

⁴ H. Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache des alten Bundes, 8th ed., Göttingen, 1870.

⁵ T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms, London, 1888.

Particle negative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0408:

No stats available

תיראו תִּירָ֗אוּ

you are fearing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירא

yârêʼ

Definition

to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten; affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in) fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), [idiom] see, terrible (act, -ness, thing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3372

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 642

1. To tremble, to quake, for fear or from faint-heartedness or joyous surprise. 2. To be afraid, to tremble, to be fearful. 3. To fear, with accusative of person or thing. 4. In a noble sense: to feel awe, to reverence, esteem highly, honour.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

To have religious awe, fear of God; to be pious, faithful, God-fearing; to worship; to turn back or refrain.

יָרֵא

adjective • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

Fearing, anxious, faint-hearted, in a worldly sense; but usually in a religious meaning.

יָרֵא

unknown • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 420

belonging to Nif. נוֹרָא, see יָרֵא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Page 295

to fear, reverence. [Entry incomplete on page]

יָרֵא

verb • Page 296

1. to fear, to be afraid (Josh. 22:25, Gen. 15:1, 21:17). Construed with an accusative of the person feared (Num. 14:9), with מִפְּנֵי (Josh. 11:6), or with לְ of the person or thing for which one fears (Josh. 9:24). 2. to honour, fear, reverence, revereri; e.g. one's parents (Lev. 19:3), the sanctuary (Lev. 19:30), or an oath (1 Sam. 14:26). Hence יָרֵא אֶת אֱלֹהִים to fear God, equivalent to being virtuous or pious.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Page 296

1. fearing. Often joined with personal pronouns to form a periphrasis for the finite verb, as יָרֵא אָנֹכִי 'I fear' (Gen. 32:12). 2. more as an adj. fearful (Deut. 20:8). יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים 'fearing God' (Gen. 22:12, Job 1:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3372

I. יָרֵא (approximate number of occurrences: 328) verb — fear.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian îrû idem¹

— יָרֵא Perfect Genesis 19:30; 3 feminine יָרְאָה Jeremiah 3:8, Psalm 76:9; יָרֵ֑אָה Genesis 18:15; plural 2 masculine יְרֵאתֶם Numbers 12:8; Imperfect יִירָא Amos 3:8; וַיִּירָא Genesis 28:17; וַיִּרָא Jeremiah 26:21; plural יִירְאוּ Jeremiah 23:4; יִרָאוּן Deuteronomy 13:12; Imperative יְרָא Proverbs 3:7; plural יְראוּ Joshua 24:14; Infinitive construct יְרֹא Joshua 22:25; לֵרֹא 1 Samuel 18:29 (GKC²); לְיִרְאָה Deuteronomy 4:10; suffix יִרְאָתוֺ 2 Samuel 3:11, יִרְאָתָם Isaiah 29:13, יְרָאתֶם Joshua 4:24; Participle יָרֵא Genesis 32:12; construct יְרֵא Genesis 22:12; plural יְרֵאִים Jeremiah 42:11; construct יִרְאֵי Exodus 18:21; feminine construct יִרְאַת Proverbs 31:30.

1. fear, be afraid (not in Priests' Code)

a. absolute

• Genesis 3:10, 18:15, 32:8, 43:18
• Exodus 14:10 (Jehovist Source)
• אַלתִּֿירָא fear not: Genesis 15:1, 21:17, 50:19
• יִשְׁמְעוּ ויירָאוּ hear and fear: Deuteronomy 13:12, 17:13

b. with accusative of thing or person

• Numbers 14:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 3:2, 22
• 1 Samuel 15:24
• Accusative of God (יהוה): 1 Samuel 12:18, Jeremiah 5:22

c. with מִן or מִמְּנֵי be afraid of

• Deuteronomy 1:29, 7:18, 28:10
• Isaiah 10:24, 51:12
• With מִמְּנֵי: Deuteronomy 5:5, 1 Samuel 18:29, Jeremiah 1:8

d. with infinitive and לְ fear to do

• Genesis 19:30, 26:7 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 3:6 (Elohist Source)

e. with מֶּן fear lest

• Genesis 31:31 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 32:12 (Jehovist Source)

2. stand in awe of

• With מן and infinitive: Exodus 34:30 (Priests' Code)
• With מֵאֱלהֶיךָ: Leviticus 19:14, 25:17 (Holiness Code)
• Before God: Ecclesiastes 3:14, 8:12

3. fear, reverence, honour

Of parents, Moses, sanctuary, or God:

• Parents: Leviticus 19:3 (Holiness Code)
• Sanctuary: Leviticus 19:30
• With accusative of God: Genesis 22:12, Exodus 1:17 (Elohist Source), Job 1:1, Proverbs 3:7

Niph`al

— Imperfect תִּוָּרֵא Psalm 130:4; Participle נוֺרָא Genesis 28:17; feminine נוֺרָאָה Isaiah 21:1; plural נוֺרָאוֺת Isaiah 64:2, Deuteronomy 10:21.

1. be fearful, dreadful
   • Wilderness: Deuteronomy 1:19
   • People: Isaiah 18:2
2. cause astonishment and awe
   • Of Yahweh: Psalm 47:3, Exodus 15:11
   • Wonderful things (נוראות): 2 Samuel 7:23, Psalm 106:22
3. inspire reverence, godly fear, and awe
   • Attribute of God: Deuteronomy 7:21, Psalm 130:4
   • Of the Name: Deuteronomy 28:58, Psalm 111:9

Piel

— Perfect suffix יֵָֽרְאֻנִי 2 Samuel 14:15; Infinitive suffix לְיָָֽרְאֵנִי Nehemiah 6:19; Participle plural מְיָָֽרְאִים Nehemiah 6:9, 14 — make afraid, terrify.

¹ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (KAT); Eb. Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: φοβοῦ ἐφοβήθη ἐφοβήθησαν φοβηθῇσ φοβεῖσθε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3372:

φοβοῦ 33× (11.1%)

ἐφοβήθη 27× (8.5%)

ἐφοβήθησαν 23× (6.9%)

φοβηθῇσ 16× (5.4%)

φοβεῖσθε 14× (4.7%)

φοβηθήσῃ 12× (3.8%)

φοβηθῆτε 12× (4.0%)

φοβηθήσονται 11× (3.3%)

φοβεῖσθαι 11× (3.5%)

φοβηθήσεσθε 11× (3.7%)

אלהיכם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם

mighty ones of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

ואלהי וֵאלֹהֵי

and gods/my goddess

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

אביכם אֲבִיכֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1

I. אָב (approximate number of occurrences: 1191) noun masculine — father.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אב
• Assyrian abu
• Arabic أب
• Sabean אב (Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, 1, 37 1. 2 and others)
• Ethiopic አብ
• Aramaic אַבָּא
• Arabic (Kufic style) أب

— אָב absolute Genesis 44:19 (47 times); construct אַב Genesis 17:4, Genesis 17:5; (compare in אַבְרָהָם Genesis 17:5 and elsewhere in proper names. On Halévy's proposed אֲבִר see אַבְרָהָם); אֲבִי (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §90, §3b, §96) Genesis 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Genesis 19:34 + (Massoretic Text אבי); אָבִיךָ Genesis 12:1 +; אָבִיו Genesis 2:24 +; אָבִיהָ Judges 14:10 + (6 times); plural אָבוֹת Exodus 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֹת Exodus 6:25 (7 times); suffix אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָי) Genesis 47:9 (15 times); אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Chronicles 4:38 (32 times, late); אֲבוֹתָם Exodus 4:5 (106 times) etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Biological father

• Genesis 2:24 (+ אֵם)
• Genesis 11:28–29
• Genesis 19:31–33
• + often (mostly Jehovist Source², Elohist Source³, Deuteronomist)

b. Father as authority / commander

• Genesis 50:16 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 35:6–7
• Proverbs 6:20
• compare Genesis 18:19; Jehovist Source Genesis 28:1, 6 Priests' Code / Narrative; 1 Samuel 17:20; 1 Kings 2:1

c. Instructor / disciplinarian

• מוֹסֵר Proverbs 1:8
• Proverbs 4:1
• compare Deuteronomy 8:5

d. Begetter (genitor)

• Proverbs 23:22
• Zechariah 13:3 (+ אֵם)
• Isaiah 45:10 (+ אֵם)
• compare Genesis 49:4 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 18:7, 8, 11 (Priests' Code / Narrative)

e. Emotional and relational roles

• Rebuking: Genesis 37:10
• Loving: Genesis 37:4; Genesis 44:20 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare Genesis 22:2; Genesis 25:28; Genesis 37:3; 2 Samuel 14:1)
• Pitying: Psalm 103:13 (in simile, compare 2 Samuel 18:5)
• Blessing: Genesis 27:41 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare Genesis 27:4; also Genesis 28:1 Priests' Code / Narrative +)
• Glad: Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 15:20; compare Proverbs 29:3
• Grieving: Genesis 37:35 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare 2 Samuel 12:22; 2 Samuel 19:1–2) etc.

f. Object of honor and obedience

• Exodus 20:12 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:16
• Exodus 21:15, 17 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 21:18–19
• Genesis 28:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative); 1 Kings 19:20 (all + אֵם); 1 Kings 50:1; 1 Kings 50:5 (Jehovist Source); Malachi 1:6 etc.

2. Metaphorical Extension

Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (parallel אִמִּי and אֲחֹתִי).

3. Of God as father

Of God as father of his people (see Revue Sémitique Sem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it:

• Deuteronomy 32:6
• Jeremiah 3:4, 19
• Jeremiah 31:9
• Isaiah 63:16 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 64:7
• Malachi 1:6
• Malachi 2:10
• compare Exodus 4:22; Exodus 19:4 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 32:11; Hosea 11:1
• compare Jeremiah 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ יִלַּדְתַּנִי
• especially God as father of Davidic line 2 Samuel 7:14; Psalm 89:27
• of needy (late) Psalm 68:6 (compare Psalm 103:13)

4. Head of household, family or clan

• בֵּית אָבִי as abode Genesis 38:11 (twice in verse); Leviticus 22:13 +
• = family Genesis 24:40 (parallel מִשְׁמַחְתִּי); Genesis 41:51; Genesis 46:31; Numbers 18:1–2; Joshua 2:12, 18; Joshua 6:25
• especially technical of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Numbers 3:30, 35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan
• more often plural (אֲבוֹתָם, אֲבוֹתִיו) בֵּית אָבוֹת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Dillmann on Exodus 6:14) Exodus 6:14; Exodus 12:3; Numbers 1:2, 18 ff (often in Numbers); Joshua 14:1; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:1 (twice in verse); Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse) (always Priests' Code / Narrative in Hexateuch); also 1 Chronicles 5:13, 15 + often in Chronicles
• compare רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הַלְוִיִּם (= בֵּית אָב) Exodus 6:25 compare 1 Kings 8:1; 1 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Chronicles 7:11; Ezra, Nehemiah

5. Ancestor

• (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Genesis 28:13; Genesis 32:10 (Jehovist Source; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); great-grandfather 1 Kings 15:13; great-great-grandfather 1 Kings 15:11 etc.
• often plural (= fathers, forefathers) Genesis 15:15; Genesis 46:34 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); 1 Kings 19:4; 1 Kings 21:3–4; 2 Kings 19:12; 2 Kings 20:17 +
• particularly שָׁכַב עִם אֲבוֹתָיו 1 Kings 1:21; 1 Kings 2:10; 1 Kings 11:21; 1 Kings 22:40 +
• joined with וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִם אָב 1 Kings 14:31; 1 Kings 15:24; 1 Kings 22:51; 2 Kings 8:24; 2 Kings 15:38 compare 2 Kings 15:7, 2 Kings 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah)
• intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exodus 10:6 compare Daniel 11:24
• (b) of people Genesis 10:21 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 17:4–5 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Genesis 19:37–38 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 36:9, 43 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Deuteronomy 26:5; Isaiah 51:2; Isaiah 43:27 (where אֲבִיךָ הָרִאשׁוֹן thy first father, see Cheyne); compare also Ezekiel 16:3, 45 + often
• plural Exodus 3:13–16 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 1:8; Joshua 1:6; Judges 2:1; 1 Samuel 12:6 +; 1 Samuel 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם (We⁴, Driver⁵)

6. Originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

• Genesis 4:20–21

7. Figurative of producer, generator

• Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָב (parallel הוֹלִיד אֶגְלִיטָל)

8. Figurative of benevolence and protection

• Job 29:16 אָב אָנֹכִי לָאֶבְיוֹנִים, compare Job 31:18
• of Eliakim Isaiah 22:21
• perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isaiah 9:5 everlasting father (Gesenius, Ewald, Delitzsch, Cheyne, Briggs, Dillmann) — others divider of spoil (Abulwalid, Hitzig, Knobel, Kuenen, Briggs, Marti)

9. Term of respect and honor

(Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to:

• master 2 Kings 5:13
• priest Judges 17:10; Judges 18:19
• prophet 2 Kings 2:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 6:21; 2 Kings 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2 Kings 8:9; counsellor Genesis 45:8 (Elohist Source; compare διοικητὴρ πατρός — add. Esther 3:13; τὸ πατρὶ 1 Maccabees Esther 11:32); king 1 Samuel 24:12; artificer 2 Chronicles 2:12; 2 Chronicles 4:16

10. Specifically, ruler, chief (late)

• 1 Chronicles 2:24, 42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ewald §273b) see also Ewald Geschichte i. 524. H i. 365

On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Cheyne Encyclopaedia Biblica, ABI, NAMES WITH; Nöldeke ibid., NAMES, §§44, 45.

א, Aleph, first letter; in post-Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed Massoretic Text); א׳ = 1000; no evidence of this usage in Old Testament times.

אָב see II. אַבָּה.

אַבַּב (fresh, bright, Assyrian abābu Delitzsch Wörterbuch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

⁴ J. Wellhausen.

⁵ S. R. Driver.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

נתן נָתַן

he has given

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

לכם לָכֶם

to yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

מטמון מַטְמוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מטמון

maṭmôwn

Definition

a secret storehouse; hence, a secreted valuable (buried); generally money

Root

or מטמן; or מטמן; from H2934 (טמן);

Exhaustive

or מטמן; or מטמן; from טמן; a secret storehouse; hence, a secreted valuable (buried); generally money; hidden riches, (hid) treasure(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4301

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַטְמוֹן

noun masculine • Root טמן • Strongs / High • Page 841

A place where one hides, a secret place, a store-house; what one hides, hid treasure. Also written as מַטְמֻן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַטְמוֹן

noun masculine • Root טמן • Page 371

1. a place where anything is buried, a subterranean granary (Jer. 41: 8). 2. a subterranean treasure (Prov. 2: 4, Job 3: 21).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4301

I. מַטְמוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 5) noun masculine — hidden treasure, treasure.

— מַטְמוֹן absolute Genesis 43:23; plural מַטְמֹנִים Jeremiah 41:8, Proverbs 2:4; מַטְמוֹנִים Job 3:21; construct מַטְמֻנֵי Isaiah 45:3.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Hidden treasure

• Genesis 43:23 (of money in sacks)
• מַטְמֻנֵי מִסְתָּרים Isaiah 45:3 (i.e. treasures now hidden in secret places, shall become spoil of Cyrus; ‖ אוצרות חשׁך)
• Jeremiah 41:8, appositive חִמִּים שְׁעֹרִים שֶׁמֶן דבשׁ

b. In comparative

• Job 3:21 (longing for death more than for treasure)
• Proverbs 2:4 (wisdom sought for like treasure)

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θησαυροὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4301:

θησαυροὺσ 2× (26.6%)

באמתחתיכם בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵיכם

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמתחת

ʼamtachath

Definition

properly, something expansive, i.e. a bag

Root

from H4969 (מתח);

Exhaustive

from מתח; properly, something expansive, i.e. a bag; sack.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H572

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַמְתַּחַת

noun feminine • Root מתח • Lemma_Lookup • Page 158

Corn-sack.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַמְתַּחַת

noun feminine • Root מתח • Page 60

A sack. Gen. 42: 27 ff.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H572

אַמְתַּחַת (approximate number of occurrences: 20) noun feminine — sack, only Genesis 42-44.

— אַמְתַּחַת construct Genesis 44:2, 12; suffix אַמְתַּחֲתִּי Genesis 42:28, אַמְתַּחֲתוֹ Genesis 42:27 (2 times); plural construct אַמְתֹּחֹת Genesis 44:1; suffix אַמְתֹּחֹתֵינוּ Genesis 43:18 (3 times); אַמְתֹּחֹתֵיכֶם Genesis 43:12, 23.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sack(s) for carrying corn

• Sack(s) in which the brethren of Joseph carried corn from Egypt.
• In the phrase בְּפִי אַמְתַּחַת "in the mouth of the sack": Genesis 42:27, 43:12, 21, 44:1, 2, 8.
• Elsewhere: Genesis 42:28, 43:18, 21, 22, 23, 44:1 (2 times), 11 (2 times), 12 (all J¹).

¹ Jehovist Source (Yahwist Source).

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0572:

No stats available

כספכם כַּסְפְּכֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כסף

keçeph

Definition

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

Root

from H3700 (כסף);

Exhaustive

from כסף; silver (from its pale color); by implication, money; money, price, silver(-ling).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3701

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

silver, so called from its whitish-grey, pale colour. It is used to denote silver as a metal, a shekel of silver, silver-ore, money, or what is bought for money.

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

Aramaic word for silver, money.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Page 324

1. silver. Gen. 23: 15. 2. money generally. Gen. 23: 13. Deut. 23: 20.

כְּסַף

chald. • Page 324

Chald. idem. (equivalent to silver). Dan. 2: 35. 5: 2, 4, 23.

כָּסַף

verb • Page 324

1. to be greedy or long for any thing. Ps. 17: 12. 2. to have compassion. Job 14: 15. Niph. to long for; to blush or be ashamed. Gen. 31: 30. Zeph. 2: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3701

I. כֶּ֫סֶף (approximate number of occurrences: 402) noun masculine^{Genesis 23:9} — silver, money.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כסף
• Zinjirli כסף
• Aramaic כַּסְפָּא
• Palmyrene כספא
• Assyrian kaspu

— כֶּ֫סֶף absolute Genesis 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exodus 21:11 +; construct כֶּ֫סֶף Exodus 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְפִּי Genesis 42:28, כַּסְפְּךָ 1 Kings 20:3, כַּסְפֵּנוּ Genesis 31:15; plural suffix כַּסְפֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:25, 35 etc.

1. Silver ore, raw silver

(Rare and mostly late):

• Job 28:1
• figurative Ezekiel 22:20, 22
• Zechariah 13:9
• Proverbs 2:4; 17:3; 27:21
• Malachi 3:3
• Psalm 12:7; Psalm 66:10
• Isaiah 48:10
• הָגוּ סִיגִים מִכֶּסֶף Proverbs 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Proverbs 26:23 and סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Ezekiel 22:18
• כֶּסֶף נִמְאָס Jeremiah 6:30

2. Silver as bright, shining

figurative of dove's wings:

• כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּסֶף Psalm 68:14

3. Silver as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Frequently with gold, etc. (+ זָהָב) Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13
• figurative of a slave as valuable, כַּסְפּוֹ הוּא Exodus 21:21 (Elohist Source)
• Silver as less valuable than gold 1 Kings 10:21; 2 Chronicles 9:20
• כֶּסֶף נִבְחָר choice silver, Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 10:20

4. Silver as spoil of war

• (With זָהָב) Judges 5:19; 2 Samuel 8:11 = 1 Chronicles 18:11

5. Silver as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:12
• סְחַר־כֶּסֶף Proverbs 3:14
• Zephaniah 1:11

6. Silver as costly gift

• (With זָהָב) 1 Kings 15:18, 19
• 2 Kings 16:8; 2 Kings 18:15
• Isaiah 60:9; Daniel 11:38

7. Silver as material

• Of cup Genesis 44:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Of trumpets Numbers 10:2 (Priestly Code)
• כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף Genesis 24:53
• Of idols Exodus 20:23; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 29:16; Psalm 115:4
• Fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26–27; 36; 38

8. Silver as measure of weight and value

a. shekels

• שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים כֶּסֶף Exodus 21:32 (JE)
• Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 18:16 (Priestly Code)
• אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף Genesis 23:15, 16 (Priestly Code)

b. shekel omitted

• Genesis 20:16; Genesis 45:22 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 37:28 (Yahwist Source)
• Hosea 3:2; Song of Solomon 8:11

c. talents

• כִּכַּר הַכֶּסֶף Exodus 38:27 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Kings 20:39; 2 Kings 5:22; 2 Kings 15:19
• 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 8:26

d. minas

• מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים כֶּסֶף Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:70

e. money (measure of value and exchange)

• Genesis 31:15; Genesis 42:25 (Elohist Source)
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף one bought for money Genesis 17:12, 13 (Priestly Code)
• כֶּסֶף מָלֵא full price Genesis 23:9
• כֶּסֶף אָשָׁם 2 Kings 12:17 trespass-money
• כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים Exodus 30:16 atonement-money

9. Verbs and phrases used with כֶּ֫סֶף

• צרף try, refine, Zechariah 13:9; Isaiah 48:10
• שָׁקַל כֶּסֶף weigh out silver Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16
• מָכַר בְּכֶסֶף sell for money Amos 2:6; Genesis 37:28
• קָנָה בְכֶסֶף buy for money Amos 8:6; Jeremiah 32:25
• נָתַן כֶּסֶף בְּנֶשֶׁךְ give money on usury Leviticus 25:37; Psalm 15:5

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti (1829–1858).

² W. Robertson Smith, Journal of Philology, xiv. 125.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: ἀργύριον ἀργυρίου ἀργυρίῳ ἀργυρᾶν ἀργυρᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3701:

ἀργύριον 156× (36.0%)

ἀργυρίου 104× (25.5%)

ἀργυρίῳ 18× (4.1%)

ἀργυρᾶν 15× (3.9%)

ἀργυρᾶ 11× (2.7%)

'' 11× (2.5%)

ἀργυροῦν 11× (2.8%)

ἀργυραῖ 9× (2.3%)

ἀργυρᾶσ 7× (1.8%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

בא בָּא

he has come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

אלי אֵלָי

toward myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

ויוצא וַיּוֹצֵא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3318

I. יָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 1068) verb — go or come out.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic יְעָא
• Ethiopic ወጽአ
• Assyrian âṣû¹
• Syriac יעא
• Phoenician יצא
• Sabean וצַא³
• Arabic وضأ²

— Perfect יָצָא Genesis 10:11 (92 times); 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Numbers 16:35 (13 times); יָצָ֑אָה Isaiah 28:29; 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Genesis 24:5 (7 times); 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jeremiah 31:4; 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 11:10; וִיצָאתֶם Judges 21:21, Malachi 3:20; 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jeremiah 10:20; Imperfect יֵצֵא Genesis 15:4 (64 times); וַיֵּצֵא Genesis 4:16 (132 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exodus 21:7 (22 times); וַתֵּצֵא Genesis 30:16 (14 times); Imperative צֵא Genesis 8:16 (15 times); feminine singular צְאִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural צֵאוּ Genesis 19:14 (11 times); Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Genesis 8:7; construct צֵאת Genesis 24:11 (31 times); Participle יֹצֵא (יוֺצֵא) Genesis 2:10 (62 times).

1. Qal: Go or come out or forth

a. From a place

• From a tent Genesis 31:33 (Elohist Source)
• From a house 2 Samuel 11:8; Joshua 2:19 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• From a city Genesis 19:14 (Jahwist Source); Genesis 12:4 (Priests' Code)
• From Egypt (the Exodus) Exodus 12:41 (Jahwist Source); Deuteronomy 4:45–46 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. From the presence of a person

• Exodus 8:26 (+ מֵעִם)
• Genesis 4:16 (Jahwist Source; + מִלִּפְנֵי)
• Job 1:12 (+ מֵעִם מְּנֵי)

c. In technical senses

• Of emancipation Exodus 21:2 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• Of the Jubilee release Leviticus 25:28 (Holiness Code)
• Of divorce Deuteronomy 24:2

d. Of flight, involving escape

• Genesis 39:12 (Jahwist Source; + הַחוּ֫צָה)
• Ecclesiastes 7:18 figurative

e. Of departure and expiration

• At death Genesis 35:18 (בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ)
• Failing of heart Genesis 42:28 (Elohist Source)
• End of the year Exodus 23:16 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)

f. Of inanimate things

• River from Eden Genesis 2:10 (Jahwist Source)
• Water from rock Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source)
• Sunrise Judges 5:31; Genesis 19:23
• A lot proceeding Joshua 16:1 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code)

g. With emphasis on origin or source

• Providential arrangement Genesis 24:50 (Jahwist Source)
• Words from the mouth Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 55:11

h. Of children and birth

• From the loins 2 Samuel 7:12; Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• From the womb Numbers 12:12 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Jeremiah 1:5

2. Movement and Purpose

a. Go forth to a place: Genesis 27:3 (Jahwist Source).

b. Purpose/Result: Army marching out 1 Samuel 17:20; God going before people Judges 4:14; Psalm 68:8.

3. Combinations

יצא ובא — to go out and come in (active undertakings): Numbers 27:17; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 14:11.

Hiphil: Cause to go or come out, lead out

1. Of persons and animals

• Bringing out of Egypt Exodus 3:10 (Elohist Source); Exodus 20:2 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 5:6 (Deuteronomic Source); Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leading an army 2 Samuel 10:16.
• Putting away wives Ezra 10:3.
• Animals from the ark Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code).

2. Figurative deliverance

• From distress Psalm 25:17; Psalm 142:8.

3. Inanimate objects

• Carry out vessels 2 Kings 24:13; Ezra 1:7.
• Produce or generate Genesis 1:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 61:11.
• Speak or publish report Numbers 13:32; Deuteronomy 22:14.

Hophal: Be brought forth

• Genesis 38:25 (Jahwist Source) Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת.
• Jeremiah 38:22 plural מוּצָאוֺת.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ SI: Siloam Inscription.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

אלהם אֲלֵהֶם

toward themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

שמעון שִׁמְעוֹן׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמעון

Shimʻôwn

Definition

Shimon, one of Jacob's sons, also the tribe descended from him

Root

from H8085 (שמע); hearing;

Exhaustive

from שמע; hearing; Shimon, one of Jacob's sons, also the tribe descended from him; Simeon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8095

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁמְעוֹן

noun proper masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1452

Hearing, or a famous one. The founder of a tribe and the name of a district in Palestine. Greek Σιμεών and Συμεών.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שִׁמְעוֹן

proper name • Root שמע • Page 688

a hearing. Simeon, proper name of a son of Jacob by Leah, and progenitor of the tribe which is named from him. Gen. 29: 33. Josh. 19: 1—9.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8095

I. שִׁמְעוֺן (approximate number of occurrences: 44) proper name, masculine — Simeon.

Cognates and Etymology:

• Palmyrene שמעון¹
• Meaning doubtful; some compare with سمعون said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf²

1. Second son of Jacob and Leah

(Greek Συμεων):

• Genesis 29:33 (name explanation from שָׁמַע)
• Genesis 35:23
• Exodus 1:2 (and 14 times)
• Associated especially with Levi: Genesis 34:25, 30; Genesis 49:5

2. Tribal name

• Judges 1:3 (twice)
• Judges 1:17
• Numbers 1:6 + etc.
• As בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֺן: Numbers 1:22 (and 7 times)
• As מַטֵּה שִׁמְעוֺן: Numbers 1:23; Numbers 2:12; Numbers 13:5
• As מַטֵּה בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֺן: Numbers 10:19; Numbers 34:20; Joshua 19:1, 8; Joshua 21:9; 1 Chronicles 6:50

3. Post-exilic Jew with foreign wife

• Ezra 10:31

¹ Lidzbarski, Mark, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), p. 378 (Lzb).

² Hope W. Hogg, "Simeon," in Encyclopædia Biblica, ed. T.K. Cheyne and J.S. Black, vol. iv, col. 4531 (EBiv).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: συμεων

LXX Usage Statistics

H8095:

συμεων 42× (87.7%)

συμεων 4× (8.0%)

RBT Translation:

And he is saying, `Peace to-yourselves, do not be fearing, your elohe and the elohe of your father has given to-yourselves a hidden-place<sup>1272</sup> in your stretched-out-ones, your silver-one has come in toward me.` And he is causing to go out toward them News.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he will say, Peace to you, ye shall not be afraid; your God, and the God of your father, gave to you treasure in your sacks: your silver came to me. And he brought forth to them. Simeon.

LITV Translation:
And he said, Peace to you; do not fear; your God and the God of your father has given a treasure to you in your sacks; your silver came to me. And he brought Simeon out to them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he said to them, God deal mercifully with you; be not afraid; your God, and the God of your fathers, has given you treasures in your sacks, and I have enough of your good money. And he brought Simeon out to them.

Footnotes

1272

Genesis 43:23

Strong’s #4301, matmon. Or matmon {mat-mone'}; or matmun {mat-moon'}; from taman; a secret storehouse; hence, a secreted valuable (buried); generally money. Occurs only five times. Job 3:21, Prov. 2:4, Isa. 45:3, Jer. 41:8. See taman (#2934) to conceal, hide.