Ezra 4:20

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ומלכין וּמַלְכִין

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H4428 (מלך);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

H4430:

No stats available

תקיפין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין

mighty ones!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תקיף

taqqîyph

Definition

powerful

Root

from H8630 (תקף);

Exhaustive

from תקף; powerful; mightier.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8623

תקיף

taqqîyph

Definition

{powerful}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H8623 (תקיף)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to תקיף; {powerful}; mighty, strong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8624

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תַּקִּיף

m. adj. verbal from תָּקַף • Root תקף • Page 725

Strong, mighty. Ecc. 6: 10.

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8623:

No stats available

H8624:

No stats available

הוו הֲווֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hâvâʼ

Definition

to be (in the sense of existence)

Root

or הוה; a primitive root (compare H183 (אוה), H1961 (היה)) supposed to mean properly, to breathe;

Exhaustive

or הוה; a primitive root (compare אוה, היה) supposed to mean properly, to breathe; to be (in the sense of existence); be, [idiom] have.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1933

הוא

hâvâʼ

Definition

to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)

Root

(Aramaic) or הוה; (Aramaic), corresponding to H1933 (הוא);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) or הוה; (Aramaic), corresponding to הוא; to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words); be, become, [phrase] behold, [phrase] came (to pass), [phrase] cease, [phrase] cleave, [phrase] consider, [phrase] do, [phrase] give, [phrase] have, [phrase] judge, [phrase] keep, [phrase] labour, [phrase] mingle (self), [phrase] put, [phrase] see, [phrase] seek, [phrase] set, [phrase] slay, [phrase] take heed, tremble, [phrase] walk, [phrase] would.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1934

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

וָא

root • Root וא • Consonantal / Low • Page 418

A simple organic root (not used) for the reduplicated stem וָוָה, from which the noun וָו (hook) is derived; meaning to rivet together, to hook together.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Verb peal perfect third person masculine plural

LXX: '' ἔσται ἐθεώρουν ἔστω ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1933b:

'' 14× (16.2%)

ἔσται 8× (10.9%)

ἐθεώρουν 7× (9.5%)

ἔστω 5× (6.8%)

--- 4× (5.4%)

δεῖ 3× (4.1%)

ἔσονται 3× (4.1%)

γενέσθαι 3× (3.5%)

ὦσιν 2× (2.7%)

ἑώρακασ 2× (2.7%)

H1934:

No stats available

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

על

ʻal

Definition

{above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H5921 (על)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to על; {above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications}; about, against, concerning, for, (there-) fore, from, in, [idiom] more, of, (there-, up-) on, (in-) to, [phrase] why with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5922

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

H5922:

No stats available

ירושלם יְרוּשְׁלם

Foundation of Peace

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירושל͏ם

Yᵉrûwshâlaim

Definition

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

Root

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of H3390 (ירושלם))); probably from (the passive participle of) H3384 (ירה) and H7999 (שלם); founded peaceful;

Exhaustive

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of ירושלם)); probably from (the passive participle of) ירה and שלם; founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine; Jerusalem.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3389

ירושלם

Yᵉrûwshâlêm

Definition

{Jerusalem}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H3389 (ירושל͏ם)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to ירושל͏ם; {Jerusalem}; {Jerusalem}

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3390

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלֵם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1438

see יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ

noun proper feminine • Root ירה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 647

Jerusalem. (originating in יְרֻשָׁלֵם) n. p. f. the metropolis of the Israelite kingdom from David onward.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם

proper noun • Root , ירה שלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

Jerusalem, the name of a city in Palestine. The name was also used for its inhabitants, and poetically as an image of beauty.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

An alternate Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֶם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

The Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלַם

proper name • Page 682

Jerusalem. Gen. 14:18. Ps. 76:3. Its appellative signification here is health, peace, i. q. שָׁלוֹם.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιερουσαλημ pεἰσ --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3389:

ιερουσαλημ 564× (80.9%)

pεἰσ 47× (7.5%)

ιερουσαλημ 25× (3.4%)

--- 16× (2.6%)

'' 12× (1.6%)

pἐν 11× (1.8%)

pἐπὶ 5× (0.8%)

[a] 2× (0.2%)

H3390:

No stats available

ושליטין וְשַׁלִּיטִין

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שליט

shallîyṭ

Definition

potent; concretely, a prince or warrior

Root

from H7980 (שלט);

Exhaustive

from שלט; potent; concretely, a prince or warrior; governor, mighty, that hath power, ruler.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7989

שליט

shallîyṭ

Definition

mighty; abstractly, permission; concretely, a premier

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H7989 (שליט);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to שליט; mighty; abstractly, permission; concretely, a premier; captain, be lawful, rule(-r).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7990

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁלִּיט

adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1433

Mighty, of a king; subst. a ruler, a magistrate, a satrap.

Matched via consonantal key only

שַׁלִּיט

noun masculine • Root שלט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1433

One having power, a ruler, a hero, one who has power over the wind.

Matched via consonantal key only

שַׁלִּיט

adjective (aramaic) • Root שלט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1433

Mighty, of a king; subst. a ruler, a magistrate, a satrap. (Aram.)

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׁלִּיט

noun masculine • Root שלט • Page 679

1. adj. having power over any thing, construed with בְּ. Ecc. 8: 8. 2. subst. a mighty or powerful man, a ruler. Ecc. 7: 19. 10: 5. Gen. 42: 6.

שַׁלִּיט

chald. adj. • Page 679

1. mighty, powerful, having power. Dan. 2: 10. 4: 23. [4: 26.] 2. construed with לְ, permitted to be done. Ezra 7: 24. 3. subst. a powerful man, a ruler, officer. Dan. 2: 15. 5: 29. Ezra 4: 20.

Conjunction, Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7989:

'' 4× (28.5%)

H7990:

No stats available

בכל בְּכֹל

within the whole

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

כל

kôl

Definition

{properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H3605 (כל)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to כל; {properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)}; all, any, + (forasmuch) as, + be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there (where) -fore, + though, what (where, who) -soever, (the) whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3606

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

H3606:

No stats available

עבר עֲבַר

crossed over

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עבר

ʻêber

Definition

properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)

Root

from H5674 (עבר);

Exhaustive

from עבר; properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east); [idiom] against, beyond, by, [idiom] from, over, passage, quarter, (other, this) side, straight.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5676

עבר

ʻăbar

Definition

{properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H5676 (עבר)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to עבר; {properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)}; beyond, this side.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5675

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵבֶר

aram. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1049

Aram. same as Hebr. עֶבֶר I (bank, margin).

עֵבֶר

aram. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1049

Aram. same as Hebr. עֶבֶר II (side, flank).

עֵבֶר

noun / noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1050

Side, edge, region beyond or across. Used geographically, especially referring to the East Jordan-land (Transjordan) and is the source of the appellation 'Hebrew'.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲבַר

noun masculine • Root עבר • Strongs / High • Page 1049

Aram. m. same as Hebr. עֵבֶר bank-district, coast-district; hence עֲבַר נַהֲרָא the western bank-district of the Euphrates.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲבַר

chald. (aramaic) • Page 489

The same as the Hebrew word (side); specifically עֲבַר נַהֲרָא 'the other side of the Euphrates' (Ezra 4:10 ff).

עֵבֶר

noun masculine • Page 489

1. What is on the other side (Gen. 50:10, 11; Deut. 1:1; Josh. 24:2, 3). 2. Sometimes that which is on this side (1 K. 4:24). 3. Side, quarter generally (1 Sam. 14:40). 4. Over against, in front, before (Josh. 22:11, Ex. 25:37). 5. Eber or Heber, proper name of the progenitor of the Hebrews (Gen. 10:24, 25; 11:14, 15). Used in poetry (Num. 24:24) for Hebrews.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πέραν ποταμοῦ '' πέρα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5676:

πέραν 64× (51.9%)

ποταμοῦ 13× (7.9%)

πέραν 9× (8.3%)

'' 5× (4.1%)

πέρα 3× (2.5%)

[f] 2× (1.6%)

δουλείαν 2× (1.6%)

ποταμοῦ 2× (1.4%)

κατὰ 2× (1.9%)

παρὰ 2× (1.9%)

H5675:

No stats available

נהרה נַהֲרָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נהר

nâhâr

Definition

a stream (including the sea; expectation the Nile, Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity

Root

from H5102 (נהר);

Exhaustive

from נהר; a stream (including the sea; expectation the Nile, Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity; flood, river.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5104

נהר

nᵉhar

Definition

a river, especially the Euphrates

Root

(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to H5102 (נהר);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to נהר; a river, especially the Euphrates; river, stream.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5103

a

Definition

the

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9010

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָהָר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Strongs / High • Page 951

1. streaming, current, running water. 2. a river, stream. Applied to rivers such as the Euphrates, Nile, and others, as well as smaller brooks.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְהַר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Strongs / High • Page 951

Used in the dual form נַהֲרַיִם (naharayim), meaning 'two rivers,' referring to the Euphrates and Tigris; hence Mesopotamia.

נְהַר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Strongs / High • Page 951

(Aramaic) a stream, a river; especially the Euphrates.

נְהַר

aramaic verb (aramaic) • Root נהר • Strongs / High • Page 957

Aramaic: to shine, lighten. Same as Hebrew נוּר I.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נְהַר

m. chald. • Page 431

A stream. Dan, 7: 10.

נָהָר

verb • Root נהר • Page 431

As in Aramean, to shine, to be clear, bright; hence figuratively to rejoice, to have a bright countenance. Ps. 34: 6. Is. 60: 5.

נָהָר

noun masculine • Root נהר • Page 431

A stream, river. Gen. 15:18 (Euphrates), Gen. 31: 21, Ex. 23: 31, Ps. 72: 8, Ezr. 8: 36, Jon. 2: 3. Dual נַהֲרַיִם (Mesopotamia, Gen. 24:10). Plur. נְהָרוֹת.

Noun common both singular determined, Particle affirmation

LXX: ποταμοῦ ποταμοὺσ ποταμῶν πέραν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5104:

ποταμοῦ 43× (27.3%)

ποταμοῦ 13× (6.1%)

ποταμοὺσ 12× (8.3%)

ποταμῶν 10× (7.2%)

πέραν 9× (6.4%)

ποταμοὶ 9× (5.9%)

ποταμὸσ 9× (5.8%)

ποταμὸν 8× (5.2%)

ποταμοῖσ 5× (3.1%)

ποταμῷ 5× (3.4%)

H5103:

No stats available

ומדה וּמִדָּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדה

middâh

Definition

properly, extension, i.e. height or breadth; also a measure (including its standard); hence a portion (as measured) or a vestment; specifically, tribute (as measured)

Root

feminine of H4055 (מד);

Exhaustive

feminine of מד; properly, extension, i.e. height or breadth; also a measure (including its standard); hence a portion (as measured) or a vestment; specifically, tribute (as measured); garment, measure(-ing, meteyard, piece, size, (great) stature, tribute, wide.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4060

מדה

middâh

Definition

tribute in money

Root

(Aramaic) or מנדה; (Aramaic), corresponding to H4060 (מדה);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) or מנדה; (Aramaic), corresponding to מדה; tribute in money; toll, tribute.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4061

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִדָּה

noun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 811

Aramaic, same as the Hebrew word מִדָּה.

מִדָּה

noun feminine • Root מדד • Strongs / High • Page 812

1. extension, length, tallness, dimension, width, continuance. 2. a measure, a measuring-line, measuring-reed. 3. gift, offering, tribute.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדָּה

noun feminine • Root מדד • Page 356

1. extension, great extent (1 Chr. 11: 23). 2. a measure, length measured out (Ex. 26: 2, 8). 3. a garment (Ps. 133: 2). 4. as in Chald. tribute (Neh. 5: 4).

מִדָּה

m. chald. • Page 356

tribute, pars cuivis demensa (Ezra 4: 20, 6: 3). Sometimes written מִנְדָּה (Ezra 4: 13, 7: 24).

מִנְדָּה

f. chald. • Root מרר • Page 384

Tribute, custom. i.q. מִדָּה (by a resolution of the Dagesh forte into Nun). Ezra 4:13, 7:24.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: μέτρον μέτρα --- μέτρου μέτρῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4060b:

μέτρον 15× (25.6%)

μέτρα 10× (13.5%)

--- 4× (7.3%)

μέτρου 4× (6.4%)

μέτρῳ 3× (5.2%)

διαμέτρησισ 3× (4.6%)

φόροι 2× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (2.5%)

H4061:

No stats available

בלו בְלוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בלו

bᵉlôw

Definition

excise (on articles consumed)

Root

(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to H1086 (בלה);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to בלה; excise (on articles consumed); tribute.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1093

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּלוֹ

noun feminine (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 247

Consumption; metaphorically a tax on articles consumed, excise, toll.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּלוֹ

noun • Page 100

A tax on consumable articles, an excise; or rather an oppressive tax; a tribute generally (Ezra 4:13, 20, 7:24).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1093:

No stats available

והלך וַהֲלָךְ

and he has walked

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הלך

hâlak

Definition

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Root

akin to H3212 (ילך); a primitive root;

Exhaustive

akin to ילך; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively); (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1980

הלך

hălâk

Definition

properly, a journey, i.e. (by implication) toll on goods at aroad

Root

(Aramaic) from H1981 (הלך);

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) from הלך; properly, a journey, i.e. (by implication) toll on goods at aroad; custom.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1983

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 401

An intransitive verb meaning to go, to walk, or to move forward in the widest sense. It applies to people, animals, and inanimate objects (e.g., a border extending, a report spreading, a ship sailing, the moon walking). The fundamental signification is varied by numerous prepositions indicating direction or manner, such as to go to/against (אֶל), to go with/accompany (עִם), to go after/follow (אַחֲרֵי), and to go before (לִפְנֵי).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 402

To go, to walk; to disappear, pass, retire; to stalk; also used as an auxiliary verb.

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go to

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֲלָךְ

noun masculine • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 402

A road-tax, a toll.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 186

To go, in whatever manner; applied to things animate and inanimate (e.g., ark floating, boundary extending, report circulating). Various constructions include: (1) with accusative 'to go through' (Deut. 1:19); (2) with 'ב' 'to go with' (Ex. 10:9); (3) with 'עם' or 'את' 'to be conversant with' (Job 34:8); (4) with 'אַחֲרֵי' 'to go after, follow' (Gen. 24:5, 37:17).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 187

To go, walk. (Continued senses on this page): 2. To walk, figuratively for to live. Ps. 15:2, Is. 33:15, Mic. 2:11. 3. To depart, to die. Gen. 15:2, Ps. 39:14. 4. To pass away, to perish. Ps. 78:39, Job 19:10, 14:20. 5. To run, flow (spoken of water). Is. 8:8, Joel 4:18, Ezek. 7:17, 21:12. 6. To go on, continue, last. Gen. 26:13, Judg. 4:24, 1 Sam. 14:19, 2 Sam. 5:10, 18:25, Gen. 8:3.

הֲלָךְ

m. chald. • Page 188

toll. Ezra 4: 13, 20. 7: 24.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἐπορεύθη ἐπορεύθησαν δεῦρο πορεύεσθαι ἀπῆλθεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1980:

ἐπορεύθη 192× (11.4%)

ἐπορεύθησαν 77× (4.7%)

δεῦρο 53× (3.5%)

πορεύεσθαι 52× (3.0%)

ἀπῆλθεν 50× (3.0%)

πορευθῆναι 39× (2.3%)

πορεύου 35× (2.3%)

πορεύσονται 35× (2.2%)

πορεύσομαι 34× (2.2%)

ἐπορεύετο 33× (2.1%)

H1983:

No stats available

מתיהב מִתְיְהֵב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהב

yâhab

Definition

to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come; ascribe, bring, come on, give, go, set, take.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3051

יהב

yᵉhab

Definition

{to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come}

Root

(Aramaic) corresponding to H3051 (יהב)

Exhaustive

(Aramaic) corresponding to יהב; {to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come}; deliver, give, lay, [phrase] prolong, pay, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3052

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָהַב

verb • Root יהב • Strongs / High • Page 587

To give; to reach forth, present; to ascribe; to procure; to set, appoint; to put; to lay, to lay upon a burden. The imperative form הָבָה is used as an exclamation for 'come!' or 'come on!'.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהַב

verb • Root יהב • Strongs / High • Page 587

(Aramaic) to give; to give into one's power; to deliver over, to give up; to put, to lay a foundation.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָהַב

verb • Root נתן • Page 274

To give, put, place; equivalent to נָתַן. Used in the preterite only in Ps. 55:23 ('cast upon Jehovah what he allots you'). Also used as: (1) give/give here (Gen. 29:21), (2) place/appoint (2 Sam. 11:15), (3) come on (Gen. 11:3).

יְהַב

verb • Root נתן • Page 274

1. To give (Dan. 2:37, 48). 2. To lay, place as a foundation (Ezra 5:16). Includes Ithpe. אֶתְיְהֵב 'to be given' (Dan. 4:13).

Verb hithpeel participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: δότε ἐνέγκατε ἐδόθη '' δὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3051:

δότε 8× (13.2%)

ἐνέγκατε 8× (12.2%)

ἐδόθη 5× (8.0%)

'' 5× (7.0%)

δὸσ 4× (6.6%)

δεῦτε 4× (6.6%)

ἔδωκεν 4× (6.1%)

ἀγαπήσει 2× (3.3%)

δόσ 2× (3.3%)

φέρετε 2× (3.3%)

H3052:

No stats available

להון לְהוֹן׃

to themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And strong kings were over Jerusalem, and ruling over all beyond the river: and tribute, excise, and, toll, being given to them.

LITV Translation:
There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, who have ruled over all Beyond the River. And tax, tribute, and forced labor were paid to them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And there were powerful kings in Jerusalem, and they ruled over all the country beyond the river, and abundant revenues and tribute were given to them.