Genesis 24:25

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ותאמר וַתֹּאמֶר

and she is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אליו אֵלָיו

toward himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

גם גַּם־

also

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גם

gam

Definition

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

Root

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

Exhaustive

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather; properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and; again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and, but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1571

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּם

conjunct. / substantive • Root גמם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

A multifaceted particle. 1. As an unused substantive, it meant assembly, congregation, or heap. 2. As a conjunction, it means: a) also, adding to something preceding; b) in corresponding clauses, 'as well...as' or 'not only...but also'; c) for emphasis, meaning 'even', 'truly', or 'really'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גַּם

primitive particle • Root גם • Page 142

1. Conj. cop. also, and (Joel 1: 12). 2. At the beginning of a sentence, yea! (Job 18: 5). 3. Conj. concess. although (Ps. 95: 9). 4. Conj. advers. yet (Ps. 129: 2). 5. both...and, as well...as (Gen. 24: 25).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1571

I. גַּם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) adverb — also, moreover, yea.

Cognates:

• Moabite id.¹
• Zinjirli (Lzb² Cooke³)
• Probably akin to root גמם
• Compare גֹּם (accusative) in a mass, altogether

1. Also, moreover

Emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following:

• Genesis 3:6 (+ וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ)
• Genesis 3:27
• Genesis 7:3
• Genesis 19:21
• Genesis 24:19
• Genesis 26:21
• Genesis 29:27
• Genesis 30:15
• Genesis 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה; so Esther 7:9)
• Genesis 48:11
• Exodus 8:28
• Exodus 12:32
• Deuteronomy 1:37
• 1 Samuel 28:20
• 2 Samuel 11:12
• 2 Kings 9:27
• Isaiah 7:13 +

a. Before pronouns

• Genesis 4:4 (וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא)
• Genesis 20:5 (וְהִיא גַּם הִוא)
• Genesis 20:6
• Genesis 27:31 (וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא)
• Genesis 30:8
• Deuteronomy 3:20
• Judges 3:31
• Judges 6:35
• Judges 9:19
• 1 Samuel 19:20–24
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:26 etc. (compare Moabite Inscription¹ line 6 ויאמר גם הא)

b. In Genealogies of J⁴

• Genesis 4:22
• Genesis 4:26
• Genesis 10:21
• Genesis 19:38
• Genesis 22:20
• Genesis 22:24
• Judges 8:31

c. Beginning sentence with emphasis

In elevated style, thou (they) also:

• Isaiah 14:10
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:7
• Ezekiel 16:52
• Nahum 3:11

d. After a pronoun in an oblique case⁵

• Genesis 27:34
• 1 Samuel 19:23
• 2 Samuel 17:5
• Jeremiah 25:14
• Jeremiah 27:7 +

e. With conjunction וְגַם and also

• Genesis 6:4
• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 15:14
• Genesis 17:16
• Genesis 20:12
• Genesis 24:14
• Genesis 24:46
• Genesis 30:6
• Genesis 37:7
• Genesis 38:24
• Genesis 42:28
• Exodus 2:19
• Exodus 3:9
• Exodus 4:14
• Joshua 7:11
• 1 Samuel 4:17
• 1 Kings 21:19 +
• With a negative = neither: Exodus 5:2; Exodus 34:3

f. Correlative גַּם ... גַּם (both ... and)

• Genesis 44:16
• Genesis 47:3
• Genesis 47:19
• Numbers 18:3
• Jeremiah 51:12
• Psalm 49:3
• Threefold: Genesis 24:25; Judges 8:22; Ecclesiastes 9:6
• With negative (neither ... nor): Numbers 23:25; 1 Samuel 20:27; 1 Kings 3:26; Genesis 43:8; Exodus 4:10; 1 Samuel 28:6
• Rarely גַּם ... וְגַם: Genesis 24:44; Exodus 10:25–26; 1 Samuel 2:26; 1 Samuel 12:14; 1 Samuel 26:25; with negative 1 Samuel 21:9

2. With stress on a particular word

even:

• Exodus 4:9
• Numbers 22:33 (גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain)
• 2 Samuel 17:10
• Jeremiah 2:33
• Psalm 132:12
• Proverbs 14:13 (even in laughter)
• Proverbs 14:20
• Proverbs 17:28
• Proverbs 20:11
• Ruth 2:15
• Nehemiah 3:35
• After כִּי (for even): Deuteronomy 12:31; 1 Samuel 22:17; Isaiah 26:12; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 12:6; Jeremiah 14:5; Hosea 9:12 (כִּי גַם אוֺי לָהֶם)
• With interrogative הֲגַם: Genesis 16:13; 1 Samuel 10:11–12; 1 Samuel 19:24; 1 Kings 17:20; Psalm 78:20; Job 41:1; Esther 7:8

a. Other emphatic cases

• 1 Samuel 24:12 (רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see!)
• Psalm 118:11
• Job 2:10 (גַּם אֶת־הַטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל)
• Job 21:7
• Emphasizing כֹּל: Deuteronomy 28:61; Judges 9:49; 1 Samuel 22:7 (גַּם לְכֻלְּכֶם); 2 Samuel 19:31 (גַּם אֶת הַכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח)
• Emphasizing אֶחָד: 2 Samuel 17:12 (גַּם אֶחָד even one); Psalm 14:3 (אֵין גַּם אֶחָד)
• With infinitive or cognate accusative: Genesis 31:15; Genesis 46:4; Numbers 11:15; Numbers 16:13; 1 Samuel 1:6
• Idiomatic גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם (even both, German alle beide): Genesis 27:45; Deuteronomy 22:22; Deuteronomy 23:19; 1 Samuel 25:43; Proverbs 17:15; Proverbs 20:10, 12; Ruth 1:5

3. Introducing a climax

yea, especially in rhetorical style:

• Genesis 27:33
• Deuteronomy 23:3
• Deuteronomy 23:4
• Judges 5:4
• Isaiah 13:3
• Isaiah 14:8
• Isaiah 43:13
• Isaiah 44:12 (גַּם רָעֵב)
• Isaiah 47:3
• Isaiah 48:8
• Isaiah 57:7
• Jeremiah 46:16
• Jeremiah 48:2
• Jeremiah 51:44
• Hosea 7:9
• Psalm 41:10
• Psalm 84:7
• Psalm 139:12
• Isaiah 66:8 (כִּי חָ֫לָה גַּם יָלְדָה)
• Jeremiah 5:28
• Jeremiah 12:2
• Ezekiel 24:5
• Songs 8:1
• Emphasizing extreme case (yea, even): Isaiah 49:15; Jeremiah 8:17; Isaiah 23:12 (גַּם שָׁם); Psalm 139:10; Isaiah 49:25; Isaiah 57:6; Jeremiah 23:11; Malachi 3:15; Psalm 84:4

4. Expressing correspondence

In the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי (I also, on my part):

• Genesis 20:6
• Joshua 24:18
• Judges 2:21
• 1 Samuel 1:28⁶
• 1 Samuel 28:22 (גַּם אַתָּה)
• 2 Samuel 12:13 (Yahweh also)
• 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• Isaiah 31:2
• Isaiah 66:3–4
• Jeremiah 2:36
• Jeremiah 4:12
• Jeremiah 7:11
• Jeremiah 51:49
• Ezekiel 5:8, 11
• Ezekiel 16:43 (וְגַם therefore also)
• Ezekiel 23:35
• Hosea 4:6
• Psalm 52:7 (גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also)
• Psalm 71:22
• Psalm 133:1
• Proverbs 1:26
• Job 7:11
• Job 12:3
• Job 16:4
• With וְגַם: Judges 2:3; Amos 4:6–7; Micah 6:13; Malachi 2:9

a. In the apodosis (uncommon)

• Genesis 13:16 (if ... גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה)
• Jeremiah 31:36, 37
• Jeremiah 33:21, 26
• Zechariah 8:6
• Correspondence as a climax: Genesis 27:33; Genesis 30:8 (גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי); 1 Kings 22:22; Jeremiah 50:24; Isaiah 66:8

5. Adversative force

Connecting two ideas which express or imply a contradiction, acquires force of yet, but, though:

• Psalm 95:9 (tried me, but also [Che⁷] saw my work)
• Psalm 129:2
• Jeremiah 6:15 (= Jeremiah 8:12)
• Ezekiel 20:23
• Ecclesiastes 4:8, 16
• Ecclesiastes 5:18
• Nehemiah 6:1
• With וְגַם: Ezekiel 16:28; Ezekiel 20:15; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Nehemiah 5:8

6. Combinations

a. גַּם כִּי

• (With imperfect) yea, when: Lamentations 3:8
• even when: Proverbs 22:6
• yea though (imagined case): Isaiah 1:15; Hosea 8:10; Hosea 9:16; Psalm 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Ecclesiastes 8:17)
• also (is it) that: Ruth 2:21

b. כִּי גַם

• for even (see Section 2 above)
• though even, although (conceding a fact): Ecclesiastes 4:14 (De⁸); Ecclesiastes 8:12

¹ Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² Mark Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

³ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (Cooke).

⁴ Karl Budde, Die biblische Urgeschichte (Bu).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁷ T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms.

⁸ Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on Ecclesiastes.

⁹ Hermann Hupfeld, Quæstiones in Jobi librum.

Adverb

LXX: καὶ γε --- κἀγὼ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1571:

καὶ 383× (57.4%)

γε 124× (15.6%)

--- 56× (8.4%)

κἀγὼ 18× (2.7%)

'' 17× (2.2%)

οὐδὲ 11× (1.6%)

καίγε 6× (0.9%)

οὔτε 5× (0.7%)

ἐὰν 4× (0.5%)

dκαὶ 4× (0.6%)

תבן תֶּבֶן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תבן

teben

Definition

properly, material, i.e. (specifically) refuse haum or stalks of grain (as chopped in threshing and used for fodder)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

probably from בנה; properly, material, i.e. (specifically) refuse haum or stalks of grain (as chopped in threshing and used for fodder); chaff, straw, stubble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8401

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תִּבֵּן

verb • Root תבן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1379

To sell straw (denominative from תֶּבֶן straw).

Matched via consonantal key only

תֶבֶן

m. prop. • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1498

m. prop. a dry, withered stalk; hence straw, as food for cattle Is. 11, 7 and 65, 25, or as provender, coupled with מִסְפּוֹא Gen. 24, 25 32, Judges 19, 19, as chopped straw Jer. 23, 28, for mixing with clay for bricks Ex. 5, 7 10 12, opp. קַשׁ Jer. 1. c.; chaff Job 21, 18; generally = קַשׁ 41, 19; 21, 18; Arab. תִּבֶּן straw, litter, Aramaean תִּבְנָא, חֲבִנְתָּא Malt. tyben, denom. תִּבֵּן, Talm. תֶּבֶן.

Matched via consonantal key only

תָּבַן

verb intransitive • Root תבן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1498

I. (not used) intrans. to be dry, sapless, hard, of stalks; cognate in sense to קָמֵשׁ to קָשַׁשׁ to חָשַׁשׁ. Deriv. חֶבֶל. A derivation from חָבָל to divide, to cut off, whence חֲבָלִים cuttings of grasses, rushes, is less probable.

Matched via consonantal key only

תָבַן

verb • Root בין • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1498

II. (not used) intr. same as בִּין to see into, to understand, to observe, to know, Ar. טַבַן, טִבּן the same; con-seq. enlarged from בִּין (בָּנַן), in the fundamental signification "to separate". Deriv. תְּבוּנָה and the proper name חָבִיר.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֶּבֶן

noun masculine • Page 706

straw, which by threshing was broken into small pieces; used as fodder. Job 21: 18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8401

I. תֶּ֫בֶן noun masculine — straw (root unknown; Gesenius and others compare בנה¹, but see Lagarde²).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian tibnu
• Aramaic תִּיבְנָא
• Syriac תבנא
• Arabic تبن (as loan-word³)

— תֶּ֫בֶן absolute Genesis 24:25 +; תֶּ֑בֶן Exodus 5:10 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Straw threshed fine: chaff

• Jeremiah 23:28 (opposed to בָּר)
• Job 21:28 (in simile; parallel to מֹץ)
• Job 41:19 (simile)

b. Food for animals

• Genesis 24:25, 32 (Jehovist Source)
• Judges 19:19 (all + מִסְמּוֺא)
• Isaiah 11:7; Isaiah 65:25 (+ בָּקָר)
• 1 Kings 5:8 (+ שְׂעֹרִים)

c. Mixed with clay in brick-making

• Exodus 5:7 (twice in verse)
• Exodus 5:10–12 (opposed to קַשׂ)
• Exodus 5:13
• Exodus 5:16
• Exodus 5:18 (Jehovist Source)

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti (1829–1858).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 138.

³ Siegmund Fraenkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (1886), 124.

⁴ Hermann Vogelstein, Die Landwirtschaft in Palästina zur Zeit der Mišnah (1894), 67.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄχυρα ἄχυρον

LXX Usage Statistics

H8401:

ἄχυρα 10× (57.7%)

ἄχυρον 7× (36.3%)

גם גַּם־

also

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גם

gam

Definition

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

Root

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

Exhaustive

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather; properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and; again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and, but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1571

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּם

conjunct. / substantive • Root גמם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

A multifaceted particle. 1. As an unused substantive, it meant assembly, congregation, or heap. 2. As a conjunction, it means: a) also, adding to something preceding; b) in corresponding clauses, 'as well...as' or 'not only...but also'; c) for emphasis, meaning 'even', 'truly', or 'really'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גַּם

primitive particle • Root גם • Page 142

1. Conj. cop. also, and (Joel 1: 12). 2. At the beginning of a sentence, yea! (Job 18: 5). 3. Conj. concess. although (Ps. 95: 9). 4. Conj. advers. yet (Ps. 129: 2). 5. both...and, as well...as (Gen. 24: 25).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1571

I. גַּם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) adverb — also, moreover, yea.

Cognates:

• Moabite id.¹
• Zinjirli (Lzb² Cooke³)
• Probably akin to root גמם
• Compare גֹּם (accusative) in a mass, altogether

1. Also, moreover

Emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following:

• Genesis 3:6 (+ וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ)
• Genesis 3:27
• Genesis 7:3
• Genesis 19:21
• Genesis 24:19
• Genesis 26:21
• Genesis 29:27
• Genesis 30:15
• Genesis 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה; so Esther 7:9)
• Genesis 48:11
• Exodus 8:28
• Exodus 12:32
• Deuteronomy 1:37
• 1 Samuel 28:20
• 2 Samuel 11:12
• 2 Kings 9:27
• Isaiah 7:13 +

a. Before pronouns

• Genesis 4:4 (וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא)
• Genesis 20:5 (וְהִיא גַּם הִוא)
• Genesis 20:6
• Genesis 27:31 (וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא)
• Genesis 30:8
• Deuteronomy 3:20
• Judges 3:31
• Judges 6:35
• Judges 9:19
• 1 Samuel 19:20–24
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:26 etc. (compare Moabite Inscription¹ line 6 ויאמר גם הא)

b. In Genealogies of J⁴

• Genesis 4:22
• Genesis 4:26
• Genesis 10:21
• Genesis 19:38
• Genesis 22:20
• Genesis 22:24
• Judges 8:31

c. Beginning sentence with emphasis

In elevated style, thou (they) also:

• Isaiah 14:10
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:7
• Ezekiel 16:52
• Nahum 3:11

d. After a pronoun in an oblique case⁵

• Genesis 27:34
• 1 Samuel 19:23
• 2 Samuel 17:5
• Jeremiah 25:14
• Jeremiah 27:7 +

e. With conjunction וְגַם and also

• Genesis 6:4
• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 15:14
• Genesis 17:16
• Genesis 20:12
• Genesis 24:14
• Genesis 24:46
• Genesis 30:6
• Genesis 37:7
• Genesis 38:24
• Genesis 42:28
• Exodus 2:19
• Exodus 3:9
• Exodus 4:14
• Joshua 7:11
• 1 Samuel 4:17
• 1 Kings 21:19 +
• With a negative = neither: Exodus 5:2; Exodus 34:3

f. Correlative גַּם ... גַּם (both ... and)

• Genesis 44:16
• Genesis 47:3
• Genesis 47:19
• Numbers 18:3
• Jeremiah 51:12
• Psalm 49:3
• Threefold: Genesis 24:25; Judges 8:22; Ecclesiastes 9:6
• With negative (neither ... nor): Numbers 23:25; 1 Samuel 20:27; 1 Kings 3:26; Genesis 43:8; Exodus 4:10; 1 Samuel 28:6
• Rarely גַּם ... וְגַם: Genesis 24:44; Exodus 10:25–26; 1 Samuel 2:26; 1 Samuel 12:14; 1 Samuel 26:25; with negative 1 Samuel 21:9

2. With stress on a particular word

even:

• Exodus 4:9
• Numbers 22:33 (גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain)
• 2 Samuel 17:10
• Jeremiah 2:33
• Psalm 132:12
• Proverbs 14:13 (even in laughter)
• Proverbs 14:20
• Proverbs 17:28
• Proverbs 20:11
• Ruth 2:15
• Nehemiah 3:35
• After כִּי (for even): Deuteronomy 12:31; 1 Samuel 22:17; Isaiah 26:12; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 12:6; Jeremiah 14:5; Hosea 9:12 (כִּי גַם אוֺי לָהֶם)
• With interrogative הֲגַם: Genesis 16:13; 1 Samuel 10:11–12; 1 Samuel 19:24; 1 Kings 17:20; Psalm 78:20; Job 41:1; Esther 7:8

a. Other emphatic cases

• 1 Samuel 24:12 (רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see!)
• Psalm 118:11
• Job 2:10 (גַּם אֶת־הַטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל)
• Job 21:7
• Emphasizing כֹּל: Deuteronomy 28:61; Judges 9:49; 1 Samuel 22:7 (גַּם לְכֻלְּכֶם); 2 Samuel 19:31 (גַּם אֶת הַכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח)
• Emphasizing אֶחָד: 2 Samuel 17:12 (גַּם אֶחָד even one); Psalm 14:3 (אֵין גַּם אֶחָד)
• With infinitive or cognate accusative: Genesis 31:15; Genesis 46:4; Numbers 11:15; Numbers 16:13; 1 Samuel 1:6
• Idiomatic גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם (even both, German alle beide): Genesis 27:45; Deuteronomy 22:22; Deuteronomy 23:19; 1 Samuel 25:43; Proverbs 17:15; Proverbs 20:10, 12; Ruth 1:5

3. Introducing a climax

yea, especially in rhetorical style:

• Genesis 27:33
• Deuteronomy 23:3
• Deuteronomy 23:4
• Judges 5:4
• Isaiah 13:3
• Isaiah 14:8
• Isaiah 43:13
• Isaiah 44:12 (גַּם רָעֵב)
• Isaiah 47:3
• Isaiah 48:8
• Isaiah 57:7
• Jeremiah 46:16
• Jeremiah 48:2
• Jeremiah 51:44
• Hosea 7:9
• Psalm 41:10
• Psalm 84:7
• Psalm 139:12
• Isaiah 66:8 (כִּי חָ֫לָה גַּם יָלְדָה)
• Jeremiah 5:28
• Jeremiah 12:2
• Ezekiel 24:5
• Songs 8:1
• Emphasizing extreme case (yea, even): Isaiah 49:15; Jeremiah 8:17; Isaiah 23:12 (גַּם שָׁם); Psalm 139:10; Isaiah 49:25; Isaiah 57:6; Jeremiah 23:11; Malachi 3:15; Psalm 84:4

4. Expressing correspondence

In the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי (I also, on my part):

• Genesis 20:6
• Joshua 24:18
• Judges 2:21
• 1 Samuel 1:28⁶
• 1 Samuel 28:22 (גַּם אַתָּה)
• 2 Samuel 12:13 (Yahweh also)
• 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• Isaiah 31:2
• Isaiah 66:3–4
• Jeremiah 2:36
• Jeremiah 4:12
• Jeremiah 7:11
• Jeremiah 51:49
• Ezekiel 5:8, 11
• Ezekiel 16:43 (וְגַם therefore also)
• Ezekiel 23:35
• Hosea 4:6
• Psalm 52:7 (גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also)
• Psalm 71:22
• Psalm 133:1
• Proverbs 1:26
• Job 7:11
• Job 12:3
• Job 16:4
• With וְגַם: Judges 2:3; Amos 4:6–7; Micah 6:13; Malachi 2:9

a. In the apodosis (uncommon)

• Genesis 13:16 (if ... גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה)
• Jeremiah 31:36, 37
• Jeremiah 33:21, 26
• Zechariah 8:6
• Correspondence as a climax: Genesis 27:33; Genesis 30:8 (גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי); 1 Kings 22:22; Jeremiah 50:24; Isaiah 66:8

5. Adversative force

Connecting two ideas which express or imply a contradiction, acquires force of yet, but, though:

• Psalm 95:9 (tried me, but also [Che⁷] saw my work)
• Psalm 129:2
• Jeremiah 6:15 (= Jeremiah 8:12)
• Ezekiel 20:23
• Ecclesiastes 4:8, 16
• Ecclesiastes 5:18
• Nehemiah 6:1
• With וְגַם: Ezekiel 16:28; Ezekiel 20:15; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Nehemiah 5:8

6. Combinations

a. גַּם כִּי

• (With imperfect) yea, when: Lamentations 3:8
• even when: Proverbs 22:6
• yea though (imagined case): Isaiah 1:15; Hosea 8:10; Hosea 9:16; Psalm 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Ecclesiastes 8:17)
• also (is it) that: Ruth 2:21

b. כִּי גַם

• for even (see Section 2 above)
• though even, although (conceding a fact): Ecclesiastes 4:14 (De⁸); Ecclesiastes 8:12

¹ Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² Mark Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

³ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (Cooke).

⁴ Karl Budde, Die biblische Urgeschichte (Bu).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁷ T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms.

⁸ Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on Ecclesiastes.

⁹ Hermann Hupfeld, Quæstiones in Jobi librum.

Adverb

LXX: καὶ γε --- κἀγὼ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1571:

καὶ 383× (57.4%)

γε 124× (15.6%)

--- 56× (8.4%)

κἀγὼ 18× (2.7%)

'' 17× (2.2%)

οὐδὲ 11× (1.6%)

καίγε 6× (0.9%)

οὔτε 5× (0.7%)

ἐὰν 4× (0.5%)

dκαὶ 4× (0.6%)

מספוא מִסְפּוֹא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מספוא

miçpôwʼ

Definition

fodder

Root

from an unused root meaning to collect;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to collect; fodder; provender.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4554

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִסְפּוֹא

noun / masculine • Root ספא • Strongs / High • Page 878

Properly hodge-podge, hence fodder for cattle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִסְפּוֹא

noun masculine • Root ספא • Page 389

Fodder, provender, for cattle. (Gen. 24:25, 32; 42:47; 43:24).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4554

מִסְפּוֹא noun masculine — fodder.

— always absolute מִסְפּוֹא Genesis 24:25, elsewhere object of נָתַן Genesis 24:32, Genesis 43:24 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 42:27 (Elohist Source), Judges 19:19.

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χορτάσματα

LXX Usage Statistics

H4554:

χορτάσματα 5× (100.0%)

רב רַב

multiplying one/abundantly

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7227

I. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 429) adjective — much, many, great.

— רַב masculine singular absolute Genesis 24:25 +; רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +; רַבָּ֫תִי (compare GKC¹ §90 k 1) Lamentations 1:1; masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2 +; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Genesis 30:43 +.

1. Much or Many

a. much (of substances)

• 1 Kings 10:2 (gold)
• Psalm 19:11
• 2 Kings 12:11 (silver)

b. many (persons or things)

• Exodus 5:5
• 1 Kings 4:20
• Genesis 21:34 (יָמִים רַבִּים many days)
• Numbers 20:11 (מַיִם רַבִּים many waters)
• Daniel 11:41 (noun omitted; understood as lands)

c. as substantive collective

• Exodus 19:21 (many people)
• 1 Samuel 14:6 (opposed to מְעַט)
• Ezekiel 24:12 (much)

d. construct meaning abounding in

• רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Proverbs 28:20
• רַב־חֶסֶד Exodus 34:6
• רַב־כֹּחַ Psalm 147:5
• רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 Samuel 2:5

e. with comparison (מִן)

• Exodus 1:9 (more numerous than)
• Genesis 36:7 (too many to)

f. abundant or enough

• Genesis 45:28 (רַב enough!)
• Deuteronomy 3:26 (רַב־לָךְ let it suffice thee)
• Numbers 16:3 (ye assume too much)

g. as adverb: much, exceedingly (only in Psalms)

• Psalm 123:3
• Psalm 62:3 (רַבָּה)
• Psalm 65:10 (רַבַּת Aramaism)

2. Great

a. of space and magnitude

• Genesis 7:11 (the great deep)
• Lamentations 1:1 (great city)
• Genesis 6:5 (great wickedness)

b. specifically strong

• 2 Chronicles 14:10 (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ)
• Isaiah 63:1 (רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ mighty to save)

c. of age (major natu)

• Genesis 25:23 (the elder, opposed to צָעִיר)
• Job 32:9 (as substantive: the aged)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

II. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun masculine — chief.

Cognates:

• Assyrian-Babylonian rab
• Aramaic רַב

— construct רַב Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13, Jeremiah 41:1.

1. Meaning and Uses

a. Titles of officers

• רַב טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen Jeremiah 39:9, 2 Kings 25:8 +
• רַב הַחֹבֵל chief of the sailors (captain) Jonah 1:6
• רַב־מָג chief soothsayer (or rab-mugi) Jeremiah 39:3
• רַב־סָרִיס chief eunuch (or rabû-ša-rêši) 2 Kings 18:17, Jeremiah 39:13
• רַבְשָׁקֵה chief of the officers (Assyrian rab-šakû) 2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 36:2 +

b. General usage

• Esther 1:8 (כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ every officer of his house)
• Daniel 1:3 (רַב סָרִיסָיו)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

עמנו עִמָּנוּ

in company with ourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻim

Definition

adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5973

נו

Definition

us, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9035

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִם

name element • Root אם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

(In united words like עַמִּי, עֲמִדָּה). Element peculiar to personal names, generally referring to God, signifying uniter, gatherer, binder together, or family-founder. Interchangeable with אֵל, אָב, אָח, and אִם.

עִם

particle / preposition / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

A particle/preposition meaning with, cum, beside, by, expressing communion, union, conjunction, or accompaniment. Also functions as a sign of coordination (and).

עִם

preposition / adverb / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Among, between, inter, in medio, apud, with; in the midst of; notwithstanding. (When combined with מִן (מֵעִם): away from, from near, out of the possession of, from, according to the mind of.)

עִם

aramaic preposition / conjunction (aramaic) • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Aramaic preposition/conjunction: together with; with (e.g., the clouds of heaven, meaning riding on a cloud); of time, so long as, as long as, like; by (e.g., by night).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִם

preposition • Page 512

used only as a preposition. 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. עִם זֶה with all this, notwithstanding this, Neh. 5: 18. עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ so long as the sun shall endure, Ps. 72: 5. 2. before; e. g. עִם אֵל before God, Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 3. against; e. g. נִלְחַם עִם to fight against.

עִם

preposition • Page 513

with; also in, e.g. עִם לֵילְיָא in the night (Dan. 7:2); עִם דָּר וְדָר so long as the generations of men last (Dan. 3:33, 4:31).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5973

I. עִם preposition — with.

Cognates:

• Aramaic עִם
• Sabean עם^1,2
• Arabic مَعَ³

— suffix עִמִּי (46 times) and עִמָּדִי (45 times) (probably akin to Arabic עִנְדַ side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, 12, 14; Exodus 33:12; Leviticus 26:21, 23, 27, 40 (Holiness Code); Numbers 22:19; etc.); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1 Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם (27 times) (Genesis 18:16 etc.); and עִמָּהֶם (23 times) (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16; Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4; etc.):

1. Of fellowship and companionship

(Latin cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24; often peculiar to Chronicles and Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם 1 Chronicles 12:34; 1 Chronicles 13:2; 1 Chronicles 15:8, Ezra 8:13, 14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2); so ועמו 1 Chronicles 12:28; 2 Chronicles 17:14–18; Ezra 8:3–12. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Ecclesiastes 7:11; 2 Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, Psalm 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Songs 4:13 כפרים עם נרדים. Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Psalm 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalm 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו; in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, 2 Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת.

a. of aid

• Exodus 23:5
• Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך
• Isaiah 8:10 כי עמנו אל
• Psalm 46:8
• With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה

b. Of actions done jointly

• ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10
• כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28
• חָלַק עם share with, Joshua 22:8

c. Of a contest or combat

עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁמַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive.

• Genesis 32:29
• Isaiah 3:14 בּא בְּמִשְׁמָּט עם
• Psalm 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers
• Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him

d. Of dealing or relation

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another:

• עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regularly used, Genesis 19:19; 1 Samuel 20:14)
• דִּבֶּר עם to speak with Exodus 19:9
• תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13
• Psalm 73:22 toward thee

e. Of a common lot

• Genesis 18:23 צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked
• Psalm 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו
• Ecclesiastes 2:16 הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool

f. Of equality or resemblance

• Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by as swiftly as skiffs of reed
• נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalm 28:1

g. Of time

• Psalm 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth
• Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (at the time of)

2. Of a locality

Close to, beside:

• Genesis 25:11 עם באר לחי ראי beside the well
• Genesis 35:4 אשׁר עם שׁכם
• 2 Samuel 6:7 שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן האלהים
• Deuteronomy 5:28 עֲמֹד מֹּה עמדי by me

3. Of persons

a. In the house or service of

(apud, chez):

• Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך
• Genesis 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ
• Genesis 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee

b. In the possession of

(Latin penes):

• Genesis 24:25 עִמָּנוּ (straw is with us)
• Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי stored up with
• Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה

c. In the custody or care of

• 1 Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּךְ
• 1 Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי

d. Beside = except

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי
• Psalm 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not

e. Friendly with

• Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי
• Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּךְ

4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose

a. עִם לְבַב פ

• Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart
• 1 Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד it was David's purpose
• Psalm 77:7 muse or talk with one's heart

b. עִם alone = in one's consciousness

• Numbers 14:24 רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind
• Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that this was thy purpose
• 1 Samuel 2:26 טוֺב עִם in the judgment of

5. Metaphorical usage

Together with = in spite of, notwithstanding:

• Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה

מֵעִם

— מֵעִם (72 times) from with or beside (= Greek παρὰ with a genitive):

a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc.

• Genesis 13:14 הִמָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ
• 1 Samuel 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ורוח יהוה
• Isaiah 7:11 after שׁאל to ask
• Exodus 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (sq. place)

b. with terms of kindness or names

• Genesis 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי
• Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם

c. From the possession or custody of

• Genesis 31:31 with גזל
• Leviticus 25:41 with יצא (subject a slave)

d. Expressing origination or authorship

• 1 Samuel 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ
• Genesis 41:32 נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם האלהים established from, on the part of, God
• Psalm 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם יהוה

Aramaic

I. עִם (approximate number of occurrences: 22) preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם).

1. literally with
   • suffix עִמִּי Daniel 3:32
   • suffix עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13
   • suffix עִמֵהּ Daniel 2:22
   • suffix עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2
2. Uses
   • a. together with: Daniel 2:18, 43; Daniel 7:13 עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא
   • b. to speak with: Daniel 6:22; war with Daniel 7:21; do with (= towards) Daniel 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי
3. of time
   • Daniel 3:33 = 4:31 עִם דָּר וְדָר (as long as)
   • Daniel 7:2 עִם לֵילְיָא during the night

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Fritz Hommel, Süd-arabische Chrestomathie (1893).

³ Franz Praetorius, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 26.

⁴ William Wright, Arabic Grammar, ed. W. Robertson Smith and M. J. de Goeje, 3rd ed. (WAG).

Preposition Suffix pronominal first person both plural

LXX: μετὰ μετ' μεθ' ἐμοῦ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5973a:

μετὰ 252× (26.0%)

μετ' 226× (22.7%)

μεθ' 68× (6.9%)

ἐμοῦ 55× (4.8%)

--- 31× (3.2%)

παρὰ 30× (3.1%)

παρ' 24× (2.5%)

πρὸσ 23× (2.4%)

'' 22× (1.9%)

ἀπὸ 20× (2.1%)

גם גַּם־

also

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גם

gam

Definition

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

Root

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

Exhaustive

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather; properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and; again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and, but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1571

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּם

conjunct. / substantive • Root גמם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

A multifaceted particle. 1. As an unused substantive, it meant assembly, congregation, or heap. 2. As a conjunction, it means: a) also, adding to something preceding; b) in corresponding clauses, 'as well...as' or 'not only...but also'; c) for emphasis, meaning 'even', 'truly', or 'really'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גַּם

primitive particle • Root גם • Page 142

1. Conj. cop. also, and (Joel 1: 12). 2. At the beginning of a sentence, yea! (Job 18: 5). 3. Conj. concess. although (Ps. 95: 9). 4. Conj. advers. yet (Ps. 129: 2). 5. both...and, as well...as (Gen. 24: 25).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1571

I. גַּם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) adverb — also, moreover, yea.

Cognates:

• Moabite id.¹
• Zinjirli (Lzb² Cooke³)
• Probably akin to root גמם
• Compare גֹּם (accusative) in a mass, altogether

1. Also, moreover

Emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following:

• Genesis 3:6 (+ וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ)
• Genesis 3:27
• Genesis 7:3
• Genesis 19:21
• Genesis 24:19
• Genesis 26:21
• Genesis 29:27
• Genesis 30:15
• Genesis 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה; so Esther 7:9)
• Genesis 48:11
• Exodus 8:28
• Exodus 12:32
• Deuteronomy 1:37
• 1 Samuel 28:20
• 2 Samuel 11:12
• 2 Kings 9:27
• Isaiah 7:13 +

a. Before pronouns

• Genesis 4:4 (וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא)
• Genesis 20:5 (וְהִיא גַּם הִוא)
• Genesis 20:6
• Genesis 27:31 (וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא)
• Genesis 30:8
• Deuteronomy 3:20
• Judges 3:31
• Judges 6:35
• Judges 9:19
• 1 Samuel 19:20–24
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:26 etc. (compare Moabite Inscription¹ line 6 ויאמר גם הא)

b. In Genealogies of J⁴

• Genesis 4:22
• Genesis 4:26
• Genesis 10:21
• Genesis 19:38
• Genesis 22:20
• Genesis 22:24
• Judges 8:31

c. Beginning sentence with emphasis

In elevated style, thou (they) also:

• Isaiah 14:10
• Jeremiah 12:6
• Jeremiah 48:7
• Ezekiel 16:52
• Nahum 3:11

d. After a pronoun in an oblique case⁵

• Genesis 27:34
• 1 Samuel 19:23
• 2 Samuel 17:5
• Jeremiah 25:14
• Jeremiah 27:7 +

e. With conjunction וְגַם and also

• Genesis 6:4
• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 15:14
• Genesis 17:16
• Genesis 20:12
• Genesis 24:14
• Genesis 24:46
• Genesis 30:6
• Genesis 37:7
• Genesis 38:24
• Genesis 42:28
• Exodus 2:19
• Exodus 3:9
• Exodus 4:14
• Joshua 7:11
• 1 Samuel 4:17
• 1 Kings 21:19 +
• With a negative = neither: Exodus 5:2; Exodus 34:3

f. Correlative גַּם ... גַּם (both ... and)

• Genesis 44:16
• Genesis 47:3
• Genesis 47:19
• Numbers 18:3
• Jeremiah 51:12
• Psalm 49:3
• Threefold: Genesis 24:25; Judges 8:22; Ecclesiastes 9:6
• With negative (neither ... nor): Numbers 23:25; 1 Samuel 20:27; 1 Kings 3:26; Genesis 43:8; Exodus 4:10; 1 Samuel 28:6
• Rarely גַּם ... וְגַם: Genesis 24:44; Exodus 10:25–26; 1 Samuel 2:26; 1 Samuel 12:14; 1 Samuel 26:25; with negative 1 Samuel 21:9

2. With stress on a particular word

even:

• Exodus 4:9
• Numbers 22:33 (גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain)
• 2 Samuel 17:10
• Jeremiah 2:33
• Psalm 132:12
• Proverbs 14:13 (even in laughter)
• Proverbs 14:20
• Proverbs 17:28
• Proverbs 20:11
• Ruth 2:15
• Nehemiah 3:35
• After כִּי (for even): Deuteronomy 12:31; 1 Samuel 22:17; Isaiah 26:12; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 12:6; Jeremiah 14:5; Hosea 9:12 (כִּי גַם אוֺי לָהֶם)
• With interrogative הֲגַם: Genesis 16:13; 1 Samuel 10:11–12; 1 Samuel 19:24; 1 Kings 17:20; Psalm 78:20; Job 41:1; Esther 7:8

a. Other emphatic cases

• 1 Samuel 24:12 (רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see!)
• Psalm 118:11
• Job 2:10 (גַּם אֶת־הַטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל)
• Job 21:7
• Emphasizing כֹּל: Deuteronomy 28:61; Judges 9:49; 1 Samuel 22:7 (גַּם לְכֻלְּכֶם); 2 Samuel 19:31 (גַּם אֶת הַכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח)
• Emphasizing אֶחָד: 2 Samuel 17:12 (גַּם אֶחָד even one); Psalm 14:3 (אֵין גַּם אֶחָד)
• With infinitive or cognate accusative: Genesis 31:15; Genesis 46:4; Numbers 11:15; Numbers 16:13; 1 Samuel 1:6
• Idiomatic גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם (even both, German alle beide): Genesis 27:45; Deuteronomy 22:22; Deuteronomy 23:19; 1 Samuel 25:43; Proverbs 17:15; Proverbs 20:10, 12; Ruth 1:5

3. Introducing a climax

yea, especially in rhetorical style:

• Genesis 27:33
• Deuteronomy 23:3
• Deuteronomy 23:4
• Judges 5:4
• Isaiah 13:3
• Isaiah 14:8
• Isaiah 43:13
• Isaiah 44:12 (גַּם רָעֵב)
• Isaiah 47:3
• Isaiah 48:8
• Isaiah 57:7
• Jeremiah 46:16
• Jeremiah 48:2
• Jeremiah 51:44
• Hosea 7:9
• Psalm 41:10
• Psalm 84:7
• Psalm 139:12
• Isaiah 66:8 (כִּי חָ֫לָה גַּם יָלְדָה)
• Jeremiah 5:28
• Jeremiah 12:2
• Ezekiel 24:5
• Songs 8:1
• Emphasizing extreme case (yea, even): Isaiah 49:15; Jeremiah 8:17; Isaiah 23:12 (גַּם שָׁם); Psalm 139:10; Isaiah 49:25; Isaiah 57:6; Jeremiah 23:11; Malachi 3:15; Psalm 84:4

4. Expressing correspondence

In the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי (I also, on my part):

• Genesis 20:6
• Joshua 24:18
• Judges 2:21
• 1 Samuel 1:28⁶
• 1 Samuel 28:22 (גַּם אַתָּה)
• 2 Samuel 12:13 (Yahweh also)
• 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• Isaiah 31:2
• Isaiah 66:3–4
• Jeremiah 2:36
• Jeremiah 4:12
• Jeremiah 7:11
• Jeremiah 51:49
• Ezekiel 5:8, 11
• Ezekiel 16:43 (וְגַם therefore also)
• Ezekiel 23:35
• Hosea 4:6
• Psalm 52:7 (גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also)
• Psalm 71:22
• Psalm 133:1
• Proverbs 1:26
• Job 7:11
• Job 12:3
• Job 16:4
• With וְגַם: Judges 2:3; Amos 4:6–7; Micah 6:13; Malachi 2:9

a. In the apodosis (uncommon)

• Genesis 13:16 (if ... גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה)
• Jeremiah 31:36, 37
• Jeremiah 33:21, 26
• Zechariah 8:6
• Correspondence as a climax: Genesis 27:33; Genesis 30:8 (גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי); 1 Kings 22:22; Jeremiah 50:24; Isaiah 66:8

5. Adversative force

Connecting two ideas which express or imply a contradiction, acquires force of yet, but, though:

• Psalm 95:9 (tried me, but also [Che⁷] saw my work)
• Psalm 129:2
• Jeremiah 6:15 (= Jeremiah 8:12)
• Ezekiel 20:23
• Ecclesiastes 4:8, 16
• Ecclesiastes 5:18
• Nehemiah 6:1
• With וְגַם: Ezekiel 16:28; Ezekiel 20:15; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Nehemiah 5:8

6. Combinations

a. גַּם כִּי

• (With imperfect) yea, when: Lamentations 3:8
• even when: Proverbs 22:6
• yea though (imagined case): Isaiah 1:15; Hosea 8:10; Hosea 9:16; Psalm 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Ecclesiastes 8:17)
• also (is it) that: Ruth 2:21

b. כִּי גַם

• for even (see Section 2 above)
• though even, although (conceding a fact): Ecclesiastes 4:14 (De⁸); Ecclesiastes 8:12

¹ Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² Mark Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

³ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (Cooke).

⁴ Karl Budde, Die biblische Urgeschichte (Bu).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁷ T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms.

⁸ Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on Ecclesiastes.

⁹ Hermann Hupfeld, Quæstiones in Jobi librum.

Adverb

LXX: καὶ γε --- κἀγὼ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1571:

καὶ 383× (57.4%)

γε 124× (15.6%)

--- 56× (8.4%)

κἀγὼ 18× (2.7%)

'' 17× (2.2%)

οὐδὲ 11× (1.6%)

καίγε 6× (0.9%)

οὔτε 5× (0.7%)

ἐὰν 4× (0.5%)

dκαὶ 4× (0.6%)

מקום מָקוֹם

a standing-place

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מקום

mâqôwm

Definition

properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)

Root

or מקם; also (feminine) מקומה; or מקמה; from H6965 (קום);

Exhaustive

or מקם; also (feminine) מקומה; or מקמה; from קום; properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind); country, [idiom] home, [idiom] open, place, room, space, [idiom] whither(-soever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָקוֹם

noun masculine • Root קום • Strongs / High • Page 899

A place, where one stands, remains; spot, place of abode, position, dwelling, place of honour, a stand, abiding-place, a firm place, land-possession, locality, territory; figuratively, position or condition of mind, composure.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָקוֹם

com. gen. • Root קום • Page 401

A place. Gen. 1: 9; 24: 23, 25; 28: 11, 17; Job 16: 18. Particularly a dwelling place (Gen. 30: 25) or a city/village (Gen. 12: 6).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόπον τόπῳ τόπου τόποσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4725:

τόπον 144× (35.0%)

τόπῳ 91× (20.5%)

τόπου 72× (16.5%)

τόποσ 39× (10.1%)

'' 11× (2.7%)

αὐτῆσ 10× (1.7%)

τόπων 7× (1.6%)

---% 6× (1.0%)

--- 3× (0.9%)

τόπουσ 3× (0.7%)

ללון לָלוּן׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לון

lûwn

Definition

to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)

Root

or לין; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or לין; a primitive root; to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain); abide (all night), continue, dwell, endure, grudge, be left, lie all night, (cause to) lodge (all night, in, -ing, this night), (make to) murmur, remain, tarry (all night, that night).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3885

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לוּן

verb • Root לין • Strongs / High • Page 778

To pass the night, lodge, abide, remain, stay. (Designated as I.)

לוּן

verb • Root לון • Strongs / High • Page 779

To remain over night, continue (a long time), be permanent, abide; of looks, to continue seeing; to let continue over night. Hithpael: to lodge, to settle oneself.

לוּן

verb • Root לון • Strongs / High • Page 779

(Kal unused) intr. to mutter (prop. to murmur, to hum, to cry), in order to express discontent; to practise enchantment and to curse. Nifal: to express oneself in murmuring or muttering sounds. Hifil: to mutter.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לוּן

verb • Page 344

II. in Kal not used. Niph. to murmur against any one, construed with עַל. Fut. יִלּוֹנוּ Ex. 15:24. Num. 14:2. 17:6. Hiph. idem. Num. 14:29. Fut. וַיָּלֶן Ex. 17:3. also תַּלִּינוּ Ex. 16:7. Part. מַלִּינִים Ex. 16:8. Num. 14:27.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3885

I. לוּן, לִין verb — lodge, pass the night, figurative abide.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew לִינָה noun lodging, spending the night (compare Nöldeke¹)
• Kindred with לַיְלָה (according to Gesenius’ Thesaurus, with change of ל and נ)

— Qal Perfect לָן Genesis 32:22; 2 Samuel 12:16; 3 feminine singular וְ֫לָנֶה consecutive Zechariah 5:4; 1 plural וְלַנּוּ consecutive Judges 19:13 (see GKC²); Imperfect יָלִין Exodus 23:18 13 times + 2 Samuel 17:8 (but compare Hiph`il); וַיָּ֫לֶן Genesis 28:11 4 times; 3 feminine singular תָּלִין Leviticus 19:13 4 times; תָּלַ֫ן Job 17:2; 2 masculine singular jussive אַל־תָּ֫לֶן 2 Samuel 17:16; תַּל֑ן Judges 19:20, etc.; Imperative לִין Judges 19:6, 19, etc.; Infinitive construct לָלוּן Genesis 24:25 5 times; לָלִין Genesis 24:23; Participle plural לֵנִים Nehemiah 13:21.

1. lodge, pass the night:

a. literally, human subject

• Genesis 19:2; Genesis 28:11; Judges 19:13, 15; 2 Samuel 17:16; Job 24:7 + often
• with ה locative, וְלָן וְשָׁכַב אַ֫רְצָה 2 Samuel 12:16
• with ב location + ב temporal בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא Genesis 32:14; Genesis 32:22; Joshua 8:9
• with הַלַּיְלָה (accusative temporal), Numbers 22:8; Joshua 4:3; 2 Samuel 17:16; 2 Samuel 19:8; Ruth 3:13
• of the wicked Psalm 59:16 (according to Hupfeld, Delitzsch, Perowne; ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Aquila and others)
• simile of temporary sojourn Jeremiah 14:8 (of יהוה in Israel)

b. of animals

• wild ox (רְאֵם) Job 39:9 (followed by עַל־אֲבוּסֶ֑ךָ)
• porcupine (קִמֹּד) Zephaniah 2:14

c. inanimate subject = remain all night

• of fat of sacrifice Exodus 23:18 (Elohist Source; followed by עַד־בֹּֿקֶר)
• passover meal Exodus 34:25 (Priests' Code; followed by לַבֹּקֶר)
• Deuteronomy 16:4 (followed by לַבֹּקֶר)
• wages of hireling Leviticus 19:13 (Holiness Code; אֶת = with + עַד־בֹּֿקֶר)
• of dead body Deuteronomy 21:23 (עַל location)
• dew Job 29:19 (ב location)
• bunch of myrrh Song of Solomon 1:13 (בֵּין location)

d. figurative

• יָלִין בֶּ֑כִי בָּעֶרֶב Psalm 30:6 at evening weeping may come to lodge (opposed to וְלַבֹּקֶר רִנָּה)

2. figurative abide, remain

• subject עַיִן (= look upon), with ב Job 17:2
• of error Job 19:4 (with preposition אֵת person)
• strength Job 41:14 (of crocodile; with ב)
• of righteousness Isaiah 1:21 (with ב)
• תָּלִין נַפְשׁוֺ בְטוֺב Psalm 25:13
• of hearkening ear Proverbs 15:31, with בְּקֶרֶב
• of thoughts Jeremiah 4:14, with בְּקֶרֶב
• absolute, of man, continue, endure, Psalm 49:13
• שָׂבֵעַ יָלִין Proverbs 19:23 he shall continue satisfied

Hiph`il Imperfect יָלִין cause to rest, lodge, followed by accusative, 2 Samuel 17:8.

Hithpalpel Imperfect יִתְלֹנָ֑ן Job 39:28 dwell, abide, of eagle; figurative יִתְלוֺנָ֑ן בְּצֵל שַׁדַּי Psalm 91:1 of one trusting in יהוה.

II. [לוּן] verb — murmur, only Exodus 15, 16, 17; Numbers 14, 16, 17; and Joshua 9:18 (always defective, hence Nöldeke¹ thinks possibly לנן; found chiefly in Priests' Code).

Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיִּלּוֺ֫נוּ Exodus 15:24 3 times + Exodus 16:2 Qr (Kt וילינו) + Numbers 14:36 Kt (Qr וַיַּלִּי֫נוּ, Hiph`il); 2 masculine plural תִּלּוֺ֫נוּ Exodus 16:7; Numbers 16:11, both Kt (Qr תַּלִּי֫נוּ); — murmur against, followed by עַל Exodus 15:24 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 16:2, 7; Numbers 14:2; Numbers 16:11; Numbers 17:6; Joshua 9:18 (all Priests' Code); absolute Psalm 59:16.

Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine plural הֲלִינֹתֶם Numbers 14:29; Imperfect וַיָּ֫לֶן Exodus 17:3; וַיַּלִּי֫נוּ Exodus 16:2 Kt, Numbers 14:36 Qr; 2 masculine plural תַּלִּי֫נוּ Exodus 16:7 Qr, Numbers 16:11 Qr; Participle plural מַלִּינִים Exodus 16:8 3 times; — murmur = Niph`al, followed by על Exodus 17:3 (Elohist Source), elsewhere Priests' Code: Exodus 16:8; Numbers 14:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 14:29; Numbers 17:20; cause to murmur, followed by accusative + עַל Numbers 14:36 Qr.

¹ Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxxvii (1883), 535 ff.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: αὐλισθήσεται καταλῦσαι ἐκοιμήθη ἐγόγγυσαν κοιμηθήσεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3885a:

αὐλισθήσεται 7× (8.7%)

καταλῦσαι 5× (6.0%)

ἐκοιμήθη 5× (5.6%)

ἐγόγγυσαν 4× (4.8%)

κοιμηθήσεται 3× (3.7%)

αὐλίζεται 3× (3.7%)

αὐλισθῶμεν 3× (3.3%)

αὐλίσθητι 2× (2.5%)

αὐλισθῇσ 2× (2.5%)

--- 2× (2.5%)

RBT Translation:

And she is saying toward him, `Also straw also a collection are abundant with ourselves, also a standing-place to lodge.`

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And she will say to him, also straw, and also much fodder to us; also a place to pass the night.

LITV Translation:
And she said to him, Both straw and fodder are plentiful with us, also a room to pass the night.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And she said to him, We have both straw and much provender, and a place for resting.