Ezekiel 40:32

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויביאני וַיְבִיאֵנִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

החצר הֶחָצֵר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חצר

châtsêr

Definition

a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)

Root

(masculine and feminine); from H2690 (חצר) in its original sense;

Exhaustive

(masculine and feminine); from חצר in its original sense; a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls); court, tower, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2691

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָצֵר

verb / intransitive • Root חצר • Strongs / High • Page 519

An intransitive verb not used in the Kal stem with two primary meanings: 1. to sound shrill, to clang, to peal, of a voice or musical instrument. 2. to bloom, to be green, to sprout forth.

חָצֵר

noun / common gender • Root חצר • Strongs / High • Page 520

1. A court, atrium, of a palace or temple; an uncovered enclosed space, a court-yard. Also a guard-court or prison. 2. A village, a hamlet, a villa, enclosed within itself, often belonging to city districts.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָצֵר

noun masculine • Root חצר • Page 244

1. court before a building. Neh. 8:16. Est. 5:2. especially of the tabernacle and temple, Ex. 27:9 ff. 2. a small place, village, such as were attached to larger towns. Josh. 13:23, 28.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2691

I. חָצֵר (approximate number of occurrences: 145) noun masculine (in Ezekiel 40:23) and (oftener) feminine (in 1 Kings 6:36) — enclosure, court.

— חָצֵר absolute 1 Kings 7:8 +; חָצֵרָה Jeremiah 36:20; construct חֲצַר Exodus 27:9 +; suffix חֲצֵרוֺ 2 Samuel 17:18; plural חֲצֵרוֺת Exodus 8:9 (4 times); construct חַצְרֵי Nehemiah 13:7, הַצְרוֺת 2 Kings 21:5 (10 times); suffix חֲצֵרָ֑י Isaiah 1:12, Zechariah 3:7; חֲצֵרֶיךָ Psalm 65:5, Psalm 84:11; חֲצֵרוֺתָ֑י 1 Chronicles 28:6; חֲצֵרֹתָיו Psalm 100:4, לְחַצְרוֺתָ֑יו Psalm 96:8, וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם Nehemiah 8:16.

1. Enclosures

Perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields:

• Exodus 8:9 (Jehovist Source)

2. Court of a private house or palace

• Of a private house: 2 Samuel 17:18 (containing a well), compare Nehemiah 8:16
• Of a palace: חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 Kings 7:8 (the other court), immediately surrounding palace, distinct from הֶחָצֵר הַגְּדוֺלָה 1 Kings 7:9, 12 (the great court)
• Other royal courts: 2 Kings 20:4; Jeremiah 36:20; Esther 1:5; Esther 2:11; Esther 4:11; Esther 5:1–2; Esther 6:4 (twice), 5
• חֲצַר הַמַּטָּרָה court of guard, place of confinement: Jeremiah 32:2, 8, 12; Jeremiah 33:1; Jeremiah 37:21 (twice); Jeremiah 38:6, 13, 28; Jeremiah 39:14, 15

3. Sanctuary Courts

a. Court of the tabernacle

• חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exodus 27:9, compare Exodus 27:12, 13; (24 times in Exodus, all Priests' Code); שַׁעַר הֶחָצֵר (gate of the court) Exodus 35:17; Exodus 38:15, 18, 31; Exodus 39:40; Exodus 40:8, 33
• In Leviticus and Numbers: Leviticus 6:9, 19; Numbers 3:26 (twice), 37; Numbers 4:26 (twice), 32

b. Court(s) of Solomon's temple

• Inner court: הֶחָצֵר הַמְּנִימִית 1 Kings 6:36; 1 Kings 7:12; Ezekiel 8:16; Ezekiel 10:3, 4
• Upper court: הֶחָצֵר הָעֶלְיוֺן Jeremiah 36:10
• Priests' court: חֲצַר הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Chronicles 4:9
• Outer court: הֶחָצֵר הַחִיצֹנָה Ezekiel 10:5 = הֶחָצֵר הַחֲדָשָׁה 2 Chronicles 20:5
• In poetry: חַצְרוֺת יְהוָה Isaiah 1:12; Isaiah 62:9; Zechariah 3:7; Psalm 65:5; Psalm 84:3, 11; Psalm 96:8; Psalm 100:4; Psalm 116:19; Psalm 135:2

c. Courts of Ezekiel's temple

• Ezekiel 40:14 (and 38 times in Ezekiel 40–46)

---

II. חָצֵר (approximate number of occurrences: 46) noun masculine (in Nehemiah 11:25) — settled abode, settlement, village.

Cognates:

• Arabic حضّر (to be present, settle or dwell)
• Sabean חצֿר (fixed abode)

— always plural, absolute חֲצֵרִים Joshua 19:8 +; construct חַצְרֵי 1 Chronicles 9:16; Nehemiah 12:28; suffix חֲצֵרֶיהָ Joshua 21:12 (4 times); חַצְרֵיהֶם 1 Chronicles 4:33 (6 times); חַצְרֵיהֶן Joshua 13:23 (24 times in Joshua).

a. Settlements of various peoples

• Of Ishmaelites: Genesis 25:16 (Priests' Code; parallel to טִירוֺת circles of tents)
• Of Avvim: Deuteronomy 2:23
• Of Kedar: Isaiah 42:11
• בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים houses of the villages which have no wall about them: Leviticus 25:31 (Holiness Code)
• מַאֲרַב חֲצֵרִים lurking-place of villages: Psalm 10:8

b. As dependencies of cities

• Joshua 15:46; with בְּנֹתֶיהָ Joshua 15:45, 47
• וְכָל הַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֺת הֶעָרִים Joshua 19:8, also Joshua 21:12 = 1 Chronicles 6:41
• Other occurrences in Joshua and Nehemiah: Joshua 13:23, 28; Nehemiah 11:25, 30

c. Villages, not contrasted with cities

• 1 Chronicles 9:16, 22, 25 (of Levites)

¹ Stade, Bernhard. "Salomos Bauten." Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), 1883, pp. 152 f.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ Holiness Code (Leviticus 17–26).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: αὐλῆσ αὐλὴν αὐλῇ αὐλαῖσ κῶμαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2691a:

αὐλῆσ 47× (25.7%)

αὐλὴν 26× (13.9%)

αὐλῇ 23× (11.2%)

αὐλαῖσ 13× (6.6%)

κῶμαι 12× (5.4%)

ἐπαύλεισ 10× (5.3%)

--- 9× (5.8%)

'' 8× (4.4%)

αὐλήν 6× (3.1%)

αὐλὴ 5× (3.0%)

הפנימי הַפְּנִימי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנימי

pᵉnîymîy

Definition

interior

Root

from H6440 (פנים);

Exhaustive

from פנים; interior; (with-) in(-ner, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6442

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פְּנִימִי

adjective • Root פנים • Consonantal / Low • Page 1180

inner, of the inner part, inner portion.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פְּנִימִי

denom. adj. • Root פנים • Page 547

Inner; the antithesis of חִיצוֹן. Feminine form is פְּנִימִית.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6442

I. מְּנִימִי (approximate number of occurrences: 32) adjective — inner.

— מְּנִימִי 1 Kings 6:27 +; feminine מְּנִימִית 1 Kings 6:36 +; masculine plural מְּנִימִים 1 Chronicles 28:11; feminine plural מְּנִימִיּוֺת 2 Chronicles 4:22.

1. Meanings and Uses

Always with article, and always of parts of building, usually temple:

• 1 Kings 6:27
• 1 Kings 7:12 +
• Ezekiel 8:3, 16
• Ezekiel 10:3
• Ezekiel 40–46 (21 times)

2. As Substantive

• בַּמְּנִימִי Ezekiel 41:17 on the inside (but dubious¹)
• אֶל־הַמְּנִימִית Ezekiel 42:4 toward the inside (strike out²)

¹ Carl Heinrich Cornill (Co) and others.

² Septuagint (ᵐ5), Peshitta (ᵑ6), Cornill (Co), Crawford Howell Toy (Toy) and others.

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἐσωτέραν ἐσωτέρασ ἔσωθεν ἐσωτέρᾳ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H6442:

ἐσωτέραν 9× (27.4%)

ἐσωτέρασ 7× (21.3%)

ἔσωθεν 3× (9.7%)

ἐσωτέρᾳ 2× (6.1%)

'' 2× (6.1%)

ἐσωτάτου 2× (6.1%)

דרך דֶּרֶךְ

road

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דרך

derek

Definition

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Root

from H1869 (דרך);

Exhaustive

from דרך; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb; along, away, because of, [phrase] by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1870

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 377

prop. to go along, to advance, to ascend. Hence 1. intr. to go, to wander, to walk. 2. tr. to tread, to tread down, an enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּרֶךְ

noun / common gender • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

A derivative of the verb דָּרַךְ. 1. A going, walking, journey. 2. A way, path, via. 3. An accessible, level road. 4. Metaphorically, conduct, undertaking, or way of acting.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

To tread, to walk. Specific uses include treading a wine-press, stretching or bending a bow by treading on it. Figuratively, to spur, drive, urge on, or in a bad sense, to despise.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דֶּרֶךְ

com. gen. • Page 174

1. way, the place to which the way leads; 2. walk, manner of life, conduct; 3. religious walk, devotion to God, religion; 4. way, manner, method; 5. work.

דָּרַךְ

verb • Page 173

1. To tread, to tread on; often used with an accusative or various prepositions (Job 22: 15, Judg. 5: 21, Ps. 91: 13). 2. To bend or stretch a bow by resting it on the ground and treading on it (Ps. 7: 13, 11: 3, 37: 14, 1 Chr. 5: 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1870

I. דֶּ֫רֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 715) noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exodus 18:20} — way, road, distance, journey, manner.

— דֶּ֫רֶךְ absolute Genesis 38:16 +; דָּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 38:21 +; construct דֶּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 3:24; suffix דַּרְכִּי Genesis 24:42 (4 times) + 2 Samuel 22:33 דַּרְכִּו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hosea 10:13, 1 Kings 19:15; דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 5:9 (9 times); דַּרְכֵךְ Jeremiah 2:23 (8 times); דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1 Samuel 1:18, Job 28:23; דַּרְכֵּ֫נוּ Judges 18:5 (2 times); דַּרְכְּכֶם Genesis 19:2 (3 times); דַּרְכָּם 1 Kings 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, 18; plural דְּרָכִים Deuteronomy 28:7 (6 times); construct דַּרְכֵי Proverbs 3:17 (24 times); suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 (17 times), דְּרָכָ֑י Psalm 95:10 (4 times); דְּרָכֶ֫יךָ Deuteronomy 28:29 (16 times); דְּרָכֶ֫ךָ Exodus 33:13 (2 times); דְּרָכַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 3:18 (4 times); דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 7:3 (3 times); דְּרָכָיו Deuteronomy 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶ֫יהָ Proverbs 3:17 (3 times); דְּרָכֵ֫ינוּ Lamentations 3:40, Zechariah 1:6; דַּרְכֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:22 (17 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:17 (5 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. way, road, path
   • Genesis 35:3 (Elohist Source)
   • Genesis 38:16, 21 (Jehovist Source)
   • Genesis 48:7 (Priestly Code)
   • Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
   • construct way of (often = to, toward): דֶּ֫רֶךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 3:24 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁוּר Genesis 16:7 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ אֶ֫רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exodus 13:17 (Elohist Source).
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַמֶּ֫לֶךְ Numbers 20:17; 21:22 i.e. the highway.
   • Of the path of God: בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 77:20; Nahum 1:3.
   • figurative of death: בְּדֶ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2.
2. journey
   • Genesis 24:21, 40, 42 (Jehovist Source)
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֫שֶׁת יָמִים journey of three days Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 3:18.
   • go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ Genesis 19:2 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 32:2 (Elohist Source).
3. direction, toward
   • 1 Kings 8:44, 48 pray toward the city.
   • In Ezekiel (c. 28 times): דֶּ֫רֶךְ צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5; דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:10.
4. way, manner
   • a. usage דֶּ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Genesis 19:31.
   • b. customary experience דֶּ֫רֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35 (Elohist Source).
   • c. manner of Egypt דֶּ֫רֶךְ מִצְרַ֫יִם Amos 4:10.
5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings
   • Deuteronomy 28:29; Joshua 1:8; Psalm 37:5; Proverbs 3:6.
   • In summary of a king's life: 2 Chronicles 13:22; 2 Chronicles 27:7.
6. of moral action and character

   a. In general

   • הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 (Priestly Code).
   • Psalm 119:5, 59; Proverbs 16:9; Jeremiah 7:3.

   b. Of duty (commanded by God)

   • Exodus 18:20 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:6; Psalm 25:8; Isaiah 30:21.

   c. Specifically in good sense

   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה 1 Samuel 12:23.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6; דֶּ֫רֶךְ חַיִּים Proverbs 6:23.

   d. Oftener in bad sense

   • דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judges 2:19; דֶּ֫רֶךְ רָעָה 1 Kings 13:33.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שֶׁ֫קֶר Psalm 119:29; דֶּ֫רֶךְ מָ֫וֶת Proverbs 14:12.

   e. Way of Yahweh

   • (α) Creative activity: Job 26:14; Proverbs 8:22.
   • (β) Moral administration: Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 103:7; Isaiah 55:9.
   • (γ) His commandments: Genesis 18:19 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 5:30; Psalm 25:4; Malachi 2:9.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code.

⁴ Deuteronomic Source.

⁵ Holiness Code.

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1890.

⁷ J. Wellhausen, Text der Bücher Samuelis, 1871.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὁδὸν ὁδῷ ὁδοὺσ ὁδοῦ ὁδοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1870:

ὁδὸν 148× (20.8%)

ὁδῷ 125× (15.6%)

ὁδοὺσ 59× (8.0%)

ὁδοῦ 57× (7.4%)

ὁδοῖσ 54× (6.7%)

ὁδόν 41× (5.5%)

ὁδὸσ 35× (4.9%)

ὁδούσ 25× (3.3%)

ὁδοὶ 19× (2.8%)

ὁδόσ 13× (1.7%)

הקדים הַקָּדים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קדים

qâdîym

Definition

the fore or front part; hence (by orientation) the East (often adverbially, eastward, for brevity the east wind)

Root

or קדם; from H6923 (קדם);

Exhaustive

or קדם; from קדם; the fore or front part; hence (by orientation) the East (often adverbially, eastward, for brevity the east wind); east(-ward, wind).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָדִים

noun / masculine • Root קדם • Strongs / High • Page 1258

M. properly what is before, anterior; hence the east, the eastern quarter, east wind; often implies a stormy or violent wind.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָדִים

m. verbal • Root קדם • Page 579

1. liter. what is before or in front (Hab. 1: 9). 2. the east (Ezek. 47: 18; 48: 1). 3. the east wind, in full רוּחַ קָדִים; an extremely tempestuous wind (Job 27: 21; Is. 27: 8; Jer. 18: 17; Ps. 48: 8; Ezek. 27: 26). Metaphorically, something vain (Hos. 12: 2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6921

I. קָדִים (approximate number of occurrences: 69) noun masculine — East, east wind.

— קָדִים absolute Genesis 41:6 +; with ה locative קָדִ֫ימָה Ezekiel 11:1 +, קָדִ֫מָה Ezekiel 48:4 +.

1. Apart from Ezekiel

a. East, especially wind of the East

• רוּחַ (הַ)קָּדִים wind of the East, east wind, often as violent and scorching, from desert on southeast, = Arabic sirocco, compare Driver¹: Exodus 10:13 (twice in verse) (JE Source), Exodus 14:21 (Yahwist Source), Jeremiah 18:17 (simile), Jonah 4:8; Psalm 48:8
• קָדִים (רוּחַ omitted) = east wind: Genesis 41:6, 23, 27 (Elohist Source), Hosea 12:2; Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 27:8; Job 15:2; Job 27:21; Job 38:24; Psalm 78:26

קָדִימָה Habakkuk 1:9 is dubious, usually eastward, i.e. forward, but text probably corrupt, compare Wellhausen, Nowack, Davidson; G. A. Smith proposes מַקְדִּים.

2. In Ezekiel (52 times)

a. East

• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים east wind Ezekiel 17:10; Ezekiel 19:12; Ezekiel 27:26
• east side Ezekiel 42:16 (+ north, south, west)
• שַׁעַר הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:44 (+ north, south)
• פְּאַת קָדִים Ezekiel 47:18, + west Ezekiel 48:6–8, compare Ezekiel 48:1 (פְּאַת קָדִים הַיָּם; but read מִמִּזְרַח פְּאַת קָדִים עַד פְּאַת יָמָּה Septuagint, Cornill, Toy and others), + north, south, west, Ezekiel 48:16
• דֶּרֶךְ הַקָּדִים i.e. toward the east Ezekiel 40:10 (7 times), מִדֶּרֶךְ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 43:2
• לַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:23 eastward (+ North) Ezekiel 41:14
• מֵהַקָּדִים Ezekiel 42:9 on the East

b. קָדִ֫ימָה = East

• דֶּרֶךְ הַקָּדִימָה Ezekiel 40:6
• גְּבוּל קָדִימָה Ezekiel 45:7; Ezekiel 48:21 (+ west)
• פְּאַת קָדִימָה Ezekiel 47:18, + west Ezekiel 48:3 (8 times), + north, south, west, Ezekiel 48:32

c. As adverb קָדִ֫ימָה eastward

• Ezekiel 11:1; Ezekiel 44:1; Ezekiel 47:1; + west Ezekiel 45:7, Ezekiel 48:18, + north, south, west, Ezekiel 48:10; Ezekiel 48:17
• Also (הַ)קָּדִים eastward Ezekiel 40:19; Ezekiel 43:17; Ezekiel 46:1, 12; Ezekiel 47:1, 3, + north Ezekiel 47:2

¹ S. R. Driver, The Books of Joel and Amos (1897).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀνατολὰσ ἀνατολάσ pπρὸσ pκατ' καύσωνα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6921:

ἀνατολὰσ 30× (33.5%)

ἀνατολάσ 14× (16.2%)

pπρὸσ 7× (9.1%)

pκατ' 5× (6.5%)

καύσωνα 4× (5.0%)

νότον 4× (4.8%)

ἀνεμόφθοροι 3× (3.3%)

κατέναντι 2× (2.6%)

νότοσ 2× (2.4%)

καύσων 2× (2.4%)

וימד וַיָּמָד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדד

mâdad

Definition

properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended; measure, mete, stretch self.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4058

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָדַד

verb • Root מדד • Strongs / High • Page 811

1. to stretch, to protract, to extend, to make roomy, to spread over; to hand over, impart, reward, distribute, reach out. The same fundamental signification is also in Arabic. 2. To stretch out a measuring line, to ascertain the length of a thing; generally to measure; to mete out the surface; applied even to hollow measures.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדָּד

noun masculine • Root נדד • Page 356

Probably an escaping, fleeing away (Job 7: 4). The whole passage may be rendered: 'when I lie down, I say, when shall I arise, and (when) shall the night be gone?'

מָדַד

verb • Root מדד • Page 356

1. to stretch out, to extend. 2. to measure, literally to stretch out the measuring line (Ezek. 40: 5). Metaphorically: to recompense (Is. 65: 7). Also occurs in Niph., Pi., Po., and Hithpo. forms.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4058

I. מָדַד (approximate number of occurrences: 53) verb — measure.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Phoenician מדד
• Arabic مدّ extend, stretch, مدّ a corn-measure
• Assyrian madâdu measure
• Jewish-Aramaic noun מִידָּה measure, proportion, rule

— מָדַד Perfect (מָדָ֑ד) Isaiah 40:12 (9 times Ezekiel); suffix מְדָדוֺ Ezekiel 42:15, Ezekiel 42:20; 1 singular וּמַדֹּתִ֫י Isaiah 65:7; וּמָֽדְדוּ consecutive Deuteronomy 21:2; Ezekiel 43:10; וּמַדֹּתֶם consecutive Numbers 35:5; Imperfect וַיָּ֫מָד Ruth 3:15 (22 times Ezekiel); 2 masculine singular תָּמוֺד Ezekiel 45:3; וַיָּמֹ֫דּוּ Exodus 16:18; תָּמֹ֫דּוּ Ezekiel 47:18; Infinitive לָמֹד Zechariah 2:6.

1. Qal: Meanings and Uses

a. measure of length, distance

• Numbers 35:5 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 21:2 (Deuteronomic Source)
• Ezekiel 40:5, 6, 8, 20 (32 times Ezekiel 40–47)
• Zechariah 2:6

b. of dry measure

• Exodus 16:18 (Priests' Code)
• Ruth 3:15

c. figurative of measuring

• Of measuring waters: Isaiah 40:12 (of יהוה)
• Of requital: Isaiah 65:7

2. Niph`al

Niph`al Imperfect יִמַּד Hosea 2:1; Jeremiah 33:22; יִמַּדּוּ Jeremiah 31:37; — be measured:

• Of sand of sea: Hosea 2:1; Jeremiah 33:22
• Of heavens: Jeremiah 31:37

3. Pi`el

Pi`el Perfect וּמִדַּדֿ consecutive Job 7:4 (compare GKC¹ §52. 2. R. l); Imperfect וַיְמַדֵּד 2 Samuel 8:2; וַיְמַדְּדֵם 2 Samuel 8:2; אֲמַדֵּד Psalm 60:8; Psalm 108:8.

1. extend, continue (= make extent or continuation), subject עֶרֶב Job 7:4.
2. measure, measure off, בַחֶבֶל, of apportioning Moabites to death and life, followed by suffix 2 Samuel 8:2; also object חֲבָלִים 2 Samuel 8:2; metaphor of conquest, followed by accusative, Psalm 60:8 = Psalm 108:8 (+ חִלֵּק).

4. Po. (Polel)

Po. Imperfect וַיְמֹ֫דֶד Habakkuk 3:6 (subject God, object אֶרֶץ), measured (namely, with eye) Vulgate Hi AV RV, but dubious; Septuagint ἐσαλεύθη, Targum אֲזִיעַ, hence shook Ew Ke Or and others (from √ מוֺט, but read then rather וַיְמֹטֵט; Wellhausen plausibly וַיְמֹגֵג from √ מוג, compare Nahum 1:5).

5. Hithpo`el

Hithpo`el וַיִּתְמֹדֵד followed by עַלהַֿיֶ֫לֶד; 1 Kings 17:21 measured (= extended, stretched) himself upon the boy.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: διεμέτρησεν διαμετρήσω ἐμέτρησεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4058:

διεμέτρησεν 30× (55.9%)

διαμετρήσω 2× (4.4%)

ἐμέτρησεν 2× (4.1%)

'' 2× (3.7%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

השער הַשַּׁעַר

the Gate

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שער

shaʻar

Definition

an opening, i.e. door or gate

Root

from H8176 (שער) in its original sense;

Exhaustive

from שער in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate; city, door, gate, port ([idiom] -er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8179

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁעַר

noun masculine • Root שער • Strongs / High • Page 1466

1. Prop. cleft, aperture, a gate (of a city, camp, temple, palace, etc.). Often refers to a gate-building, a place of public resort or forum where trials were held and business transacted. Figuratively used for entrances (of heaven, deep, rivers). 2. A measure, hundredfold.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֹׁעֵר

adjective • Page 694

vile, mean, detestable, spoken of figs. Jer. 29: 17.

שַׁעַר

verb • Root שער • Page 693

to think, estimate. Once Prov. 23:7. (Chald. שַׁעַר to measure. Arab. שער to fix a price.)

שַׁעַר

m. verbal • Root שער • Page 693

I. a measure. Once Gen. 26:12. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים an hundred measures, i. e. an hundred fold.

שַׁעַר

com. gen. prim. • Root שער • Page 693

II. a gate, porta. In the gate the orientals have their market and their courts of judgment (Prov. 22:22, Amos 5:10). Thither the people assemble to pass away time (Gen. 19:1, Ps. 69:13). Lists various gates of Jerusalem including: the fountain-gate (Neh. 2:14), the dung-gate (Neh. 2:13), the valley-gate (Neh. 2:13), the corner-gate (Is. 31:38), the gate of Ephraim (Neh. 8:16), the old gate (Neh. 3:6), the first gate (Zech. 14:10), the fish-gate (Neh. 3:3), the sheep-gate (Neh. 3:1), the review-gate (Neh. 3:31), the horse-gate (Neh. 3:28), the water-gate (Neh. 3:26), and the prison-gate (Neh. 12:39).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8179

I. שַׁ֫עַר (approximate number of occurrences: 373) noun masculine ^{2 Samuel 18:24} (feminine ^{Isaiah 14:31} in personification¹) — gate.

— שַׁ֫עַר absolute Judges 9:40 +; construct שַׁעַר Genesis 22:17 +; with ה locative שָׁ֑עְרָה Isaiah 28:6 +; plural שְׁעָרִים 2 Samuel 18:24 +, construct שַׁעֲרֵי 1 Samuel 17:52 +; suffix שְׁעָרֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ezekiel 21:20; Ezekiel 48:34, etc.

1. City Gates and Entrances

a. Gate as entrance to city

• Shut (+ סָגַר) by night Joshua 2:5, 7 (Jehovist Source), compare Isaiah 45:1
• Opened (+ מָּתַח) by day Nehemiah 7:3, compare Isaiah 60:11
• For entrance (+ בּוֺא) and exit (+ יָצָא) Jeremiah 17:19–27; Lamentations 4:12; Ezekiel 26:10 +
• Pass out through (+ עָבַר) Micah 2:13, Isaiah 62:10
• With bars Psalm 147:13; attacked Ezekiel 21:20, 27; Isaiah 28:6; Micah 1:9, 12; 1 Samuel 17:52
• Burned by foe Jeremiah 19:27; Jeremiah 51:58; Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, 13, 17
• As giving control or possession of city: יָרַשׁ אֵת שַׁעַר אֹיְבָיו Genesis 22:17; Genesis 24:60 (Jehovist Source)
• Entrance of the gate (+ מֶּתַח) Judges 9:40; doors of the gate (+ דַּלְתוֺת) 1 Samuel 21:14
• Of farm or village Judges 18:16, 17; of camp Exodus 32:26, 27 (Jehovist Source)
• Structure: with roof 2 Samuel 18:24; upper chamber 2 Samuel 19:1; figurative "lift up your heads" Psalm 24:7, 9
• Public nature: 1 Samuel 9:18; 2 Samuel 3:27; 1 Samuel 4:18; 2 Samuel 15:2; Proverbs 8:3

b. Particular gates of Jerusalem:

• (1) Gate of Ephraim שַׁעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2 Kings 14:13
• (16) Corner Gate שַׁעַר הַמִּנָּה 2 Kings 14:13; Jeremiah 31:38; 2 Chronicles 26:9; probably = שַׁעַר הַמִּנִּים Zechariah 14:10
• (17) Sheep Gate שַׁעַר הַצּאֹן Nehemiah 3:1, 32; Nehemiah 12:39
• (18) First Gate שַׁעַר הָרִאשׁוֺן Zechariah 14:10²

c. Of Ezekiel's holy city

• שַׁעֲרֵי הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:31 (12 times in chapter 48), three on each side, named for tribes.

2. Gate as Public Space and Community

a. Gate = space inside gate

As public meeting-place, market 2 Kings 7:1, 18; place of public well 2 Samuel 23:15, 16; where elders, judges, and king sat officially Deuteronomy 21:19; Deuteronomy 22:15; Amos 5:12, 15; Isaiah 29:21; Genesis 19:1 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 24:7; Job 5:4; Job 31:21; Ruth 4:1; Proverbs 31:23, 31.

• Square of the gate (+ רְחוֺב) Genesis 19:2; Nehemiah 8:16; 1 Chronicles 9:16
• Citizenship rights (+ בָּאֵי שַׁעַר) Genesis 23:10, 18 (Priests' Code); body of citizens כָּל שַׁעַר עַמִּי Ruth 3:11

b. Hence also = city

• Isaiah 14:31 ("" עִיר)
• Psalm 87:2, etc.

c. Specifically in Deuteronomy, "in thy gates" (i.e. thy cities)

• Deuteronomy 5:14 (= Exodus 20:10)
• Deuteronomy 12:12, 15, 17, 21; 1 Kings 8:37; Jeremiah 14:2
• Of private house Proverbs 14:19

3. Palaces and Sacred Enclosures

a. Gate of royal castle or palace

• 2 Kings 9:31; Jeremiah 22:2, 4; Nehemiah 2:8; Esther 2:19
• Specific: שַׁעַר סוּר 2 Kings 11:6; שַׁעַר הַיְסוֺד 2 Chronicles 23:5; שַׁעַר הָרָצִים 2 Kings 11:19

b. Of temple

• Jeremiah 7:2; 1 Chronicles 9:23; Psalm 100:4; Psalm 118:20
• שַׁעַר בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֺן Jeremiah 20:2; הַשַּׁעַר הֶחָדָשׁ Jeremiah 26:10; שַׁעַר הַקַּדְמֹנִי Ezekiel 10:19

c. Of Ezekiel's temple and courts

• Ezekiel 40:3, 6; Ezekiel 44:11, 17 (67 times in Ezekiel 40–47)

d. Of court of tabernacle (Priests' Code)

• שַׁעַר הֶחָצֵר Exodus 27:16; Exodus 35:17; Numbers 4:36

4. Figurative uses

• Gate of heaven שַׁעַר הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 28:17 (Elohist Source)
• Gates of Sheol שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֺל Isaiah 38:10
• Gates of death שַׁעֲרֵי מָֿוֶת Job 38:17; Psalm 9:14; Psalm 107:18
• Gates of deep darkness שַׁעֲרֵי צַלְמָוֶת Job 38:17

Aramaic

I. תְּרַע noun masculine gate, door (Targum, Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שַׁ֫עַר).

1. door of furnace
   • construct תְּרַע Daniel 3:26
2. gate of king (palace, court)
   • Daniel 2:29 (Compare Esther 2:19; also Arabic باب gate, then the court of a sovereign; الباب العالي Sublime Porte).

¹ Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der hebräischen Hauptwörter," ZAW 16 (1896): 86.

² For sites and relations see Ency. Bib. Jerusalem; Hastings DB; Buhl, Geographie des alten Palästina; Guthe, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (ZPV).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πύλησ πύλην πύλαισ πύλῃ πύλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H8179:

πύλησ 104× (27.0%)

πύλην 43× (10.8%)

πύλαισ 27× (6.6%)

πύλῃ 26× (5.9%)

πύλη 24× (6.3%)

πύλαι 21× (5.4%)

'' 19× (4.9%)

πύλασ 18× (4.7%)

πόλεσίν 16× (3.6%)

πυλῶν 16× (3.8%)

כמדות כַּמִּדּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדה

middâh

Definition

properly, extension, i.e. height or breadth; also a measure (including its standard); hence a portion (as measured) or a vestment; specifically, tribute (as measured)

Root

feminine of H4055 (מד);

Exhaustive

feminine of מד; properly, extension, i.e. height or breadth; also a measure (including its standard); hence a portion (as measured) or a vestment; specifically, tribute (as measured); garment, measure(-ing, meteyard, piece, size, (great) stature, tribute, wide.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4060

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִדָּה

noun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 811

Aramaic, same as the Hebrew word מִדָּה.

מִדָּה

noun feminine • Root מדד • Strongs / High • Page 812

1. extension, length, tallness, dimension, width, continuance. 2. a measure, a measuring-line, measuring-reed. 3. gift, offering, tribute.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדָּה

noun feminine • Root מדד • Page 356

1. extension, great extent (1 Chr. 11: 23). 2. a measure, length measured out (Ex. 26: 2, 8). 3. a garment (Ps. 133: 2). 4. as in Chald. tribute (Neh. 5: 4).

מִדָּה

m. chald. • Page 356

tribute, pars cuivis demensa (Ezra 4: 20, 6: 3). Sometimes written מִנְדָּה (Ezra 4: 13, 7: 24).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4060

I. מִדָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 35) noun feminine — measure, measurement, stature, size, garment (mostly late).

— מִדָּה absolute Exodus 26:2 35t.; construct מִדַּת Ezekiel 40:21 2t.; plural מִדּוֹת Ezekiel 41:17 12t.; suffix מִדּוֹתָיו Psalm 133:2; מִדּוֹתֶיהָ Ezekiel 48:16.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. measure, act of measurement

• i.e. long measure: Ezekiel 41:17 (strike out Cornill¹), Ezekiel 42:15; Ezekiel 48:30, 33; compare Joshua 3:4 (Priests' Code²), 1 Chronicles 23:29; see also Leviticus 19:35 (Holiness Code)
• once of liquid measure, figurative, Job 28:25
• קַו הַמִּדָּה measuring-line Jeremiah 31:39
• חֶבֶל מִדָּה (id.) Zechariah 2:5
• קְנֵה הַמִּדָּה measuring-reed Ezekiel 40:3, 5; Ezekiel 42:16 (strike out Cornill¹), Ezekiel 42:16; Ezekiel 42:17; Ezekiel 42:18; Ezekiel 42:19

b. measurement, size

• of curtains in tabernacle: Exodus 26:2, 8; Exodus 36:9, 15 (all Priests' Code)
• compare 1 Kings 6:25; 1 Kings 7:37 (+ קֶצֶב), 1 Kings 7:9; 1 Kings 7:11; 2 Chronicles 3:3; Ezekiel 40:10 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 40:21, 22, 24, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35; Ezekiel 43:13; Ezekiel 46:22; Ezekiel 48:16
• once of time, מִדַּת יָמַי Psalm 39:5
• probably also Job 11:9 (figurative of God's wisdom) where מִדָּהּ = מִדָּתָהּ, compare Stade³ § 347, 2
• בֵּית מִדּוֹת house of size Jeremiah 22:14
• אִישׁ מִדָּה man of size, stature, 1 Chronicles 11:23; 1 Chronicles 20:6; so also probably 2 Samuel 21:20 (for HCT מדין, Qr מָדוֹן, see [מַד]), Wellhausen, Driver, Kittel, Budde
• plural Numbers 13:32; Isaiah 45:14

c. measured portion, extent

• stretch (of wall) Nehemiah 3:11, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, compare Ezekiel 45:3

d. garment

• (plural poetic) Psalm 133:2

---

II. [מִדָּה] noun feminine — tribute.

Cognates:

• Assyrian mandattu, id., √ nadânu = Hebrew נָתַן
• Aramaic מִנְדָּה, מִדֶּה id.

— construct מִדַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ Nehemiah 5:4.

מדה (secondary form of מדד; root of following).

¹ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ B. Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: μέτρον μέτρα --- μέτρου μέτρῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4060a:

μέτρον 15× (25.6%)

μέτρα 10× (13.5%)

--- 4× (7.3%)

μέτρου 4× (6.4%)

μέτρῳ 3× (5.2%)

διαμέτρησισ 3× (4.6%)

φόροι 2× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (2.5%)

האלה הָאֵלֶּה׃

the Mighty One/Goddess

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלה

ʼâlâh

Definition

an imprecation

Root

from H422 (אלה);

Exhaustive

from אלה; an imprecation; curse, cursing, execration, oath, swearing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H423

אלה

ʼêlâh

Definition

an oak or other strong tree

Root

feminine of H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

lemma אלה first vowel, corrected to אלה; feminine of איל; an oak or other strong tree; elm, oak, teil-tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H424

אלה

ʼêl-leh

Definition

these or those

Root

prolonged from H411 (אל);

Exhaustive

prolonged from אל; these or those; an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָלָה

verb • Root אל • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

I. 1. To be strong, powerful, stout (intr.); 2. To strengthen, to swear, confirm by an oath (tr.); 3. To curse (not used); 4. To be fat.

אָלָה

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

1. An oath (allied in sense is שְׁבֻעָה); 2. A covenant confirmed by an oath; 3. Curse, imprecation, connected with exclamations of swearing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵלֶּה

pronoun • Page 51

these, employed as the plural of זֶה (zeh) and זאת (zot). Ref: Judg. 6:11, 19; 1 Sam. 17:2, 19; 2 Sam. 18:9, 14; Ezek. 31:14.

אֵלֶּה

chald. pron. plur. • Page 51

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew אֵלֶּה (these). Ref: Jer. 10:11.

אָלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אלה • Page 50

1. oath; 2. particularly a covenant confirmed by an oath (Gen. 26:28); 3. imprecation, curse (Num. 5:21).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

1. to swear (1 K. 8:31); 2. to curse (Judg. 17:2). Hiph. to cause to swear (1 K. 8:31).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

to lament (Joel 1:8). Equivalent to Syriac usage.

אֵלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אל • Page 50

turpentine-tree, pistacia terebinthus. A common tree in Palestine growing to considerable height with evergreen leaves and clustering fruit (Gen. 35:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H423

I. אָלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 35) noun feminine Genesis 26:28 + — oath.

— אָלָה absolute Genesis 26:28 +; suffix אָלָתִי Genesis 24:41 (twice in verse), אָלָתוֹ Genesis 24:41 + (4 times); plural אָלוֹת Deuteronomy 29:20 + (4 times).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Oath in testimony

• Leviticus 5:1
• Numbers 5:21 (twice in verse) (P¹)
• Proverbs 29:24
• בֹּא בְּאָלָה come into an oath Nehemiah 10:30
• הָבִיא בְּאָלָה bring into an oath Ezekiel 17:13
• נִשְׁבַּע אָלָה swear an oath 1 Kings 8:31 (= 2 Chronicles 6:22)

b. Oath of covenant

• Genesis 24:41 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 26:28 (J²)
• Deuteronomy 29:11
• Deuteronomy 29:13
• בָּזָה אָלָה despise an oath Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 17:16, Ezekiel 17:18, Ezekiel 17:19

c. Curse

• From God:
  • Numbers 5:23 (P¹)
  • Deuteronomy 29:18
  • Deuteronomy 29:19
  • Deuteronomy 29:20
  • Deuteronomy 30:7
  • 2 Chronicles 34:24
  • Isaiah 24:6
  • Jeremiah 23:10
  • Daniel 9:11
  • Zechariah 5:3
• From men:
  • Job 31:30
  • Psalm 10:7
  • Psalm 59:13

d. Execration

• In the phrase הָיָה לְאָלָה become an execration Numbers 5:27 (P¹); Jeremiah 29:18; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:12

¹ P: Priests' Code / Narrative (a source in the Pentateuch).

² J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source (a source in the Pentateuch).

H424

I. אֵלָה noun feminine terebinth (= אֵלָה (?) see IV. אֵל > B. Stade¹, Geschichte des Volkes Israel 455 who derives from אֵל = divine; but compare ibidem on lack of clear distinction between אֵלָה, אֵלוֹן & אַלּוֹן) — Genesis 35:4 (15 times) + אֵלָה Genesis 49:21 (for אֵלָה אַיָּלָה see below) — terebinth = Pistacia terebinthus, Linn., a deciduous tree with pinnate leaves & red berries; occasional in Palestine; grows to great age; always of single tree; near Shechem Genesis 35:4 (Elohist Source²) compare אַלָּה Joshua 24:26 (Elohist Source, read אֵלָה ?), Ophrah Judges 6:11, Judges 6:19; in Jabesh 1 Chronicles 10:12; tree in which Absalom was caught 2 Samuel 18:9 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 18:10, 2 Samuel 18:14; see also 1 Kings 13:14; expressly of idol-shrine Hosea 4:13 (parallel אַלּוֹן, לִבְנֶה) Ezekiel 6:13; as fading, withering, simile of Judah Isaiah 1:30; as hewn down, simile idem Isaiah 6:13 (parallel אַלּוֹן); figurative of Naphtali אֵלָה שְׁלֻחָה Genesis 49:21 (אֵלָה H. Ewald³ J. Olshausen⁴ A. Dillmann⁵ > אֵלָה אַיָּלָה hind quod vide) a slender terebinth, see Dillmann & compare II. אֵלָה; in topographic designation בֵּית הָאֵלָה 1 Samuel 17:2, 1 Samuel 17:19; 1 Samuel 21:10 (see עֵמֶק).

¹ B. Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

² Elohist Source (E) refers to the Elohist narrative source in the Pentateuch.

³ H. Ewald, Antiquities of Israel, trans. H. S. Solly, London, 1876.

⁴ J. Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ A. Dillmann, Genesis, critically and exegetically expounded, trans. W. B. Stevenson, Edinburgh, 1897.

H428

אֵלֶּה pronoun plural masculine and feminine — these, in usage the plural of זֶה.

Cognates:

• Rabbinic אֵלוּ
• Aramaic אֵלִין
• Compound with and אֱלֹהִים in Old Aramaic 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶, ܐܠܗܐ
• Syriac ܗܠܝܢ
• Arabic هَؤُلَاءِ
• Ethiopic እልእልእ

1. Meanings and Uses

a. In apposition to a substantive with a pronominal suffix (always without the article)

• Genesis 2:4 and often
• Exodus 9:14 (read with Hiphil אֵלֶּה בְּךָ for אֵלֶּה בְּךָ)
• Exodus 10:1 אֹתֹתִי אֵלֶּה these my signs
• Exodus 11:8
• Deuteronomy 11:18
• 1 Kings 8:59
• 1 Kings 10:8
• 1 Kings 22:23
• 2 Kings 1:13
• Jeremiah 31:21
• Ezra 2:65
• Nehemiah 6:14
• In the genitive: 2 Kings 6:20; Isaiah 47:9; Deuteronomy 18:12; Psalm 15:5
• And after כָּל Genesis 14:3 and often

Standing alone in a neuter sense, these things (rare in best prose, and not very common in poetry)

• With עָשָׂה Deuteronomy 18:12; Deuteronomy 22:5; Deuteronomy 25:16; 2 Samuel 23:17, 2 Samuel 23:22; Psalm 15:5 and others
• With other verbs: Ezra 9:1; Isaiah 44:21; Isaiah 47:7; Jeremiah 13:22; Hosea 14:10; Psalm 42:5; Psalm 50:21; Psalm 107:43; Job 8:2
• With אֵת Numbers 15:13; Isaiah 48:14
• With כָּל Judges 13:23; Isaiah 66:2 and others
• אֵלֶּה may point indifferently to what follows: Genesis 6:9; Genesis 10:1; Genesis 25:7, Genesis 25:12, Genesis 25:13; Psalm 42:5
• Or to what has preceded: Genesis 9:19; Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31, Genesis 10:32; Genesis 25:4; Leviticus 21:14; Leviticus 22:22; Psalm 15:5
• = such as these (τοιαῦτα): Psalm 73:12; Job 18:21

b. Repeated, אֵלֶּה ... אֵלֶּה, these ... those

• Deuteronomy 27:13
• Joshua 8:22
• Isaiah 49:12 (3 times)
• Psalm 20:8 and others

c. With the article (but only after a substantive determined likewise by the article) הָאֵלֶּה

• Genesis 15:1 and others
• In Joshua 17:9 עָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, read הָעָרִים, compare Joshua 17:12; Joshua 19:8; Joshua 19:16; Joshua 19:31; Joshua 19:48, etc.

d. With prepositions

• בְּאֵלֶּה Leviticus 25:54; Leviticus 26:23; 1 Kings 22:11 (7 times)
• בָּאֵלֶּה 1 Samuel 16:10; 1 Samuel 17:39
• לְאֵלֶּה Leviticus 11:24 (4 times)
• לָאֵלֶּה 1 Kings 22:17 (5 times)
• מֵאֵלֶּה Genesis 9:19 (16 times)
• עַד אֵלֶּה Leviticus 26:18
• עַל אֵלֶּה on account of these things Isaiah 57:6; Isaiah 64:11; Jeremiah 5:9 and elsewhere
• כְּאֵלֶּה Job 16:2; Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19
• כָּאֵלֶּה Genesis 27:46; Leviticus 10:19 (things like these, so Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 18:13) Numbers 28:24 P (compare Ezekiel 45:25) 2 Kings 25:17 = Jeremiah 52:22
• כְּמוֹ אֵלֶּה Job 12:3

¹ Hi. refers to Hiphil stem (active causative).

² P refers to Priests' Code / Narrative source.

Particle definite article, Particle demonstrative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0423:

No stats available

H0424:

No stats available

H0428:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he will bring me to the inner enclosure the way of the east: and he will measure the gate according to these measures.

LITV Translation:
And he brought me into the inner court eastward. And he measured the gate by these measures.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he brought me in at the gate that looks eastward: and he measured it according to these measures: