Ezekiel 46:17

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וכי וְכִי־

and that

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Conjunction, Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

יתן יִתֵּן

he is giving

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

מתנה מַתָּנָ֜ה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מתנה

mattânâh

Definition

a present; specifically (in a good sense), a sacrificial offering, (in a bad sense) a bribe

Root

feminine of H4976 (מתן);

Exhaustive

feminine of מתן; a present; specifically (in a good sense), a sacrificial offering, (in a bad sense) a bribe; gift.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4979

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַתָּנָה

noun / feminine • Root יתן • Strongs / High • Page 927

A gift. It can also refer to a heave-offering for the sanctuary or priests, a sacrificial gift, or a bribe.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַתָּנָה

fem. of the preceding / dec. xi. a. • Root נתן • Page 418

1. a gift, present. Gen. 25:6. Particularly a bribe, Ecc. 7:7. an offering, Ex. 28:38. 2. proper name of a place between the desert and the territory of Moab. Num. 21:18, 19.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4979

I. מַתָּנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 17) noun feminine — gift.

— מַתָּנָה absolute Numbers 18:6 (5 times); construct מַתְּנַת Deuteronomy 16:17; plural מַתָּנוֹת Genesis 25:6 + etc.; construct מַתְּנֹת Exodus 28:38; suffix מַתְּנֹתֵיכֶם Ezekiel 20:31 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. General gift

• Genesis 25:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Ezekiel 46:16–17
• 2 Chronicles 21:3
• מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיֹנִים Esther 9:22 gifts to the poor

b. Offerings to God

• Exodus 28:38 (+ מַתְּנֹת קָדְשֵׁיכֶם)
• Leviticus 23:38 (distinguished from נֶדֶר and נְדָבָה)
• Numbers 18:29 (compare מַתָּנָם Numbers 18:11; all Priests' Code)
• Rejected (idolatrous) offerings: Ezekiel 20:26, 31, 39

c. In the sense of a bribe

• Proverbs 15:27
• Ecclesiastes 7:7

2. Specialized and Technical Uses

a. Concerning the Levites and Priesthood

• Levites as God’s gift to Aaron and his sons: Numbers 18:6
• The priesthood as עֲבֹדַת מַתָּנָה Numbers 18:7, i.e. a service which is a gift from God

b. Ability and tribute

• אִישׁ כְּמַתְּנַת יָדוֹ Deuteronomy 16:17 each man according to the gift of his hand, i.e. according to his ability
• לָקַחְתָּ מַתָּנוֹת בָאָדָם Psalm 68:19 thou (יהוה) hast received gifts among men (i.e. either tribute gained by battle, compare Che, or the offerings of those who turn to God Hup-Now; > gifts consisting of men JDMich Hengst Bö Ew DeW)

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Priests' Code.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: δόμα δόματα δομάτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H4979:

δόμα 4× (21.8%)

δόματα 3× (16.3%)

δομάτων 3× (13.9%)

מנחלתו מִנַּחֲלָת֗וֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נחלה

nachălâh

Definition

properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

Root

from H5157 (נחל) (in its usual sense);

Exhaustive

from נחל (in its usual sense); properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion; heritage, to inherit, inheritance, possession. Compare נחל.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5159

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַחֲלָה

noun feminine • Root נחל נחה • Strongs / High • Page 961

1. (from נחל I) a possession, property, inheritance; a portion or lot assigned. 2. (prop. נַחַל with a of motion) a brook. 3. (from נָחָה) the reduced one; sickness, misfortune.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נַחְלָה

f. verbal from נָחַל / dec. xii. e. • Root נחל • Page 437

1. an inheritance (Prov. 19:14). 2. a property, possession (Num. 18:21; Deut. 4:21; Josh. 13:23). 3. the lot or destiny of any one (Job 20:29; 27:13; 31:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5159

I. נַחֲלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 224) noun feminine — possession, property, inheritance (originally gift; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew).

— נַחֲלָה absolute Numbers 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Psalm 16:6 (Ges¹ § 90g), read נַחֲלָתִי Ew² SS³ We⁴ Kö⁵ ii. 1, 425; construct נַחֲלַת Joshua 13:23; suffix נַחֲלָתִי Ruth 4:6; נַחֲלַתְכֶם Psalm 105:11; plural נְחָלוֺת Isaiah 49:8, נְחָלֹת Joshua 19:51.

1. Property

a. In Canaan given by י׳ to Israel

• נחלת ישׂראל Judges 20:6
• יעקב נ׳ Isaiah 58:14
• especially אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה Deuteronomy 4:21; Deuteronomy 15:4; Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 20:16; Deuteronomy 21:28; Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Jeremiah 12:14

b. Distributive among tribes

• לְ נתן נ׳ Numbers 16:14; Numbers 36:2; Joshua 14:3 (restore לְ), Joshua 17:4, 14; Joshua 19:49 (all Priests' Code)
• לְ נתן לנ׳ Deuteronomy 29:7; Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:13 (all Later Deuteronomic Source)
• נָָֽחֲלוּ נחלה Joshua 17:6 (Jehovist Source)
• תֵּחָלֵק בּנ׳ Numbers 26:53, 56 (Priests' Code)
• נפל בּנחלה Numbers 34:2 (Priests' Code), Judges 18:1; Ezekiel 47:22
• הפיל בנ׳ Joshua 13:6; Joshua 23:4 (Later Deuteronomic Source), Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 47:22, also Ezekiel 47:22 (Cornill⁶ reads בּ for מִ)

c. Nations as possession

• of the people Psalm 111:6
• of the king Psalm 2:8

d. Levites have no property in the land

• Numbers 18:23–24; Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12
• their possession is י׳ Numbers 18:20 (Priests' Code)
• י׳ הוּא נחלתו Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 18:2; Joshua 13:14, 33 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• the tithes Numbers 18:21, 24, 26 (Priests' Code)

e. י׳ takes Israel as his property

• 1 Samuel 10:1; 1 Kings 8:53; 2 Kings 21:14; Isaiah 19:25; Micah 7:18; Psalm 33:12; Psalm 68:10; Psalm 106:5
• עם נחלה Deuteronomy 4:20 (Later Deuteronomic Source)
• עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 9:26, 29 (Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:51
• "" עַם Isaiah 47:6; Joel 2:17; Joel 4:2; Micah 7:14; Psalm 28:9; Psalm 78:62; Psalm 78:71; Psalm 94:5; Psalm 94:14; Psalm 106:40
• נחלת י׳ 1 Samuel 26:19; 2 Samuel 20:19; 2 Samuel 21:3
• נ׳ אלהים 2 Samuel 14:16
• יעקב חבל נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:9
• שׁבט נ׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19, Psalm 74:2
• שׁבטי נ׳ Isaiah 63:17
• the holy mountain Exodus 15:17 (Song), temple Jeremiah 12:7; Psalm 79:1, land Jeremiah 2:7; Jeremiah 12:8–9; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 50:11

2. Portion, share

a. Assigned by God

• Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 37:18; Psalm 127:3
• elsewhere "" חֵלֶק Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Job 31:2

b. By choice

• "" חֵלֶק, לא נ׳ לנו בבן ישׁי 2 Samuel 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = 1 Kings 12:16; 2 Chronicles 10:16

3. Inheritance (45 times)

• חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִּינוּ Genesis 31:14 (Elohist Source) portion or inheritance in the house of our father
• העביר נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:7–8 (Priests' Code) cause the inheritance to pass unto
• נתן נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:9, 10, 11 (Priests' Code), Job 42:15
• נחלת אבות Numbers 36:3, 8; 1 Kings 21:3–4; Proverbs 19:14
• נ׳ תהיה לבניו Ezekiel 46:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Heinrich Ewald, scholar cited.

³ C. Siegfried and B. Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Julius Wellhausen, scholar cited.

⁵ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁶ Carl Heinrich Cornill, scholar cited.

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κληρονομίαν κληρονομία κληρονομίασ κλήρῳ κλῆροσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5159:

κληρονομίαν 58× (26.2%)

κληρονομία 38× (17.4%)

κληρονομίασ 27× (12.2%)

κλήρῳ 14× (6.2%)

κλῆροσ 13× (6.1%)

κληρονομίᾳ 12× (5.1%)

'' 7× (3.1%)

κλῆρον 5× (2.5%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

κατάσχεσιν 4× (1.8%)

לאחד לְאַחַד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H259

I. אֶחָד (962 times) adjective — number one.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אחד
• Sabean idem
• compare D. H. Müller¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707
• Arabic أحد
• Ethiopic አሐድ
• Aramaic חַד
• Syriac ܚܕܐ
• on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Friedrich Delitzsch² Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139

— absolute אֶחָד Genesis 1:5; אַחַד Genesis 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1 Samuel 9:3 and elsewhere see S. R. Driver³; feminine absolute אַחַת Genesis 2:21 +; אֶחָת Genesis 11:1 +; construct אַחַת Deuteronomy 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 + 4 times; חַד Ezekiel 33:30 strike out C. H. Cornill⁴ compare אֲחָדִים.

1. Cardinal Number: One

• Genesis 1:9; Genesis 27:38, Genesis 27:45; Exodus 12:49; Joshua 23:10; 1 Samuel 1:24; 2 Samuel 12:3 +; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2 Samuel 17:3 for אִישׁ אֶחָד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one or two לֹא לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; as substantive followed by מִן Genesis 2:21; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13; Isaiah 34:16 +; הָאֶחָד Genesis 19:9; Genesis 42:13, Genesis 42:32; 2 Kings 6:3, 2 Kings 6:5 +; one and the same Genesis 40:5; Job 31:15; plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 compare Ezekiel 37:17 (absolute), but see C. H. Cornill⁴; = few, a few יָמִים אַחַדִים Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:20; Daniel 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judges 20:8; 1 Samuel 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Nehemiah 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Ecclesiastes 11:6; see especially Isaiah 65:25 (parallel to earlier יַחְדָּו Isaiah 11:6, Isaiah 11:7).

2. Distributive: Each, Every

• Exodus 36:30; Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:85; Numbers 28:21; 1 Kings 4:7; 2 Kings 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Numbers 7:11; Numbers 13:2; Numbers 17:21; Joshua 3:12; Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:4.

3. Indefinite: A Certain

• 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 18:10; 2 Kings 4:1; Esther 3:8; 2 Samuel 17:9 see S. R. Driver³ 1 Samuel 1:1; hence indefinite article 1 Samuel 6:7; 1 Samuel 24:15; 1 Samuel 26:20 (but strike out Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³) 1 Kings 19:4, 1 Kings 19:5 +.

4. Only

• 1 Kings 4:19; & (feminine) once 2 Kings 6:10; Psalm 62:12; Psalm 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לִשְׁלוֹשִׁים שָׁנִים 2 Chronicles 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת Leviticus 16:34 compare Job 40:5, מַעַם אֶחָת Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11 compare Joshua 6:14, בְּאַחַת Numbers 10:4; Job 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָת Proverbs 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמָה נְקָמָה אַחַת Judges 16:28.

Note: Numbers 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Proverbs 28:18 read probably with Paul de Lagarde⁶ Dy Bi בַּשָּׁבָחַת; Judges 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷). Jeremiah 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether.

5. One . . . Another, The One . . . The Other

• אֶחָד . . . אֶחָד Exodus 17:12; Exodus 18:3, Exodus 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2 Samuel 12:1; Jeremiah 24:2; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Nehemiah 4:11 +; 2 Samuel 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isaiah 27:12 compare Ecclesiastes 7:27.

6. Ordinal: First

• (mostly Priests' Code / Narrative and late) Genesis 1:5 (P) Genesis 2:11 (J) Exodus 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezekiel 10:14 especially of first day of month Exodus 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16, Ezra 10:17; Nehemiah 8:2; Haggai 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Daniel 1:21; Daniel 9:1, Daniel 9:2; Daniel 11:1 compare first (day, יוֹם omitted) Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:24; Numbers 1:18; Numbers 29:1; Numbers 33:38 (all P) Deuteronomy 1:3; 2 Chronicles 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 45:18.

7. In Combinations

• a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Genesis 32:23; Genesis 37:9 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Joshua 15:51 (P) 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:18; 2 Chronicles 36:5, 2 Chronicles 36:11; Jeremiah 52:1 (precedes noun, except Joshua 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1 compare 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְחֲמִשִּׁים מֵאוֹת Numbers 1:41; compare Numbers 2:16, Numbers 2:28; Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39 (all P; אֶחָד precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (אֶחָד following) 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:10; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 12:13 compare 2 Kings 22:1 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Kings 24:18 = Jeremiah 52:1 2 Chronicles 36:11; Joshua 12:24 (D) Isaiah 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:30 compare Nehemiah 7:37; Daniel 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשִׁשִּׁים מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 8:13 (P) Exodus 12:18 (P), 1 Chronicles 24:17; 1 Chronicles 25:28; 2 Chronicles 16:13 (אֶחָד preceding); but 1 Kings 16:23; Haggai 2:1 (אֶחָד following).

II. [אֶחָד] (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד. חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular חַד Daniel 2:31 +; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; — 1 one side Daniel 7:5; noun omitted Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so Syriac-Codex K 3, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; חַד = a certain one (τινά) Daniel 7:16 (with מִן partitive). 2 a (indefinite article) with substantive Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Theodor Nöldeke § 241 PS 1194; compare Exodus 16:5), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷ § 66, 2.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139.

³ S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Commentary on Ezekiel.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

⁶ Paul de Lagarde, Orientalia.

⁷ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Adjective cardinal number both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

מעבדיו מֵעֲבָדָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עבד

ʻebed

Definition

a servant

Root

from H5647 (עבד);

Exhaustive

from עבד; a servant; [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5650

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1043

A servant, a slave (whether acquired by captivity/debt/purchase, or born in the house).

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1044

slave, servant, bondman, subject, willing dependent, instrument; used often as a title of devotion or respect (worshipper, devotee); metaphor for messengers/ambassadors of God, angels, prophets.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Page 486

A servant, courtier, or military officer. Also an honourable title of pious and holy men (e.g., Moses, Joshua, Job, David). Often used as a humble self-reference in the first person. Refs: Gen. 9:25, 1 Sam. 16:17, Deut. 34:5, Josh. 1:1, Ps. 18:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5650

I. עֶ֫בֶד (approximate number of occurrences: 799) noun masculine¹ — slave, servant.

— עֶ֫בֶד Genesis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +, construct עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.

1. Slave or servant

• of household Genesis 39:17, 19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +
• man-servant, "" אמה Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; "" שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14
• עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25
• בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3, 14 (Deuteronomic Source ?) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 13:11; Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8; Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4
• וזכרת כי עבד היית ב(ארץׅ מצרים and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18, 22
• King of Babylon is slave to יהוה Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; figurative of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19

2. Subjects

• of chief Genesis 26:15, 19, 25, 32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17 (twice) +
• of king Genesis 21:25; Exodus 7:28; Exodus 7:29; 1 Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +
• vassal kings 2 Samuel 10:19; tributary nations 2 Samuel 8:2, 6, 14 = 1 Chronicles 18:2, 6, 13
• specifically officers of king 1 Samuel 19:1; 1 Samuel 21:8; 2 Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; שָׁאוּל ע׳ 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 Samuel 18:22; 1 Samuel 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ ע׳ 1 Kings 1:47; Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 22:12 (2 Chronicles 34:20) (a court official)
• opposed to שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22
• ambassadors Numbers 22:18; 2 Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Samuel 25:10; 2 Samuel 2:12, + officers of army 1 Samuel 29:3; 1 Kings 11:26; 2 Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9

3. Servants, worshippers of God

• עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, compare Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6
• עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalm 135:14; Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37; Nehemiah 2:20; "" עַמּוֺ Psalm 105:25 compare Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Isaiah 65:8, 9, 13 (twice)
• specifically angels Job 4:18
• ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 (Jehovist Source), Psalm 105:6, 42; Isaac Genesis 24:14 (Jehovist Source); Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25; 1 Chronicles 16:13
• Moses Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 12:7, 8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 34:5, Joshua 1:1, 2, 7, 13, 15 (all Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:53, 56; Nehemiah 1:8; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11
• Joshua Joshua 24:29 (Elohist Source); Caleb Numbers 14:24 (Jehovist Source); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7, 8; David 2 Samuel 3:18; 2 Samuel 7:5, 8, 26; Zerubbabel Haggai 2:23; Eliakim Isaiah 22:20
• The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8; compare Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of יהוה as Messianic builder of temple²

4. Servant of יהוה, in a special sense

• of Levitical singers Psalm 113:1; Psalm 134:1; Psalm 135:1
• usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6
• specifically Ahia 1 Kings 14:18; Elijah 2 Kings 9:36; Jonah 2 Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֺ, "" מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26

5. Israel as a people is servant of יהוה

• יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8, 9; Isaiah 44:21; Isaiah 49:3; Psalm 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1, 2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27
• עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19; and witness of יהוה Isaiah 43:10
• Ideal servant chosen to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (compare Isaiah 42:2–6); formed to bring back Jacob Isaiah 49:5, 6; interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11. [Messianic, see Matthew 8:16–17; 12:16–21; Luke 4:17–22; Philippians 2:5–11]

6. In polite address

Of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I:

• Genesis 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:7, 8; 2 Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11
• Also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1 Samuel 26:18, 19; 2 Samuel 14:22; 2 Samuel 24:21 +
• Addressing God in prayer: Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 3:9, 10; 2 Samuel 24:10; Psalm 19:12, 14; Psalm 31:17; Psalm 143:2 +

7. Phrases

• עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Genesis 9:26, 27; Genesis 44:10, 16, 17, 33; Genesis 47:19, 26 (Jehovist Source)
• היה לעבד, with לְ person, Genesis 44:9 (Jehovist Source) Genesis 50:18 (Elohist Source) 1 Samuel 8:17; 1 Samuel 17:9
• כבשׁ לעבדים Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 (Jehovist Source) 2 Kings 4:1; Job 40:28

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lag^{BN 77}).

² Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, 1886 (Br^{MP 442 ff}).

Prep-M, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: παῖδεσ παῖσ δοῦλόσ δούλου παῖδασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5650:

παῖδεσ 70× (8.3%)

παῖσ 68× (8.3%)

δοῦλόσ 53× (6.3%)

δούλου 45× (5.5%)

παῖδασ 41× (4.8%)

παίδων 37× (4.5%)

δούλων 37× (4.6%)

δοῦλόν 30× (3.5%)

δούλῳ 28× (3.3%)

δούλουσ 25× (3.0%)

והיתה וְהָיְתָה

and she has become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

לו לּוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

עד עַד־

until/perpetually/witness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עד

ʻad

Definition

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

Root

properly, the same as H5703 (עד) (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as עד (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with); against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle expressing continuance, progress, or duration; until, unto, as far as, up to, during, even, exceedingly. Denotes limits in space, time (till now, forever), or degree (highest limit).

עַד

noun • Root עדה ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1053

Progress, advance (in space); duration, perpetuitas; hence, eternity, perpetuity, everlasting.

עַד

adverb / preposition • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1060

Adverb: again, once more (repetition); continuedly, continually (continuance of action); longer, further, advanced state. Also Preposition/Conjunction: till, now, during (a time), while still.

עַד

preposition / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1054

1. (Of space) To, unto, as far as, even to; also like, as. 2. (Of time/Conj.) Till now, whilst that, until, so that, to the degree that. 3. (Particle) Even (used to intensify meaning).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Booty, spoil (parallel to plunder).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Dress, ornament (found only in proper names).

עַד

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Witness, testimony (collateral form of עֵד).

עַד

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1054

(Aramaic, same as Hebr. עַד 2) During, until, till at the last; to the intent that.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַד

m. subst. / preposition / conj. • Root עדה • Page 491

1. as a subst. eternity, duration. Ps. 9: 19. 19: 10. 2. as a subst. booty, prey. Gen. 49: 27. 3. as a prep. unto, until, spoken of time and space. Hab. 1: 2. 4. as a prep. during, while. Judg. 3: 26. 5. as a conj. until, construed with a pret. Josh.

עַד

chald. prep. and conj. • Page 492

As in Hebrew (preceding page).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5704

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי (Numbers 24:20, 24; Psalm 104:23; Psalm 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isaiah 26:4; Isaiah 65:18; Psalm 83:18; Psalm 92:8; Psalm 132:12; Psalm 132:14: compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי) preposition — as far as, even to, up to, until, while.

Cognates:

• Aramaic עד
• Sabean עד, עדי ¹
• Assyrian adi ²
• Arabic عَدَا (is except)

— עַד; suffix עָדַי Numbers 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Micah 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2 Kings 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic إِلَى ³).

I. Preposition

1. Of space

• a. Genesis 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Genesis 12:6; Genesis 13:3, 12 + often.
• עד צואר יגעַ Isaiah 8:8, Isaiah 15:4; Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5; Psalm 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים.
• דאו מים עד נפשׁ Psalm 69:2 (compare Jonah 2:6; Micah 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10, 18).
• תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Psalm 90:3; Job 11:7, etc.
• Pregnantly: Psalm 118:27 אִסְרוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .
• עַד מֵרָחוק Isaiah 57:9 even to afar.
• With the goal a person: Exodus 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1 Samuel 9:9; Psalm 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ; Isaiah 45:24; Job 4:5.
• שׁוּב עַד י׳ Hosea 14:2 (stronger than שׁוּב אֶל י׳).
• In poetry: Numbers 24:20 וְאַחֲרִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, Numbers 24:24.
• With verbs of attending: הֶאֱזִין עַד Numbers 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל).
• Before another preposition: 1 Samuel 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳; 1 Kings 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳; עַד מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:20; עַד לִפְנֵי Esther 4:2; עַד אֲלֵיהֶם 2 Kings 9:20; עַד נֶגֶד Nehemiah 3:16, 26; עַד נֹכַח Judges 19:10.

b. In combination מִן ... (וְ)עַד

• Genesis 10:19 מצידון ... עַד עַזָּה from Sidon ... as far as Gaza.
• Idiomatic, to express both... and: Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively).
• Without מִן, even to = including: Leviticus 11:42; Numbers 8:4; 1 Samuel 18:4.

2. Of time

• a. (α) even to, until: Genesis 8:5; Exodus 12:6, 15, 18.
• עד היום unto this day, Genesis 19:37–38; עד היום הזה Genesis 26:33; Genesis 32:33.
• עד יום followed by infinitive: Exodus 40:37; Joshua 6:10; Judges 18:30.
• עד בקר till morning, Exodus 12:10; עד (ה)ערב Exodus 18:13–14; poetic עֲדֵי ערב Psalm 104:23.
• עַד עוֺלָם Genesis 13:15; עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isaiah 13:20.
• With the force of against: Judges 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר.
• (β) followed by infinitive: Genesis 8:7; Genesis 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר; Genesis 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ; Leviticus 25:29 עַד תֹּם; 1 Samuel 15:18 עַד כַּלּוֺתָם.
• Force of against in עַד בֹּאָם: Genesis 43:25; Exodus 22:25; Numbers 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming.
• Elliptical: Judges 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him!
• (γ) with adverbs of time: עַד אָנָה, עַד מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד עַתָּה.
• (δ) suggesting degree: עַד אֵין מָקוֺם Isaiah 5:8; עַד אֵין מִסְמָּר Psalm 40:13; Job 5:9; Leviticus 26:18.
• b. During (rare): 2 Kings 9:22 עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל; Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע; followed by infinitive Judges 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם; Exodus 33:22; Job 7:19; Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree

• עַד מְאֹד exceedingly; עַד מְהֵרָה Psalm 147:15; Esther 5:6 עַד חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת.
• With a negative, not even: Deuteronomy 2:5 עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל; Exodus 9:7 לֹא מֵת ... עַד אֶחָד; Exodus 14:28; 2 Samuel 17:22.
• Almost = Latin adeo: 1 Samuel 2:5 עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה; Job 25:5; Haggai 2:19.
• In comparisons: Nahum 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים entangled even like thorns; 1 Chronicles 4:27; 2 Samuel 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא.

II. Conjunction

1. Until

• a. עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (α) with perfect, of past time, Exodus 32:20; Deuteronomy 2:14; Joshua 3:17; Joshua 8:26; Judges 4:24; 1 Kings 10:7; 2 Kings 17:20, 23; 2 Kings 21:16. Future perfect: 2 Samuel 17:13; Ezekiel 34:21.
• So עַד שֶׁ־ Judges 5:7; Songs 3:4; עַד כִּי Genesis 26:13; Genesis 41:49; 2 Samuel 23:10.
• (β) with imperfect, of future time, Genesis 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Genesis 29:8; Exodus 23:30; Numbers 11:20; Hosea 5:15. Past: Jonah 4:5; Ecclesiastes 2:3.
• b. עַד alone, until: (α) with perfect, of past time, Joshua 2:22; Joshua 4:23; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Kings 11:16. Future: 2 Kings 7:3; Daniel 11:36. (β) with imperfect, of future time, 1 Samuel 1:22; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 26:20; Psalm 57:2.
• In poetry, marks an epoch: Psalm 110:1 עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hosea 10:12.

2. While

• a. with perfect: 1 Samuel 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
• b. with imperfect: Psalm 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר.
• c. with participle: Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד); Nehemiah 7:3.
• d. עַד לֹא while not = ere yet: Proverbs 8:26; עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא Ecclesiastes 12:1, 2, 6.

3. Of degree, so that even

• Isaiah 47:7 עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ; Job 14:6.

III. עַד לְ, strengthened form

1. Of space

• Joshua 13:5 עד לבוא חמת; 1 Chronicles 5:9 עד למדברה; 1 Chronicles 4:39; 1 Chronicles 12:17; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time

• 1 Chronicles 23:25 עד לעולם; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב.
• Followed by infinitive: 1 Kings 18:29 עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה; 1 Chronicles 28:20 עַד לִכְלוֺת; 2 Chronicles 32:24 עַד לָמוּת.

3. Of degree

• 1 Chronicles 12:23 עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל; 2 Chronicles 16:12 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה exceedingly; 2 Chronicles 36:16 עַד לְאֵין מַרְמֵּא.

¹ Mordtmann, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxx (1876), 27; D.H. Müller, ZMG xxxvii (1883), 414.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrische Grammatik (Dl), § 81 a.

³ Fleischer, Kleinere Schriften (Fl), i. 402 f.

⁴ Olshausen, Heb. Gram. (Ol), 428, 431; König, Heb. Gram. (Kö), ii. 309 ff.

Preposition

LXX: ἕωσ εἰσ '' ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5704:

ἕωσ 1013× (78.3%)

εἰσ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.7%)

--- 24× (1.9%)

ἕωσ 22× (1.7%)

μέχρι 12× (0.9%)

ἔτι 11× (0.8%)

ἐπὶ 9× (0.7%)

dἕωσ 7× (0.5%)

πρὸσ 7× (0.6%)

שנת שְׁנַת

the duplicate

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנה

shâneh

Definition

a year (as a revolution of time)

Root

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from H8138 (שנה);

Exhaustive

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from שנה; a year (as a revolution of time); [phrase] whole age, [idiom] long, [phrase] old, year([idiom] -ly).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8141

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1459

Sleep; also sleep of death; figuratively, a dreamy, torpid thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

I. 1. tr. same as שָׁנָה I., properly to fold together two things, to double; hence to repeat, to do again, iterare. 2. intr. to be changeable, to change; to be fickle, or to be otherwise, different; to return, to be repeated; to copy; of time, to run a circuit.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

II. (Not used) intransitive, same as שָׁוָא II. to shine, to glitter, to lighten.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנָה

f. chald. • Page 690

a year. Plur. שְׁנִין. Dan. 6: 1.

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep, a dream. Ps. 90: 5.

שָׁנָה

verb • Page 690

1. to alter, to change or be changed. Mal. 3: 6; Lam. 4: 1. 2. to be different, diverse. Est. 1: 7; 3: 8. 3. to be of a different opinion. Prov. 24: 21. 4. to repeat, to do a second time. Neh. 13: 21; 1 Sam. 26: 8. Pi. to change, alter (promise, way, garments, or countenance). Ps. 89: 35; Jer. 2: 36; 52: 33; Job 14: 20. Pu. to be changed, disfigured. Ecc. 8: 1. Hithpa. to disguise one's self. 1 K. 14: 2.

שָׁנָה

noun feminine • Root שנה • Page 690

a year, perhaps literally a repetition or return of the same seasons. Deut. 14: 22; 1 Sam. 7: 16; Gen. 7: 11. Dual שְׁנָתַיִם two years. Gen. 41: 1; Jer. 28: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8141

I. שָׁנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 877) noun feminine (on apparent exception see Albr¹) — year (etymology see II. שׁנה).

— שָׁנָה absolute Amos 2:10 +; construct שְׁנַת Genesis 41:50 +; suffix שְׁנָתוֺ Ezekiel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10 (2 times); dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, שְׁנָתָיִם 1 Kings 15:25 +; plural שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 +, construct שְׁנֵי Genesis 23:1 (24 times), שְׁנוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7 (8 times, in poetry and late); suffix שְׁנָיו Leviticus 25:52 (4 times); שְׁנוֺתַי Isaiah 38:15; Psalm 31:11, שְׁנוֺתָם Psalm 78:33 (8 times).

1. As division of time

a. General usage

• Exodus 23:14
• Exodus 23:17
• רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ (beginning of the year) Deuteronomy 11:12 (opposed to אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ end of the year)
• צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ (exit of the year) Exodus 23:16
• תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ (revolution of the year) Exodus 34:22; 2 Chronicles 24:23
• תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ (return of the year) 2 Samuel 11:1

b. Recurring and indefinite intervals

• שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה (year by year) 1 Samuel 1:7
• שָׁנָה שָׁנָה Deuteronomy 14:22
• אַחֲרֵי שָׁנָה שָׁנָה (year after year) 2 Samuel 21:1
• בְּכָל־שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה (every single year) Esther 9:21, 27
• שָׁנִים (for years) Ezekiel 38:17
• זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 Samuel 29:3

2. Duration of life and age

• שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי (years of the life of...) Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of God: Job 10:5; Psalm 102:25; Psalm 102:28
• In phrase of age: (see בֵּן 9, בַּת 9)

3. Specific years and designations

• בִּשְׁנַת מוֺת הַמֶּלֶח (year of the king's death) Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 14:28
• שְׁנַת הַשּׁמִטָּה (year of release) Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10
• שְׁנַת הַיּוֺבֵל (year of Jubilee) Leviticus 25:13
• שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר (years of a hireling) Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 21:16
• שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם (year of their visitation) Jeremiah 11:23
• שְׁנַת רָצוֺן (year of favor) Isaiah 61:2

4. Numerical usage

• Plural after units: Exodus 21:2; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 Samuel 2:10
• Dual: שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1; שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1
• Singular after 11–19, tens and hundreds: Genesis 5:3, 9; Genesis 14:4
• Large numbers: אֶלֶף שָׁנִים (1000 years) Psalm 90:4; (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ecclesiastes 6:6
• Ordinal force: בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ (in the fourth year of) 1 Kings 22:41; בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:24
• Late usage with article: בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית 2 Kings 25:1; Ezra 7:8

II. שׁנה (root of following, meaning dubious).

Cognates:

• Arabic سنى (shine)
• Ethiopic ሠነየ (be beautiful)
• Assyrian šinîtu (dyed cloth)

¹ Albrecht, ZAW xvi (1896), 46.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 134p.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἔτη ἔτει ἐτῶν ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐνιαυτῷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8141:

ἔτη 287× (33.8%)

ἔτει 132× (13.0%)

ἐτῶν 114× (13.4%)

ἐνιαυτοῦ 35× (3.7%)

ἐνιαυτῷ 32× (2.8%)

ἐνιαυτὸν 30× (3.3%)

εἰκοσαετοῦσ 29× (3.0%)

ἔτουσ 26× (2.9%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ἐνιαύσιον 20× (2.4%)

הדרור הַדְּרוֹר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דרור

dᵉrôwr

Definition

freedom; hence, spontaneity of outflow, and so clear

Root

from an unused root (meaning to move rapidly);

Exhaustive

from an unused root (meaning to move rapidly); freedom; hence, spontaneity of outflow, and so clear; liberty, pure.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1865

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דְּרוֹר

noun / feminine • Root דרר • Strongs / High • Page 377

running round about, roving about, hence a bird that flies round about swiftly, a swallow or swift bird; according to others a wild dove.

דְּרוֹר

noun / masculine • Root דרר • Strongs / High • Page 377

freedom, liberation, of slaves, captives; the jubilee-year, the year of setting slaves free; figuratively a spontaneous flow, a free efflux.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דְּרוֹר

noun • Page 173

1. Freedom, deliverance; used in the phrase 'to announce freedom' (Is. 61: 1, Jer. 34: 8, Lev. 25: 10, Ezek. 46: 17). 2. Name of a bird, probably the swallow or turtle dove (Ps. 84: 4, Prov. 26: 2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1865

I. דְּרוֺר noun masculine — a flowing; free run, liberty.

1. A flowing

מָר־דְּרוֺר Exodus 30:23 (Priests' Code) i.e. myrrh of flowing, fine-flowing myrrh compare מֹר & Di.¹

2. Liberty

With קרא proclaim liberty:

• וּקְרָאתֶם דְּרוֺר בָּאָרֶץ לְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶיהָ Leviticus 25:10 (Holiness Code) in Jubilee year, compare Isaiah 61:1 ("" מְּקַח־קוֺחַ).
• Jeremiah 34:8, 15, 17 all reference to liberty of Sabbatical year.
• Jeremiah 34:17 (ironic) lo! I proclaim to you liberty unto the sword, unto pestilence & unto famine, i.e. liberty to be destroyed by sword, pestilence and famine (a judgment of Yahweh).
• שְׁנַת הַדּ׳ Ezekiel 46:17 i.e. year of Jubilee (compare Leviticus 25:10).

¹ August Dillmann, commentary on Exodus and Leviticus.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄφεσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1865:

ἄφεσιν 6× (76.4%)

ושבת וְשָׁבַת

and he has ceased

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

לנשיא לַנָּשׂיא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נשיא

nâsîyʼ

Definition

properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist

Root

or נשא; from H5375 (נשא);

Exhaustive

or נשא; from נשא; properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist; captain, chief, cloud, governor, prince, ruler, vapour.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5387

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 995

1. an exalted, distinguished one, hence a prince, applied to kings, heads or princes of tribes, heads of families, generals. 2. one bearing, a bearer. 3. (only pl.) ascending vapour, a cloud.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Page 460

m. strictly part. pass. from נָשָׂא. 1. a prince. 1 K. 11: 34. Ezek. 12 : 10. Num. 7: 11 ff. 2. plur. נְשִׂיאִים vapours, which form clouds. Jer. 10 : 13. 51: 16. Ps. 135: 7. Prov. 25: 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5387

I. נָשִׂיא (approximate number of occurrences: 128) noun masculine — one lifted up, i.e. a chief prince.

— נָשִׂיא absolute Exodus 22:27 +; construct נְשִׂיא Genesis 23:6 +; plural נְשִׂיאִים Joshua 22:32 +, נְשִׂאִים Exodus 34:31 (7 times), נְשִׂיאִם Genesis 17:20 (3 times), נְשִׂאִם Exodus 35:27; construct נְשִׂיאֵי Exodus 16:22 +; suffix נְשִׂיאַי Ezekiel 45:8, נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:29, נְשִׂיאֵיהֶם Numbers 17:21, נְשִׂיאֵהֶם Numbers 17:17, etc.; — mostly in Israel:

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Chief man

• נ׳ בְּעַמְּךָ of any chief man, Exodus 22:27 (Elohist Source; human ruler, over against אֱלֹהִים)

b. Of Solomon

• 1 Kings 11:34. (Elsewhere only Ezekiel, P, Chronicles)

c. Patriarchs and Ishmaelite tribes

• Of Abraham Genesis 23:6
• Heads of Ishmaelite tribes Genesis 17:20; Genesis 25:16

d. Rulers of the congregation

• נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה Exodus 16:22; Joshua 9:15, 18; Joshua 22:30
• הַנּ׳ בָּעֵדָה Exodus 34:31
• Compare Exodus 35:27; Leviticus 4:22; Joshua 9:18b; Joshua 9:19, 21 (twice in verse); Joshua 17:4; Joshua 22:14 (3 times in verse); Joshua 22:32 (Priests' Code)

e. Tribal chiefs and representatives

• According to the religious organization of P, Numbers 1:16, 44; Numbers 2:3, and 57 times in Numbers (especially chapters 2, 7, 34; note נְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלֵּוִי Numbers 3:32)
• Compare 1 Chronicles 2:10; 1 Chronicles 4:38; 1 Chronicles 5:6; 1 Chronicles 7:40; 2 Chronicles 1:2; also 1 Kings 8:1 (probably gloss, omitted by ᵐ5³), 2 Chronicles 5:2

2. Usage in Ezekiel

a. Of Zedekiah

• Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 12:10, 12; Ezekiel 21:30 (see Böhmer⁴)
• + Ezekiel 19:1 (read singular ᵐ5)

b. Chief men of Judah

• Ezekiel 21:17; Ezekiel 22:6; Ezekiel 45:8, 9

c. Future Davidic king

• Ezekiel 34:24; Ezekiel 37:25, compare Ezekiel 44:3 (twice in verse) + 16 times in Ezekiel 45, 46, 48

d. Foreign princes

• Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:21; Ezekiel 30:13; Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 38:2, 3; Ezekiel 39:1, 18

3. Other occurrences

• Leader of exiles: returning under Cyrus, according to Ezra 1:8
• Non-Israel chiefs: in P: Genesis 34:2; Numbers 25:18; Joshua 13:21

---

II. [נָשִׂיא] noun masculine — rising mist, vapour.

Cognates:

• Arabic نَشِيء, نَشَاء

— only plural נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16, Psalm 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Proverbs 25:14.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ Septuagint.

⁴ Julius Böhmer, "Die Bedeutung von נָשִׂיא in Ezekiel," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) (1900), 112 ff.

Preposition -For/Into Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄρχων ἄρχοντεσ ἀρχόντων ἀφηγούμενοσ ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5387a:

ἄρχων 47× (35.2%)

ἄρχοντεσ 21× (14.9%)

ἀρχόντων 10× (7.5%)

ἀφηγούμενοσ 7× (4.9%)

ἄρχοντα 6× (4.8%)

νεφέλασ 3× (2.5%)

--- 3× (2.5%)

ἄρχοντι 3× (2.3%)

ἀφηγούμενοι 3× (2.2%)

ἄρχοντασ 3× (2.2%)

אך אַ֚ךְ

Only

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אך

ʼak

Definition

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

Root

akin to H403 (אכן);

Exhaustive

akin to אכן; a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only; also, in any wise, at least, but, certainly, even, howbeit, nevertheless, notwithstanding, only, save, surely, of a surety, truly, verily, [phrase] wherefore, yet (but).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H389

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַךְ

adv. and conj. • Root אכן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 122

1. properly like אָכֵן, that, therefore. 2. Equivalent to כִּי as a sign of the apodosis: so, then. 3. Most frequently an expression of opposition: but, however, yet. 4. More rarely for. 5. certainly, yea (in admonitions). 6. sometimes variously modified by particles following (e.g. only that not, however to, but if now).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַךְ

conj. prim. • Page 47

1. only. Gen. 7: 23. 2. but, yet, nevertheless. Gen. 20: 12. 3. scarcely, only just now. Gen. 27: 30. 4. also. Gen. 9: 4. 5. indeed, certainly, surely. Is. 19: 11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H389

אַךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 159) adverb (perhaps from the same demonstrative root found also in כִּי, כֹּה, כֵּן).

1. Asseverative (Emphasizing Affirmation)

Generally only as asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, especially in colloquial language, surely, no doubt (doch wohl).

• Genesis 26:9 אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא of a surety, lo, she is thy wife!
• Genesis 29:14
• Genesis 44:28
• Judges 3:24
• Judges 20:39
• 1 Samuel 16:6 surely the anointed of יְהוָה is before him!
• 1 Samuel 25:21
• Jeremiah 5:4
• Psalm 58:12
• Psalm 73:1
• Psalm 73:13
• But also in other cases, though rarely: Isaiah 34:14, 15; Zephaniah 3:7; Psalm 23:6; Psalm 139:11; Psalm 140:14; Job 16:7; Job 18:21; and rather singularly Exodus 12:15; Exodus 31:13; Leviticus 23:27, 39 (all P¹).

2. Restrictive (Emphasizing Limitation or Contrast)

With a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows.

a. In Contrast to What Precedes

Howbeit, yet, but.

• Genesis 9:4 howbeit, flesh with the life thereof...ye shall not eat
• Genesis 20:12
• Exodus 21:21
• Leviticus 21:23
• Leviticus 27:26
• Numbers 18:15, 17
• 2 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 10:24 correct me, אַךְ בְּמִשְׁפָּט but with judgment
• Job 2:6
• Job 13:15
• Sometimes with an adversative force, as Isaiah 14:15; Isaiah 43:24
• Before an imperative (minimizing the request): Genesis 23:13 only, if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me! Genesis 27:13; Judges 10:15; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Kings 17:13 and elsewhere. So 1 Samuel 8:9 אַךְ כִּי (see כִּי; and compare πλήν ὅτι).

b. In Contrast to Other Ideas Generally

• Genesis 7:23
• Genesis 18:32 אַךְ הַמַּעַט only this once (so Exodus 10:17 and elsewhere)
• Exodus 34:15
• Exodus 12:16 (note accents)
• 1 Samuel 18:8 וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ תַּמְלֻכָּה and there yet remains for him only the kingdom
• 1 Samuel 21:5
• Isaiah 45:14 אַךְ בְּךָ אֱלֹהִים only in thee is God!
• Psalm 62:2 etc.
• Job 14:22
• Psalm 37:8 fret not thyself אַךְ לְהָרַע (which leadeth) only to do evil
• Proverbs 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet אַךְ לְמַחְסוֹר (tendeth) only to penury
• Proverbs 14:23
• Proverbs 21:5
• Proverbs 22:16
• Attaching itself closely to the following word (usually an adjective, rarely a verb), only, i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly: Deuteronomy 16:15 and thou shalt be אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ altogether rejoicing; Deuteronomy 28:29 (compare Deuteronomy 28:33 רַק); Isaiah 16:7 אַךְ נְכָאִים utterly stricken; Isaiah 19:11; Jeremiah 16:19 nought but lies; Jeremiah 32:30; Hosea 12:12; Job 19:13 אַךְ זָרִים are wholly estranged (with play on אַכְזָר cruel).

c. As an Adverb of Time (With Infinitive Absolute)

Twice:

• Genesis 27:30 אַךְ יָצָא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב וַיָּבֹא עֵשָׂו only just (or scarcely) had Jacob gone out...and (= when) Esau came in
• Judges 7:19

— וְאַח thrice: Genesis 9:5 and only (second limitation of Genesis 9:3); Numbers 22:20 but only; Joshua 22:19 but howbeit.

Note. — In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but, altogether, is adopted by Ges² Ew³ Hi⁴ De⁵ in Psalm 23:6; Psalm 62:10; Psalm 73:1; Psalm 73:13; by Ew Hi De in Psalm 39:6; Psalm 39:7 (Che⁶ surely); by Ges Ew De in Psalm 39:12 (but Hi Che surely); by Ew Hi in Psalm 73:18 (De Che surely); by Ges Hi De in Psalm 139:11 (Ew doch). Isaiah 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di⁷ only; but De Che of a truth.

¹ Priests' Code / Narrative (P source).

² Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Syntax of the Hebrew Language of the Old Testament, trans. J. Kennedy, Edinburgh, 1879.

⁴ Ferdinand Hitzig, Die Psalmen, Leipzig, 1863-1865.

⁵ Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms, trans. Francis Bolton, Edinburgh, 1887.

⁶ Thomas Kelly Cheyne, The Book of Psalms, London, 1888.

⁷ August Dillmann, Der Prophet Jesaja, Leipzig, 1890.

Adverb

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0389:

No stats available

נחלתו נַחֲלָתוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נחלה

nachălâh

Definition

properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

Root

from H5157 (נחל) (in its usual sense);

Exhaustive

from נחל (in its usual sense); properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion; heritage, to inherit, inheritance, possession. Compare נחל.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5159

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַחֲלָה

noun feminine • Root נחל נחה • Strongs / High • Page 961

1. (from נחל I) a possession, property, inheritance; a portion or lot assigned. 2. (prop. נַחַל with a of motion) a brook. 3. (from נָחָה) the reduced one; sickness, misfortune.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נַחְלָה

f. verbal from נָחַל / dec. xii. e. • Root נחל • Page 437

1. an inheritance (Prov. 19:14). 2. a property, possession (Num. 18:21; Deut. 4:21; Josh. 13:23). 3. the lot or destiny of any one (Job 20:29; 27:13; 31:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5159

I. נַחֲלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 224) noun feminine — possession, property, inheritance (originally gift; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew).

— נַחֲלָה absolute Numbers 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Psalm 16:6 (Ges¹ § 90g), read נַחֲלָתִי Ew² SS³ We⁴ Kö⁵ ii. 1, 425; construct נַחֲלַת Joshua 13:23; suffix נַחֲלָתִי Ruth 4:6; נַחֲלַתְכֶם Psalm 105:11; plural נְחָלוֺת Isaiah 49:8, נְחָלֹת Joshua 19:51.

1. Property

a. In Canaan given by י׳ to Israel

• נחלת ישׂראל Judges 20:6
• יעקב נ׳ Isaiah 58:14
• especially אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה Deuteronomy 4:21; Deuteronomy 15:4; Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 20:16; Deuteronomy 21:28; Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Jeremiah 12:14

b. Distributive among tribes

• לְ נתן נ׳ Numbers 16:14; Numbers 36:2; Joshua 14:3 (restore לְ), Joshua 17:4, 14; Joshua 19:49 (all Priests' Code)
• לְ נתן לנ׳ Deuteronomy 29:7; Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:13 (all Later Deuteronomic Source)
• נָָֽחֲלוּ נחלה Joshua 17:6 (Jehovist Source)
• תֵּחָלֵק בּנ׳ Numbers 26:53, 56 (Priests' Code)
• נפל בּנחלה Numbers 34:2 (Priests' Code), Judges 18:1; Ezekiel 47:22
• הפיל בנ׳ Joshua 13:6; Joshua 23:4 (Later Deuteronomic Source), Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 47:22, also Ezekiel 47:22 (Cornill⁶ reads בּ for מִ)

c. Nations as possession

• of the people Psalm 111:6
• of the king Psalm 2:8

d. Levites have no property in the land

• Numbers 18:23–24; Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12
• their possession is י׳ Numbers 18:20 (Priests' Code)
• י׳ הוּא נחלתו Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 18:2; Joshua 13:14, 33 (all Deuteronomic Source)
• the tithes Numbers 18:21, 24, 26 (Priests' Code)

e. י׳ takes Israel as his property

• 1 Samuel 10:1; 1 Kings 8:53; 2 Kings 21:14; Isaiah 19:25; Micah 7:18; Psalm 33:12; Psalm 68:10; Psalm 106:5
• עם נחלה Deuteronomy 4:20 (Later Deuteronomic Source)
• עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 9:26, 29 (Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:51
• "" עַם Isaiah 47:6; Joel 2:17; Joel 4:2; Micah 7:14; Psalm 28:9; Psalm 78:62; Psalm 78:71; Psalm 94:5; Psalm 94:14; Psalm 106:40
• נחלת י׳ 1 Samuel 26:19; 2 Samuel 20:19; 2 Samuel 21:3
• נ׳ אלהים 2 Samuel 14:16
• יעקב חבל נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:9
• שׁבט נ׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19, Psalm 74:2
• שׁבטי נ׳ Isaiah 63:17
• the holy mountain Exodus 15:17 (Song), temple Jeremiah 12:7; Psalm 79:1, land Jeremiah 2:7; Jeremiah 12:8–9; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 50:11

2. Portion, share

a. Assigned by God

• Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 37:18; Psalm 127:3
• elsewhere "" חֵלֶק Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Job 31:2

b. By choice

• "" חֵלֶק, לא נ׳ לנו בבן ישׁי 2 Samuel 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = 1 Kings 12:16; 2 Chronicles 10:16

3. Inheritance (45 times)

• חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִּינוּ Genesis 31:14 (Elohist Source) portion or inheritance in the house of our father
• העביר נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:7–8 (Priests' Code) cause the inheritance to pass unto
• נתן נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:9, 10, 11 (Priests' Code), Job 42:15
• נחלת אבות Numbers 36:3, 8; 1 Kings 21:3–4; Proverbs 19:14
• נ׳ תהיה לבניו Ezekiel 46:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Heinrich Ewald, scholar cited.

³ C. Siegfried and B. Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Julius Wellhausen, scholar cited.

⁵ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁶ Carl Heinrich Cornill, scholar cited.

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κληρονομίαν κληρονομία κληρονομίασ κλήρῳ κλῆροσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5159:

κληρονομίαν 58× (26.2%)

κληρονομία 38× (17.4%)

κληρονομίασ 27× (12.2%)

κλήρῳ 14× (6.2%)

κλῆροσ 13× (6.1%)

κληρονομίᾳ 12× (5.1%)

'' 7× (3.1%)

κλῆρον 5× (2.5%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

κατάσχεσιν 4× (1.8%)

בניו בָּנָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

להם לָהֶם

to themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

תהיה תִּהְיֶה׃

she is becoming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And if he shall give a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, and it was to him until the year of liberty; and it turned back to the prince: but his inheritance his sons'; to them it shall be.

LITV Translation:
But if he gives it as a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, then it shall be his until the year of liberty, then it shall return to the prince. His inheritance is only his sons'; it shall be theirs.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
But if he give a gift to one of his servants, then it shall belong to him until the year of release; and then he shall restore it to the prince: but of the inheritance of his sons the possession shall continue to them.