Ezekiel 46:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ולא וְלֹא־

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יקח יִקַּח

he is taking

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לקח

lâqach

Definition

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, [idiom] many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3947

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָקַח

transitive verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 791

tr. to take, lay hold of, seize, with the hand; to catch; to take away from a thing.

לָקַח

verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

To take, take from; to take away, as prey, to kill; to conquer; to take along, lead; to procure, bring, fetch; to receive, accept, obtain; to undertake; to buy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָקַח

verb • Page 348

1. to take (often pleonastically). Gen. 12:5. 2. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8:3. 3. to take away. Gen. 4:12. 4. to take, capture, occupare. Num. 21:25. 5. to receive, obtain, acquire. Num. 23:20. 6. to admit, take up, receive. Prov. 2:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3947

I. לָקַח verb — take.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., especially buy, and (Niph`al) be taken in marriage
• Mesha Inscription¹ Imperfect ואקח
• Phoenician לקח
• Assyrian li‡û, la‡û²
• Arabic لقح conceive (of female), IV. impregnate
• Ethiopic לקח receive
• Zinjirli לקח
• Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras³ (Imperative קחי)

— לָקַח absolute Genesis 2:22 +; לָקָח֑ Genesis 27:36 + (קָח Ezekiel 17:5 is textual error); suffix לְקָחַנִי Genesis 24:7; לְקָחָם Jeremiah 27:20; 2 masculine singular לָקַחְתָּ Genesis 20:3 +; Imperfect יִקַּח Exodus 21:10 +; וַיִּקַּח (Numbers 16:1 read וַיָּקָם); 3 feminine singular תִּקַּח Genesis 38:23 +; 1 singular אֶקַּח Genesis 14:23 +; Imperative לְקַח Exodus 29:1; קַח Genesis 6:21 +; קְחָה Genesis 15:9; Infinitive absolute לָקוֺחַ Jeremiah 32:14; construct קַחַת Jeremiah 5:3 +; Participle active לֹקֵחַ Genesis 27:46 +; passive plural לְקֻחִים Proverbs 24:11.

1. Qal

1. take, take in the hand

• Exodus 7:15 (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 17:5 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 25:7 (Priestly Code)
• Genesis 8:9 (Yahwist Source)

2. take and carry along

• Genesis 43:12 (+ בְיֶדְכֶם)
• Joshua 9:11 (JE Source)
• Proverbs 7:20

3. take from or away

• a. take from / draw: Genesis 2:22 (rib from man); Judges 3:21 (draw sword)
• b. carry away: Ezekiel 3:14; figurative Job 15:12
• c. deprive of: Genesis 42:36; 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• d. take away life: 1 Kings 19:10; Psalm 31:14; Jonah 4:3

4. take for a person

• a. appropriate: Deuteronomy 7:25; 2 Kings 4:1
• b. procure / get: Exodus 5:11; Proverbs 9:7
• c. take possession: Deuteronomy 29:7; Psalm 109:8
• d. select / choose: Deuteronomy 4:20; Joshua 3:12
• e. take in marriage: Genesis 24:4 (for another); Genesis 4:19 (for oneself)
• f. receive / accept: 1 Samuel 12:3; 2 Kings 5:15; Isaiah 40:2; Job 4:11 (perceive sound)
• g. take preliminary to action: Joshua 2:4; Jeremiah 23:31 (make use of tongues)

5. put upon / take up

• 2 Samuel 13:19 (+ עַל); Deuteronomy 32:11

6. fetch / summon

• 1 Kings 17:10–11; Genesis 27:9; 1 Samuel 20:31

7. lead / conduct

• Genesis 48:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:6 (Yahwist Source)

8. capture / seize

• 1 Samuel 2:16; Job 40:24; Proverbs 6:25

9. carry off

• a. as booty: Genesis 14:11; 1 Kings 14:26
• b. as prisoners: Genesis 14:12; 2 Kings 23:34

10. take vengeance

• Jeremiah 20:10; Isaiah 47:3

2. Niph`al

1. be captured: 1 Samuel 4:11, 17, 19.

2. be taken away / removed: 1 Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 33:6; 2 Kings 2:9 (translation of Elijah).

3. be brought unto: Esther 2:8, 16.

3. Pu`al

1. be taken from / out of: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 3:19; Jeremiah 29:22.

2. be stolen from: Judges 17:2.

3. be taken captive: Jeremiah 48:46; Isaiah 52:5.

4. be taken away / removed: 2 Kings 2:10; Isaiah 53:8.

4. Hoph`al

1. be taken / brought: Genesis 12:15; Genesis 18:4.

2. be taken out of: Job 28:2; Ezekiel 15:3.

3. be taken away from: Isaiah 49:24, 25.

5. Hithpa`el

אֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּ֫חַת fire taking hold of itself (lightning): Exodus 9:24 (JE Source); Ezekiel 1:4.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), c. 850 B.C.E.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl^HWB), 384.

³ Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras; compare Cook, Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔλαβεν λαβὲ λήμψῃ ἔλαβον λήμψεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3947:

ἔλαβεν 254× (24.8%)

λαβὲ 73× (7.8%)

λήμψῃ 57× (5.7%)

ἔλαβον 57× (5.7%)

λήμψεται 50× (5.1%)

λαβεῖν 32× (3.4%)

λήμψονται 30× (3.0%)

λαβὼν 28× (2.7%)

λάβετε 25× (2.7%)

λήμψομαι 21× (2.1%)

הנשיא הַנָּשִׂ֜יא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נשיא

nâsîyʼ

Definition

properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist

Root

or נשא; from H5375 (נשא);

Exhaustive

or נשא; from נשא; properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist; captain, chief, cloud, governor, prince, ruler, vapour.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5387

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 995

1. an exalted, distinguished one, hence a prince, applied to kings, heads or princes of tribes, heads of families, generals. 2. one bearing, a bearer. 3. (only pl.) ascending vapour, a cloud.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Page 460

m. strictly part. pass. from נָשָׂא. 1. a prince. 1 K. 11: 34. Ezek. 12 : 10. Num. 7: 11 ff. 2. plur. נְשִׂיאִים vapours, which form clouds. Jer. 10 : 13. 51: 16. Ps. 135: 7. Prov. 25: 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5387

I. נָשִׂיא (approximate number of occurrences: 128) noun masculine — one lifted up, i.e. a chief prince.

— נָשִׂיא absolute Exodus 22:27 +; construct נְשִׂיא Genesis 23:6 +; plural נְשִׂיאִים Joshua 22:32 +, נְשִׂאִים Exodus 34:31 (7 times), נְשִׂיאִם Genesis 17:20 (3 times), נְשִׂאִם Exodus 35:27; construct נְשִׂיאֵי Exodus 16:22 +; suffix נְשִׂיאַי Ezekiel 45:8, נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:29, נְשִׂיאֵיהֶם Numbers 17:21, נְשִׂיאֵהֶם Numbers 17:17, etc.; — mostly in Israel:

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Chief man

• נ׳ בְּעַמְּךָ of any chief man, Exodus 22:27 (Elohist Source; human ruler, over against אֱלֹהִים)

b. Of Solomon

• 1 Kings 11:34. (Elsewhere only Ezekiel, P, Chronicles)

c. Patriarchs and Ishmaelite tribes

• Of Abraham Genesis 23:6
• Heads of Ishmaelite tribes Genesis 17:20; Genesis 25:16

d. Rulers of the congregation

• נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה Exodus 16:22; Joshua 9:15, 18; Joshua 22:30
• הַנּ׳ בָּעֵדָה Exodus 34:31
• Compare Exodus 35:27; Leviticus 4:22; Joshua 9:18b; Joshua 9:19, 21 (twice in verse); Joshua 17:4; Joshua 22:14 (3 times in verse); Joshua 22:32 (Priests' Code)

e. Tribal chiefs and representatives

• According to the religious organization of P, Numbers 1:16, 44; Numbers 2:3, and 57 times in Numbers (especially chapters 2, 7, 34; note נְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלֵּוִי Numbers 3:32)
• Compare 1 Chronicles 2:10; 1 Chronicles 4:38; 1 Chronicles 5:6; 1 Chronicles 7:40; 2 Chronicles 1:2; also 1 Kings 8:1 (probably gloss, omitted by ᵐ5³), 2 Chronicles 5:2

2. Usage in Ezekiel

a. Of Zedekiah

• Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 12:10, 12; Ezekiel 21:30 (see Böhmer⁴)
• + Ezekiel 19:1 (read singular ᵐ5)

b. Chief men of Judah

• Ezekiel 21:17; Ezekiel 22:6; Ezekiel 45:8, 9

c. Future Davidic king

• Ezekiel 34:24; Ezekiel 37:25, compare Ezekiel 44:3 (twice in verse) + 16 times in Ezekiel 45, 46, 48

d. Foreign princes

• Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:21; Ezekiel 30:13; Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 38:2, 3; Ezekiel 39:1, 18

3. Other occurrences

• Leader of exiles: returning under Cyrus, according to Ezra 1:8
• Non-Israel chiefs: in P: Genesis 34:2; Numbers 25:18; Joshua 13:21

---

II. [נָשִׂיא] noun masculine — rising mist, vapour.

Cognates:

• Arabic نَشِيء, نَشَاء

— only plural נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16, Psalm 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Proverbs 25:14.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ Septuagint.

⁴ Julius Böhmer, "Die Bedeutung von נָשִׂיא in Ezekiel," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) (1900), 112 ff.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄρχων ἄρχοντεσ ἀρχόντων ἀφηγούμενοσ ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5387a:

ἄρχων 47× (35.2%)

ἄρχοντεσ 21× (14.9%)

ἀρχόντων 10× (7.5%)

ἀφηγούμενοσ 7× (4.9%)

ἄρχοντα 6× (4.8%)

νεφέλασ 3× (2.5%)

--- 3× (2.5%)

ἄρχοντι 3× (2.3%)

ἀφηγούμενοι 3× (2.2%)

ἄρχοντασ 3× (2.2%)

מנחלת מִנַּחֲלַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נחלה

nachălâh

Definition

properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

Root

from H5157 (נחל) (in its usual sense);

Exhaustive

from נחל (in its usual sense); properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion; heritage, to inherit, inheritance, possession. Compare נחל.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5159

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַחֲלָה

noun feminine • Root נחל נחה • Strongs / High • Page 961

1. (from נחל I) a possession, property, inheritance; a portion or lot assigned. 2. (prop. נַחַל with a of motion) a brook. 3. (from נָחָה) the reduced one; sickness, misfortune.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נַחְלָה

f. verbal from נָחַל / dec. xii. e. • Root נחל • Page 437

1. an inheritance (Prov. 19:14). 2. a property, possession (Num. 18:21; Deut. 4:21; Josh. 13:23). 3. the lot or destiny of any one (Job 20:29; 27:13; 31:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5159

I. נַחֲלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 224) noun feminine — possession, property, inheritance (originally gift; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew).

— נַחֲלָה absolute Numbers 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Psalm 16:6 (Ges¹ § 90g), read נַחֲלָתִי Ew² SS³ We⁴ Kö⁵ ii. 1, 425; construct נַחֲלַת Joshua 13:23; suffix נַחֲלָתִי Ruth 4:6; נַחֲלַתְכֶם Psalm 105:11; plural נְחָלוֺת Isaiah 49:8, נְחָלֹת Joshua 19:51.

1. Property

a. In Canaan given by י׳ to Israel

• נחלת ישׂראל Judges 20:6
• יעקב נ׳ Isaiah 58:14
• especially אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה Deuteronomy 4:21; Deuteronomy 15:4; Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 20:16; Deuteronomy 21:28; Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Jeremiah 12:14

b. Distributive among tribes

• לְ נתן נ׳ Numbers 16:14; Numbers 36:2; Joshua 14:3 (restore לְ), Joshua 17:4, 14; Joshua 19:49 (all Priests' Code)
• לְ נתן לנ׳ Deuteronomy 29:7; Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:13 (all Later Deuteronomic Source)
• נָָֽחֲלוּ נחלה Joshua 17:6 (Jehovist Source)
• תֵּחָלֵק בּנ׳ Numbers 26:53, 56 (Priests' Code)
• נפל בּנחלה Numbers 34:2 (Priests' Code), Judges 18:1; Ezekiel 47:22
• הפיל בנ׳ Joshua 13:6; Joshua 23:4 (Later Deuteronomic Source), Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 47:22, also Ezekiel 47:22 (Cornill⁶ reads בּ for מִ)

c. Nations as possession

• of the people Psalm 111:6
• of the king Psalm 2:8

d. Levites have no property in the land

• Numbers 18:23–24; Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12
• their possession is י׳ Numbers 18:20 (Priests' Code)
• י׳ הוּא נחלתו Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 18:2; Joshua 13:14, 33 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• the tithes Numbers 18:21, 24, 26 (Priests' Code)

e. י׳ takes Israel as his property

• 1 Samuel 10:1; 1 Kings 8:53; 2 Kings 21:14; Isaiah 19:25; Micah 7:18; Psalm 33:12; Psalm 68:10; Psalm 106:5
• עם נחלה Deuteronomy 4:20 (Later Deuteronomic Source)
• עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 9:26, 29 (Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:51
• "" עַם Isaiah 47:6; Joel 2:17; Joel 4:2; Micah 7:14; Psalm 28:9; Psalm 78:62; Psalm 78:71; Psalm 94:5; Psalm 94:14; Psalm 106:40
• נחלת י׳ 1 Samuel 26:19; 2 Samuel 20:19; 2 Samuel 21:3
• נ׳ אלהים 2 Samuel 14:16
• יעקב חבל נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:9
• שׁבט נ׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19, Psalm 74:2
• שׁבטי נ׳ Isaiah 63:17
• the holy mountain Exodus 15:17 (Song), temple Jeremiah 12:7; Psalm 79:1, land Jeremiah 2:7; Jeremiah 12:8–9; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 50:11

2. Portion, share

a. Assigned by God

• Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 37:18; Psalm 127:3
• elsewhere "" חֵלֶק Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Job 31:2

b. By choice

• "" חֵלֶק, לא נ׳ לנו בבן ישׁי 2 Samuel 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = 1 Kings 12:16; 2 Chronicles 10:16

3. Inheritance (45 times)

• חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִּינוּ Genesis 31:14 (Elohist Source) portion or inheritance in the house of our father
• העביר נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:7–8 (Priests' Code) cause the inheritance to pass unto
• נתן נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:9, 10, 11 (Priests' Code), Job 42:15
• נחלת אבות Numbers 36:3, 8; 1 Kings 21:3–4; Proverbs 19:14
• נ׳ תהיה לבניו Ezekiel 46:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Heinrich Ewald, scholar cited.

³ C. Siegfried and B. Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Julius Wellhausen, scholar cited.

⁵ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁶ Carl Heinrich Cornill, scholar cited.

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: κληρονομίαν κληρονομία κληρονομίασ κλήρῳ κλῆροσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5159:

κληρονομίαν 58× (26.2%)

κληρονομία 38× (17.4%)

κληρονομίασ 27× (12.2%)

κλήρῳ 14× (6.2%)

κλῆροσ 13× (6.1%)

κληρονομίᾳ 12× (5.1%)

'' 7× (3.1%)

κλῆρον 5× (2.5%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

κατάσχεσιν 4× (1.8%)

העם הָעָ֗ם

the People

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

להונתם לְהוֹנֹתָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ינה

yânâh

Definition

to rage or be violent; by implication, to suppress, to maltreat

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rage or be violent; by implication, to suppress, to maltreat; destroy, (thrust out by) oppress(-ing, -ion, -or), proud, vex, do violence.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3238

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָנָה

verb / transitive • Root ינה • Strongs / High • Page 597

(I) (not used) To stamp, to push, to press; figuratively to subdue, oppress.

יָנָה

verb • Root ינה • Strongs / High • Page 618

To tread down, to oppress, to suppress, to extirpate. In Hifil (הֵינָה): to maltreat, to oppress, to overreach, to deceive, to torment, to thrust or push away.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָנָה

verb • Root ינה • Page 286

1. To exercise violence (Zeph. 3:1, Jer. 46:16). 2. To annihilate or destroy (Ps. 74:8). Hiph. הֹונָה: to oppress in civil matters, to overreach in buying and selling, or to dispossess (Ex. 22:20, Lev. 25:14, Ezek. 46:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3238

[יָנָה] verb — suppress, oppress, maltreat.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Hiph`il vex with words
• Aramaic Aph`el אוֺנִי, also Targum for Hebrew הוֺנָה maltreat
• Arabic ونى laxus, debilis fuit, IV. debilitavit, defatigavit (connection dubious)

1. Qal

— Imperfect 1 plural suffix נִינָם Psalm 74:8; Participle יוֺנָה Jeremiah 25:38 (3 times) + Psalm 123:4.

a. suppress (?)

• followed by accusative Psalm 74:8 (text dubious)

b. oppress

• Participle absolute as adjective הָעִיר הַיּוֺנָה Zephaniah 3:1
• substantive feminine collective הַיּוֺנָה oppressors Jeremiah 25:38 (but read חֶרֶב for חֲרוֺן, with Septuagint¹, Ew, Hi, Gf, Ke etc., as Jeremiah 46:16; Jeremiah 50:16)
• Psalm 123:4 Qr לִגְאֵי יוֺנִים proudest oppressors (stative construct in superlative, compare GKC² § 133, 3, R. 1; yet most follow Kt לּגּאייונים, and derive from גַּאֲיוֺן)

2. Hiph`il

— Perfect הוֺנָה Ezekiel 18:12, 16; הוֺנוּ Ezekiel 22:7, 29; Imperfect יוֺנֶה Ezekiel 18:7; 2 masculine singular תּיֹנֶה Exodus 22:20; תּוֺנֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 23:17; יוֺנוּ Ezekiel 45:8; תּוֺנוּ Leviticus 19:33 (2 times); תֹּנוּ Jeremiah 22:3; Infinitive suffix הוֺנֹתָם Ezekiel 46:18; Participle מוֺנַ֫יִךְ Isaiah 49:26.

oppress, maltreat, followed by accusative, especially of ill-treatment of poor and weak, particular of the גֵּר, the 'stranger,' sojourner, by the rich and powerful:

• Exodus 22:20 (Jehovist Source)
• Leviticus 19:33
• Leviticus 25:14, 17 (Holiness Code)
• Deuteronomy 23:17
• Jeremiah 22:3
• Ezekiel 18:7, 12, 16
• Ezekiel 22:7, 29
• Ezekiel 45:8
• Ezekiel 46:18
• of a foreign oppressor: Isaiah 49:26

יָנוֺחַ see נוח; יָנוּם see נום.

¹ Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: κατεδυνάστευσεν ἑλληνικῆσ θλιβέτω

LXX Usage Statistics

H3238:

κατεδυνάστευσεν 2× (11.0%)

ἑλληνικῆσ 2× (11.0%)

θλιβέτω 2× (11.0%)

מאחזתם מֵאֲחֻזָּתָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחזה

ʼăchuzzâh

Definition

something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land)

Root

feminine passive participle from H270 (אחז);

Exhaustive

feminine passive participle from אחז; something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land); possession.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H272

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

noun feminine • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 99

possession; properly that which is seized, laid hold of (especially land)

אָחֲזָה

verb • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

to take hold of

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

f. verbal • Root אחז • Page 39

Possession (Gen. 17:8. 23:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H272

I. אֲחֻזָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 66) noun feminine — possession.

— אֲחֻזָּה absolute Genesis 47:11 (11 times); construct אֲחֻזַּת Genesis 17:8 (21 times); suffix אֲחֻזָּתְךָ Psalm 2:8.

1. Forms and Grammatical Usage

• Absolute: אֲחֻזָּה — Genesis 47:11 (11 times)
• Construct: אֲחֻזַּת — Genesis 17:8 (21 times)
• Suffix: אֲחֻזָּתְךָ — Psalm 2:8

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Possession of landed property

• Genesis 47:11
• Leviticus 14:34
• Leviticus 25:10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 33 (houses)
• Leviticus 25:41
• Leviticus 25:45
• Leviticus 25:46
• Numbers 27:4
• Numbers 32:5, 22, 29
• Numbers 35:8
• Deuteronomy 32:49
• Joshua 21:12, 39
• Ezekiel 44:28
• Ezekiel 45:5, 6, 7 (twice in verse)
• Ezekiel 45:8
• Ezekiel 46:18 (3 times in verse)
• Ezekiel 48:20, 21, 22 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 7:28
• 1 Chronicles 9:2
• 2 Chronicles 11:14
• 2 Chronicles 31:1
• Nehemiah 11:3

b. Possession with specific qualifiers

• With אֶרֶץ, אֲחֻזָּה בָּאָרֶץ = land possessed, one's own land: Genesis 36:43; Leviticus 14:34; Leviticus 25:24; Numbers 35:28; Joshua 22:4, 9, 19 (twice in verse); compare אֲחֻזַּת הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 27:24
• With שָׂדֶה, אֲחֻזָּה בְּשָׂדֶה: Leviticus 27:16, 22, 28; compare Leviticus 27:21
• With עִיר, אֲחֻזַּת בְּעִיר: Leviticus 25:32, 33
• אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָה = possession by right of inheritance: Numbers 27:7; Numbers 32:32; and בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Numbers 35:2; compare בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Ezekiel 46:16 (but compare C. H. Cornill as Numbers 27:7 so Vatican Manuscript of Septuagint)
• אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר: Genesis 23:4, 9, 20; Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13
• עוֹלָם אֲחֻזָּה: Genesis 17:8; Genesis 48:4; Leviticus 25:34

c. Figurative and special uses

• In promise to Davidic king: וַאֲחֻזָּתְךָ אַסְפִּיאָרֶץ Psalm 2:8 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)
• Figurative of יְהוָה as portion of Levitical priests: Ezekiel 44:28 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)

¹ P refers to Priests' Code / Narrative source in biblical scholarship.

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0272:

No stats available

מאחזתו מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחזה

ʼăchuzzâh

Definition

something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land)

Root

feminine passive participle from H270 (אחז);

Exhaustive

feminine passive participle from אחז; something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land); possession.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H272

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

noun feminine • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 99

possession; properly that which is seized, laid hold of (especially land)

אָחֲזָה

verb • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

to take hold of

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

f. verbal • Root אחז • Page 39

Possession (Gen. 17:8. 23:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H272

I. אֲחֻזָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 66) noun feminine — possession.

— אֲחֻזָּה absolute Genesis 47:11 (11 times); construct אֲחֻזַּת Genesis 17:8 (21 times); suffix אֲחֻזָּתְךָ Psalm 2:8.

1. Forms and Grammatical Usage

• Absolute: אֲחֻזָּה — Genesis 47:11 (11 times)
• Construct: אֲחֻזַּת — Genesis 17:8 (21 times)
• Suffix: אֲחֻזָּתְךָ — Psalm 2:8

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Possession of landed property

• Genesis 47:11
• Leviticus 14:34
• Leviticus 25:10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 33 (houses)
• Leviticus 25:41
• Leviticus 25:45
• Leviticus 25:46
• Numbers 27:4
• Numbers 32:5, 22, 29
• Numbers 35:8
• Deuteronomy 32:49
• Joshua 21:12, 39
• Ezekiel 44:28
• Ezekiel 45:5, 6, 7 (twice in verse)
• Ezekiel 45:8
• Ezekiel 46:18 (3 times in verse)
• Ezekiel 48:20, 21, 22 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 7:28
• 1 Chronicles 9:2
• 2 Chronicles 11:14
• 2 Chronicles 31:1
• Nehemiah 11:3

b. Possession with specific qualifiers

• With אֶרֶץ, אֲחֻזָּה בָּאָרֶץ = land possessed, one's own land: Genesis 36:43; Leviticus 14:34; Leviticus 25:24; Numbers 35:28; Joshua 22:4, 9, 19 (twice in verse); compare אֲחֻזַּת הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 27:24
• With שָׂדֶה, אֲחֻזָּה בְּשָׂדֶה: Leviticus 27:16, 22, 28; compare Leviticus 27:21
• With עִיר, אֲחֻזַּת בְּעִיר: Leviticus 25:32, 33
• אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָה = possession by right of inheritance: Numbers 27:7; Numbers 32:32; and בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Numbers 35:2; compare בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Ezekiel 46:16 (but compare C. H. Cornill as Numbers 27:7 so Vatican Manuscript of Septuagint)
• אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר: Genesis 23:4, 9, 20; Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13
• עוֹלָם אֲחֻזָּה: Genesis 17:8; Genesis 48:4; Leviticus 25:34

c. Figurative and special uses

• In promise to Davidic king: וַאֲחֻזָּתְךָ אַסְפִּיאָרֶץ Psalm 2:8 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)
• Figurative of יְהוָה as portion of Levitical priests: Ezekiel 44:28 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)

¹ P refers to Priests' Code / Narrative source in biblical scholarship.

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0272:

No stats available

ינחל יַנְחִל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נחל

nâchal

Definition

to inherit (as a (figurative) mode of descent), or (generally) to occupy; causatively, to bequeath, or (generally) distribute, instate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to inherit (as a (figurative) mode of descent), or (generally) to occupy; causatively, to bequeath, or (generally) distribute, instate; divide, have (inheritance), take as a heritage, (cause to, give to, make to) inherit, (distribute for, divide (for, for an, by), give for, have, leave for, take (for)) inheritance, (have in, cause to, be made to) possess(-ion).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5157

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָחַל

verb • Root נחל • Strongs / High • Page 960

I. Qal: to take, to take into possession, seize, get as a possession; to inherit. Piel (נִחֵל): to give into possession. Hifil (הִנְחִיל): to give to be possessed, cause to inherit, distribute an inheritance. Hophal (הֻנְחַל): to come into possession (by compulsion), to have allotted. Hithpael (הִתְנַחֵל): to possess oneself of, to receive as possession.

נָחַל

verb • Root נחל • Strongs / High • Page 960

II. (not used) intransitive. to walk along, to flow along, to pour forth. Metaphorically, to be copious, to give copiously, to present.

נָחַל

verb • Root נחל • Strongs / High • Page 960

III. (unused and doubtful) transitive. same as חָלַל to break through, to split.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָחַל

verb • Page 436

1. to inherit, to acquire an inheritance. Judg. 11:2. 2. to acquire a possession, to possess; e.g. reputation, goods. Prov. 3: 35. 11: 29. 28: 10. Frequently used of the acquisition and possession of the land of Canaan by the Israelites, Ex. 23: 30. 32: 13. 3. as in Piel, to divide for a possession, construed with לְ Num. 34: 17. Pi. נִחֵל to divide for a possession. Josh. 13: 32. Hiph. הִנְחִיל 1. to cause to inherit; leave behind as an inheritance (1 Chr. 28: 8) or divide out as an inheritance (Deut. 21: 16). 2. to give into possession. Is. 49: 8. Hoph. to acquire for a possession. Job 7: 3. Hithpa. 1. to acquire for a possession, to possess. Num. 32:18. Is. 14: 2. 2. to divide for an inheritance. Lev. 25: 46.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5157

I. נָחַל (compare Gerber¹ 236ff.) verb denominative — get or take as a possession.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נחל (Ecclesiasticus 45:22b +)
• Late Hebrew idem (rare)

Qal

— נָחַל Perfect Zechariah 2:16; 2 masculine singular נָחַלְתָּ Exodus 23:20 (8 times); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנְחַל Isaiah 57:13; 3 masculine plural יִנְחֲלוּ Numbers 18:23 (5 times); יִנְחָ֑לוּ Numbers 26:55 (2 times); + 8 times Imperfect; Infinitive נְחֹל Numbers 34:18, Joshua 19:49.

1. take possession, inherit:

• a. land of Canaan, Exodus 23:30 (Elohist Source), Exodus 32:13 (Yahwist Source), Isaiah 57:13; Ezekiel 47:14; Zion and Judah Psalm 69:37.
• b. special sections in the land, of tribes and individuals, נחל נחלה Joshua 17:6 (Yahwist Source); נחלה אשׁר נ Deuteronomy 19:14 (Deuteronomist Source), Numbers 35:8 (Priests' Code), compare Joshua 14:1 (Priests' Code); without absolute, have or get a (landed) property, Numbers 18:20, 23, 24; Numbers 26:55; Numbers 32:19; Joshua 16:4; Joshua 19:9 (all Priests' Code), Judges 11:3.
• c. land of Moab and Ammon by conquest Zephaniah 2:9; landed property בכל הנוים Psalm 82:8.
• d. God takes possession of Israel as his private property Exodus 34:9 (Yahwist Source); Judah Zechariah 2:16.

2. figurative have or get as a possession, property:

• testimonies Psalm 119:111, glory Proverbs 3:35, good things Proverbs 28:10, lies Jeremiah 16:19, wind Proverbs 11:29, simplicity Proverbs 14:18.

3. divide the land for a possession

• Numbers 34:17, 18; Joshua 19:49 (all Priests' Code; incorrect pointing for Pi`el, so SS²).

Pi`el

divide for a possession: Perfect 3 masculine singular נִחַל Joshua 13:32; 3 plural נִחֲלוּ Joshua 14:1, Joshua 19:51; Infinitive נַחֵל Numbers 34:29 (all Priests' Code); also Numbers 34:17, 18; Joshua 19:49 (see Qal 3).

Hithpa`el

Perfect 3 plural suffix הִתְנַחֲלוּם Isaiah 14:2; 2 masculine plural הִתְנַחַלְתֶּם Leviticus 25:46, Numbers 33:54; Imperfect תִּתְנַחֲלוּ Numbers 34:13, Ezekiel 47:13; תִּתְנֶחָ֑לוּ Numbers 33:54; Infinitive הִתְנַחֵל Numbers 32:18; — possess oneself of land (absolute or accusative), Numbers 33:54, Numbers 34:13 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:13; נחלה Numbers 32:18 (Priests' Code); slaves Leviticus 25:46 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 14:2; absolute, reference to land Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code); all with לְ person (for whose benefit), except Numbers 32:18, Numbers 34:13, Isaiah 14:2.

Hiph`il

Perfect 1 singular הִנְחַ֫לְתִּי Jeremiah 3:18 (3 times); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַנְחִיל Deuteronomy 3:28; יַנְחִל Ezekiel 46:18; 2 masculine singular suffix תַּנְחִילֶנָּה Deuteronomy 31:7 (5 times); Infinitive construct הַנְחִיל Isaiah 49:8, Proverbs 8:21; בְּהַנְחֵל Deuteronomy 32:8 (on form compare Ew³ § 238 d, Kö⁴ i. 315, Ges⁵ § 53k; read בְּהַנְחִל?); suffix הַנְחִילוֺ Deuteronomy 21:16; Participle מַנְחִיל Deuteronomy 12:10.

1. give as a possession:

• a. land of Canaan (given by י׳ or his servants), accusative of person and thing, Deuteronomy 1:38; Deuteronomy 3:28; Deuteronomy 12:10; Deuteronomy 19:3; Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 1:6 (all Deuteronomist Source), Jeremiah 3:18, Jeremiah 12:14.
• b. various things, especially blessings, Zechariah 8:12; 1 Samuel 2:8; Proverbs 8:21; accusative of thing Isaiah 49:8; accusative of person Deuteronomy 32:8.

2. cause to inherit, give as an inheritance

• with accusative of person and thing, Deuteronomy 21:16; accusative of person + מִן thing, Ezekiel 46:18; accusative of person Proverbs 13:22; לְ person 1 Chronicles 28:8.

Hoph`al

Perfect 1 singular הָנְחַלְתִּי Job 7:3 — made to possess, with accusative of thing, e.g. months of vanity.

¹ W. Gerber, Die hebräischen Verba denominativa (1896).

² Siegfried & Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

⁴ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache.

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: κληρονομήσουσιν κατακληρονομήσει κατακληρονομήσετε κατεκληρονόμησεν ἐκληρονόμησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5157:

κληρονομήσουσιν 7× (11.8%)

κατακληρονομήσει 4× (6.5%)

κατακληρονομήσετε 4× (6.2%)

κατεκληρονόμησεν 3× (5.0%)

ἐκληρονόμησαν 3× (4.5%)

κατακληρονομήσεισ 2× (3.4%)

κληρονομήσεισ 2× (3.4%)

κληρονομήσει 2× (3.4%)

καθέξουσιν 2× (3.1%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

בניו בָּנָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

למען לְמַעַן

in order that

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מען

maʻan

Definition

properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that

Root

from H6030 (ענה);

Exhaustive

from ענה; properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that; because of, to the end (intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), [phrase] lest, that, to.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4616

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַעַן

noun masculine • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 887

Properly, the inclining oneself to a thing, hence purpose or object. Commonly used as a particle, with 'ל' prefixed (לְמַעַן), as a preposition meaning 'on account of', 'for the sake of', or as a conjunction meaning 'so that' or 'in order that'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לְמַעַן

preposition • Page 347

On account of, because. See מַעַן.

מַעַן

preposition / conj. • Root ענה • Page 394

A contraction of מַעֲנֶה from עָנָה. Used mainly in combination לְמַעַן. 1. before verbs, that, so that (Gen. 27:25). 2. before substantives, on account of (1 K. 8:41). 3. on this account (1 K. 11:39). 4. with relative pronouns, that (Josh. 3:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4616

I. מַ֫עַן (approximate number of occurrences: 271) substantive — purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן.

— לְמַ֫עַן preposition and conjunction — for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה; compare מַ֫עַל; Kö¹ ii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, לְמַעַנְכֶם.

1. Preposition

a. For the sake of

• Genesis 18:24 (+ למען חמשׁים הציקים)
• Deuteronomy 30:6 (ל׳ חַיֶּיךָ)
• 1 Kings 8:41 (ל׳ שְׁמֶ֑ךָ)
• Isaiah 43:14 (לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה)
• Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 62:1 (ל׳ ציון); Isaiah 63:17 (ל׳ עבדיך); Isaiah 65:8
• Ezekiel 36:22
• Job 18:4
• Psalm 122:8–9
• לְמַעַן דָּוִד (for the sake of David's memory): 1 Kings 11:12, 13, 32, 34; 1 Kings 15:4; 2 Kings 8:19; 2 Kings 19:34 (= Isaiah 37:35); Isaiah 20:6 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• לְמַעֲנִי (of God, for my own sake): 2 Kings 19:34 (= Isaiah 37:35); 2 Kings 20:6; Isaiah 43:25; Isaiah 48:11 (לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה)
• Daniel 9:19 (לְמַעַנְךָ); Daniel 9:17 (ל׳ אֲדֹנָי)
• לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ (to maintain his reputation): Psalm 23:3; Psalm 25:11; Psalm 31:4; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 106:8; Psalm 143:11; Jeremiah 14:7, 21; Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22, 44; Isaiah 48:9
• Consistently with attributes: Psalm 6:5 (ל׳ חַסְדְּךָ); Psalm 44:27; Psalm 25:7 (ל׳ טוּבְךָ); Isaiah 42:21 (ל׳ צִדְקוֺ)

b. In view of, on account of

• Deuteronomy 3:26 (ויתעבר י׳ בי לְמַעַנְכֶם)
• 1 Kings 11:39 (ל׳ זֹאת)
• Psalm 5:9 (ל׳ שׁוֺרֲרַי); Psalm 27:11; Psalm 8:3 (ל׳ צורריך); Psalm 69:19
• Psalm 48:12 (= Psalm 97:8) (ישמח הר ציון ... ל׳ משׁפטיך)

c. Followed by infinitive

• Genesis 18:19 (לְמַעַן הָבִיא י׳)
• Genesis 37:22 (ל׳ הַצִּיל); Genesis 50:20
• Exodus 1:11; Exodus 9:16; Exodus 10:1
• Deuteronomy 2:30; Deuteronomy 6:28
• 2 Kings 10:19
• Jeremiah 7:10, 18; Jeremiah 11:5; Jeremiah 50:34
• Ezekiel 14:5; Ezekiel 21:5; Ezekiel 22:6; Ezekiel 36:5
• Pleonastic: Ezekiel 21:20 (לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב)

2. Conjunction (followed by imperfect)

a. With אֲשֶׁר

• Genesis 18:19 (ל׳ אשׁר יְצַוֶּה)
• Deuteronomy 27:3
• Joshua 3:4
• 2 Samuel 13:5
• Jeremiah 42:6

b. Without אֲשֶׁר

• Genesis 12:13 (לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי); Genesis 27:25
• Exodus 4:5 (ל׳ יאמינו); Exodus 8:6, 18; Exodus 9:29; Exodus 10:2
• Isaiah 5:19; Isaiah 23:16
• Psalm 9:15; Psalm 30:13; Psalm 48:14

c. Followed by לֹא

• (a) With אֲשֶׁר לֹא: Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 20:18; Ezekiel 31:14; Ezekiel 36:30; Ezekiel 46:18
• (b) Without אֲשֶׁר: Ezekiel 14:11; Ezekiel 19:9; Ezekiel 25:10; Ezekiel 26:20; Zechariah 12:7; Psalm 119:11, 80; Psalm 125:3

Notes and Anomalies

1. לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that (ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes ironical: Deuteronomy 29:18; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 44:9; Jeremiah 7:18, 19; Jeremiah 27:10, 15; Jeremiah 32:29; Hosea 8:4; Amos 2:7; Micah 6:16; Psalm 51:6. Compare Qor 28:7.

2. In Joshua 4:24 for ל׳ יְרָאתֶם, read infinitive ל׳ יִרְאָתָם. In Nehemiah 6:13, the first ל׳ points forwards.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 3rd ed. (1892).

³ H. L. Fleischer, Kleinere Schriften (1885–1888).

Particle

LXX: ὅπωσ ἵνα ἕνεκεν διὰ ἕνεκα

LXX Usage Statistics

H4616:

ὅπωσ 99× (38.6%)

ἵνα 77× (30.1%)

ἕνεκεν 21× (8.1%)

διὰ 13× (5.1%)

ἕνεκα 12× (4.7%)

δι' 4× (1.6%)

'' 4× (1.3%)

τοῦ 3× (1.2%)

ἐμὲ 3× (1.0%)

ὅτι 2× (0.8%)

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Conjunction

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יפצו יָפֻצוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פוץ

pûwts

Definition

to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse); break (dash, shake) in (to) pieces, cast (abroad), disperse (selves), drive, retire, scatter (abroad), spread abroad.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6327

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פּוּץ

verb transitive • Strongs / High • Page 1159

(II., not used) tr. 1. to split, to divide, to separate; metaphor. to be intelligent. 2. Fig. to break (in mining language).

פּוּץ

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1159

(I.) intr. same as יָפַץ (to scatter, disperse).

פּוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1160

To be reduced to dust, to be scattered about, to disperse themselves, to be driven away, to overflow, to pour forth, to spread.

פּוּץ

noun m. • Root פוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1160

Dispersion, exile, or separate return.

פּוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1162

To be flexible, pliant (become supple); generally to move to and fro, to leap, to spring (Putz II).

פּוּץ

verb • Root פוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1162

To be scattered about (Nif. נָפוֹץ), specifically the bones of the slain.

פּוּץ

verb • Root פוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1162

To scatter, to pursue, to disperse, send into exile, to distribute largely, to dissipate (Pih. fut. יָפִיץ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פּוֹץ

m. verbal • Root פוץ • Page 539

dispersion. Used in Zeph. 3:10 in the phrase 'the daughter of my dispersion', meaning those dispersed by God.

פּוּץ

verb • Page 538

1. to smite or dash in pieces. 2. to scatter or go astray; spoken of a flock or people (Ezek. 34:5, Zech. 13:7, Gen. 11:4). 3. to overflow (Zech. 1:17, Prov. 5:16). Niph. to be or become scattered.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6327

I. [פּוּץ] verb — be dispersed, scattered.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew
• Arabic فاظ (?) break asunder, scatter

Qal

— Imperfect 3 masculine plural יָפוּצוּ Psalm 68:2, יָפֻצוּ Ezekiel 48:16 +; 3 feminine plural וַתְּפוּצֶינָה Ezekiel 34:5 +, וּתְפוּצֶינָה Zechariah 13:7, etc.; Imperative masculine plural מֻּצוּ 1 Samuel 14:34; Participle passive plural suffix מּוּצַי Zephaniah 3:10 (see below).

• be dispersed, disperse, בָּעָם 1 Samuel 14:34
• be scattered, of enemies 1 Samuel 11:11; Numbers 10:35; Psalm 68:2
• of Israel (among nations) under figure of flock Ezekiel 34:5 (twice in verse); Zechariah 13:7
• בַּתמּֿוּצַי Zephaniah 3:10 is probably corrupt, and Zephaniah 3:9–10 gloss¹
• of besieging army 2 Samuel 20:22 (מֵעַל הָעִיר)
• people from (מִן) possessions Ezekiel 46:18
• men (from Babel) Genesis 11:4 (עַל location)

Niphal

— Perfect 3 feminine singular נָפ֫וֺצָה Jeremiah 10:21, 3 plural נָפֹ֫צוּ Genesis 10:18 +, 2 masculine plural נְפֹצֹתֶם Ezekiel 11:17 +, etc.; Participle feminine נָפ֫וֺצֶת 2 Samuel 18:8 Qr (> Kt נפצות); plural נְפֹצִים 1 Kings 22:17, נְפוֺצִים 2 Chronicles 18:16.

1. be scattered
   • of army 2 Kings 25:5 (מֵעַל person) = Jeremiah 52:8; 1 Kings 22:17 (אֶל location) = 2 Chronicles 18:16 (עַל), compare Jeremiah 40:15 (absolute)
   • of dispersed Israel with ב location Ezekiel 11:17; Ezekiel 20:34, 41; Ezekiel 28:25, as flock Jeremiah 10:21; Ezekiel 34:6 (עַל location), Ezekiel 34:12 (שָׁם)
   • Egyptians Ezekiel 29:13 (שָׁמָּה)
   • of battle scattered over country by defeat 2 Samuel 18:8
2. be spread abroad, of peoples Genesis 10:18.

Hiphil

— Perfect 3 masculine singular וְהֵפִיץ Deuteronomy 4:27 +, 1 singular וַהֲפִיצוֺתִי Ezekiel 22:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָפִיץ Job 37:11, וַיָּ֫פֶץ Genesis 11:8 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָפֵץ Job 40:11; Infinitive construct לְהָפִיץ Ezekiel 20:23, etc.

1. transitive scatter:
   • a. with accusative of person Genesis 11:8, 9 (עַל location), Isaiah 41:16; Habakkuk 3:14; with ב Genesis 49:7; Israel among (ב) nations Deuteronomy 4:27; Deuteronomy 28:64; Jeremiah 9:15; Ezekiel 11:16; Ezekiel 12:15; Ezekiel 20:23; Ezekiel 22:15; Ezekiel 36:19; Nehemiah 1:8; with שׁמ(הׅ Deuteronomy 30:3; Jeremiah 30:11; with אֶל location Ezekiel 34:21; absolute Jeremiah 13:24; Jeremiah 18:17, under figure of flock Jeremiah 23:1, 2; אֲפִיצֵם also Deuteronomy 32:26 (see [פאה]); Egyptians (construct ב) Ezekiel 29:12; Ezekiel 30:23, 26; inhabitants of earth Isaiah 24:1.
   • b. with accusative of thing, arrows (figurative for lightnings) 2 Samuel 22:15 = Psalm 18:15; Psalm 144:6; cloud Job 37:11; הָפֵץ עַבְרוֺת אַמֶּ֑ךָ Job 40:11 (i.e. lightnings ?); seed Isaiah 28:25.
   • c. וֶהֱפִיצֻהוּ Job 18:11 and drive him (if true reading).
2. intransitive, scatter, with ב location Exodus 5:12, with מֵעַל person 1 Samuel 13:8; of wind Job 38:24 (עַל location).

---

II. פּוּץ verb — flow, overflow.

Cognates:

• Arabic فاظ flow

Qal

— Imperfect 3 masculine plural יָפוּצוּ Proverbs 5:16 of springs, figurative for sources of pleasure; 3 feminine plural תְּפוּצֶנָה עָרַי מִטוֺב Zechariah 1:17 my cities shall overflow with good.

---

[פָצַץ] verb — break.

Cognates:

• Arabic فص break, break asunder
• Nabataean פצץ break asunder
• Syriac ܦܨ crush

Poel

— Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְפֹצֵץ סָ֑לַע Jeremiah 23:29 a hammer which shatters rock.

Hithpoel

— Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיִּתְמִּצְצוּ Habakkuk 3:6 and the eternal mountains were shattered (elsewhere √ פּוּץ were scattered).

Pilpel

— Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix וַיְפַצְמְּצֵנִי Job 16:12 he [God] dashed me in pieces (figurative).

¹ Friedrich Schwally, "Miscellen," Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 10 (1890): 203; also Wilhelm Nowack and A. B. Davidson.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: αὐτοὺσ διεσπάρησαν διασπερῶ --- διεσπάρη

LXX Usage Statistics

H6327a:

αὐτοὺσ 8× (8.7%)

διεσπάρησαν 5× (6.8%)

διασπερῶ 5× (6.2%)

--- 4× (5.6%)

διεσπάρη 4× (5.2%)

διασκορπιῶ 4× (5.2%)

διασπερεῖ 3× (3.8%)

διέσπειρα 3× (3.8%)

διεσκορπίσθησαν 2× (2.8%)

διεσκορπίσθητε 2× (2.8%)

עמי עַמִּי

the people of myself/with me

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

איש אישׁ

a man/each one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H376

אִישׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 2166) noun masculine — man (= vir).

Cognates:

• Moabite Inscription (MI), Siloam Inscription (SI), Phoenician אש
• Perhaps also Sabean אסם (compare Prätorius, l.c., but D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330¹)

— אִישׁ absolute Genesis 2:23 +; construct Genesis 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Genesis 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Psalm 141:4 (2 times) (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Genesis 12:20 +, from √ אֱנֹשׁ q.v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judges 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשֵׁי 1 Samuel 23:12 etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Man opposed to woman

• Genesis 2:23, 24
• Leviticus 20:27
• Numbers 5:6
• Deuteronomy 17:2 f
• Joshua 6:21
• Joshua 8:25
• Jeremiah 40:7

b. Emphasis on sexual distinction and relation

• Genesis 19:8
• Genesis 24:16
• Genesis 38:25
• Exodus 22:15
• Leviticus 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַע)
• Leviticus 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה אֵת זֶרַע אִישׁ)
• Leviticus 20:10 f
• Numbers 5:13 f
• Deuteronomy 22:22 f
• Isaiah 4:1 +

c. Husband

• Especially with suffix: Genesis 3:6, 16
• Genesis 16:3
• Genesis 29:32, 34
• Leviticus 21:7
• Numbers 30:7 f
• Deuteronomy 28:56
• Judges 13:8 f
• Ruth 1:3 f
• 1 Samuel 25:19
• Jeremiah 29:6
• Ezekiel 16:45 +

d. Figurative of Yahweh as husband of Israel

• אִישִׁי Hosea 2:18 (opposed to בַּעֲלִי)

e. Man as procreator, father

• Ecclesiastes 6:3
• Of male child: Genesis 4:1 (compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1 Samuel 1:11)

f. Man opposed to beast

• Exodus 11:7
• Leviticus 20:15 (compare אָדָם)
• Figurative: Psalm 22:7
• Of male of animals: Genesis 7:2 (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ)

g. Man opposed to God

• Genesis 32:29
• Numbers 23:19 (לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב)
• Job 9:32
• Job 32:13
• Hosea 11:9 (compare Isaiah 31:8)
• Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר אִישׁ)

h. Phrases denoting ordinary, customary, common

• שֶׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2 Samuel 7:14
• לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17, 22²
• אֲמַת־אִישׁ Deuteronomy 3:11
• Contracted אָדָם Psalm 49:3; Psalm 62:10

i. Man as valiant

• 1 Samuel 4:9 (וִהְיֻו לַאֲנָשִׁים)
• 1 Kings 2:2 (compare 1 Samuel 26:15)
• אִישׁ חַיִל 1 Samuel 31:12; 2 Samuel 24:9; 1 Kings 1:42 +
• אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Numbers 31:49; Deuteronomy 2:14, 16; Joshua 5:4, 6 +
• Even of Yahweh: Exodus 15:3 (יְהוָה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה)

j. Prefixed to other nouns in apposition

• אָדוֹן אִישׁ Genesis 42:30, 33
• שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט אִישׁ Exodus 2:14
• כֹּהֵן אִישׁ Leviticus 21:9
• סָרִיס אִישׁ Jeremiah 38:7

k. Before adjective, of a people

• אִישׁ מִצְרִי Genesis 39:1
• Exodus 2:11, 19 (compare Genesis 37:28)
• Genesis 38:1, 2
• Genesis 39:14
• 1 Samuel 17:12
• 1 Samuel 30:11, 13 +

l. A man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people

• Numbers 25:6
• Judges 10:1 + (so Phoenician)
• Usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Samuel 7:11; 1 Samuel 31:7 (twice in verse) (compare Joshua 7:4, 5 +)
• Also singular collective: Deuteronomy 27:14
• Joshua 9:6, 7
• Judges 20:11
• 1 Samuel 11:8 (see Driver) +
• 2 Samuel 10:6, 8 (טוֹב אִישׁ)
• (So Moabite Inscription 10; Moabite Inscription 13)

m. Men = retainers, followers, soldiers

• 1 Samuel 18:27
• 1 Samuel 23:3
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 25:13
• Deuteronomy 33:8 (singular collective, see Dillmann)

n. Man of God = prophet

• אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים Deuteronomy 33:1
• Joshua 14:6
• 1 Samuel 9:6 f
• 1 Kings 12:13 f + (see אֱלֹהִים)

o. In phrase followed by abstract

• אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה אִישׁ (see above)
• שְׂעִיבָה אִישׁ Deuteronomy 32:25
• הַדָּמִים אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• הַבְּלִיעַל אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• מָוֶת אִישׁ 1 Kings 2:26
• חָמָס אִישׁ Psalm 140:12
• Proverbs 3:31 +

p. Followed by word of occupation, etc.

• שָׂדֶה אִישׁ Genesis 25:27
• הָאֲדָמָה אִישׁ Genesis 9:20 (compare Zechariah 13:5)
• אִישׁ הַבָּנִים champion 1 Samuel 17:4 (compare Driver) 23
• בְּשָׂרָה אִישׁ 2 Samuel 18:20
• אִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ his counsellor Isaiah 40:13
• Compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 Kings 20:42
• רֵעִים אִישׁ Proverbs 18:24

q. Distributive = each, every

• Genesis 9:5
• Genesis 10:5
• Genesis 40:5 (twice in verse)
• Exodus 12:3 +
• Including women: Job 42:11
• 1 Chronicles 16:3 (וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְכָל־כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם)
• Of inanimate things: 1 Kings 7:30, 36
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exodus 36:4; Numbers 4:19, 49; Ezekiel 14:4, 7 +
• Any one: Exodus 34:3 (twice in verse); Exodus 34:24 +
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Leviticus 15:2; Leviticus 22:4, 18 +
• Of gods: 2 Kings 18:33 = Isaiah 36:18

r. One...another

• וְהִרְגוּ אִישׁ אֵת אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֵת רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֵת קְרֹבוֹ Exodus 32:27
• אִישׁ אָחִיו Deuteronomy 1:16
• Micah 7:2 (see אָח)
• אִישׁ רֵעֵהוּ Genesis 11:3, 7 + (see רֵעַ)
• Of inanimate things: Genesis 15:10

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330.

² אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17; Ezekiel 24:22 is textual error; Wellhausen (apparently Smend) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy Haupt אוֹנִים (Hosea 9:4).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

מאחזתו מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחזה

ʼăchuzzâh

Definition

something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land)

Root

feminine passive participle from H270 (אחז);

Exhaustive

feminine passive participle from אחז; something seized, i.e. a possession (especially of land); possession.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H272

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

noun feminine • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 99

possession; properly that which is seized, laid hold of (especially land)

אָחֲזָה

verb • Root אחז • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

to take hold of

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲחֻזָּה

f. verbal • Root אחז • Page 39

Possession (Gen. 17:8. 23:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H272

I. אֲחֻזָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 66) noun feminine — possession.

— אֲחֻזָּה absolute Genesis 47:11 (11 times); construct אֲחֻזַּת Genesis 17:8 (21 times); suffix אֲחֻזָּתְךָ Psalm 2:8.

1. Forms and Grammatical Usage

• Absolute: אֲחֻזָּה — Genesis 47:11 (11 times)
• Construct: אֲחֻזַּת — Genesis 17:8 (21 times)
• Suffix: אֲחֻזָּתְךָ — Psalm 2:8

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Possession of landed property

• Genesis 47:11
• Leviticus 14:34
• Leviticus 25:10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 33 (houses)
• Leviticus 25:41
• Leviticus 25:45
• Leviticus 25:46
• Numbers 27:4
• Numbers 32:5, 22, 29
• Numbers 35:8
• Deuteronomy 32:49
• Joshua 21:12, 39
• Ezekiel 44:28
• Ezekiel 45:5, 6, 7 (twice in verse)
• Ezekiel 45:8
• Ezekiel 46:18 (3 times in verse)
• Ezekiel 48:20, 21, 22 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 7:28
• 1 Chronicles 9:2
• 2 Chronicles 11:14
• 2 Chronicles 31:1
• Nehemiah 11:3

b. Possession with specific qualifiers

• With אֶרֶץ, אֲחֻזָּה בָּאָרֶץ = land possessed, one's own land: Genesis 36:43; Leviticus 14:34; Leviticus 25:24; Numbers 35:28; Joshua 22:4, 9, 19 (twice in verse); compare אֲחֻזַּת הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 27:24
• With שָׂדֶה, אֲחֻזָּה בְּשָׂדֶה: Leviticus 27:16, 22, 28; compare Leviticus 27:21
• With עִיר, אֲחֻזַּת בְּעִיר: Leviticus 25:32, 33
• אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָה = possession by right of inheritance: Numbers 27:7; Numbers 32:32; and בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Numbers 35:2; compare בְּנַחֲלָה אֲחֻזָּה Ezekiel 46:16 (but compare C. H. Cornill as Numbers 27:7 so Vatican Manuscript of Septuagint)
• אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר: Genesis 23:4, 9, 20; Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13
• עוֹלָם אֲחֻזָּה: Genesis 17:8; Genesis 48:4; Leviticus 25:34

c. Figurative and special uses

• In promise to Davidic king: וַאֲחֻזָּתְךָ אַסְפִּיאָרֶץ Psalm 2:8 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)
• Figurative of יְהוָה as portion of Levitical priests: Ezekiel 44:28 (parallel to נַחֲלָה)

¹ P refers to Priests' Code / Narrative source in biblical scholarship.

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0272:

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RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the prince shall not take of the inheritance of the people to oppress them, from their possession; from his possession he shall cause his sons to inherit, so that my people shall not be scattered each from his possession.

LITV Translation:
And the prince shall not take of the people's inheritance, oppressing them from their possession. He shall bequeath to his sons from his possession, so that My people shall not be dispersed, each man from his possession.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the prince shall by no means take of the inheritance of the people, to oppress them: he shall give an inheritance to his sons out of his own possession: that my people be not scattered, every one from his possession.