Genesis 12:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויקרא וַיִּקְרָא

and he is summoning/reading

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קרא

qârâʼ

Definition

to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root (rather identical with H7122 (קרא) through the idea of accosting a person met);

Exhaustive

a primitive root (rather identical with קרא through the idea of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications); bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָרָא

verb • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to call

קָרָא

verb • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1292

To cry, raise the voice loud, call, cry out (intr.); to call upon, implore God; to proclaim, announce, preach; to praise, celebrate aloud; to name, assign a name (trans.).

קָרָא

verb • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1293

To call (to name, to be named); to call together, to invite (to an assembly or feast); to summon (for defense or tribunal); to call forth, to appoint; to choose; to read aloud, to proclaim. (Nif'al: To be called, celebrated, named, read, or reckoned as belonging to someone).

קָרָא

verb • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1293

(Pi'el: קֵרֵא) To strike upon or hit against a thing; hence to meet, to happen, to befall. (Nif'al: נִקְרָא) To go or come to one, to encounter a person (accidentally), to be met with, to meet by chance, to happen. (Hif'il: הִקְרִיאָ) To cause to happen or befall, misfortune.

קָרָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1294

To call, summon, invite; to proclaim, publish; to read; to name.

קָרָא

verb qal • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1293

To call, call out, cry, proclaim; to call together, convoke; to invite; to summon (to tribunal); to call forth, appoint; to call into existence; to choose; to name or be called; to read aloud, declaim.

קָרָא

verb • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1293

To be called, chosen, to be named.

קָרָא

verb qal • Root קרא • Strongs / High • Page 1293

II. Properly to strike upon or hit against a thing; hence to meet, to happen, to befall (with a double accusative).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָרָא

verb • Page 593

I. to call. Subordinate significations include: (1) to call a person or thing; (2) to call out to any one (Is. 6:3); (3) to call on for help (Ps. 4:4); (4) to call together, an assembly (Joel 1:14); (5) to invite, bid (1 Sam. 9:13); (6) to announce, proclaim (Joel 4:9); (7) to celebrate, praise (Prov. 20:6); (8) to call, choose, appoint (Is. 42:6); (9) to invoke or praise the name of Jehovah (Gen. 4:26).

קָרָא

verb • Page 594

Continuation of previous entry: 2. to name; construed with an accus. of the name and a dative of the person or thing (Gen. 1:5, 4:26). 3. to read (Ex. 24:7, Deut. 17:19). Niph: 1. to be called (Jer. 44:26); 2. to be named (Gen. 2:23, 1 Sam. 9:9). Pu: 1. to be called (Ezek. 10:13); 2. to be named (Is. 48:12, 65:1).

קָרָא

verb • Root קרה • Page 594

II. i.q. קָרָה to meet or befal a person, spoken of an event or destiny (Gen. 49:1, 42:4). Infinitive לִקְרַאת used as a preposition meaning to meet (Gen. 46:29, Ex. 4:27) or over against (Gen. 15:10). Niph: to meet, spoken of persons (Ex. 5:3) or things (Deut. 22:6). Hiph: to cause to happen (Jer. 32:23).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7121

I. קָרָא (approximate number of occurrences: 724) verb — call, proclaim, read.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read
• Phoenician קרא call
• Arabic قرأ read aloud, recite, القرآن the Qur’ān
• Aramaic קְרָא, קְרֵי call, etc., so Old Aramaic קרא, Nabatean id., Palmyrene id., קרה

— קָרָא Qal₆₅₅ Perfect קָרָא Genesis 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular consecutive וְקָרָאת Isaiah 7:14¹; 2 masculine singular קָרָאתָ Judges 12:1 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְרָא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix יִקְרְאוֺ Jeremiah 23:6, אֵהוּ- Isaiah 41:2 +; 1 singular אֶקְרָא Deuteronomy 32:3 +, וָאֶקְרָא 1 Samuel 28:15²; 3 feminine plural וַתִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 4:17 (twice in verse), וַתִּקְרֶאנָ Numbers 25:2; 2 feminine plural תִּקְרֶאנָה Ruth 1:20, 21, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרָא Judges 7:3 +, suffix קְרָאֵנִי Psalm 50:15, etc.; Infinitive construct קְרָא 1 Samuel 3:6 +, קְרֹאות (Baer אֹת-) Judges 8:1³; suffix קָרְאִי Psalm 4:2 +, etc.; Participle active קוֺרֵא Amos 5:8 +, קֹרֵא Jeremiah 1:15 +; plural קֹרִאים Psalm 99:6⁴; passive קָרוּא Esther 5:12; plural קְרוּאִים 1 Samuel 9:22; Ezekiel 23:23, קְרֻאִים 1 Samuel 9:13 +; construct קְרוּאֵי Numbers 1:16 Qr (Kt קריאי), Numbers 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי, see קָרִיא).

1. Uttering sound

a. call, cry, utter a loud sound

• Judges 9:7; 2 Samuel 18:25 (in 2 Samuel 18:28 read וַיִּקְרַב⁵)
• Jeremiah 4:6; Daniel 8:16 (+ אמר)
• For help: Genesis 39:15, 18 (Jehovist Source)
• Explicitly בְּקוֺל גְּדוֺל Genesis 39:14 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 18:27–28
• With אַחֲרֵי person 1 Samuel 20:37, 1 Samuel 24:8

b. call cry, object in oratio recta (direct speech)

• Judges 7:20
• 1 Samuel 3:4 (read שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁמוּאֵל⁷)
• Leviticus 13:45 (= utter, speak)
• Of command Genesis 45:1 (Elohist Source)

2. Call unto and invocation

a. call unto some one

• אֶל person: Genesis 3:9; Genesis 19:5; Exodus 3:4
• Unto God (אֶל י׳): Psalm 66:17; 1 Chronicles 4:10
• Usually for help: Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 12:17–18
• To God (ל י׳): Job 14:14; Psalm 57:3

b. cry for help, absolute

• Zechariah 7:13; Isaiah 58:9; Psalm 4:2

c. ק׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ (invocation)

• Genesis 4:26; Genesis 12:8; 2 Kings 5:11
• With name of Baal: 1 Kings 18:24–26

3. Proclaim

a. with accusative of thing proclaimed

• Amos 4:5; Genesis 41:43
• Proclaim a fast (ק׳ צוֺם): 1 Kings 21:9, 12
• Proclaim peace to: Judges 21:13; Deuteronomy 20:10

b. ק׳ שֵׁם י׳ (proclaim name)

• Deuteronomy 32:3; Psalm 99:6; Exodus 33:19 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)

4. Read

a. read aloud

• In a roll or book: Jeremiah 36:6, 8, 14
• Exodus 24:7 (Elohist Source); 2 Kings 23:2

b. read to oneself

• Deuteronomy 17:19; 2 Kings 19:14

5. Summon and invite

a. with ל person

• Genesis 12:18; Genesis 20:8–9; 1 Samuel 3:5
• Invite to feast: Exodus 34:15; 1 Samuel 16:3, 5

b. with accusative of person

• Genesis 41:8, 14; Amos 5:16
• Passive participle (guests): 1 Samuel 9:13, 22; Zephaniah 1:7

6. Call = Name

a. call one's name so and so (2 accusatives)

• Of person: Genesis 3:20; Genesis 4:25–26; Hosea 1:4, 6, 9
• Of places: Genesis 4:17; Genesis 11:9; Judges 18:29

b. give name to (ל person/location)

• Genesis 1:5; Genesis 1:8; Genesis 2:19; Exodus 33:7

Niph`al

— Perfect 3 masculine singular נִקְרָא Jeremiah 4:20 +; 1 singular נִקְרֵאתִי Esther 4:11; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקָּרֵא Genesis 2:23 +; Participle נִקְרָא Isaiah 43:7.

1. reflexive, call oneself
   • Isaiah 48:2
2. passive, be called, named, summoned
   • Be read aloud: Nehemiah 13:1; Esther 6:1
   • Be named: Genesis 2:23; 1 Samuel 9:9; Isaiah 1:26
   • Denoting ownership (עַל נִקְרָא שֵׁם י׳): Jeremiah 15:16; Deuteronomy 28:10; Amos 9:12

Pu`al

— Perfect 3 masculine singular קֹרָא be called, Isaiah 48:8; Ezekiel 10:13; Isaiah 58:12; Isaiah 61:3; Participle מְקרָאִי Isaiah 48:12.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 74g.

² GKC, § 48d; E. Nestle, Margiana (1901), 15.

³ GKC, § 74h.

⁴ GKC, § 74i, 75oo.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen; confirmed by Septuagint; S. R. Driver.

⁶ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ Septuagint; Thenius; Wellhausen; Driver; Kittel; Budde; H. P. Smith.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐκάλεσεν ἐπωνόμασεν ἐβόησεν ἀνέγνω ἐκλήθη

LXX Usage Statistics

H7121:

ἐκάλεσεν 170× (21.5%)

ἐπωνόμασεν 23× (2.9%)

ἐβόησεν 17× (2.0%)

ἀνέγνω 16× (2.0%)

ἐκλήθη 16× (2.1%)

κληθήσεται 15× (2.0%)

καλέσαι 14× (1.9%)

ἐκάλεσα 14× (1.9%)

ἐκέκραξα 12× (1.7%)

ἐκάλεσαν 12× (1.5%)

פרעה פַרְעֹה

Pharaoh

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרעה

Parʻôh

Definition

Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings

Root

of Egyptian derivation;

Exhaustive

of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings; Pharaoh.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6547

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּרְעֹה

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1195

A proper masculine noun (Egyptian) being a title of the native Egyptian kings (Pharaoh).

Matched via consonantal key only

פְּרָעָה

fem. prop. • Root פרע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1195

Supremacy, concrete a prince, leader, used to describe when the princes led the way in Israel. Also from the head of the princes of the enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּרְעֹה

noun • Page 554

in Greek Φαραώ, Pharaoh, the name of nearly all the kings of Egypt mentioned in the Old Testament, strictly a mere title of royalty. Gen. XL. XLI. XLVII.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6547

I. מַּרְעֹה (approximate number of occurrences: 275) noun masculine — Pharaoh.

Etymology and Cognates:

• Greek Φαραω
• Egyptian pr-±o (great house, of royal court, and in new kingdom, of king)¹
• Assyrian pir°u²

— מַּרְעֹה absolute Genesis 12:15 (3 times); Genesis 12:17 (212 times in Hexateuch, 19 times in Kings); Isaiah 19:11 (twice) + 3 times; Jeremiah 25:19 + 10 times; Ezekiel 17:17 + 12 times; Nehemiah 9:10; 1 Chronicles 4:18; 2 Chronicles 8:11; Psalm 135:9; Psalm 136:15; Song of Songs 1:9.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Title of Egyptian kings

• (+ מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם) (not early) Jeremiah 25:19; Jeremiah 46:17; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; Ezekiel 29:2–3; Ezekiel 30:21–22; Ezekiel 31:2; 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 9:16; 1 Kings 11:18; 2 Kings 17:7; 2 Kings 18:21 (= Isaiah 36:6)
• Genesis 41:46 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 6:11, 13, 27, 29; Exodus 14:8 (Priests' Code)

b. Used with proper names

• מַּרְעֹה חָפְרַע Jeremiah 44:30
• מַּרְעֹה נְכֹה Jeremiah 46:2; 2 Kings 23:29, 33, 34, 35

¹ F. Ll. Griffith in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible; E. Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, i. 59; Steindorff, Beiträge zur Assyriologie, i. 343.

² E. Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT); but see Winckler, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft (MVAG), 1898, 3f.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: φαραω '' βασιλεῖ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6547:

φαραω 257× (94.9%)

'' 6× (1.9%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.6%)

לאברם לְאַבְרָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אברם

ʼAbrâm

Definition

Abram, the original name of Abraham

Root

contracted from H48 (אבירם); high father;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H87

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַבְרָם

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 58

n. p. of the progenitor of the Hebrews afterwards named אַבְרָהָם; (Ab is elevated).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַבְרָם

proper name • Page 23

father of elevation, or high father. See אֲבְרָהָם.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H87

I. אַבְרָם proper name, masculine (idem, Thesaurus and others exalted father) — Abram Genesis 11:26, Genesis 11:27 (57 times) Genesis (to Genesis 17:5) + 1 Chronicles 1:27; Nehemiah 9:7; = אַבְרָהָם Abraham Genesis 17:5, Genesis 17:9, Genesis 17:15 (172 times) Old Testament. (אַבְרָהָם connected Genesis 17:5 by word-play with הָם of הָמוֹן; really = רֹם + אַבְרָם = רָהָם which however is not found in Hebrew — compare Dillmann¹ > Halévy Revue des Études Juives 1887, 177 f who proposes אֲבִיר הָם גּוֹיִם compare Genesis 49:21 with Isaiah 41:21; so that אֲבִיר הָם chief of multitude is the new name of Genesis 17:5 (הָם) √הָמָה). Spiegel Randglossen 14 compare Palestinian proper name geography ḥ‡r° °brru = חֶקֶל אַבְרָם (compare Egyptian article masculine), in Sheshonk list. As regards etymology, Nöldeke l.c. and others explained as 'the father [a divine title] is exalted' (compare יְהוֹרָם, מַלְכִּירָם, חִירָם [אֵל]).

¹ A. Dillmann, Die Genesis, Leipzig, 1892.

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0087:

No stats available

ויאמר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

מה מַה־

what/why/how!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מה

mâh

Definition

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses

Root

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4100

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Root מה • Strongs / High • Page 815

An interrogative pronoun, meaning 'what?'. It has various applications, including direct and indirect questions, functioning as a substantive ('what of...'), expressing quality ('what kind of...'), conveying reproach or negation, serving as an exclamation of wonder ('how...!'), and meaning 'whatever' or 'why'.

מָה

interrogative pronoun / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 816

An interrogative pronoun and adverb with various meanings including: what?, why?, how?, in what way?

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 817

how what! = but how! how great! An interrogative pronoun, what? Also signifies 'on account of that, for that'.

מָה

aramaic pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 817

Aramaic interrogative pronoun, same as Hebrew. what? whatever, quidquid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָה

interrog. pron. / particle • Page 358

1. what? spoken of things (Judg. 11:12; 2 Sam. 16:10, 19:23; Jer. 2:18; Hos. 14:9). 2. without an interrogation, what, whatever, something, any thing (Prov. 9:13; 2 Sam. 18:23; Job 13:13, 14; Ecc. 1:9, 3:15, 22:6; Dan. 10:10 (Aram.)). 3. before substantives, what, of what sort, qualis (Josh. 22:16; 1 Sam. 28:14; 1 K. 9:13). 4. how? (Gen. 44:16; Ex. 10:26; Gen. 28:17). 5. wherefore? (Judg. 8:1; Ps. 42:12). 6. not (Cant. 8:4; Job 16:6, 31:1, 20, 24).

מָה

interrog. pron. • Page 358

Chald. what, as in Heb. with and without an interrogation. מָה דִי that which (Dan. 2:28). Combined with prepositions: (1.) כְּמָה how, how very (Dan. 3:33). (2.) לְמָה דִי lest, that not (Ezra 4:22, 7:23).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4100

I. מָה (rarely מָהֿ, מַהֿ, מַהּ, מֶה, מַּ, מָ; see GKC¹ §37) pronoun interrogative and indefinite — what? how? aught.

Cognates:

• Aramaic מָא
• Arabic ما
• Assyrian minû
• Ethiopic ment

1. Interrogative what?

a. In a direct question, before either verbs or nouns

• Genesis 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done?
• Genesis 15:2 מה־תתן־לי what wilt thou give me?
• Exodus 3:13 מַה־שְּׁמוֺ
• Zechariah 1:9 מה אלה
• Haggai 2:3 = as what? (qualem?)
• (a) followed by substantive in apposition: Genesis 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע what profit?
• (b) מַה־זֶּה what now? 1 Samuel 10:11; Genesis 3:13 מַה־זּאֹת עָשִׂיתָ
• (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee? (what aileth thee?): Genesis 21:17 מַה־לָּךְ הָגָר

b. In an indirect question

• Genesis 2:19 to see מה־יקרא־לו what he would call it
• Exodus 2:4 לדעת מה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לו
• Micah 6:5, Micah 6:8 (approximating relative)

c. Of what kind? (with insinuation of blame or contempt)

• Genesis 37:10 מה החלום הזה
• 1 Samuel 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה

d. Rhetorical negative (answer "little" or "nothing" expected)

• Genesis 23:15 מה היא what is it? (i.e., insignificant)
• Psalm 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him?
• (c) formula of repudiation: Judges 11:12 מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what have I to do with thee?

e. Whatsoever

• Judges 9:48 מה ראיתם עשׂיתי whatever ye see me do
• Ecclesiastes 1:9 מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה (late idiom)

2. Used adverbially

a. As an interrogative (how? why?)

• Genesis 44:16 מַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves?
• Exodus 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק why criest thou unto me?

b. As an exclamation, how...!

• Genesis 28:17 מַה־נּוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place!
• Psalm 8:2 מה אדיר

3. Indefinite pronoun anything, aught

• Numbers 23:3 וּדְבַר־מַה־יַּרְאֵנִי the matter of aught
• 2 Samuel 18:22 וִיהִי־מָה happen what may

4. With prepositions

a. בַּמָּה, בַּמֶּה wherein? whereby?

• Genesis 15:8; Judges 16:5

b. יַעַן מֶה because of what?

• Haggai 1:9

c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה how much? how many?

• Genesis 47:8; Psalm 78:40

d. לָ֫מָּה, לָ֫מֶה why? for what reason?

• Genesis 4:6 למה חרה לך
• Genesis 27:45 למה אשׁכל (approximating lest)
• Daniel 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה lest

e. עַד־מָה until when? how long?

• Psalm 74:9; Psalm 79:5

f. עַל־מָה, עַל־מֶה wherefore? upon what?

• Job 38:6; Numbers 22:32

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Pronoun interrogative

LXX: τί τίσ τίνι ἐστιν ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4100:

τί 516× (62.9%)

τίσ 44× (5.6%)

τίνι 29× (3.2%)

ἐστιν 24× (2.6%)

ὡσ 14× (1.8%)

'' 13× (1.4%)

---% 11× (1.1%)

τίνοσ 11× (1.3%)

τι 10× (1.1%)

--- 10× (1.3%)

זאת זֹּאת

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זאת

zôʼth

Definition

this (often used adverb)

Root

irregular feminine of H2089 (זה);

Exhaustive

irregular feminine of זה; this (often used adverb); hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she, so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing), thus.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֹאת

pronoun / demonstrative / feminine • Root זה • Strongs / High • Page 422

A feminine demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this'. It is also used as a neuter pronoun for 'this'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זֹאת

pronoun • Root זה • Page 196

this, fem. of זֶה (q.v.)

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2063

I. זֶה (demonstrative pronoun and adverb) masculine; feminine זֹאת (once זֹאתָה Jeremiah 26:6 Kethibh; also זֹה and זוֺ); common זוּ — this, here.

Cognates:

• Phoenician זֶ, זן, feminine זא
• Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Egypt זי (Genitive marker), זנה, feminine זא
• Ethiopic ze (this), feminine zā, za (who)
• Arabic ذا, ذه, ذات, هذا
• Sabean דֿן, feminine דֿת
• Biblical Aramaic דִּי, דְּנָה, feminine דָּא
• Syriac ܕ, ܗܢܐ, ܗܕܐ
• Samaritan ד, דן, feminine דה
• Mandean ד, דהֿ, האדין

The root זבב (compare Arabic ذبّ go hither and thither) is the probable source of the demonstrative element ז, widely diffused in Semitic languages.

1. Standing alone

a. This one (sometimes contemptuously)

• Genesis 2:23 (+ לָזֹאת)
• Genesis 5:29
• Genesis 12:12
• 1 Samuel 10:27
• 1 Samuel 21:16 (+ אֶת־זֶה)
• 1 Samuel 25:21 (+ לָזֶה)

b. In a neuter sense (of an act or event)

Most common as זֹאת:

• Genesis 3:14
• Genesis 45:19
• Amos 8:4
• Isaiah 47:8
• 1 Samuel 20:2 (+ אֵין זֹאת)
• Job 33:12

c. Repeated

זֶה ... זֶה this ... that, the one ... the other:

• Exodus 14:20
• 1 Kings 3:23
• Isaiah 6:3
• Psalm 75:8

2. In apposition to a substantive

a. Preceding the substantive (rare)

• Exodus 32:1, 23 (+ משֶׁה)
• Judges 5:5
• Isaiah 23:13
• Psalm 104:25

b. Following the substantive

(α) When determined by a pronominal suffix:

• Genesis 24:8
• Deuteronomy 5:16
• Judges 6:14

(β) With the article הַזֶּה / הַזּאֹת following a noun with the article:

• Genesis 7:1
• Genesis 12:7
• Genesis 32:11 (+ הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה)

3. As predicate

• 1 Samuel 24:17
• 2 Kings 9:37
• Genesis 5:1
• Job 18:21 (meaning such)

4. Enclitic usage with interrogatives and other words

a. With interrogatives

• אֵיזֶֿה (where then?) Job 28:12
• מִיזֶֿה (who then?) 1 Samuel 17:55; Psalm 24:8
• מַהזֶֿה (how now?) Genesis 27:20; 1 Samuel 10:11
• מַהזּֿאֹת (what is this?) Genesis 3:13
• לָמָּהזֶּֿה (wherefore now?) Genesis 18:13

b. In other combinations

• הַאַתָּה זֶה 2 Samuel 2:20; 1 Kings 18:7
• הִנֵּה זֶה 1 Kings 19:5; Isaiah 21:9
• עַתָּה זֶה 1 Kings 17:24; 2 Kings 5:22
• With periods of time: Genesis 31:38; Genesis 45:6; Numbers 14:22

5. Relative pronoun in poetry

• Psalm 74:2
• Psalm 78:54
• Psalm 104:8
• Proverbs 23:22

6. With prefixes

a. בָּזֶה in this place, here

• Genesis 38:21–22
• Numbers 23:1
• Esther 2:13 (of time: then)

b. בְּזֹאת on these conditions / by this

• Genesis 34:15
• Exodus 7:17
• Leviticus 26:27 (in spite of this)
• Isaiah 5:25 (+ בְּכָל־זֹאת)

c. כָּזֶה thus / such as this

• Genesis 41:38
• Judges 18:4 (+ כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה)

d. מִזֶּה from here, hence

• Genesis 37:17
• Exodus 17:12 (מִזֶּה ... מִזֶּה on one side... on the other)

e. עַל זֶה / עַל זֹאת on this account

• Lamentations 5:17
• Amos 8:8
• Jeremiah 4:8

Note: The reading זֶה in 1 Samuel 17:34 in some editions is a typographical error for שֶׂה (sheep).

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² David Heinrich Müller (DHM), Sendschriften.

³ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W-SG).

⁴ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

⁵ Fleischer, Kleinere Schriften (Fl).

Particle demonstrative

LXX: ταύτην ταῦτα τοῦτο αὕτη ταύτησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2063:

ταύτην 91× (16.3%)

ταῦτα 73× (12.9%)

τοῦτο 70× (12.4%)

αὕτη 67× (12.1%)

ταύτησ 50× (9.0%)

ταύτῃ 26× (4.6%)

οὗτοσ 25× (4.4%)

τούτῳ 20× (3.3%)

οὕτωσ 19× (3.3%)

τούτου 18× (3.2%)

עשית עָשִׂיתָ

you have made

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

לי לּי

to myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

למה לָ֚מָּה

why

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מה

mâh

Definition

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses

Root

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4100

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Root מה • Strongs / High • Page 815

An interrogative pronoun, meaning 'what?'. It has various applications, including direct and indirect questions, functioning as a substantive ('what of...'), expressing quality ('what kind of...'), conveying reproach or negation, serving as an exclamation of wonder ('how...!'), and meaning 'whatever' or 'why'.

מָה

interrogative pronoun / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 816

An interrogative pronoun and adverb with various meanings including: what?, why?, how?, in what way?

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 817

how what! = but how! how great! An interrogative pronoun, what? Also signifies 'on account of that, for that'.

מָה

aramaic pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 817

Aramaic interrogative pronoun, same as Hebrew. what? whatever, quidquid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָה

interrog. pron. / particle • Page 358

1. what? spoken of things (Judg. 11:12; 2 Sam. 16:10, 19:23; Jer. 2:18; Hos. 14:9). 2. without an interrogation, what, whatever, something, any thing (Prov. 9:13; 2 Sam. 18:23; Job 13:13, 14; Ecc. 1:9, 3:15, 22:6; Dan. 10:10 (Aram.)). 3. before substantives, what, of what sort, qualis (Josh. 22:16; 1 Sam. 28:14; 1 K. 9:13). 4. how? (Gen. 44:16; Ex. 10:26; Gen. 28:17). 5. wherefore? (Judg. 8:1; Ps. 42:12). 6. not (Cant. 8:4; Job 16:6, 31:1, 20, 24).

מָה

interrog. pron. • Page 358

Chald. what, as in Heb. with and without an interrogation. מָה דִי that which (Dan. 2:28). Combined with prepositions: (1.) כְּמָה how, how very (Dan. 3:33). (2.) לְמָה דִי lest, that not (Ezra 4:22, 7:23).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4100

I. מָה (rarely מָהֿ, מַהֿ, מַהּ, מֶה, מַּ, מָ; see GKC¹ §37) pronoun interrogative and indefinite — what? how? aught.

Cognates:

• Aramaic מָא
• Arabic ما
• Assyrian minû
• Ethiopic ment

1. Interrogative what?

a. In a direct question, before either verbs or nouns

• Genesis 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done?
• Genesis 15:2 מה־תתן־לי what wilt thou give me?
• Exodus 3:13 מַה־שְּׁמוֺ
• Zechariah 1:9 מה אלה
• Haggai 2:3 = as what? (qualem?)
• (a) followed by substantive in apposition: Genesis 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע what profit?
• (b) מַה־זֶּה what now? 1 Samuel 10:11; Genesis 3:13 מַה־זּאֹת עָשִׂיתָ
• (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee? (what aileth thee?): Genesis 21:17 מַה־לָּךְ הָגָר

b. In an indirect question

• Genesis 2:19 to see מה־יקרא־לו what he would call it
• Exodus 2:4 לדעת מה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לו
• Micah 6:5, Micah 6:8 (approximating relative)

c. Of what kind? (with insinuation of blame or contempt)

• Genesis 37:10 מה החלום הזה
• 1 Samuel 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה

d. Rhetorical negative (answer "little" or "nothing" expected)

• Genesis 23:15 מה היא what is it? (i.e., insignificant)
• Psalm 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him?
• (c) formula of repudiation: Judges 11:12 מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what have I to do with thee?

e. Whatsoever

• Judges 9:48 מה ראיתם עשׂיתי whatever ye see me do
• Ecclesiastes 1:9 מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה (late idiom)

2. Used adverbially

a. As an interrogative (how? why?)

• Genesis 44:16 מַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves?
• Exodus 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק why criest thou unto me?

b. As an exclamation, how...!

• Genesis 28:17 מַה־נּוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place!
• Psalm 8:2 מה אדיר

3. Indefinite pronoun anything, aught

• Numbers 23:3 וּדְבַר־מַה־יַּרְאֵנִי the matter of aught
• 2 Samuel 18:22 וִיהִי־מָה happen what may

4. With prepositions

a. בַּמָּה, בַּמֶּה wherein? whereby?

• Genesis 15:8; Judges 16:5

b. יַעַן מֶה because of what?

• Haggai 1:9

c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה how much? how many?

• Genesis 47:8; Psalm 78:40

d. לָ֫מָּה, לָ֫מֶה why? for what reason?

• Genesis 4:6 למה חרה לך
• Genesis 27:45 למה אשׁכל (approximating lest)
• Daniel 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה lest

e. עַד־מָה until when? how long?

• Psalm 74:9; Psalm 79:5

f. עַל־מָה, עַל־מֶה wherefore? upon what?

• Job 38:6; Numbers 22:32

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Particle interrogative

LXX: τί τίσ τίνι ἐστιν ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4100:

τί 516× (62.9%)

τίσ 44× (5.6%)

τίνι 29× (3.2%)

ἐστιν 24× (2.6%)

ὡσ 14× (1.8%)

'' 13× (1.4%)

---% 11× (1.1%)

τίνοσ 11× (1.3%)

τι 10× (1.1%)

--- 10× (1.3%)

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

הגדת הִגַּדְתָּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נגד

nâgad

Definition

properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise; bewray, [idiom] certainly, certify, declare(-ing), denounce, expound, [idiom] fully, messenger, plainly, profess, rehearse, report, shew (forth), speak, [idiom] surely, tell, utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5046

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Strongs / High • Page 941

To rise, swell out, be prominent (e.g., of high land or the breast); to be arched. Metaphorically: to be in front, be before, or be opposite; to be manifest, visible, clear. (The Kal form of this verb is unused).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Page 424

in Kal not used. Probably literal to be before. Hiph. הִגִּיד: 1. to declare, show, make known (Gen. 3:11; 9:22; 29:12; 37:5; Ezek. 43:10; Job 26:4; 42:3). 2. to announce, publish (Ps. 111:6; 9:12; 71:17; 92:3; 75:10). 3. to betray (Job 17:5). 4. to solve a riddle (Judg. 14:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5046

I. נָגַד (approximate number of occurrences: 363) verb — be conspicuous.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew in derivatives
• Phoenician proper name, masculine נגד
• Arabic نجد conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; high land or country; be courageous, vigorous, effective, courageous, efficient
• Aramaic נְגַד drag, draw, lead; נָגוֺדָא leader
• Ethiopic ነገደ travel

— Hiphil (328 times) Perfect הִגִּיד Genesis 3:11 +; 3 feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 Samuel 25:19 +; הִגַּדְתָּ Genesis 12:8 + etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיד 1 Samuel 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Genesis 9:22 +; suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isaiah 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Jeremiah 9:11; יַגֵָּֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:7 (jussive), etc.; Imperative הַגֵּד 2 Samuel 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Genesis 29:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַגֵּד Judges 14:12 (twice); הַגֵּיד Jeremiah 36:16; construct לְהַגִּיד Genesis 32:6 +; לגיד 2 Kings 9:15 Ketiv (Qere לְהַגִּיד); Participle מַגִּיד Genesis 41:24 +; feminine מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esther 2:20; plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judges 14:19.

— declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indirect object Genesis 3:11 + often; insert also 1 Samuel 12:7; 2 Samuel 13:34 (Septuagint, Thenius, Wellhausen, Klostermann, Driver, Kittel, Budde, so HPS); followed by אֶל Exodus 19:9; 1 Samuel 3:15; followed by לִפְנֵי 1 Samuel 17:31; Psalm 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Job 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵי Jeremiah 36:20; followed by בְּ local (instead of indirect object) chiefly prophets Jeremiah 4:5; Jeremiah 5:20; Jeremiah 31:10 +; also 1 Samuel 4:13; 2 Samuel 1:20; 2 Kings 9:15; Micah 1:10; rarely followed by accusative of person 2 Samuel 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS, or הֻגַּד We Dr Kit, Septuagint Vulgate Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 Kings 7:9, 11; Ezekiel 43:10; Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37; followed by direct object in accusative Genesis 45:13 + often; followed by clause with כִּי Genesis 3:11 + often; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; followed by clause with מָה Genesis 29:15; Judges 16:15; Esther 8:1 +; followed by clause with מִי 2 Kings 6:11; followed by clause with אֵיבָה Songs 1:7, once followed by clause with הֲ Genesis 43:6, etc.; often no direct object, followed by לֵאמֹר Exodus 13:8; 1 Samuel 25:14 +; followed by וַיּאֹמֶר Genesis 47:1 +; followed by עַל concerning, 1 Samuel 27:11; Esther 6:2; often indirect object omitted 1 Samuel 24:19 +; direct object omitted Judges 13:10 +; both omitted Leviticus 5:1 +].

In Hexateuch rarely P (Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 14:35; Exodus 16:22); J (Genesis 3:11; Genesis 12:18; Exodus 13:8 18 times); E (Genesis 21:6; Genesis 31:20; Genesis 41:25 15 times); D (Deuteronomy 17:9; Deuteronomy 26:3; Deuteronomy 30:18 5 times).

1. Tell, announce, report

Usually human subject:

• Genesis 9:22
• Genesis 24:23
• Leviticus 14:35 (Priests' Code)
• Judges 13:6
• 1 Samuel 3:18
• Nehemiah 2:12
• Psalm 142:3

2. Declare, make known, expound

Especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious:

• Genesis 3:11
• 1 Kings 10:3
• A riddle: Judges 14:12, 15, 16, 19
• Dream or secret: Daniel 2:2; Job 11:6
• Of God as revealing: Genesis 41:25 (+ יהוה); Micah 6:8; Psalm 147:19

3. Inform of (play the informer)

• Joshua 2:14, 20
• Jeremiah 20:10
• Leviticus 5:1
• Proverbs 29:24

4. Publish, declare, proclaim

Especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of God:

• Psalm 9:12
• Psalm 22:32
• Psalm 92:3
• Subject heavens: Psalm 19:2; Psalm 50:6; Psalm 97:6

5. Avow, acknowledge, confess

• Isaiah 3:9
• Psalm 38:19
• Isaiah 48:6

Participle = messenger:

• 2 Samuel 15:13
• Jeremiah 51:31
• הַנַּעַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 1:5, 6, 13
• הָאִישׁ הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 18:11

— Hophal Perfect הֻגַּד Joshua 9:24 +; Imperfect וַיֻּגַּד Genesis 22:20 +; Infinitive absolute הֻגֵּד Joshua 9:24; Ruth 2:11; — be told, announced, reported, always followed by לְ (sometimes impersonal, logical subject in accusative, compare Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11, with feminine Isaiah 21:2; not in Priests' Code).

• Genesis 27:42 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 31:22 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 17:4; Joshua 9:24 (Deuteronomic Source)
• Followed by לֵאמֹר Genesis 22:20; Genesis 38:13; 1 Samuel 15:12
• Followed by clause with כִּי Exodus 14:5; 1 Samuel 23:7; 1 Kings 2:29

¹ HPS: Henry Preserved Smith, Commentary on the Books of Samuel (International Critical Commentary).

² Septuagint (Codex Vaticanus/Alexandrinus).

Verb Hiphil perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπήγγειλεν ἀπηγγέλη ἀνήγγειλαν ἀνήγγειλεν ἀνηγγέλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5046:

ἀπήγγειλεν 49× (12.8%)

ἀπηγγέλη 27× (6.8%)

ἀνήγγειλαν 21× (5.2%)

ἀνήγγειλεν 16× (4.1%)

ἀνηγγέλη 15× (3.9%)

ἀναγγελεῖ 13× (3.5%)

ἀπαγγελῶ 10× (2.7%)

ἀναγγεῖλαι 10× (2.6%)

ἀπαγγεῖλαι 10× (2.8%)

ἀναγγείλατε 9× (2.5%)

לי לִּי

to myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

אשתך אִשְׁתְּךָ

your woman

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשה

ʼishshâh

Definition

a woman

Root

feminine of H376 (איש) or H582 (אנוש); irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as H582 (אנוש))

Exhaustive

feminine of איש or אנוש; irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as אנוש); a woman; (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H802

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

noun masculine • Root אש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Sacrificial fire, altar-flame, a burning; specifically a sacrifice.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Woman, wife, female; also applied to animals (female) and metaphorically to things with weak or feminine characteristics.

אֶשָּׁה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Fire.

אָשָׁה

verb • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

(Not used) To be firm, close, to be firmly fitted together; to support.

בָּאְשָׁה

noun feminine • Root באש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 217

a stink-weed, bad or poisonous weed.

לְאִשָּׁה

prepositional phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 757

Into a woman; as in 'Lord God built the rib into a woman'.

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה

verb • Root נשא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 992

To lead home a wife, to marry.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

m. const. אִשֵּׁה / plur. const. אִשֵּׁי • Root אש • Page 75

Firing, something on fire, an offering. A generic word including every species of offering. Lev. 24:7, 9; Ex 29:18, 25, 41; Lev. 1:9, 13, 17, etc. Plur. אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה Lev. 2:3, 10.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנוש איש • Page 75

1. woman—Applied as a designation of sex, even in animals, Gen. 7:2. 2. wife, hence אֵשֶׁת אָב 'father’s wife' (stepmother), Lev. 18:8. Often with genitives denoting quality (e.g., lovely woman, Prov. 11:16). 3. with אָחוֹת or רְעוּת for 'the one... the other.' 4. some one. 5. every one. Ex. 3:22.

אֵשָׁה

noun feminine • Root אש • Page 75

i. q. (equivalent to) אֵשׁ 'fire'. This is the best explanation of the Kethib in Jer. 6:29.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H802

I. אִשָּׁה (approximate number of occurrences: 775) noun feminine — woman, wife, female.

Cognates:

• Arabic عربي
• Sabean אנתת etc. (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift für Keilschriftforschung 1884, 360)
• Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܠܗܐ
• Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא
• Ethiopic አማርኛ።
• Phoenician אשת
• Assyrian aššatu (Curtis and Ward, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Genesis, Glossary)

— אִשָּׁה absolute Genesis 2:23 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Genesis 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deuteronomy 21:11; 1 Samuel 28:7; Psalm 58:9 but compare Bö § 728 Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §130.5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Genesis 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Genesis 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Psalm 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשִּׁים Ezekiel 23:44 (Cornill reads לְעַשִּׁוֹת); נָשִׁים Genesis 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Genesis 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Genesis 30:26; 1 Kings 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Exodus 22:23 +, etc.

1. woman Genesis 3:1, 2; Genesis 12:11 +; opposed to man Genesis 2:22, 23; Exodus 35:29; Exodus 36:6; Deuteronomy 7:2, 5; Deuteronomy 22:22; 1 Samuel 21:5 +; emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Ecclesiastes 7:28 (parallel to אָדָם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jeremiah 50:37; Jeremiah 51:30; note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Numbers 31:18 (Priests' Code / Narrative); as conceiving Exodus 2:2; Leviticus 12:2; 2 Samuel 11:5 +; travailing Jeremiah 13:21; bearing children Judges 13:24; 1 Kings 3:18; compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isaiah 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Genesis 18:11; דֶּרֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35; with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת אִשָּׁה nursing woman, nurse Exodus 2:7; זוֹנָה אִשָּׁה harlot Joshua 2:1; Joshua 6:22; Judges 11:1; Judges 16:1; 1 Kings 3:16; Proverbs 6:26; Jeremiah 3:3; Ezekiel 16:30; Ezekiel 23:44; so זָרָה אִשָּׁה Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5; compare also Ezekiel 23:44 above; מְנָאֶפֶת אִשָּׁה adulteress Proverbs 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Proverbs 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hosea 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 Kings 11:1, 8; Ezra 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Nehemiah 13:26, 27 (compare Nehemiah 13:23); חֲכָמָה אִשָּׁה wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 Samuel 14:2; 2 Samuel 20:16, etc.; also מִלְּגֶשׁ אִשָּׁה concubine Judges 19:1, 27; אַלְמָנָה אִשָּׁה widow 2 Samuel 14:5; 1 Kings 11:26; 1 Kings 17:9, 10; נְבִיאָה אִשָּׁה prophetess Judges 4:4; also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָע Proverbs 6:24; בְּסִילוּת אִשָּׁה Proverbs 9:13; חֵן אִשָּׁה Proverbs 11:16; חַיִל אִשָּׁה Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 31:10; Ruth 3:11; מִדְיָנִים אִשָּׁה Proverbs 21:9; Proverbs 25:24; Proverbs 27:15; וָכָעַס כִּמְאִשָּׁה Proverbs 21:19.
2. wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Genesis 2:24, 25; Genesis 3:8, 17; Genesis 4:1, 17 + often; of one betrothed (אָרֻס) Deuteronomy 20:7; Deuteronomy 28:30; בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exodus 21:3, 22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judges 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Genesis 2:22; Genesis 12:19; Genesis 16:3; Genesis 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָיְתָה, woman subject) Genesis 20:12; Numbers 36:3, 6 (twice in verse); Numbers 36:11, 12; Deuteronomy 22:19, 29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֲיִיקֶךָ Deuteronomy 13:7; compare Deuteronomy 28:54; נְעוּרֶיךָ אִשָּׁה Proverbs 5:18; Malachi 2:14, 15; בְּרִיתֶךָ אִשָּׁה Malachi 2:14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Leviticus 18:8, 11; Leviticus 20:11.
3. female of animals Genesis 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below 4.
4. With distributive and reciprocal sense, מֵאַחַת אִשָּׁה רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exodus 11:2 (Elohist Source); compare Ruth 1:8, 9; Jeremiah 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Isaiah 34:15 compare Isaiah 34:16 (strike out Bickell Cheyne); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3; of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zechariah 11:9; and of inanimate things (Priests' Code / Narrative, and late) אֵל אַחַתָּהּ אִשָּׁה Exodus 26:3 (twice in verse); Exodus 26:5, 6, 17 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Ezekiel 1:9 (strike out Cornill) Ezekiel 1:23; Ezekiel 3:13.

אַנְתָּה (the root of the pronoun 2 person in Semitic: ܐܠܗܐ, ሀሁሂ anta; feminine ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ: antâ; Biblical Aramaic Kt אַנְתָּה (masculine), Qr אַנְתְּ and אַתְּ (both masculine and feminine); Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, feminine ܐܢܐ, the n being written but not pronounced; Assyrian atta, feminine atti-e Delitzsch § 55 a, the nt being merged in the double t; Hebrew similarly. Plural ܐܠܗܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܘܡܬܐ, አማሪከ feminine ܐܠܗܐ, አማሪከ Aramaic אַנְתּוּן, ܒܪܝܬ, feminine אַתִּין, ܒܪܝܬ; Assyrian attunu).

II. אִישׁ (root of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אִישׁ, אִשָּׁה).

¹ D. H. Müller, Die Propheten in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, Vienna, 1896.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0802:

No stats available

הוא הִוא׃

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

And Pharaoh is calling-out for Father-of-Height, and is saying, `What is this-one you have made to-myself? Why have you not fronted to-myself, for himself is your woman?

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Pharaoh will call to Abram, and will say, What this thou didst to me? why didst thou not declare to me that she is thy wife?

LITV Translation:
And Pharaoh called for Abram and said, What is this you have done to me? Why did you not tell me she is your wife?

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Pharaoh having called Abram, said, What is this thou hast done to me, that thou didst not tell me that she was thy wife?