Genesis 20:1

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויסע וַיִּסַּע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נסע

nâçaʻ

Definition

properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e. start on ajourney

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e. start on ajourney; cause to blow, bring, get, (make to) go (away, forth, forward, onward, out), (take) journey, march, remove, set aside (forward), [idiom] still, be on his (go their) way.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5265

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָסַע

verb • Root נסע • Strongs / High • Page 975

Properly to push away, to tear away, to pluck away. Hence to tear out (e.g., a tent-pin).

נָסַע

verb • Root נסע • Strongs / High • Page 976

to break up, a nomadic tent, metaphor. to move on, of men, warlike armies, pillar of fire, sacred tent, ark of the covenant; to migrate; to break up or depart, of shepherds with their flock. In derivatives also, to break off, to loosen, stones; to draw, to bend a bow; to rush on, to rush away.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָסַע

verb • Root נסע • Page 447

1. to tear out, to pluck up; e. g. the door-posts, Judg. 16:3, 14. 2. to break up, to remove, spoken of a nomadic horde. Gen. 35:16. 3. to march, journey, spoken of nomadic people, Gen. 12:9. Niph. to be broken up or removed. Is. 38:12. Hiph. to tear up, as a tree, Job 19:10; to let or cause to remove, Ex. 15:22; to lead, guide, Ps. 78:52.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5265

I. נָסַע (approximate number of occurrences: 147) verb — pull out or up, set out, journey.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem, move, march
• Assyrian nisû, set out, withdraw¹
• Arabic نزع
• Ethiopic ነዝዐ pull up, away^{2, 3}

— נָסַע Perfect 3 masculine singular Genesis 33:17 +; 3 masculine plural נָָֽסְעוּ Deuteronomy 10:6, נָסָ֑עוּ Numbers 2:34 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִסַּע Isaiah 33:20, וַיִּסַּע Genesis 12:9 +, suffix וַיִּסָּעֵם Judges 16:3; 3 masculine plural יִסְעוּ Exodus 40:36 +, יִסָּ֑עוּ Numbers 2:9 +; 2 masculine plural תִּסְעוּ Joshua 3:3; 1 plural נִסְעָה cohortative Genesis 33:12, וַנִּסַּע Deuteronomy 1:19, Deuteronomy 2:1, וַנִּסְעָה Ezra 8:31; Imperative סְעוּ Deuteronomy 2:24 +; Infinitive absolute Genesis 12:9; construct נְסֹעַ Joshua 3:14 +; suffix נָסְעָם Genesis 11:2, Numbers 10:34; Participle נֹסֵעַ Exodus 14:10, Numbers 10:33, plural נֹסְעִים Numbers 10:29.

1. Meanings and Uses (Qal)

a. Pull out or up

• City-gate and gate-posts Judges 16:3
• Loom Judges 16:14 (on text compare Moore⁴)
• Tent-pegs Isaiah 33:20 (figurative of Jerusalem; compare also Niphal)

b. Set out (from pulling up tent-pegs)

• Genesis 35:5; Numbers 12:15 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 4:7 (+ יָצָא מִמְּקוֺמוֺ)
• Of lifeless things, e.g. the ark Numbers 10:35 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Often in Priests' Code: Exodus 14:15; Exodus 40:37; Numbers 1:51; Numbers 4:5, 15; Numbers 9:17 (8 times in Numbers 9); Numbers 10:5, 6, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25; so probably Numbers 2:8 (6 times in Numbers 2; of lifeless things, דֶּגֶל Numbers 10:18, 12; מִשְׁכָּן Numbers 1:51; אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד Numbers 2:17); Numbers 33:3
• וַיִּסַּע וַיָּבֹא Genesis 46:1 (Elohist Source), Exodus 16:1, Exodus 19:2, Numbers 20:22, Joshua 9:17 (all Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:7; נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה Deuteronomy 33:12 (Yahwist Source)
• וַיִּסְעוּ וַיַּעֲלוּ Judges 18:11; סְעוּ וְעִבְרוּ Deuteronomy 2:24
• With מִן: Genesis 35:16 (Elohist Source), Numbers 10:34 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); נָסַע מֵאָהֳלֵיהֶם לַעֲבֹר Joshua 3:14 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• With מִן + וַיָּבֹא: Joshua 3:1, Numbers 33:9; + וַיֵּלֶךְ Numbers 33:3 (Deuteronomist Source), Deuteronomy 1:19; + וַיַּעֲבְרוּ Numbers 33:8

c. Depart

• With מִן: Genesis 37:17 (Yahwist Source), 2 Kings 3:27, 2 Kings 19:8, 36 = Isaiah 37:8, 37
• Of עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן Exodus 14:19 (Yahwist Source); of angel Exodus 14:19 (Elohist Source)

2. Journey, march (by stages)

• Genesis 12:9, Genesis 35:21 (Yahwist Source), Numbers 10:13, 14, 28 (Priests' Code)
• (+ לְמַסְעֵיהֶם) by stages Exodus 17:1, Numbers 10:12 (+ מִן), Exodus 40:36 (all Priests' Code)
• Followed by ה locative: Genesis 12:9, Genesis 33:17, Deuteronomy 1:40, 2:1; סְעוּ לָכֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Numbers 14:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Followed by מִקֶּדֶם eastward: Genesis 11:2, Genesis 13:11, Exodus 14:10, Numbers 10:29, Numbers 10:33 (all Yahwist Source)
• Especially וַיִּסְעוּ מִן וַיַּחֲנוּ Numbers 21:12, 13, Exodus 13:20, Numbers 33:5 (37 times in Numbers 33)
• Of shepherds Jeremiah 31:24
• נָָֽסְעוּ כְמוֺ צאֹן Zechariah 10:2 is dubious (Wellhausen⁵ reads נָעוּ or יָנֻעוּ; so also Nowack⁶)

3. Of wind

רוּחַ מֵאֵת י׳ נָסַע Numbers 11:31 there set forth (sprang up) a wind from יהוה.

4. Niphal: Be pulled up, removed

Perfect 3 masculine singular דּוֺרִי נִסַּע Isaiah 38:12; of tent-peg הֲלֹא נִסַּע Job 4:21 (reading יְתֵדָם for יִתְרָם).

5. Hiphil: Cause to set out, remove

Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַסַּע Psalm 78:26, וַיַּסַּע Exodus 15:22; 2 masculine singular תַּסִּיעַ Psalm 80:9; 3 feminine singular תַּסִּיעִי 2 Kings 4:4; 3 masculine plural וַּיַּסִּ֫עוּ 1 Kings 5:31; Participle מַסִּיעַ Ecclesiastes 10:9.

a. Cause to set out, lead out

• With accusative of person Exodus 15:22 (Yahwist Source; + מִן, וַיֵּצְאוּ)
• Psalm 78:52 (כַּצּאֹן; "" וַיְנַהֲגֵם), Psalm 80:9 (figurative of vine)
• Of a wind, cause to spring up Psalm 78:26 (compare Qal 3)

b. Remove, quarry

• 2 Kings 4:4; וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִי Job 19:10
• Specifically, remove from quarry, quarry: 1 Kings 5:31 and they quarried great stones, compare Ecclesiastes 10:9

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 470).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG xl (1886), 723).

³ Jakob Barth, Etymologische Studien zum semitischen insbesondere zum hebräischen Lexicon (Ba ES 51).

⁴ George Foot Moore, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (GFM).

⁵ Julius Wellhausen (We).

⁶ Wilhelm Nowack (Now).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπῆραν ἐξῆρεν ἀπῆρεν ἐξαροῦσιν ἀπάραντεσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5265:

ἀπῆραν 52× (34.0%)

ἐξῆρεν 8× (5.9%)

ἀπῆρεν 8× (5.3%)

ἐξαροῦσιν 8× (5.2%)

ἀπάραντεσ 7× (4.8%)

ἐξῆραν 6× (3.8%)

--- 5× (3.8%)

ἀπαροῦσιν 4× (2.9%)

ἐξαίρειν 4× (2.0%)

ἀπάρατε 3× (1.9%)

משם מִשָּׁם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שם

shâm

Definition

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Root

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, H834 (אשר));

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, אשר); there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence; in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign, a memorial, a token, a mark, and therefore a name. (Includes usage regarding calling or inscribing a name).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Metaphor: The internal essence as outwardly revealed and known as operative; hence of God (the Divine Essence, Presence, Protection, or Power).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Fame, renown, fama, an honourable name. Also used to denote a good name, sweet scent (assonance), bad reputation, or posterity (name after death).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Proper noun: The oldest son of Noah (Gen. 5, 32), progenitor of the Semites.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׂם

verb (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1398

Same as Hebrew שׂוּם: to issue, to set forth, to give a name, to take consideration.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign (comp. the Ar.)

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

Sem, the eldest son of Noah, progenitor of the Semite peoples and territory.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

A name; fame, renown. Used along with אֱלָהּ in the Targ.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁם

adverb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1441

1. Of place: there, ibi, tum; there where. 2. Of time: then, at that time. 3. Of a thing: thence, from the place/time/thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁם

m. constr. • Page 683

1. a name; a celebrated name, celebrity, renown. Gen. 6: 4, Num. 16: 2. 2. a rumour, report. Deut. 22: 14. 3. the name of Jehovah, particularly his praise or glory. Ps. 79: 9, Is. 48: 9.

שָׁם

adverb • Page 683

1. there. 2. thither (i.q. שָׁמָּה). 3. then (spoken of time). 4. thither/whither (with paragagic ה). Gen. 13: 3, 1 Sam. 2: 14, Ps. 14: 5, Gen. 19: 20.

שֻׁם

m. chald. • Page 684

A name. References: Dan. 4:5 [4:8]; Ezra 5:1. With suffix שֻׁמֵּהּ (from שֵׁם) Dan. 2:20, 26; 4:5 [4:8]; 5:12. Ezra 5:14: 'and they were given to Sheshbazzar, as his name was'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8033

I. שָׁם adverb — there, thither.

Cognates:

• Arabic ثَمَّ (there), compare ثُمَّ (then)
• Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה
• Egyptian Aramaic תמה
• Targum תַּמָּן
• Syriac ܬܡܢ
• Zenjirli¹ שם

1. Meanings and Uses

a. there

• Genesis 2:8, 12
• Genesis 11:2, 7, 31 + often
• Placed early in sentence for emphasis: Micah 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nahum 3:15; Ezekiel 32:22, 24; Psalm 104:26 +
• With conjunction: וְשָׁם Genesis 41:12; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 13:22, 33 +
• Repeated: שָׁם ... וְשָׁם Exodus 15:25; Deuteronomy 12:14; Isaiah 27:10; Job 3:17 +
• With הִנֵּה: וְהִנֵּה שָׁם Genesis 29:2
• With כִּי: כִּי שָׁם Genesis 11:9; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 35:7; 2 Samuel 1:21; 2 Samuel 15:21 +
• Resuming "where": Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judges 5:27; Jeremiah 22:12; Ecclesiastes 11:3, compare 1:7
• Repeated שָׁם ... שָׁם (here ... there): Isaiah 28:10, 13

In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination: Psalm 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Psalm 36:13, compare Psalm 48:7; 66:6; 132:17; Hosea 6:7; Zephaniah 1:14. — Habakkuk 3:4 read probably (Wellhausen³) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ecclesiastes 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan: but read perhaps שָׂם (Hitzig, Delitzsch⁴).

b. preceded by the relative

אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where:

• Genesis 2:11; Exodus 20:21; 1 Samuel 9:10 +, usually with words between, Genesis 13:3, 14; 19:27; Exodus 29:42; 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 23:27 +
• After בַּאֲשֶׁר: בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Genesis 21:17
• With אשׁר omitted (indicated by construct²): Ezekiel 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Cornill⁵ and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion

(= שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3):

• Deuteronomy 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judges 19:15; 21:10; 1 Samuel 2:14; 9:6
• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁם whither: 1 Kings 18:10; 21:18; 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16; Isaiah 20:6; more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel: Jeremiah 8:3; 22:27; 23:3, 8; 45:5 +; Ezekiel 4:13; 12:16; 36:20, 22 +
• With שֶׁ: שֶׁשָּׁם Psalm 122:4

3. with locative, שָׁ֫מָּה

a. after verbs of motion, thither

• Genesis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, Genesis 19:22; 20:13; 24:6; 29:3; Deuteronomy 1:38 + often
• = into it, therein (of a basket, etc.): Exodus 16:33, 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, 30:18; Judges 8:25; 2 Kings 12:10
• Pregnantly, after verb implying motion: to bury, Genesis 23:13, 25:10; 49:31; 50:5 (all Priests' Code); to meet Exodus 29:42, 43; 30:6, 36; Numbers 17:19 (all Priests' Code); Joshua 2:16; 7:3; Jeremiah 13:7; Joel 4:7; Songs 8:5 (?)

b. whither / where

• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁ֫מָּה whither Genesis 20:13; Numbers 33:54; Deuteronomy 4:5, 14 + often
• where 2 Kings 23:8; 1 Chronicles 4:41

c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there

• Genesis 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה
• Joshua 2:1; Judges 16:27; 2 Kings 4:11; 9:16; Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 22:18; 34:15; 65:9; Jeremiah 18:2; 27:22
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 23:3; 32:29, 30; 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י
• Psalm 76:4; 122:5; Ecclesiastes 3:16

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence

a. after verbs of departing, taking, etc.

• Genesis 2:10; Genesis 11:8, 9; 12:8; 18:16; 24:7; 42:2, etc.
• Numbers 13:23; 21:12; 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם
• Deuteronomy 4:29; 30:4; Jeremiah 37:12; Hosea 2:17; Amos 9:2, 3, 4; Job 39:29 +
• Peculiarly, Genesis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר ׳: (Gesenius) from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel; (Ewald, Dillmann⁸) from there (where is) the Shepherd of the stone of Israel; but text dubious; Gunkel⁹ reads by the name (מִשֵּׁם).

b. whence

• אֲשֶׁר ... מִשָּׁם Genesis 24:5; Numbers 23:13 +

c. expressing origin

• Genesis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם
• Genesis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came the Philistines
• Judges 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1 Samuel 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isaiah 65:20

d. of the mass from which something is taken

• Genesis 27:9; 30:32
• Leviticus 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו ׳ (from the meal of a מנחה)
• 1 Kings 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה
• 2 Kings 7:2, 19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹ˜כל׃; Ezekiel 5:3

¹ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (1903), p. 159.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 130 c, d.

³ Julius Wellhausen (We).

⁴ Ferdinand Hitzig (Hi), Franz Delitzsch (De).

⁵ C. H. Cornill (Co), C. von Orelli (Or).

⁶ Septuagint (LXX).

⁷ Targum.

⁸ Heinrich Ewald (Ew), August Dillmann (Di), Bernhard Stade (Sta).

⁹ Hermann Gunkel.

Prep-M, Adverb

LXX: ἐκεῖ ἐκεῖθεν --- '' ὄνομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8033:

ἐκεῖ 553× (68.1%)

ἐκεῖθεν 109× (13.4%)

--- 44× (5.5%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ὄνομα 13× (1.4%)

οὗ 10× (1.2%)

ἐπικληθῆναι 8× (1.0%)

ἦν 6× (0.6%)

ἔτι 4× (0.5%)

ἧσ 3× (0.3%)

אברהם אַבְרָהָם

Father of Multitude

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אברהם

ʼAbrâhâm

Definition

Abraham, the later name of Abram

Root

contracted from H1 (אב) and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude;

Exhaustive

contracted from אב and an unused root (probably meaning to be populous); father of a multitude; Abraham, the later name of Abram; Abraham.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H85

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַבְרָהָם

noun proper • Root רהם אב • Strongs_Numbers • Page 57

(ancestor of a multitude) The founder of the Hebrew and South-Arabian peoples, who had the original name אַבְרָם changed into אַבְרָהָם.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַבְרָהָם

m. proper name • Page 23

Abraham, progenitor of the Jews. Signifies father of a multitude. Gen. 17:4, 5, 2 Chr. 30:6, Ps. 47:10, Ps. 105:6, Is. 41:8.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0085:

No stats available

ארצה אַרְצָה

her earth

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix directional he

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

הנגב הָנּגֶב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נגב

negeb

Definition

the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be parched;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be parched; the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Strongs / High • Page 940

A dry, parched quarter; the south, the southern quarter, so called from its dryness and heat; the southern part of Palestine.

נֶגֶב

noun / masculine / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 941

The south, a dry country; the southern district of Palestine. By extension, it can refer to Judah or Egypt. Also used to mean south-storms. As an adverb, it means 'in the south' or 'southward'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Page 424

the south. the southern boundary (Josh. 15:4). on the south side (Num. 35:5). Hence אֶרֶץ נֶגֶב a south land (Josh. 15:19; Ps. 126:4). Particularly (1.) the southern part of Palestine (Gen. 20:1; 24:62; 13:3; Deut. 34:3). (2.) Egypt (Dan. 11:5 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5045

I. נֶ֫גֶב (compare Lag¹) noun masculine — south-country, Negeb, south.

— נֶ֫גֶב absolute Genesis 20:1 +; construct Joshua 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Genesis 13:14 +;

1. South-country

a. Specifically the region south of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined

(see cities in it Joshua 15:21–32), but from hills south of Hebron to Kadesh:

• אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:62 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 13:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 1:15; Joshua 15:19
• Almost as proper name הַנֶּגֶב, הַנֶּגְבָּה: Genesis 12:9; Genesis 13:1; Numbers 13:17, 22; Numbers 21:1 (all Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 34:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 10:40; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8 (all Deuteronomic Source), Numbers 33:40; Joshua 15:21 (both Priests' Code), Judges 1:9; 1 Samuel 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound ᵐ5 [argab] Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Jeremiah 13:19; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; Zechariah 7:7; Obadiah 20; Psalm 126:4 (simile), Ezekiel 21:3a (= Judah)
• נֶ֫גֶב (no article) Genesis 13:3 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 30:1; Isaiah 30:6
• Particular districts: נֶ֫גֶב עֲרָד Judges 1:16; נֶ֫גֶב יהוּדָה etc. 1 Samuel 27:10 (3 times); 1 Samuel 30:14 (twice); 2 Samuel 24:7; 2 Chronicles 28:18; Zechariah 14:10
• Towns: רָמַת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 19:8, רָמוֺת נֶ֫גֶב 1 Samuel 30:27
• Collective with plural verb = people of south-land Obadiah 19

b. Land south of Babylon

• Isaiah 21:1

c. Egypt

• Daniel 11:5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 25 (twice); 29, 40 (compare Daniel 11:43)

2. South (opposed to north, east, west)

• Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both Jehovist Source), Joshua 17:10 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 7:25; 2 Chronicles 4:4; 1 Chronicles 9:24; 1 Chronicles 26:15, 17, Ezekiel 21:3b; Ezekiel 21:9; Daniel 8:4, 9, 1 Kings 7:39; Zechariah 14:4
• Of the tabernacle: מְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exodus 26:18; Exodus 27:9; Exodus 36:23; Exodus 38:9; Exodus 40:24
• שַׁ֫עַר נֶ֫גֶב Ezekiel 46:9 (twice)
• מְּאַת נֶ֫גֶב south side or border: Numbers 34:3; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:15 (all Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:16, 28, 33
• גְּבוּל נֶ֫גֶב south boundary: Numbers 34:3; Joshua 15:2, 4; Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code)
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ on the south of: Numbers 34:4 (twice); Joshua 15:3, 7; Joshua 18:3 (all Priests' Code), Judges 21:19
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב absolute on the south: Joshua 18:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 19:34 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 14:5; Ezekiel 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנֶּ֫גֶב Joshua 15:8, Joshua 18:13, 16 (all Priests' Code)
• נֶ֫גְבָּה Joshua 15:1, 2; Joshua 18:14 (twice); Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code), 2 Chronicles 4:10; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Joshua 17:9 (Priests' Code)

— For בִּנְּרוֺת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 11:2 read נֶגֶד (ᵐ5 Di).

¹ Lagarde, Paul de, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina, 1889, p. 78 (Lag^{BN 78}).

² ᵐ5 Septuagint.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νότον λίβα ναγεβ αἰγύπτου νότου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5045:

νότον 26× (20.0%)

λίβα 20× (14.5%)

ναγεβ 10× (7.8%)

αἰγύπτου 9× (8.3%)

νότου 6× (4.8%)

λιβόσ 6× (4.7%)

λιβὸσ 6× (4.5%)

ἔρημον 5× (3.2%)

ἀπέναντι 4× (3.7%)

pκατὰ 3× (2.8%)

וישב וַיֵּשֶׁב

and he is sitting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3427

I. יָשַׁב (approximate number of occurrences: 1090) verb — sit, remain, dwell.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְתֵיב
• Mesha Inscription¹ ישב, Judges 1:8, 19 וישב, Judges 1:13 ואשב
• Phoenician ישב
• Zinjirli ישב
• Assyrian ašâbu
• Arabic وثب (leap, jump), Himyaritic dialect (sit)
• Ethiopic ወሰበ (marry, consummate marriage)

— יָשַׁב absolute Genesis 13:12 +; Perfect 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judges 5:16; 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deuteronomy 1:46; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1 Samuel 5:7, יֵשֶׁבֿ Genesis 44:33; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Genesis 20:15; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1 Samuel 20:5; construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1 Samuel 7:2; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2 Samuel 7:5; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Genesis 4:20; feminine י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judges 4:5.

1. Sit or Sit Down

a. Sit on or by

• On (עַל) a seat 1 Samuel 20:25, stone Exodus 17:12, throne Exodus 11:5
• In token of humiliation: on dust Isaiah 47:1, ground Ezekiel 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6
• By (עַל) a well Exodus 2:15
• In (בְּ) house, street, doorway 2 Samuel 7:1; Genesis 38:14

b. Sit as authority (king or judge)

• Exodus 18:13; Joel 4:12
• Of Yahweh: Psalm 2:4; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 99:1 (+ כְּרוּבִים)

c. Special uses

• To perform a necessity of nature: Deuteronomy 23:14
• Of eyes: be set in their sockets Songs 5:12

2. Remain, stay, tarry

a. Tarry for a time

• With person (אֶת, עִם): Genesis 24:55; Genesis 27:44
• In a location (בְּ): 1 Samuel 7:2; 2 Samuel 10:5
• Abide, endure: Micah 5:3; Joel 4:20

3. Dwell, have one's abode

a. Physical dwelling

• In a land, city, or house: Genesis 4:16; Genesis 13:12; Deuteronomy 1:4
• In tents: Jeremiah 35:7
• With someone (אֶת, עִם, יַחְדָּו): Genesis 34:16; Genesis 13:6

b. As Substantive (Participle) — Dweller, inhabitant

• ישֵׁב אהלים dweller in tents Genesis 25:27
• ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ inhabitants of the land Exodus 23:21
• Without inhabitant (מֵאֵין ישׁב): Isaiah 5:9; Jeremiah 4:7

4. Of a land or city

figurative sit, abide seated, i.e., be inhabited:

• Jeremiah 17:6; Isaiah 13:20; Zechariah 2:8

Niph`al

Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jeremiah 6:8; Participle נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezekiel 12:20 — be inhabited.

• Of land: Exodus 16:35
• Of cities: Ezekiel 36:10

Pi`el

Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ Ezekiel 25:4 — set, pitch (encampments); but others read Qal וְיֵשְׁבוּ.

Hiph`il

Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14; Imperfect וַיּוֺשֵׁב Genesis 47:11 — cause to sit, dwell; marry.

a. Cause to sit or place

• On a throne: 1 Kings 2:24
• In an assembly: 1 Kings 21:9

b. Cause to dwell

• In a location: 1 Samuel 12:8; Genesis 47:6
• Cause cities to be inhabited: Ezekiel 36:33

c. Marry (give a dwelling to)

• Foreign women: Ezra 10:2, 10; Nehemiah 13:23, 27

Hoph`al

Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם Isaiah 5:8; Imperfect תוּשָׁב Isaiah 44:26 — be made to dwell, be inhabited.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

³ Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ol).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

בין בֵּין־

in between

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בין

bêyn

Definition

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Root

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly, the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from H995 (בין); a distinction; but used only as a preposition,

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H996

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 228

Aramaic form of the Hebrew verb meaning to understand or perceive.

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

See בּוּן Hif. II.

בִּין

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

As a noun, see בִּינָה.

בֵּין

preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Aramaic preposition, the same as the Hebrew equivalent: between.

בֵּין

preposition • Root בינת • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

Between; abridged from בַּיִנַת.

בַּיִן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Division, separation, and therefore concrete interval (space between two things); commonly used as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'.

הִלְבִּין

verb • Root לבן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 766

To show whiteness, to be white, of snow. Figuratively: to cleanse, to purify, to absolve from sin.

יָבִין

noun proper • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

intelligent; a proper name of Phenician kings of northern Palestine.

מֵבִין

masculine noun • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

Instructing (only in plural מְבִינִים in K'tib).

שְׁבִיבִין

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1373

the same (flame/spark).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Root , , בין , , • Page 94

1. to see, perceive, observe (Prov. 7:7, Dan. 10:1). 2. to see into, to understand (Is. 6:9, Dan. 12:8). 3. to know (Ps. 139:2). 4. to have understanding, to be wise or intelligent (Ps. 49:21). Also found in Niph. (intelligent, Gen. 41:33), Pil. (to observe, take care of, Deut. 32:10), and Hiph. (to explain, Dan. 8:16; to teach, instruct, Neh. 8:9; to make wise, Job 32:8; to perceive/attend, Dan. 8:5; to know, Job 28:23).

בֵּין

strictly a subst. / used as a prep. • Page 95

Intermediate space, interval, midst; hence dual בֵּינַיִם (1 Sam. 17:4, 23) a middle-man, umpire, champion. Used as a preposition meaning 'between' (Ex. 11:7, Gen. 26:28, Neh. 5:18, Prov. 26:13).

בֵּין

preposition • Page 95

Between, as in Hebrew.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H996

[ בֵּין ] substantive properly interval, space between (ܐܠܗܐ ܫܠܡ idem) — construct בֵּין once Isaiah 44:4 (Ba¹) בֵּן, בֵּינִי, בֵּינְךָ, בֵּינְךְ, בֵּינוֹ (בֵּינָיו Joshua 3:4; Joshua 8:11 Qr); with plural suffix in plural form בֵּינֵינוּ (בֵּנֵינוּ), etc.; also בֵּינוֹת Ezekiel 10:2 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7 (twice in verse) (+ Ezekiel 1:13 אֵשׁ Hi Ew etc. for דְּמוּת), בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ Genesis 26:28; Joshua 22:34; Judges 11:10, בֵּינוֹתָם Genesis 42:23; 2 Samuel 21:7; Jeremiah 25:16; dual בֵּנַיִם (see below); — 1 always (except dual) as preposition in the interval of, between (so Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי, ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ; ነጻት), as Genesis 15:17 בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים between the pieces, Exodus 13:9 and elsewhere בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ between thy eyes (see עַיִן), Isaiah 22:11 and elsewhere between the two walls (see חוֹמָה), Job 24:11; Job 30:7; Job 40:30 part him between merchants; rather more generally among Hosea 13:15; Canticles 2:2,3; Ezekiel 19:2; Ezekiel 31:3; Job 34:37; less exactly within Proverbs 26:13 a lion is בֵּין הָרְחֹבוֹת within the board places (compare Proverbs 23:13 בְּתוֹךְ): once with a singular (unusual) Daniel 8:16 בֵּין אֻלַי between the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done a. most commonly by repeating בֵּין, as Genesis 13:3 בֵּין בֵּית־אֵל וּבֵין הָעַי literally in the interval of Bethel, and in the interval of Ai, i.e. between Bethel and Ai, Genesis 16:14; Genesis 17:7; Genesis 31:50,51 b. more rarely by בֵּין — לְ, Genesis 1:6 dividing בֵּין מַיִם לָמַיִם literally in the interval of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:33; Deuteronomy 17:8 (3 times in verse); 2 Samuel 19:36; 1 Kings 3:9; Ezekiel 41:18; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 4:11; Malachi 3:18 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 14:10. c. by בֵּין — וְלְ Joel 2:17. d. by בֵּין — לְבֵין Isaiah 59:2. בֵּין is used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing (figurative) Genesis 1:14; Leviticus 10:10, and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be involved, as Genesis 16:5; 2 Samuel 19:36 הָאֵדַע בֵּין טוֹב לְרָע can I discern between good and evil? 1 Kings 3:9; Jonah 4:11; Genesis 31:49 (watch between), Judges 11:10 (hear), Joshua 22:27 (witness), Isaiah 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, Isaiah 5:3; Leviticus 27:33; Ezekiel 44:23; Malachi 3:18; 2 Chronicles 14:10 (see RV); and in other metaphoric applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Genesis 9:12,15; Exodus 31:13 +; or an oath Genesis 26:28; 2 Samuel 21:7; enmity or strife Genesis 3:15; Genesis 13:7; Deuteronomy 25:1; Proverbs 6:19; peace 1 Kings 5:26; good-will Proverbs 14:9. — It is used of time in the phrase of P בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם (see below עֶרֶב), & Nehemiah 5:18 בֵּין עֶשְׂרֵת יָמִים during the interval of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).

With other prepositions: — a. אֵל־בֵּין, after a verb implying motion, in between, in among Ezekiel 31:10,14. So אֵל־בֵּינוֹת לְ ib. Ezekiel 10:2. b. בְּבֵין Isaiah 44:4 in the midst of, amongst (אֵשׁ Ew Di Che כְּבֵין מַיִם חָצִיר). c. עַל־בֵּין nearly as אֵל־בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 d. מִבֵּין from between: Genesis 49:10 nor the ruler's staff מִבֵּין רַגְלָיו from between his feet (where, as the king sits in state, he holds it), Exodus 25:22 from between the cherubim (so Numbers 7:89), Hosea 2:4; Zechariah 6:1; Zechariah 9:7; Deuteronomy 28:57 the after-birth הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ that cometh forth from between her feet, i.e. from her womb (compare Il. 19. 10 πὸσὶν μεταξὺ γυναικός). Repeated 2 Kings 16:14 to specify the two objects from between which a thing is moved. Ezekiel 47:18 is difficult and uncertain: see Commentaries. Less precisely from, the midst of: Numbers 17:2 מִבֵּין הַשְּׂרֵפָה out of the midst of the burning, Psalm 104:12 מִבֵּין עֲפָאִים from amongst the branches they utter their song, Jeremiah 48:45 and a flame מִבֵּין סִיחוֹן from the midst of Sihon (Sihon representing his people: but expression is singular; read perhaps מִבֵּית ס, compare Numbers 21:28 מִקִּרְיַת ס: "" in both passages מֵחֶשְׁבּוֹן), Ezekiel 37:21. e. מִבֵּינוֹת לְ from between Ezekiel 10:2,6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7.

2 Dual בֵּנַיִם space between two armies (= Greek μεταίχμιον), 1 Samuel 17:4,23 אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם man of the μεταίχμιον, i.e. champion (of Goliath).

בֵּית feminine of בֵּין, בֵּין (Nö M 194 f.; Syriac ܐܠܗܐ often, PS 470) preposition between Ezekiel 41:9 b (to be joined with Ezekiel 41:10; see RVm), unless indeed a mere error for בֵּין (which Ezekiel often uses); also Proverbs 8:2 accusative To אֵשׁ (ἀνὰ μέσον) אֵשׁ אֵשׁ Hi Ew §217 g; and Job 8:17 according to אֵשׁ Ew Di 1 (Di 2 undecided).

בֵּין preposition between (Biblical Hebrew [ בֵּין,] בֵּין; אֵשׁ, בֵּין, בֵּינֵי Syriac ܒܪܝܬ, ܢܝܢ), Daniel 7:5; with suffix 3 plural masculine בֵּינֵיהוֹן Daniel 7:7 Kt (Qr 3 plural feminine בֵּינֵיהֶן).

Cognates:

• Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ
• Ethiopic ነጻት

¹ Baer: Reference to the Masoretic text edition by Seligman Baer.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0996:

No stats available

קדש קָדֵשׁ

holy one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קדש

Qâdêsh

Definition

Kadesh, a place in the Desert

Root

the same as H6945 (קדש); sanctuary;

Exhaustive

the same as קדש; sanctuary; Kadesh, a place in the Desert; Kadesh. Compare קדש ברנע.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6946

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָדֵשׁ

verb • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 1262

To be holy, to honour as holy; to hallow the name of God, i.e. to worship; to dedicate, design; to devote to God; to hallow for himself, i. e. to appropriate a dedicated thing to oneself. (Includes Hiphil: to purify/sanctify; Hithpael: to purify oneself, sanctify oneself, set oneself apart).

קָדֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 1262

1. A pure, consecrated one, in the service of Astarte or another heathen deity (male cult prostitute/catamite). 2. Figurative and poetical: boys abused, dying before their time.

קָדֵשׁ

noun proper • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 1262

Proper name of a place in the wilderness of the Paran-desert, fully Kadesh-Barnea, forming the south border of the land of the Hebrews and the western border of Edom. Also termed Mei Meribah.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָדַשׁ and קָדֹשׁ

verb • Page 580

1. to be sacred or holy, Ex. 29: 37. 2. to be consecrated, to fall to the sanctuary. Deut. 22: 9. Niph. to be sanctified. Ex. 29: 43. 3. to show one's self holy or glorious.

קָדֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root קדש • Page 581

1. A male prostitute, a sodomite (Deut. 23:18, 1 K. 14:24). Includes feminine form קְדֵשָׁה (a female prostitute, Gen. 38:21). 2. Proper name of a place in the desert south of Palestine (Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea; Num. 34:4, Gen. 14:7).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6946

II. קָדֵשׁ (sacred; but perhaps originally קֶדֶשׁ and pointing artificial to distinguish from ק׳ in N) proper name, of a location — Kadesh.

1. Location in south of Judah

Καδης: in south of Judah:

• Genesis 16:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source)
• In מִדְבַּר מָּארָן Numbers 13:26 (Priestly Code), specifically מִדְבַּר צִן Numbers 20:1; Numbers 33:36, compare מִדְבַּר קָדֵשׁ Psalm 29:8
• On western border of Edom Numbers 20:16 (Elohist Source), Numbers 33:37 (Priestly Code), compare Numbers 20:14 (Elohist Source), Numbers 20:22 (Priestly Code), Judges 11:16–17 (hence Robinson¹ sought it at `Ain Weibeh, in west of Arabah)
• Long abode of Israel during Exodus: Deuteronomy 1:46
• מֵי מְרִיבַת קָדֵשׁ Numbers 27:14 (compare Numbers 20:1–13), Deuteronomy 32:51 (Priestly Code), Ezekiel 47:19 (read מְרִיבַת), Ezekiel 48:28, compare Deuteronomy 33:2 (see קֹדֶשׁ)
• Compare עֵין מִשְׁמָּט Genesis 14:7
• Identified as קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ (meaning of בַּרְנֵעַ unknown; ᵐ5 Kings βαρνη): Numbers 32:8 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 1:2, 19; Deuteronomy 2:14; Deuteronomy 9:23; Joshua 10:41 (Deuteronomist Source), Numbers 34:4; Joshua 15:3 (Priestly Code)

Modern Ain Kadis (kudais), approximately 50 miles south of Beersheba; J. Rowlands (1842), see G. Williams², and especially H.C. Trumbull³.

2. Hittite capital on the Orontes

North of Damascus, towards Hamath (Egyptian †dš, †dšu, †dše⁴):

• 2 Samuel 24:6 where ᵐ5^L, Wellhausen, Driver, Kittel, Budde, and Löhr read אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קָדֵ֫שָׁה for ᵑ0 אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים חָדְשִׁי (so already Hitzig; קָדֵ֫שָׁה Thenius, קֶ֫דְשָׁה Klostermann, of קֶדֶשׁ in Naphtali); H.P. Smith doubts.

¹ Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine (1841).

² George Williams, The Holy City (1845), 464 f.

³ H.C. Trumbull, Kadesh-Barnea (1881), 238-321.

⁴ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893), 213 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: καδησ μαριμωθ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6946:

καδησ 18× (80.3%)

μαριμωθ 2× (9.8%)

ובין וּבֵין

and between

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בין

bêyn

Definition

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Root

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly, the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from H995 (בין); a distinction; but used only as a preposition,

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H996

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 228

Aramaic form of the Hebrew verb meaning to understand or perceive.

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

See בּוּן Hif. II.

בִּין

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

As a noun, see בִּינָה.

בֵּין

preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Aramaic preposition, the same as the Hebrew equivalent: between.

בֵּין

preposition • Root בינת • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

Between; abridged from בַּיִנַת.

בַּיִן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Division, separation, and therefore concrete interval (space between two things); commonly used as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'.

הִלְבִּין

verb • Root לבן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 766

To show whiteness, to be white, of snow. Figuratively: to cleanse, to purify, to absolve from sin.

יָבִין

noun proper • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

intelligent; a proper name of Phenician kings of northern Palestine.

מֵבִין

masculine noun • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

Instructing (only in plural מְבִינִים in K'tib).

שְׁבִיבִין

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1373

the same (flame/spark).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Root , , בין , , • Page 94

1. to see, perceive, observe (Prov. 7:7, Dan. 10:1). 2. to see into, to understand (Is. 6:9, Dan. 12:8). 3. to know (Ps. 139:2). 4. to have understanding, to be wise or intelligent (Ps. 49:21). Also found in Niph. (intelligent, Gen. 41:33), Pil. (to observe, take care of, Deut. 32:10), and Hiph. (to explain, Dan. 8:16; to teach, instruct, Neh. 8:9; to make wise, Job 32:8; to perceive/attend, Dan. 8:5; to know, Job 28:23).

בֵּין

strictly a subst. / used as a prep. • Page 95

Intermediate space, interval, midst; hence dual בֵּינַיִם (1 Sam. 17:4, 23) a middle-man, umpire, champion. Used as a preposition meaning 'between' (Ex. 11:7, Gen. 26:28, Neh. 5:18, Prov. 26:13).

בֵּין

preposition • Page 95

Between, as in Hebrew.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H996

[ בֵּין ] substantive properly interval, space between (ܐܠܗܐ ܫܠܡ idem) — construct בֵּין once Isaiah 44:4 (Ba¹) בֵּן, בֵּינִי, בֵּינְךָ, בֵּינְךְ, בֵּינוֹ (בֵּינָיו Joshua 3:4; Joshua 8:11 Qr); with plural suffix in plural form בֵּינֵינוּ (בֵּנֵינוּ), etc.; also בֵּינוֹת Ezekiel 10:2 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7 (twice in verse) (+ Ezekiel 1:13 אֵשׁ Hi Ew etc. for דְּמוּת), בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ Genesis 26:28; Joshua 22:34; Judges 11:10, בֵּינוֹתָם Genesis 42:23; 2 Samuel 21:7; Jeremiah 25:16; dual בֵּנַיִם (see below); — 1 always (except dual) as preposition in the interval of, between (so Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי, ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ; ነጻት), as Genesis 15:17 בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים between the pieces, Exodus 13:9 and elsewhere בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ between thy eyes (see עַיִן), Isaiah 22:11 and elsewhere between the two walls (see חוֹמָה), Job 24:11; Job 30:7; Job 40:30 part him between merchants; rather more generally among Hosea 13:15; Canticles 2:2,3; Ezekiel 19:2; Ezekiel 31:3; Job 34:37; less exactly within Proverbs 26:13 a lion is בֵּין הָרְחֹבוֹת within the board places (compare Proverbs 23:13 בְּתוֹךְ): once with a singular (unusual) Daniel 8:16 בֵּין אֻלַי between the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done a. most commonly by repeating בֵּין, as Genesis 13:3 בֵּין בֵּית־אֵל וּבֵין הָעַי literally in the interval of Bethel, and in the interval of Ai, i.e. between Bethel and Ai, Genesis 16:14; Genesis 17:7; Genesis 31:50,51 b. more rarely by בֵּין — לְ, Genesis 1:6 dividing בֵּין מַיִם לָמַיִם literally in the interval of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:33; Deuteronomy 17:8 (3 times in verse); 2 Samuel 19:36; 1 Kings 3:9; Ezekiel 41:18; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 4:11; Malachi 3:18 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 14:10. c. by בֵּין — וְלְ Joel 2:17. d. by בֵּין — לְבֵין Isaiah 59:2. בֵּין is used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing (figurative) Genesis 1:14; Leviticus 10:10, and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be involved, as Genesis 16:5; 2 Samuel 19:36 הָאֵדַע בֵּין טוֹב לְרָע can I discern between good and evil? 1 Kings 3:9; Jonah 4:11; Genesis 31:49 (watch between), Judges 11:10 (hear), Joshua 22:27 (witness), Isaiah 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, Isaiah 5:3; Leviticus 27:33; Ezekiel 44:23; Malachi 3:18; 2 Chronicles 14:10 (see RV); and in other metaphoric applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Genesis 9:12,15; Exodus 31:13 +; or an oath Genesis 26:28; 2 Samuel 21:7; enmity or strife Genesis 3:15; Genesis 13:7; Deuteronomy 25:1; Proverbs 6:19; peace 1 Kings 5:26; good-will Proverbs 14:9. — It is used of time in the phrase of P בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם (see below עֶרֶב), & Nehemiah 5:18 בֵּין עֶשְׂרֵת יָמִים during the interval of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).

With other prepositions: — a. אֵל־בֵּין, after a verb implying motion, in between, in among Ezekiel 31:10,14. So אֵל־בֵּינוֹת לְ ib. Ezekiel 10:2. b. בְּבֵין Isaiah 44:4 in the midst of, amongst (אֵשׁ Ew Di Che כְּבֵין מַיִם חָצִיר). c. עַל־בֵּין nearly as אֵל־בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 d. מִבֵּין from between: Genesis 49:10 nor the ruler's staff מִבֵּין רַגְלָיו from between his feet (where, as the king sits in state, he holds it), Exodus 25:22 from between the cherubim (so Numbers 7:89), Hosea 2:4; Zechariah 6:1; Zechariah 9:7; Deuteronomy 28:57 the after-birth הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ that cometh forth from between her feet, i.e. from her womb (compare Il. 19. 10 πὸσὶν μεταξὺ γυναικός). Repeated 2 Kings 16:14 to specify the two objects from between which a thing is moved. Ezekiel 47:18 is difficult and uncertain: see Commentaries. Less precisely from, the midst of: Numbers 17:2 מִבֵּין הַשְּׂרֵפָה out of the midst of the burning, Psalm 104:12 מִבֵּין עֲפָאִים from amongst the branches they utter their song, Jeremiah 48:45 and a flame מִבֵּין סִיחוֹן from the midst of Sihon (Sihon representing his people: but expression is singular; read perhaps מִבֵּית ס, compare Numbers 21:28 מִקִּרְיַת ס: "" in both passages מֵחֶשְׁבּוֹן), Ezekiel 37:21. e. מִבֵּינוֹת לְ from between Ezekiel 10:2,6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:7.

2 Dual בֵּנַיִם space between two armies (= Greek μεταίχμιον), 1 Samuel 17:4,23 אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם man of the μεταίχμιον, i.e. champion (of Goliath).

בֵּית feminine of בֵּין, בֵּין (Nö M 194 f.; Syriac ܐܠܗܐ often, PS 470) preposition between Ezekiel 41:9 b (to be joined with Ezekiel 41:10; see RVm), unless indeed a mere error for בֵּין (which Ezekiel often uses); also Proverbs 8:2 accusative To אֵשׁ (ἀνὰ μέσον) אֵשׁ אֵשׁ Hi Ew §217 g; and Job 8:17 according to אֵשׁ Ew Di 1 (Di 2 undecided).

בֵּין preposition between (Biblical Hebrew [ בֵּין,] בֵּין; אֵשׁ, בֵּין, בֵּינֵי Syriac ܒܪܝܬ, ܢܝܢ), Daniel 7:5; with suffix 3 plural masculine בֵּינֵיהוֹן Daniel 7:7 Kt (Qr 3 plural feminine בֵּינֵיהֶן).

Cognates:

• Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ
• Ethiopic ነጻት

¹ Baer: Reference to the Masoretic text edition by Seligman Baer.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0996:

No stats available

שור שׁוּר

the traveler [ox]

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שור

Shûwr

Definition

Shur, a region of the Desert

Root

the same as H7791 (שור);

Exhaustive

the same as שור; Shur, a region of the Desert; Shur.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7793

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

I. To see, behold, view, look at, or to interest oneself in; to look sharply at, to lie in wait, to spy (Qal/Pi.). Also: to resound, to howl, to sing, to praise, to celebrate (Pi./Hif./Hof.).

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

II. Intransitive: to go, to repair to; to draw near, to approach; to bring forward, offer, present gifts; to travel, to journey (refers to processions and caravans).

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

III. Transitive: to view, to look at (with the accusative).

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

IV. (Not used) Transitive: to surround, to enclose, to strengthen round about, of a wall (cognate in sense with חוֹמָה).

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

V. (Not used) To plough, to cultivate (related to breaking through or fruit/animals).

שׁוּר

verb (aramaic) • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

(Aram. Trans.) Same as the Hebrew שׁוּר IV (to surround/enclose).

שׁוּר

noun feminine • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

1. A lier in wait, a lurker. 2. A garden-wall, over which branches mount up or stretch. 3. Proper name of a desert tract east of Egypt.

שׁוּר

proper noun • Strongs / High • Page 1403

A region of the desert, lying between Palestine and Egypt, on the shore of the Red Sea.

שׁוּר

noun masc. • Root שורא • Strongs / High • Page 1403

A wall (masculine).

שׁוּר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1403

I. To turn away (intransitive), same as סוּר I.

שׁוּר

verb • Root שיר • Strongs / High • Page 1403

II. 1. To saw, serrare; to cut in pieces. 2. (not used) to divide, to measure.

שׁוּר

verb • Root שר • Strongs / High • Page 1403

III. To rule, to govern; to overcome, overpower. Hif. הֵשִׁיר to make to rule, to make princes.

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1403

IV. To put in a row, to arrange (transitive).

שׁוּר

verb • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1404

(Kal not used) To guide, to lead a herd; metaphorically, to rule. Hifil (הֵשִׁישׁ, fut. יָשִׁישׁ): to guide, to lead.

שׁוּר

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1416

A verb related to שׁוּר, שִׁירָה; see שׁוּר I.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׁוּר

i. v. fut. יָשׁוּר • Page 662

to see, behold, view. Particularly (1.) to look down (Cant. 4:8), (2.) to look graciously (Hos. 14:9), (3.) to lay wait (Jer. 5:26, Hos. 13:7), (4.) to regard (Job 33:14).

שׁוּר

ii. v. • Page 662

to go, to travel, journey. Used in reference to caravans and traffic (Ezek. 27:25). Deriv. שְׁוּרָה a present.

שׁוּר

iii. v. • Root שיר • Page 662

Equivalent to (i. q.) שִׁיר to sing.

שׁוּר

i. m. dec. i. • Root שרר • Page 662

an enemy (Ps. 92:12). Equivalent to (i. q.) שֹׁרֵר.

שׁוּר

ii. dec. i. • Page 662

1. a wall (Gen. 49:22, Ps. 18:30). Plur. שׁוּרוֹת (Job 24:11). 2. proper name of a city on the borders of Egypt towards Palestine (Gen. 16:7, 20:1, Ex. 15:22).

שׁוּר

chald. • Page 662

a wall (Ezra 4:13, 16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7793

III. שׁוּר (approximate number of occurrences: 6) proper name, of a location — southwest of Palestine, on east border of Egypt.

— דֶּרֶךְ שׁוּר Genesis 16:7 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source), towards Egypt Genesis 25:18 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה 1 Samuel 27:8; מִדְּבַּר־שׁוּר Exodus 15:22 (Jehovist Source).

Often supposed to denote properly the 'wall' or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian kings across isthmus of Suez; but dubious: compare Driver¹.

¹ S. R. Driver in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (Hast. DB), article "Shur".

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

Noun proper name

LXX: σουρ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7793:

σουρ 5× (76.3%)

ויגר וַיָּגָר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גור

gûwr

Definition

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather forhostility (as afraid)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather forhostility (as afraid); abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell, fear, gather (together), inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in awe, (be) stranger, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1481

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גּוּר

noun masculine • Root גרר • Strongs / High • Page 314

A whelp, especially of a lion.

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 314

I. To gather themselves together, to crowd together with hostile design; figuratively, to turn into a house, to lodge (as a stranger), to dwell.

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

To turn oneself, to shrink back, but mostly in the definite sense to be afraid; to be concerned, anxious; in a good sense, to have reverence, awe.

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

To roll, to turn round, of round, heavy things. (Kal unused).

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

1. to glow, to seethe, to boil up, to ferment. 2. to be angry, to be zealous, to be exasperated. 3. to stir up, to incite, to kindle.

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

intransitive. to suck, of young animals, properly to moisten, to draw in moisture. (not used in Kal).

גּוּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

a young animal that sucks, generally a whelp, catulus, particularly of the lion.

גּוּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Strongs / High • Page 315

a dwelling, a hospice.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גּוּר

verb • Page 133

I. 1. to sojourn, to dwell anywhere for a time, to live as not at home (Gen. 12: 10, 19: 9, 20: 1, Judg. 17: 7, Ruth 1: 1, Is. 11: 6, Ps. 120: 5, Job 19: 15, Ex. 3: 22, Is. 33: 14, Ps. 15: 1).

גּוּר

verb • Root גור • Page 134

2. To gather together, to assemble. Used in context of groups assembling or lying in wait. (Ps. 56:7, 59:4, 140:3, Is. 54:15).

גּוּר

verb • Page 134

II. 1. To be afraid (Job 19:29, Num. 22:3, Deut. 1:17, 32:27). 2. To fear, reverence, worship (Ps. 22:24, 33:8).

גּוּר

noun masculine • Page 134

A young animal, a whelp, cub, catulus. Usually applied to a young lion (Gen. 49:9, Ezek. 19:3) or a jackal (Lam. 4:3). Plural: גּוּרִים and גּוֹרוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1481

I. גּוּר (approximate number of occurrences: 98) verb — sojourn.

Cognates:

• Arabic جَارَ turn aside, tarry
• Aramaic גּוּר
• Ethiopic Eth. (in derivatives)

— Qal Perfect גָּר Genesis 35:27 (3 times), וְגָר consecutive Isaiah 11:6; גַּרְתָּה Genesis 21:23; גַּרְתִּי Genesis 32:5, Psalm 120:5; גָּרוּ Exodus 6:4; Imperfect יָגוּר Exodus 12:48 (12 times), וַיָּ֫גָר Genesis 20:1 (2 times); suffix יְגֻרְךָ Psalm 5:5; 3 feminine singular וַתָּ֫גָר 2 Kings 8:2; 2 feminine singular תָּגוּרִי 2 Kings 8:1; cohortative אָגוּרָה Psalm 61:5; יָגוּרוּ Isaiah 16:4; Imperative גּוּר Genesis 26:3, גּוּ֫רִי 2 Kings 8:1; Infinitive construct גּוּר Genesis 12:10 (17 times); Participle גָּר Deuteronomy 18:6, Judges 17:7 (17 times); feminine construct גָּרַת Exodus 3:22; plural גָּרִים Leviticus 25:6 (8 times); construct גָּרֵי Job 19:15.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sojourn, dwell for a time

Dwell as a new-comer (compare גֵּר) without original rights:

• Genesis 19:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 18:6
• Judges 17:7–9
• Genesis 12:10; Genesis 20:1; Genesis 21:23, 34; Genesis 32:5; Genesis 47:4 (all Jehovist/Elohist Sources)
• Of patriarchs in Canaan: Genesis 26:3 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 35:27; Exodus 6:4 (both Priests' Code)
• Psalm 105:12 = 1 Chronicles 16:19
• 2 Kings 8:1–2 (seven years)
• Exodus 3:22 (Elohist Source) גָּרַת בַּיִת of a woman in another's house as lodger or guest; גָּרֵי בַיִת Job 19:15
• figurative of worshipper in Yahweh's house: Psalm 15:1; Psalm 61:5
• figurative of evil: לֹא יְגָֻֽרְךָ רָ֑ע Psalm 5:5 evil cannot be a guest of thine
• Of the גֵּר in Israel: Exodus 12:48–49; Leviticus 16:29 (all Priests' Code); Leviticus 19:33–34; Leviticus 25:6, 45 (all Holiness Code)
• Israelites in Egypt: Deuteronomy 26:5; Isaiah 52:4; Psalm 105:23

b. Abide, stay, or dwell

• Jeremiah 43:5; Lamentations 4:15; Jeremiah 49:18, 33; Job 28:4
• Of wolf dwelling with lamb: Isaiah 11:6
• Stay (inactive): Judges 5:17

— in Isaiah 5:17 read perhaps, for גָּרִים, גְּדָיִם or כָּרִים (compare Septuagint³, Lowth⁴, Ewald⁵, Dillmann¹).

Hithpolel Participle מִתְגּוֺרֵר 1 Kings 17:20 seek hospitality with, followed by עִם.

---

II. [גּוּר] verb — stir up strife, quarrel.

Qal Perfect גָּר Isaiah 54:15; Imperfect יָגוּר Isaiah 54:15, יָגוּרוּ Psalm 56:7, Psalm 59:4, Psalm 140:3; Infinitive absolute גּוֺר Isaiah 54:15.

1. stir up strife
   • absolute גּוֺר יָגוּר Isaiah 54:15
   • Followed by עַל Psalm 59:4
   • Followed by accusative מִלְחָמוֺת Psalm 140:3
2. quarrel, followed by אֶת with Isaiah 54:15

---

III. [גּוּר] verb — dread (compare יָגֹר).

Qal Imperfect וַיָּגָר Numbers 22:3, 1 Samuel 18:15; 2 masculine singular תָּגוּר Deuteronomy 18:22; אָגוּר Deuteronomy 32:27; plural יָגוּרוּ Psalm 33:8, Job 41:17, Hosea 10:5; תָּגוּרוּ Deuteronomy 1:17; Imperative גּוּרוּ Psalm 22:24, Job 19:29.

1. be afraid of, followed by מִמְּנֵי Numbers 22:3, Deuteronomy 1:17, 1 Samuel 18:15; with מִן Job 41:17; with accusative Deuteronomy 32:27
2. stand in awe of, followed by מִן Psalm 22:24, Psalm 33:8

¹ August Dillmann.

² T. K. Cheyne.

³ Septuagint (Greek Version).

⁴ Robert Lowth.

⁵ Heinrich Ewald.

⁶ Aben Ezra.

⁷ David Kimchi.

⁸ Gesenius' Hebrew Lexicon (Thesaurus).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: παρῴκησεν προσκειμένῳ παροικεῖν προσηλύτων προσήλυτοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H1481a:

παρῴκησεν 5× (4.9%)

προσκειμένῳ 5× (4.4%)

παροικεῖν 4× (4.1%)

προσηλύτων 4× (3.5%)

προσήλυτοι 3× (3.1%)

προσέλθῃ 3× (3.1%)

κατοικεῖν 3× (3.1%)

παροικεῖ 3× (3.1%)

παρῴκει 3× (3.0%)

παροικῆσαι 3× (3.0%)

בגרר בִּגְרָר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גרר

Gᵉrâr

Definition

Gerar, a Philistine city

Root

probably from H1641 (גרר); a rolling country;

Exhaustive

probably from גרר; a rolling country; Gerar, a Philistine city; Gerar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1642

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גְּרָר

proper noun • Root גרר • Strongs / High • Page 341

A place in Philistia, a distinct kingdom. Ruins south of Gaza are still called Gerâr.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גְּרָר

noun proper • Root גרר • Page 148

Proper name of a city of the Philistines and residence of a king (Gen. 20:1, 26:1). Mentioned as the valley of Gerar (Gen. 26:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1642

I. גְּרָר (approximate number of occurrences: 10) proper name, of a location — south of Gaza.

Identifications:

• Usually identified with modern Umm Jerâr (Bd^{Pal 159}; Guérin^{Judée ii. 257 ff.})
• Possibly Wady Jerûr west of ‘Ain Qadîs (Trumbull^{Kadesh Barnea 61 ff.}; cf. Guthe^{ZPV viii. 1885, 215})

— גְּרָר Genesis 20:2; Genesis 26:6, 20, 26; 2 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 14:13; גְּרָ֫רָה Genesis 10:19, Genesis 26:1; נַ֫חַל גְּרָר Genesis 26:17; וַיָּגָר בִּגְרָר Genesis 20:1.

¹ Karl Baedeker, Palestine and Syria: Handbook for Travellers (1876).

² Victor Guérin, Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine: Judée (1869).

³ Henry Clay Trumbull, Kadesh-Barnea: Its Importance and Probable Site (1884).

⁴ Hermann Guthe, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (ZPV) viii. (1885).

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: γεραρων γεδωρ γεραρα γεραροισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1642:

γεραρων 4× (41.6%)

γεδωρ 2× (21.6%)

γεραρα 2× (18.4%)

γεραροισ 2× (18.4%)

RBT Translation:

And Father-of-Tumult is pulling-up from there earth-ward of the Dry-South,⁶⁹⁶ and is sitting between Holy⁶⁹⁷ and between Wall and is offroading in Dragged.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Abraham will remove from thence to the land of the south, and will dwell between Kadesh and between Shur, and will sojourn in Gerar.

LITV Translation:
And Abraham moved from there to the land of the Negeb, and lived between Kadesh and Shur, and stayed in Gerar.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Abraham removed thence to the southern country, and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar.

Footnotes

696

Genesis 20:1

Left⇒Down, Right⇒Up

South, we learned, is “Right”, and now we see it also means “upward”. At this point you can be thinking about the Kingdom of Israel dividing into two—the “North” and the “South” a.k.a. “Left” and “Right”, upward, and downward. The upside of Right and downside of Left is illustrated in the staging of the leaders next to Ezra over his right hand and from the left hand,

“Ezra the Counter is standing-firm over a tower of wood, which they have made to the Word. And they are standing-firm beside-him Gift-of-Yah, and Report, and Yah-Answers, and Flame-of-Yah, and My-Portion-is-Yah, and Work-of-Yah, over his right hand. And from his left Ransom-of-Yah, and Who-Which-God, and My-King-Yah, and Enriched, and Plotting-Judge, Yah-Remembers, Allied.” Nehemiah 8:4 literal

Perhaps the reason the vernacular “left hand” doesn’t exist in Hebrew but only “left” is that the left hand gets cut-off…

697

Genesis 20:1

Strong’s #6946: Kadesh. Holy, set-apart