Ezekiel 34:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וצאני וְצֹאני

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צאן

tsôʼn

Definition

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

Root

or צאון; (Psalm 144:13), from an unused root meaning to migrate;

Exhaustive

or צאון; (Psalm 144:13), from an unused root meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men); (small) cattle, flock ([phrase] -s), lamb ([phrase] -s), sheep(-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6629

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צֹאן

noun feminine • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 1210

f. coll. properly a heap, a herd, a mass; hence 1. a troop of men; commonly 2. small cattle, sheep and goats (without a plural form).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צֹאן

noun feminine • Page 560

a collective noun denoting small cattle, i.e. sheep and goats. Gen. 27:9. Lev. 1:10. 22:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6629

I. צאֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 273) collective noun feminine¹ (possibly masculine Genesis 30:39 a +, Kö^{Synt. § 247 g}, but dubious, Genesis 30:39b with verb feminine plural, as usually; in 1 Samuel 15:14 join הַוֶּה with קוֺל; see further Albr^{ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.}) — small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks.

— צאֹן absolute Genesis 4:2 +; construct צאֹן Genesis 29:9 +; suffix צאֹנוֺ Genesis 4:4 +; צאֹנֵנוּ Exodus 10:9, צאֹונֵוּ Psalm 144:13; as plural צאֹנֵינוֺ Nehemiah 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer; very late, si vera lectio), etc.

1. Literally

a. Small cattle, usually of sheep and goats in one flock

• Genesis 30:31, 32 + (Rob^{BR i. 477})
• Sheep specified: Genesis 21:28 (+ כִּבְשׂת הַצּ), Genesis 31:28 (+ אֵילֵי צ) +; sheep only 1 Samuel 25:2 (+ עִוִּים)
• Goats specified: Genesis 27:9; Jeremiah 50:8
• As yielding animals for food: Amos 6:4 (+ בָּרִים), 1 Samuel 14:32; 2 Samuel 12:4; Nehemiah 5:18 +; צאֹן מַאְַבָל Psalm 44:12 (in simile)
• As yielding wool: Genesis 31:19 + (see גָּזַז, גֵּז)
• As yielding milk: חֲלֵב צ Deuteronomy 32:14 (? goats' milk, compare Proverbs 27:27)
• As sacrificial victims: Genesis 4:4 (Yahwist Source), Leviticus 1:2, 10; Leviticus 3:6; Numbers 15:3 (all Priests' Code), Numbers 22:40 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 12:6, 17, 21 + often; צאֹן קָדָשִׁים Ezekiel 36:38a, compare Nehemiah 10:37 (+ בְקָרֵינוּ וְצאֹנֵינוּ בְּכוֺרֵי)
• In general as property: (often + בָּקָר, etc.) Genesis 12:16; Genesis 13:5; Genesis 24:35; Job 1:3; Job 42:12 + often
• As gift: Genesis 20:14; Genesis 21:27; Genesis 38:17 (goat), Deuteronomy 15:14; 2 Chronicles 17:11; booty 1 Samuel 15:9, 15 +

b. Sometimes of a definite number of animals

(i.e. as plural of שֶׂה, etc.):

• Two: Isaiah 7:21
• Four: Exodus 21:37 (larger numbers see 1 Samuel 25:2, 5, 18; Numbers 31:32, 36; Nehemiah 5:18; Job 1:3; Job 42:12)

2. Simile of multitude

• Ezekiel 36:37, 38, compare Psalm 107:41
• Of children: Job 21:11; of dead, with death as shepherd Psalm 49:15
• Of Israel: Numbers 27:17; 1 Kings 22:17; 2 Chronicles 18:16; Zechariah 10:2; Zechariah 13:7, wandering in sin Isaiah 53:6
• Led by Jehovah: Psalm 77:21; Psalm 78:52; Psalm 80:2, compare Zechariah 9:16; Ezekiel 34:12
• In distress: כְּצאֹן טִבְחָה Psalm 44:23, compare (of wicked) צאֹן לְטִבְחָה Jeremiah 12:3; of scattered Babylonian Isaiah 13:14

3. Metaphor of multitude

• צאֹן אָרָם Ezekiel 36:38
• Of Israel: 2 Samuel 24:17 = 1 Chronicles 21:17; Jeremiah 23:1, 2, 3; Ezekiel 24:5, especially sustained figurative Ezekiel 34:2, 31; Zechariah 11:7, 17
• צאֹן אֹבְדוֺת Jeremiah 50:6; צאֹן תִּפְאַרְתֵךְ Jeremiah 13:20
• Under Jehovah's care: צאֹן מַרְעִיתֶךָ Psalm 74:1; Psalm 79:13; Psalm 100:3; Ezekiel 34:31; also צאֹן יָדוֺ Psalm 95:7; צאֹן נַחֲלָתֶךָ Micah 7:14
• In combinations: אַדִּירֵי הַצֵּ Jeremiah 25:34, 35, 36; צאֹן הַהֲרֵגָה Zechariah 11:4, 7; עֲנִיֵּי הַצּ Psalm 44:7, 11; צְעִירֵי הַצּ Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Syntax (1897) (Kö^Synt.).

² Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der hebräischen Hauptwörter," Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xv (1895), 316 ff.

³ Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine (1841) (Rob^BR).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: πρόβατα προβάτων πρόβατά ὡσ ποίμνια

LXX Usage Statistics

H6629:

πρόβατα 113× (37.7%)

προβάτων 75× (24.6%)

πρόβατά 20× (6.4%)

ὡσ 18× (6.8%)

ποίμνια 8× (2.8%)

ποιμνίων 8× (2.6%)

κτήνη 6× (1.9%)

προβάτοισ 5× (1.3%)

--- 5× (1.9%)

ποίμνιον 4× (1.3%)

מרמס מִרְמַס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מרמס

mirmâç

Definition

abasement (the act or the thing)

Root

from H7429 (רמס);

Exhaustive

from רמס; abasement (the act or the thing); tread (down) -ing, (to be) trodden (down) under foot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4823

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִרְמָס

masculine noun • Root רמס • Strongs / High • Page 909

An object of treading down.

מִרְמָס

noun • Root רמס • Strongs / High • Page 910

A treading down, place of treading; destruction.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִרְמָס

noun masculine • Root רמס • Page 408

What is trodden under foot. (Is. 5:5; 7:25; 10:6; Ezek. 34:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4823

מִרְמָס noun masculine — trampling-place, trampling.

— מִרְמָס absolute Micah 7:10 +, מִרְמַס (compare Kö¹) Isaiah 10:6; construct מִרְמַס Isaiah 7:25, Ezekiel 34:19; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. trampling-place

• מִרְמַס שֶׂה Isaiah 7:25 ("" מִשְׁלַח)
• מִרְמַס רַגְלֵיכֶם Ezekiel 34:19 (figurative)

b. trampling

• וְהָיָה לְמִרְמָס Isaiah 5:5 it shall become a trampling, i.e. be trampled down, so Micah 7:10
• וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס Isaiah 28:18
• Isaiah 10:6
• Daniel 8:13

¹ F. E. König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: καταπάτημα

LXX Usage Statistics

H4823:

καταπάτημα 5× (60.3%)

רגליכם רַגְלֵיכֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רגל

regel

Definition

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

Root

from H7270 (רגל);

Exhaustive

from רגל; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda; [idiom] be able to endure, [idiom] according as, [idiom] after, [idiom] coming, [idiom] follow, (broken-)foot(-ed, -stool), [idiom] great toe, [idiom] haunt, [idiom] journey, leg, [phrase] piss, [phrase] possession, time.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7272

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶגֶל

noun • Root רגל • Strongs / High • Page 1319

common, the foot (dual רַגְלַיִם); sole of the foot (כַּף רֶגֶל); toe (אֶצְבַּע רֶגֶל); euphemistically urine; standing- or dwelling-place; metaphor. step, journey, march, tread, track, guidance; plur. רַגְלַיִם also means steps or times; modern Hebrew, pilgrimage to a festival.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֶגֶל

com. gen. noun • Page 607

1. the foot. Is. 1: 6. 3: 16. Also metonymically at the foot or in the track of any one. 2. metaphorically a step, pace. Gen. 33: 14. Plur. רְגָלִים times, Lat. vices, Lev. 11: 23, 42.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7272

I. רֶ֫גֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 247) noun feminine (on masculine suffix Song of Solomon 5:3) — foot.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic رِجْل
• Aramaic רַגְלָא
• Palmyrene רגלה
• Zinjirli לגרי
• Mandean ליגרא
• Ethiopic vehicle

— רֶ֫גֶל absolute Exodus 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל Exodus 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Numbers 22:25 +; suffix רַגְלִי Genesis 30:30 +; dual רַגְלַ֫יִם 1 Samuel 28:3 +, רַנְלָ֑יִם 2 Samuel 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Genesis 24:32 +; suffix רַגְלַי Numbers 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5 +; plural רְגָלִים Exodus 23:14 +.

1. Foot

a. Human foot

• Washing feet: Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2 (+ רחץ)
• In figure: Deuteronomy 32:35; 1 Samuel 2:9; Job 12:5
• רֶ֫גֶל נַּאֲוָה (foot of pride): Psalm 36:12
• כַּף רֶ֫גֶל (sole of foot): Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 11:24; Isaiah 1:6 (מִכַּף רֶ֫גֶל וְעַד רֹאשׁ)
• Parts of the foot: אֶצְבְּעוֹת רֶ֫גֶל (toes) 2 Samuel 21:20; בֹּהֶן רֶ֫גֶל (great toe) Judges 1:6; שָׁרְשֵׁי רֶ֫גֶל Job 13:27
• As leg: 1 Samuel 17:6 (note feminine)

b. Anthropomorphism of God

• Exodus 24:10; 2 Samuel 22:10; Nahum 1:3
• הֲדֹם רַגְלָיו (his footstool): Isaiah 66:1; Lamentations 2:1; 1 Chronicles 28:2; Psalm 99:5

c. Of celestial beings and idols

• Seraphim: Isaiah 6:2
• Cherubim: Ezekiel 1:7; 2 Chronicles 3:13
• Idols: Psalm 115:7

d. Of animals

• Dove: Genesis 8:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Fowl/Insects: Leviticus 11:21, 23, 42
• Calf: Ezekiel 1:7
• Beast: Ezekiel 29:11; Job 39:15

e. Of furniture

• Table: Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:13 (Priestly Code)

f. Phrases and Idioms

• לְרֶ֫גֶל (according to the pace of): Genesis 33:14
• At one's guidance: Deuteronomy 33:8
• בְּרֶ֫גֶל (on foot): Numbers 20:19; Judges 4:15
• Following/Obeying: אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלָיו Exodus 11:8; Judges 4:10; 1 Kings 20:10
• נָשָׂא רַגְלָיו (set out): Genesis 29:1 (Elohist Source)
• יָרִים אֶת־רַגְלוֹ (do anything): Genesis 41:44 (Elohist Source)
• Euphemism: מֵסִיךְ אֶת־רַגְלָיו (relieve oneself) Judges 3:24; 1 Samuel 24:3
• שַׂעַר הָרַגְלַיִם (hair of private parts): Isaiah 7:20

2. Plural meaning times

In the phrase שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים (three times):

• Exodus 23:14 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 22:28, 32–33 (Jehovist Source)

¹ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Synt. § 14).

² Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW xvi, 1896, 76).

³ Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb 368).

⁴ Dillmann, Lexicon linguae Aethiopicae (Di 347).

⁵ Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik (Nö M 102).

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: πόδασ ποδῶν πόδεσ ποσὶν πόδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7272:

πόδασ 61× (22.3%)

ποδῶν 39× (14.5%)

πόδεσ 22× (7.9%)

ποσὶν 20× (6.9%)

πόδα 19× (6.8%)

ποὺσ 12× (4.7%)

ποδὸσ 8× (3.0%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (2.2%)

--- 6× (2.6%)

ποσίν 5× (1.8%)

תרעינה תִּרְעינָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רעה

râʻâh

Definition

to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend); [idiom] break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with, herdman, keep (sheep) (-er), pastor, [phrase] shearing house, shepherd, wander, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7462

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָעָה

verb • Root רעה • Strongs / High • Page 1346

I. 1. tr. properly to lead, conduct, cattle; hence to feed, pascere, to guard, to have care for, to rule; 2. Metaphor. to lead, guide, govern, care for, to teach, instruct; 3. intr. to feed, of cattle, to go about in their pasture, to rest comfortably, or to lie down quietly.

רָעָה

verb • Root רעה • Strongs / High • Page 1346

II. Stem belonging to רָצָה III.

רָעָה

verb / tr. • Root רעה • Strongs / High • Page 1347

II. To unite, with one, to associate with one; hence to be friendly with one or to a thing, i. e. to like; fig. to think, to meditate.

רָעָה

noun feminine / particle • Root רעע • Strongs / High • Page 1347

Perhaps the feminine of a masculine Kal participle (רָע), from the intransitive רָעַע, meaning friable.

רָעָה

adjective / noun feminine • Root רע • Strongs / High • Page 1347

1. Feminine adjective of רַע I., meaning bad, evil. 2. Substantive meaning ill, evil, badness, misfortune, destruction, ruin, affliction, misery.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָעָה

verb • Page 623

I. 1. To feed (a flock), to lead or guide them (metaphorically of a prince or God as shepherd). 2. To graze or pasture (of cattle); metaphorically to consume or eat up. 3. To support or nourish. References: Gen. 30:36; Ps. 23:1; Is. 5:17; Mic. 5:5.

רָעָה

verb • Page 623

II. To take delight or pleasure in a person or thing. Cognate with Chaldee רְעָה.

רָעָה

verb • Root רעה • Page 624

To take pleasure in or associate with any one (Prov. 13:20); also to pursue after things like the wind (Hos. 12:2).

רָעָה

f. verbal • Root רצע • Page 624

Evil, adversity, destruction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7462

I. רָעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 167) verb — pasture, tend, graze.

Cognates:

• Assyrian rê'û (verb pasture, noun ruler)
• Tel Amarna ru—i (as Canaanism)¹
• Arabic رعى
• Ethiopic ርዐየ
• Aramaic רְעָא

— רָעָה Qal; Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְרָעָה Micah 5:3 +, 1 singular suffix consecutive זּרְעִיתִים Ezekiel 34:13, 3 plural suffix consecutive וְרָעוּם Jeremiah 23:4, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְעֶה Isaiah 27:10 +, jussive יֵ֫רַע Job 20:26, suffix יִרְעֶנָּה Psalm 80:14, וַיִרְעֵם Psalm 78:72; Imperative masculine singular רְְעֵה Micah 7:14 +, suffix רְעֵם Psalm 28:9; feminine singular רְעִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural רְעוּ Genesis 29:7; Infinitive construct לִרְעוֺת Genesis 37:12 +, etc.; Participle רֹעֶה Genesis 30:36 +, suffix רֹעִי Psalm 23:1 +; feminine singular רֹעָה Genesis 29:9, Proverbs 25:19, etc.

1. Transitive meanings

a. Pasture, tend (literal)

• with accusative צאֹן Genesis 30:31, 36; Genesis 37:12 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 3:1 (Elohist Source)
• accusative of asses Genesis 36:24 (Priests' Code), kids Song of Solomon 1:8
• metaphor גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Hosea 9:2; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם Psalm 49:15

b. Figurative of Yahweh

• of person, Genesis 48:15 (Elohist Source) God, who shepherded me
• with accusative of people, as flock Hosea 4:16; Isaiah 40:11; Micah 7:14; Ezekiel 34:13–16

c. Figurative of ruler and teacher

• 2 Samuel 5:2 = 1 Chronicles 11:2; Jeremiah 3:15; Ezekiel 34:2
• of teaching, יִרְעוּ רַבִּים שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק Proverbs 10:21

d. Participle as shepherd, herdsman

1. literal צאֹן רֹעֵה Genesis 4:2; Genesis 46:32; shepherdess רֹעָה Genesis 29:9 (Jehovist Source)
2. figurative of ruler (Assyrian rê'û, Greek ποιμένα λαῶν) Jeremiah 17:16, Zechariah 10:2; Isaiah 44:28 (of Cyrus)
3. epithet of Yahweh רֹעִי Psalm 23:1, רֹעֵה יִשׂ׳ Psalm 80:2, רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ׳ Genesis 49:24

2. Intransitive meanings

a. Literally of cattle

• with ב location Genesis 41:2, 18 (Elohist Source); with accusative of pasture Isaiah 30:23; Job 1:14

b. Figurative uses

• of idolater, Isaiah 44:20 he feedeth on ashes; Hosea 12:2 (Ephraimitic Source) feedeth on wind
• of Israel as flock Isaiah 14:30, Zephaniah 3:13, Micah 7:14
• hence crop, strip, devastate Micah 5:6; Jeremiah 2:16

Niph`al possibly Job 20:26 (but see Qal supra); Hiph`il Psalm 78:72.

II. [רָעָה] verb — associate with (compare Late Hebrew רֵעוּת friendship from רֵעַ).

• Qal Imperative וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Psalm 37:3 cherish faithfulness; Participle כְסִילִים רֹעֶה Proverbs 13:20 one associating with fools.
• Hithpa`el אַלתִּֿתְרַע Proverbs 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; Isaiah 11:7, Proverbs 18:24.

III. [רָעָה] verb denominative Pi`el — be a special friend.

• Perfect 3 masculine singular רֵעָה לוֺ Judges 14:20 his comrade who had been 'best man' to him.

¹ Hugo Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen (Wkl).

² Friedrich Schulthess, Homonyme Wurzeln im Syrischen (1900).

³ Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Onomastica Sacra.

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine plural

LXX: ποιμένεσ ποιμένων ποιμένασ ποιμὴν ποιμήν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7462b:

ποιμένεσ 25× (12.8%)

ποιμένων 11× (5.6%)

ποιμένασ 11× (5.8%)

ποιμὴν 7× (3.7%)

ποιμήν 6× (3.5%)

βοσκηθήσονται 6× (3.3%)

ποιμαίνων 5× (2.6%)

ποιμαίνει 5× (2.4%)

ποιμαίνειν 5× (2.7%)

ποιμένα 4× (2.2%)

ומרפש וּמִרְפַּשׂ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מרפש

mirpâs

Definition

muddled water

Root

from H7515 (רפש);

Exhaustive

from רפש; muddled water; that which...have fouled.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4833

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶפֶשׁ

noun masculine • Root רפש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1354

(from רָפַשׁ) m. slime, along with מַיִם Is. 57, 20, that which the בּוֹץ throws up.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

רָפַשׁ

verb intransitive • Root רפש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1354

(not used) intr. V. to be soft, viscous, tough, slimy, cognate in sense with טִיט I. Connected in its organic root with that in פָּשָׁה, פֶּשֶׁת. Deriv. רֶפֶשׁ.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

רָפַשׁ

trans. verb • Root רפש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1354

(fut. יִרְפַּשׁ) trans. V. to muddy, to roll together, by casting up of slime (Ez. 32, 2), or with the feet (Ez. 34, 18). Nif. נִרְפַּשׁ to be muddy, of a spring Prov. 25, 26.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִרְפָּשׂ

noun masculine • Root רפש • Page 408

Fouled or troubled water. (Ezek. 34:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4833

I. מִרְמָשׂ (approximate number of occurrences: 1) noun masculine — befouled (water, by trampling).

— construct מִרְמַּשׂ רַגְלֵיכֶם Ezekiel 34:19.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4833:

No stats available

רגליכם רַגְלֵיכֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רגל

regel

Definition

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

Root

from H7270 (רגל);

Exhaustive

from רגל; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda; [idiom] be able to endure, [idiom] according as, [idiom] after, [idiom] coming, [idiom] follow, (broken-)foot(-ed, -stool), [idiom] great toe, [idiom] haunt, [idiom] journey, leg, [phrase] piss, [phrase] possession, time.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7272

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶגֶל

noun • Root רגל • Strongs / High • Page 1319

common, the foot (dual רַגְלַיִם); sole of the foot (כַּף רֶגֶל); toe (אֶצְבַּע רֶגֶל); euphemistically urine; standing- or dwelling-place; metaphor. step, journey, march, tread, track, guidance; plur. רַגְלַיִם also means steps or times; modern Hebrew, pilgrimage to a festival.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֶגֶל

com. gen. noun • Page 607

1. the foot. Is. 1: 6. 3: 16. Also metonymically at the foot or in the track of any one. 2. metaphorically a step, pace. Gen. 33: 14. Plur. רְגָלִים times, Lat. vices, Lev. 11: 23, 42.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7272

I. רֶ֫גֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 247) noun feminine (on masculine suffix Song of Solomon 5:3) — foot.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic رِجْل
• Aramaic רַגְלָא
• Palmyrene רגלה
• Zinjirli לגרי
• Mandean ליגרא
• Ethiopic vehicle

— רֶ֫גֶל absolute Exodus 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל Exodus 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Numbers 22:25 +; suffix רַגְלִי Genesis 30:30 +; dual רַגְלַ֫יִם 1 Samuel 28:3 +, רַנְלָ֑יִם 2 Samuel 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Genesis 24:32 +; suffix רַגְלַי Numbers 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5 +; plural רְגָלִים Exodus 23:14 +.

1. Foot

a. Human foot

• Washing feet: Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2 (+ רחץ)
• In figure: Deuteronomy 32:35; 1 Samuel 2:9; Job 12:5
• רֶ֫גֶל נַּאֲוָה (foot of pride): Psalm 36:12
• כַּף רֶ֫גֶל (sole of foot): Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 11:24; Isaiah 1:6 (מִכַּף רֶ֫גֶל וְעַד רֹאשׁ)
• Parts of the foot: אֶצְבְּעוֹת רֶ֫גֶל (toes) 2 Samuel 21:20; בֹּהֶן רֶ֫גֶל (great toe) Judges 1:6; שָׁרְשֵׁי רֶ֫גֶל Job 13:27
• As leg: 1 Samuel 17:6 (note feminine)

b. Anthropomorphism of God

• Exodus 24:10; 2 Samuel 22:10; Nahum 1:3
• הֲדֹם רַגְלָיו (his footstool): Isaiah 66:1; Lamentations 2:1; 1 Chronicles 28:2; Psalm 99:5

c. Of celestial beings and idols

• Seraphim: Isaiah 6:2
• Cherubim: Ezekiel 1:7; 2 Chronicles 3:13
• Idols: Psalm 115:7

d. Of animals

• Dove: Genesis 8:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Fowl/Insects: Leviticus 11:21, 23, 42
• Calf: Ezekiel 1:7
• Beast: Ezekiel 29:11; Job 39:15

e. Of furniture

• Table: Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:13 (Priestly Code)

f. Phrases and Idioms

• לְרֶ֫גֶל (according to the pace of): Genesis 33:14
• At one's guidance: Deuteronomy 33:8
• בְּרֶ֫גֶל (on foot): Numbers 20:19; Judges 4:15
• Following/Obeying: אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלָיו Exodus 11:8; Judges 4:10; 1 Kings 20:10
• נָשָׂא רַגְלָיו (set out): Genesis 29:1 (Elohist Source)
• יָרִים אֶת־רַגְלוֹ (do anything): Genesis 41:44 (Elohist Source)
• Euphemism: מֵסִיךְ אֶת־רַגְלָיו (relieve oneself) Judges 3:24; 1 Samuel 24:3
• שַׂעַר הָרַגְלַיִם (hair of private parts): Isaiah 7:20

2. Plural meaning times

In the phrase שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים (three times):

• Exodus 23:14 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 22:28, 32–33 (Jehovist Source)

¹ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Synt. § 14).

² Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW xvi, 1896, 76).

³ Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb 368).

⁴ Dillmann, Lexicon linguae Aethiopicae (Di 347).

⁵ Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik (Nö M 102).

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: πόδασ ποδῶν πόδεσ ποσὶν πόδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7272:

πόδασ 61× (22.3%)

ποδῶν 39× (14.5%)

πόδεσ 22× (7.9%)

ποσὶν 20× (6.9%)

πόδα 19× (6.8%)

ποὺσ 12× (4.7%)

ποδὸσ 8× (3.0%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (2.2%)

--- 6× (2.6%)

ποσίν 5× (1.8%)

תשתינהס תִּשְׁתֶּינָה׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שתה

shâthâh

Definition

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively); [idiom] assuredly, banquet, [idiom] certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk ([idiom] -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of שקה.)

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8354

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

to drink (participle, future, perfect conjugations mentioned).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

I. Properly to swallow, to suck in, to draw in moisture, and so to drink (applied to men and beasts). Metaphor: to revel, to banquet.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

I. Denotes properly to extend, spread out a carpet, couch, for a feast. Nif. נִשְׁתָּה to be drunk, of liquor (Lev. 11, 34).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

II. (not used) trans. same as שָׁתַח II. to spin, to weave, to mix, to twist.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Root שית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

III. (not used) trans. same as שִׁית I. to set, to erect, to place, to set up, of columns, pillars; modern Hebrew of bases, hence שִׁתָּה a base. Syr. foundation, root, basis, metaphor. buttock.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

1. to drink (Job 15:16, Prov. 26:6, Am. 6:6). 2. to sit at table, to banquet (Est. 7:1). Includes passive and Niph. forms.

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

to drink (Dan. 5:1, 2, 23). Also written שְׁתָא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8354

I. שָׁתָה (approximate number of occurrences: 217) verb — drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian šatû
• Ethiopic ሰተየ
• Old Aramaic שתה
• Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי
• Sabean שתי¹

Qal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁתָה Exodus 34:28 +, 1 singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 Samuel 1:15 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Genesis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 Kings 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתּ Genesis 9:21 +; jussive וְיֵשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:18; 3 feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתּ Numbers 20:11; 2 masculine singular with apocope תֵּשְׁתּ Judges 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:22; 1 singular וָאֵשְׁתּ Genesis 24:46; 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psalm 78:44, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁתֵה Genesis 24:14 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁתֹה Isaiah 21:5; Jeremiah 49:12 (in 1 Samuel 1:9 anomalous³), שָׁתוֺ Jeremiah 25:28 +, שָׁתוֺת Isaiah 22:13; construct שְׁתוֺ Proverbs 31:4, שְׁתוֺת Jeremiah 35:8, 14, לִשְׁתֹּת Genesis 24:19 +, suffix שְׁתוֺתוֺ 1 Kings 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֺתָהּ Isaiah 51:22 etc.; Participle active שֹׁתֶה Isaiah 29:8 +, feminine שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of man: drink water, wine, etc.

• Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 15:24 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 30:12
• Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11
• Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 62:8–9
• milk Ezekiel 25:4; Songs 5:1
• blood 1 Chronicles 11:19 (figurative of water gained by hazard)
• figurative חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of Yahweh] my spirit drinks up
• accusative + מִן of source Exodus 7:18 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 7:21 (Elohist Source), Exodus 15:23 (Jehovist Source), Proverbs 5:15 (figurative)
• with בְּ of vessel Amos 6:6, compare Genesis 44:5; Proverbs 9:5

b. Participle as substantive

• שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14, 16
• שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Joel 1:5
• שׁוֺתֵי שֵׁכָר Psalm 69:13

c. Partitive with מִן

• Genesis 9:21
• Exodus 7:24
• Ruth 2:9
• figurative Jeremiah 51:7

d. Drink in sacrificial feast

• Deuteronomy 32:38 (poem)
• blood of sacrificial victim Psalm 50:13 (figurative of Yahweh)

e. Subject animals

• Numbers 20:19
• Jonah 3:7
• figurative Ezekiel 34:18, 19
• Genesis 24:19, 22; Genesis 30:38

f. Figurative of drinking cup of Yahweh's wrath

• אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17, 22
• Ezekiel 23:32, 34
• Jeremiah 25:16, 26, 27
• Habakkuk 2:16
• Obadiah 1:16
• מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Job 21:20

g. Drink blood, figurative of slaughter

• Numbers 23:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source; of lion, metaphor of Israel)
• Zechariah 9:15 (reading דָּמָם for הָמוּ)
• Ezekiel 39:17, 18, 19

h. Figurative of wicked deeds

• יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Proverbs 4:17
• Job 15:16; Job 34:7
• Proverbs 26:6 (apparently = suffers violence)

2. Late usage

= feast:

• Esther 3:15
• Esther 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה)

Niphal

Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Leviticus 11:34 (Priests' Code) all which is (may be) drunk, with בְּ of vessel.

— נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Proverbs 27:15 see I. שׁוה. For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.

¹ DHM (D.H. Müller) ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403; Hom (F. Hommel) Chr 124.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Gesenius § 113e; omitted by ᵐ5 (Septuagint), Th (Thenius), We (Wellhausen), Dr (S.R. Driver).

⁴ Gesenius § 75n.

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine plural

LXX: πιεῖν ἔπιον πίονται ἔπιεν πίεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H8354:

πιεῖν 34× (14.4%)

ἔπιον 19× (8.1%)

πίονται 12× (5.3%)

ἔπιεν 12× (4.9%)

πίεται 11× (4.8%)

πίεσαι 9× (4.1%)

πίνοντεσ 9× (3.6%)

πίεσθε 8× (3.4%)

πίνων 8× (3.7%)

πίε 7× (3.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And my sheep will feed of the trodden down of your feet; and they will drink of the treading of your feet.

LITV Translation:
And My sheep, what your feet have trampled, they must feed on, and they drink what your feet have fouled.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
So my sheep fed on that which ye had trampled with your feet; and they drank the water that had been disturbed by your feet.