Ezekiel 33:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ובשוב וּבְשׁוּב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

רשע רָשָׁע

a wicked criminal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רשע

râshâʻ

Definition

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

Root

from H7561 (רשע);

Exhaustive

from רשע; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person; [phrase] condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7563

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶשַׁע

noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

Unrighteousness, bad actions, what is unrighteously acquired, injustice, lies, deceit, sinfulness.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשַׁע

intransitive verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

To make a wilful mistake, to sin, to be godless, to be held as guilty, to be mischievous, to act wickedly, to apostatise.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשַׁע

unknown • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

The Aram. רְשַׁף means to stir up, to excite. But, in opposition to צָדַק, it is better to adopt as the fundamental signification to be dispersed, slack, wavering, and so to be oblique, crooked.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשָׁע

adjective / masculine • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

I. Godless, sinful.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשָׁע

masculine noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

II. An unrighteous, guilty, dishonest one; a guilty one; an evil-doer, a sinner, a godless person; an oppressor, an injurious man; opposite צַדִּיק or נָקִי; also an enemy.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7563

I. רָשָׁע (approximate number of occurrences: 263) adjective — wicked, criminal.

— רָשָׁע absolute Genesis 18:23 +; plural רְשָׁעִים Isaiah 13:11 +; construct רִשְׁעֵי Psalm 75:9 3t; feminine singular רְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18 (strike out Cornill⁴), Ezekiel 3:19 (רָשָׁע Cornill⁴); —

1. Usually as substantive

One guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opposed to צַדִּיק:

• רָשָׁע Exodus 2:13; Exodus 23:1 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 25:2; Proverbs 17:23; Proverbs 18:5; Proverbs 25:5; Job 9:22, 24
• collective Genesis 18:23, 25 (twice in verse) (Jehovist Source), Micah 6:10; Proverbs 3:33; Proverbs 28:4
• רְשָׁעִים 1 Samuel 24:14; Jeremiah 5:26; Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 20:26; Proverbs 29:12
• אַנְשִׁים רְשָׁעִים 2 Samuel 4:11 (murderers)
• רָשָׁע לָמוּת Numbers 35:31 (Priests' Code / Narrative) guilty of death
• מוֺשֵׁל רָשָׁע Proverbs 28:15, compare Proverbs 29:2
• הִצְדִּיק רָשָׁע Exodus 23:7 (Elohist Source), Isaiah 5:23; Proverbs 17:15
• הִרְשִׁיעַ רָשָׁע Deuteronomy 25:1; 1 Kings 8:32 = הֵשִׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2 Chronicles 6:23
• אָמַר לְרָשָׁע צַדִּיק Proverbs 24:24

2. Guilty of hostility to God or his people

wicked enemies:

• רָשָׁע singular Psalm 17:13 6t Psalms; Isaiah 26:10
• collective Psalm 9:6; Psalm 9:17; Psalm 10:2 6t Psalms; Isaiah 11:4; Habakkuk 3:13
• רְשָׁעִים Psalm 3:8; Psalm 7:10; Psalm 9:18 5t Psalms; Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:20–21; Jeremiah 25:31; Ezekiel 21:34; Malachi 3:21 (+ other cases; often hard to decide)
• specifically of Pharaoh Exodus 9:27 (Jehovist Source), Babylon Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 14:5, Chaldeans Habakkuk 1:4, 13
• parallel שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2 Chronicles 19:2

3. Guilty of sin, against either God or man

wicked:

• הָאֲנָשִׁים הָרְשָׁעִים Numbers 16:26 (Jehovist Source, rebellious Korahites), Malachi 3:18 (not serving י׳), opposed to צַדִּיק
• singular individual Ezekiel 3:18 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 21:30; Ezekiel 33:8 (twice in verse); Psalm 11:5; Psalm 32:10; Proverbs 9:7 +
• collective Isaiah 3:11; Job 34:18; Job 36:6, 17
• plural רְשָׁעִים Isaiah 53:9; Jeremiah 23:19 = Jeremiah 30:23, Zephaniah 1:3; Psalm 26:5; Proverbs 10:3; Ecclesiastes 8:10 +
• parallel חֲסִידִים 1 Samuel 2:9 (Poem), Psalm 12:9; Psalm 50:16; Psalm 97:10; Psalm 145:20
• parallel עֹזְבֵי תוֺדָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 119:53; compare verse 61, +
• אָדָם רָשָׁע Proverbs 11:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13
• אִישׁ רָשָׁע Proverbs 21:29
• מַלְאָךְ רָשָׁע Proverbs 13:17
• זֶרַע רְשָׁעִים Psalm 37:28
• עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים Psalm 1:1; Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18
• דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים Jeremiah 12:1; Psalm 1:6; Psalm 146:9; Proverbs 4:19; Proverbs 12:26
• דֶּרֶךְ רָשָׁע Proverbs 15:9
• מִדַּרְכּוֺ הָרְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18, 19 (but see Cornill⁴)
• רִשְׁעֵי (הָ)אָרֶץ Psalm 75:9; Psalm 101:8; Psalm 119:119; Ezekiel 7:21 (ᵐ5 Cornill⁴ עָרִיצֵי)

— is rare before exile; chiefly Ezekiel Psalms Wisdom Literature.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, author of critical commentaries on Ezekiel, etc.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἀσεβῶν ἀσεβεῖσ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀσεβοῦσ ἀσεβὴσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7563:

ἀσεβῶν 56× (21.2%)

ἀσεβεῖσ 23× (8.3%)

ἁμαρτωλῶν 20× (7.7%)

ἀσεβοῦσ 18× (7.0%)

ἀσεβὴσ 14× (5.0%)

ἀσεβῆ 13× (4.6%)

ἁμαρτωλοὶ 9× (3.2%)

ἁμαρτωλῷ 8× (2.6%)

ἁμαρτωλοῦ 8× (3.0%)

ἁμαρτωλοὺσ 7× (2.5%)

מרשעתו מֵרִשְׁעָתוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רשעה

rishʻâh

Definition

wrong (especially moral)

Root

feminine of H7562 (רשע);

Exhaustive

feminine of רשע; wrong (especially moral); fault, wickedly(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7564

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רִשְׁעָה

feminine noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

Same as רֶשַׁע: wickedness, an evil mind; lies, deceit; a wicked deed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רִשְׁעָה

f. verbal dec. x. • Root רשע • Page 631

1. guilt (Deut. 25:2). 2. wickedness (Is. 9:17, Mal. 3:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7564

I. רִשְׁעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 15) noun feminine — wickedness.

— רִשְׁעָה absolute Isaiah 9:17 +; construct רִשְׁעַת Deuteronomy 9:4 +; suffix רִשְׁעָתוֹ Deuteronomy 25:2 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Wickedness in civil relations

• Deuteronomy 25:2
• Proverbs 13:3
• Isaiah 9:17
• בְּרִשׁעָתוֹ יפל רָשָׁע Proverbs 11:5

b. Wickedness of enemies

• גְּבוּל רִשְׁעָה Malachi 1:4 (Edom)
• זאת הַרִשְׁעָה Zechariah 5:8 (personification)
• לְרִשְׁעָה Ezekiel 5:6 (strike out Co¹)
• רִשְׁעַת הַגּוֹיִם Deuteronomy 9:4–5

c. Wickedness, ethical and religious

• עשׂה רִשְׁעָה Malachi 3:15; Malachi 3:19
• שׁוּב מֵרִשׁעָתוֹ Ezekiel 18:27; Ezekiel 33:19
• רִשְׁעַת (הָ)רָשָׁע Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12

¹ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

Prep-M, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀνομία ἀνομίασ ἀσέβειαν ἄνομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7564:

ἀνομία 3× (22.3%)

ἀνομίασ 3× (21.0%)

ἀσέβειαν 3× (18.3%)

ἄνομα 2× (17.5%)

ועשה וְעָשָׂה

and he made

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

משפט מִשְׁפָּט

judgement

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפט

mishpâṭ

Definition

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

Root

from H8199 (שפט);

Exhaustive

from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4941

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

masculine noun • Root שפט • Strongs / High • Page 924

A multi-faceted term meaning: a cause or suit; a sentence or decision of a judge; a legal precept or rule; guilt or crime; a right, law, or custom; what belongs to someone (e.g., wages, privilege); usage, manner, or condition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Page 417

5. a right, privilege; e.g. מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה the right of redemption, Jer. 32:7; מִשְׁפַּט הַמֶּלֶךְ the right or prerogative of the king, 1 Sam. 8:9, 11. Particularly what belongs to any one by law, Deut. 18:3; מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים what belongs to the priests, i. e. their due, 1 Sam. 2:13. 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. צֶדֶק. Deut. 32:4. 7. a law, i. q. חֹק. Ex. 21:1. 24:3; particularly a divine law, Lev. 18:4, 5, 26. 8. a custom, usage. 1 K. 18:28. 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26:30. 2 K. 1:7. Judg. 13:12.

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Root שפט • Page 416

1. judgment, the act of judging. Lev. 19: 15. 2. a judgment, judicial decision. 1 K. 3: 28. 3. guilt, liability to punishment. Ezek. 7: 23. 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num. 27: 5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4941

I. מִשְׁפָּט (approximate number of occurrences: 422) noun masculine^{Genesis 40:13} — judgment.

— מִשְׁפָּט absolute Exodus 21:31 (203 times), + לְשְִׁ֯מָּט Ezekiel 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁמֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁמַּט Exodus 23:6 (50 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטִי Isaiah 40:27 +; מִשְׁמָּטָם Jeremiah 49:12 +; מִשְׁמָּטָן Numbers 27:5; plural מִשְׁמָּטִים Jeremiah 4:12 (34 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 33:10 + etc.

1. Judgment

a. Act of deciding a case

• מִשְׁפָּט belongeth to God Deuteronomy 1:17, is from him Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26
• אֱלֹהֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּט Malachi 2:17
• חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so Exodus 28:29; Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code); worn on heart of Aaron Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code)
• (+ צֶדֶק) Deuteronomy 16:18
• הֵבִין מִשְׁפָּט Job 32:9
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28; עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28
• דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9; 2 Chronicles 19:6
• רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6
• בְּמִשְׁפָּט Leviticus 19:15, 35 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:10; Proverbs 24:23
• בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Numbers 27:21 (Priests' Code)
• לַמִּשְׁפָּט Numbers 35:12; Joshua 20:6 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 17:8; Judges 4:5; 2 Samuel 15:2, 6; 2 Chronicles 19:8; Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 41:1; Isaiah 54:17; Isaiah 59:11; Habakkuk 1:12; Malachi 3:5; Psalm 9:8; Psalm 35:23; Psalm 76:10; Psalm 122:5; Job 9:19

b. Place, court seat of judgment

• Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 7:7
• Isaiah 28:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:16

c. Process, procedure, litigation before judges

• הֵבִיא בַמִּשְׁפָּט Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14
• בָּא בַמִּשְׁפָּט (+ עִם) Isaiah 3:14; Job 22:4; (+ אֶת) Psalm 143:2; (+ יַחְדָּו) Job 9:32
• עָמַד בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23; compare Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 112:5
• plural דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים (+ אֶת) litigate with Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:9
• singular מִשְׁפָּט in parallel 2 Kings 25:6 (by error)

d. Case or cause presented for judgment

• בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 50:8
• עָרַךְ מִשְׁפָּט Job 13:18; Job 23:4
• שָׁמַע מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:11
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט Lamentations 3:59; compare Numbers 27:5 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 15:4

e. Sentence, decision of judgment

• כֵּן מִשְׁפָּטֶךָ 1 Kings 20:40 thus is thy sentence
• עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5–6 time and sentence
• עַל מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:11 according to the sentence
• מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:22; Jeremiah 26:11, 16
• מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים Ezekiel 7:23; compare Habakkuk 1:4; Psalm 7:7; Psalm 17:2; Ezekiel 23:45
• plural מִשְׁפְּטֵי נְאֻפוֹת Ezekiel 16:68
• Hosea 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7

f. Execution of judgment

• In general, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט (+ בֵּין) Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8; compare Deuteronomy 32:41; Zephaniah 3:8
• (+ בְּ) against Psalm 119:84; Psalm 149:9; בְּ omitted Psalm 9:17; Ezekiel 39:21
• בָּא אֶל מִשְׁפָּט Jeremiah 48:21; בְּרוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 4:4; מִשְׁפַּט מוֹאָב Jeremiah 48:47; compare Isaiah 53:8; Jeremiah 51:9; Hosea 5:1, 11; Hosea 10:4; Job 36:17
• plural Isaiah 26:8–9; Ezekiel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalm 10:5
• In favour of: עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּטִי Micah 7:9; Psalm 9:5; מִשְׁפָּט לַעֲשׁוּקִים Psalm 146:7; דִּין מִשְׁפָּט וְהִצִּיל Jeremiah 21:12; compare Zechariah 7:9; Zechariah 8:16
• plural Psalm 48:12 = Psalm 97:8; 1 Chronicles 16:12, 14

g. Time of judgment

• לֹא יָקֻמוּ בַמִּשְׁפָּט Psalm 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection)

2. Attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude

a. Of God

• אֱלֹהֵי מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 30:18
• הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט Genesis 18:25 (Jehovist Source); compare Job 40:8; Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 111:7
• He loves it: Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 99:4
• (+ צֶדֶק) Hosea 2:21; Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2
• Will not pervert it: Job 8:3; Job 34:12; compare Job 37:23
• כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶךָ Psalm 119:149 (parallel חַסְדֶּךָ)
• מִשְׁפָּטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה Psalm 36:7

b. Of man

• אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 106:3 (parallel צְדָקָה)
• Tongue of the wise speaketh מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 37:30; thoughts Proverbs 12:5
• Put on מִשְׁפָּט as robe Job 29:14; chosen Job 34:4
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט: required by God Micah 6:8; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 61:8
• Joy of the righteous Proverbs 21:15; rulers should know it Micah 3:1; Proverbs 29:4
• Wicked ruler שֹׂנֵא מִשְׁפָּט Job 34:17; abhors it Micah 3:9; compare Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 21:7; Proverbs 28:5

3. Ordinance

Promulgated by שֹׁפֵט:

• Law of king: 1 Samuel 8:9, 11; 1 Samuel 10:25
• Levitical ordinances: Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:16 (13 times in Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 15:13; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Nehemiah 8:18
• חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 30:25; compare Psalm 81:5
• חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• Divine law in general: מִשְׁפַּט יהוה Jeremiah 8:7; מִשְׁפַּט אֱלֹהִים Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 5:4, 5 (parallel דֶּרֶךְ); compare Psalm 25:9
• Parallel תּוֹרָה: Isaiah 42:4; Isaiah 51:4; Ezra 7:10; compare Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 119:43; Psalm 119:160
• Plural of particular ordinances: Deuteronomy 33:10, 21; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 44:24; Psalm 19:10; Psalm 119:7 (16 times); Psalm 147:20

4. Decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law

(See Briggs¹):

• Singular of particular decision: Exodus 21:31 (Elohist Source)
• Plural of series of decisions: Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3 (Jehovist-Elohist); Deuteronomy 7:12
• In combination, חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים: Deuteronomy 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in Holiness Code and after, חֻקּוֹת וּמִשְׁפָּטִים Leviticus 18:4, 5, 26; Leviticus 19:37 +
• Other combinations, redactional and later: Leviticus 26:46; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 30:16; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 33:8; Nehemiah 9:13; Psalm 18:23; Psalm 89:31; Psalm 147:19

5. One's (legal) right, privilege, due

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים Deuteronomy 18:3 due of the priests
• מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכֹרָה Deuteronomy 21:17
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה Jeremiah 32:7 right of redemption; מִשְׁפַּט הַיְרֻשָּׁה Jeremiah 32:8
• הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source) wrest right, so Deuteronomy 16:19; 24:17; 27:19; 1 Samuel 8:3; Lamentations 3:35; Proverbs 18:5
• מִשְׁפַּט יְתוֹם Deuteronomy 10:18; מִשְׁפַּט אֶבְיוֹן Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 5:28; Psalm 140:13
• מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 10:2; Job 36:6
• הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִי Job 27:2; Job 34:5; compare Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 49:4

6. Fitting measure, custom, plan

a. Proper, fitting, measure

• 1 Kings 5:8
• Fitness in nature: Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14 (compare Dillmann²)

b. Custom, manner

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 Samuel 2:13 custom of the priests (or rightful due, according to Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver)
• מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 1 Samuel 27:11 his (David's) custom
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגּוֹיִם 2 Kings 17:33 manner of the nations; compare 2 Kings 17:26–27
• כְּמִשְׁפָּט after the manner, fashion: Genesis 40:13; Exodus 21:9 (Elohist Source); Judges 18:7; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Ezekiel 42:11; Psalm 119:132

c. "What manner of"

• מַה־מִּשְׁפַּט Judges 13:12 what manner of a boy; compare 2 Kings 1:7

d. Plan

• Of the tabernacle: Exodus 26:30 (Priests' Code)
• Temple: 1 Kings 6:38
• Palace: Jeremiah 30:18

¹ C. A. Briggs, Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch, 252 sq.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Isaiah.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: κρίμα κρίσιν κρίματα κρίσει κρίσισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4941:

κρίμα 87× (21.4%)

κρίσιν 68× (16.7%)

κρίματα 41× (9.1%)

κρίσει 20× (4.6%)

κρίσισ 19× (4.6%)

κρίματά 16× (3.4%)

κρίσεωσ 14× (3.5%)

δικαίωμα 14× (3.1%)

δικαιώματά 13× (2.7%)

κρίσεισ 10× (2.2%)

וצדקה וּצְדָקָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צדקה

tsᵉdâqâh

Definition

rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity); justice, moderately, right(-eous) (act, -ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6666

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

Beneficence, alms.

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

1. Power, mighty deed, of God or generals; supremacy, victory, might; omnipotence; metaphor. applied to things, fulness, copiousness. 2. Right, justice, in a state; security, certainty; claim, to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צְדָקָה

f. verbal • Root צדק • Page 563

Entry commences at bottom of page; derived from צָדַק.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6666

I. צְדָקָה (approximate number of occurrences: 157) noun feminine — righteousness.

— צְדָקָה absolute Genesis 15:6 + 81 times; construct צִדְקַת Deuteronomy 33:21 + 5 times; suffix צִדְקָתִי Genesis 30:33 + etc.; plural צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15 + 3 times; construct צִדְקוֹת Judges 5:11 +; suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Daniel 9:16, etc.

1. Righteousness in government

a. Of judge, ruler, king

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Isaiah 5:7; Isaiah 9:6; Amos 5:7; Amos 6:12
• מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה 2 Samuel 8:15, עָשָׂה David executed justice and righteousness = 1 Chronicles 18:14
• (compare 1 Kings 10:9; 2 Chronicles 9:8; Jeremiah 22:3, 15; Jeremiah 33:15; Ezekiel 45:9)
• יִכּוֹן כִּסֵּא בִּצְדָקָה Proverbs 16:12, compare Isaiah 54:14
• עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה, מַעֲשֵׂה הַצְּדָקָה Isaiah 32:17, compare v 16
• נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צְדָקָה Isaiah 60:17

b. Of law

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּטִים) צִדְקַת יְהוָה Deuteronomy 33:21

c. Of Davidic king, Messiah

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Psalm 72:1; Psalm 72:3; Isaiah 9:6; Jeremiah 23:5; Jeremiah 33:15

2. God's attribute as sovereign

Psalm 36:7; Psalm 71:19; in government, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Psalm 99:4; Jeremiah 9:23; administering justice Job 37:28; punishment Isaiah 1:27; Isaiah 5:16; Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 28:17; Daniel 9:7; vindication of his people Micah 7:9.

3. Righteousness in a case or cause

• בְּצִדְקָתִי הֶחֱזַקְתִּי Job 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast
• מַה־יֶּשׁ־לִי עוֹד צְדָקָה 2 Samuel 19:29 what right have I yet?
• Of God's judgments: הִגִּיד צְדָקָה Isaiah 57:12 (ironical)
• הֵשִׁיב צְדָקָה 1 Samuel 26:23; Job 33:26
• כְּצִדְקָה, הֵשִׁיב 2 Samuel 22:25, גָּמַל 2 Samuel 22:21, נָתַן 1 Kings 8:52, 2 Chronicles 6:23

4. Righteousness = truthfulness

• בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה Isaiah 48:1; Zechariah 8:8
• In word Isaiah 45:28; Isaiah 63:1, oath Jeremiah 4:2

5. Righteousness as ethically right

• Genesis 30:33 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 6:25; Isaiah 33:5; Isaiah 41:18; Ezekiel 14:14, 20; Proverbs 10:2; Proverbs 11:4, 5, 18, 19 + 17 times
• צִדְקַת הַצַּדִּיק Isaiah 5:23; Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12; צִדְקַת יְשָׁרִים Proverbs 11:6
• אֹרַח צְדָקָה Proverbs 8:20; Proverbs 12:28; דֶּרֶךְ צְדָקָה Proverbs 16:31
• עָשָׂה צְדָקָה do righteousness Psalm 106:3; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 18:22
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Ezekiel 18:5 + 6 times Ezekiel; Genesis 18:10 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 21:8
• רָדַף צְדָקָה Proverbs 15:9; Proverbs 21:21; הָלַךְ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה 1 Kings 3:6
• חָשַׁב לוֹ צְדָקָה Genesis 15:6 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) imputed to him (for) righteousness, Psalm 106:31
• צְדָקָה וָחֶסֶד Proverbs 21:21 (twice in verse)

6. Righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation

(compare צֶדֶק 6)

a. Of God

• (parallel יָשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה) Isaiah 45:8; Isaiah 46:13; Isaiah 51:6 + 7 times Deutero-Isaiah
• (parallel בְּרָכָה) Psalm 24:6; (parallel נַחֲלָה) Isaiah 54:17; (parallel חֶסֶד) Psalm 36:11; Psalm 103:17
• שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה Malachi 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing)
• בִּצְדָקָה: Jehovah delivers, guides, exalts his people Psalm 5:9; Psalm 31:2; Psalm 71:2; Psalm 89:17; Psalm 119:40; Psalm 143:1, 11; אַל־יָבֹאוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶךָ Psalm 69:28 (of wicked)

As accusative after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness:

• Psalm 22:32; Psalm 40:11; Psalm 51:16; Psalm 71:15, 16, 24; Psalm 98:2; Psalm 145:7
• Also יִוָּדַע צְדָקָה Psalm 88:13; עֹמֶדֶת צְדָקָה לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever Psalm 111:3; compare Psalm 119:142

b. Of people

• = prosperity (parallel הוֹן, עֹשֶׁר) Proverbs 8:18
• מוֹרֶה לִצְדָקָה early rain for prosperity Joel 2:23

7. Plural: Righteous acts

a. Of God

• Judges 5:11 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 12:7; Micah 6:5
• Vindication of right Psalm 103:6; redemptive Isaiah 45:24; Daniel 9:16

b. Of man's moral conduct

• Isaiah 64:5; Jeremiah 51:10; also probably Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:13 (Kethibh singular); Psalm 11:7 (? gloss); Daniel 9:18
• As adverbial accusative: הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: δικαιοσύνην δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνῃ δικαιοσύνησ δικαιοσύνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6666:

δικαιοσύνην 49× (31.5%)

δικαιοσύνη 32× (20.3%)

δικαιοσύνῃ 24× (13.7%)

δικαιοσύνησ 14× (9.0%)

δικαιοσύνασ 4× (2.3%)

δικαιοσύναι 3× (1.9%)

ἐλεημοσύνη 3× (1.9%)

'' 3× (1.9%)

pἐν 2× (1.5%)

--- 2× (1.5%)

עליהם עֲלֵיהֶם

upon themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

הוא הוּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

יחיה יִחְיֶה׃

he is living

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חיה

châyâh

Definition

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

Root

a primitive root (compare H2331 (חוה), H2421 (חיה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חוה, חיה); to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive; keep (leave, make) alive, [idiom] certainly, give (promise) life, (let, suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken, recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, ([idiom] God) save (alive, life, lives), [idiom] surely, be whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 479

To live, in the widest sense; to breathe, to blow; to continue to live; to revive or live again, from death or sickness; to recover; to live well or happily.

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 480

to live, especially in the Pentateuch.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַיֶה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

lively, strong, vigorous (Ex. 1:19).

חַיָּה

f. const. חַיַּת • Root חי • Page 225

1. living, hence a living soul, an animal (Gen. 37:20, 33). Often collectively: every animal (Gen. 7:14), the beasts of the field (Gen. 1:24, 25). 2. life (Job 33:18, 22, 28, Ps. 143:3). 3. i.q. נֶפֶשׁ desire, hunger (Job 33:20, 38:19). 4. i.q. חָוָה a band or company of men (2 Sam. 23:11, 13).

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

1. to live, often to be in good health (Deut. 8:1). 2. to continue alive (Num. 14:38). 3. to come to life again, to revive (Ezek. 37:5, 1 K. 17:22, Gen. 45:27). 4. to be restored to health (Gen. 20:7). Includes Pi. (to make alive) and Hiph. (to restore to life).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2421

I. חָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 283) verb — live.

Cognates:

• Phoenician חוא
• Late Hebrew חָיָה
• Arabic حيي, حي
• Sabean חיו¹
• Ethiopic ሐይወ
• Aramaic חֲיָא
• Palmyrene חיי²

— חָיָה Qal₂₀₃ Perfect חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 (4 times); יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9, Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 (23 times) (this and the following form are treated as עע֞, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either לה֞ or עע֞, GKC³ § 76 (2) g); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Bö⁴ § 1181); 3 feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13, Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö⁴ § 1123 (3), Samaritan חיתה); 2 masculine singular חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3 masculine plural חָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consecutive Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi`el וְחִיּוּ Sta⁵ so ᵐ5); וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 (2 times); Imperfect יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 (27 times); יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 (10 times); וִיחִי Psalm 49:10 (2 times); וְיֶחִ֑י Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 (37 times); וַיֶּחִ֑י Deuteronomy 4:33 (4 times); 3 feminine singular תִּחְיֶה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 (5 times); 2 masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 (7 times); 2 feminine singular תִּחְיִי 2 Kings 4:7; 1 singular אֶחְיֶה 2 Kings 1:2 (8 times); 3 masculine plural יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 (8 times); 3 feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19, Ezekiel 37:3; 2 masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 (2 times); תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:30, Deuteronomy 8:1; 1 plural נִחְיֶה 2 Kings 7:4 (7 times); Imperative וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7, Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; feminine singular חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6 (twice in verse); masculine plural וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 (7 times); Infinitive absolute חָיֹה 2 Kings 8:10 (6 times); חָיוֺ Ezekiel 3:21 (3 times); construct לִחְיוֺת Ezekiel 33:12; suffix חֲיוֺתָם Joshua 5:8.

1. Qal — live

1. have life
   • Genesis 31:32 (Elohist Source)
   • Exodus 33:20 (Jehovist Source)
   • Numbers 4:19 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
   • Deuteronomy 30:16 +
   • In phrase וַיְחִי (and he lived) with accusative of time: Genesis 5:3–30 (16 times), Genesis 9:28, Genesis 11:11–26 (14 times), Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22 (E), 2 Kings 14:17, 2 Chronicles 25:25, Job 42:16
2. continue in life, remain alive
   • Genesis 20:7 (E), Leviticus 25:36, 2 Samuel 12:22 +
   • Also ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self: Genesis 12:13, Genesis 19:20 (J), 1 Kings 20:32, Psalm 119:175, Jeremiah 38:2, 17, 20, Isaiah 55:3
   • וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד (and the boy may live): 2 Samuel 12:22
   • ח׳ לפני (live in the presence of): Genesis 17:18 (P), Hosea 6:2
   • ח׳ ב׳ (live among): Lamentations 4:20
3. sustain life, live on or upon
   • Of animal life, by the sword: Genesis 27:40 (J)
   • By bread: Deuteronomy 8:3
   • In pregnant sense of fullness of life: Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 38:16
   • Of wicked man, by repentance: Ezekiel 33:19
   • With בְּ by the statutes of יהוה: Leviticus 18:5 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 21, 25, Nehemiah 9:29
   • צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֺ יִחְיֶה (a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live): Habakkuk 2:4
4. live (prosperously)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך (may the king live): 1 Samuel 10:24, 2 Samuel 16:16, 1 Kings 1:25, 31, 34, 39, 2 Kings 11:12, 2 Chronicles 23:11
   • יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם: Psalm 22:27, Psalm 69:33
   • המלך לעולם יחיה: Nehemiah 2:3

2. Qal — be quickened, revive

1. from sickness
   • Numbers 21:8, 9, Joshua 5:8 (E), 2 Kings 1:2, 2 Kings 8:8, 9, 10, 14, 2 Kings 20:1, 7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21
2. from discouragement / faintness
   • Of the spirit: Genesis 45:27 (E)
   • From faintness: Judges 15:19
3. from death
   • 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:14, Isaiah 26:14, 19
   • By return of נפשׁ: 1 Kings 17:22
   • Of רוּהַ: Ezekiel 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Judges 15:19)

— חִיָּה Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular חִיָּה Psalm 22:30; 3 feminine singular suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalm 119:50; 2 masculine singular suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Psalm 30:4, חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalm 119:93; 3 plural חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; Imperfect יְחַיֶּה 1 Samuel 27:9 +; Imperative suffix חַיֵּנִי Psalm 119:25 (8 times), חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; Infinitive construct חַיּוֺת Genesis 7:3, Ezekiel 13:19; suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +; Participle מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6, 1 Samuel 2:6.

3. Pi`el — preserve alive, revive

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Exodus 1:17, 18, 22, Exodus 22:17, Joshua 9:15 (JE), Genesis 12:12 (J), Numbers 31:15 (P), Deuteronomy 6:24, Deuteronomy 20:16, Judges 21:14, 1 Samuel 27:9, 11, 1 Kings 18:5, 2 Kings 7:4, Jeremiah 49:11, Ezekiel 3:18, Habakkuk 3:2, Job 36:6, Psalm 30:4, Psalm 33:19, Psalm 41:3, Psalm 138:7
   • ח׳ נפשׁ (preserve oneself alive): Psalm 22:30, Ezekiel 18:27
   • ח׳ זרע (preserve seed alive): Genesis 7:3, Genesis 19:32, 34 (J)
   • Keep in existence: Nehemiah 9:6
   • Nourish: Isaiah 7:21, 2 Samuel 12:3
2. give life
   • To man when created: Job 33:4
3. quicken, revive, refresh
   • Restore to life the dead: 1 Samuel 2:6, Deuteronomy 32:39, Hosea 6:2, Psalm 71:20
   • Cause to grow: Hosea 14:8
   • Restore a ruined city / stones: 1 Chronicles 11:8, Nehemiah 3:34
   • Revive the people of יהוה: Psalm 80:19, Psalm 85:7, Psalm 119:37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159, Psalm 143:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12

— הֶחֱיָה Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 (5 times); 2 masculine singular suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1 singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33; הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13, Judges 8:19; Imperative suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; Infinitive absolute הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֺת Genesis 6:20 (6 times), הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19, Genesis 50:20; suffix הַחֲיֹתוֺ Ezekiel 13:22.

4. Hiph`il — preserve alive / quicken

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Genesis 45:7, Genesis 50:20 (E), Genesis 47:25, Numbers 22:33, Joshua 2:13, Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10 (D), Genesis 6:19, 20, Numbers 31:18, Joshua 9:20 (P), Judges 8:19, 2 Samuel 8:2, Ezekiel 13:22
   • With נפשׁ: Genesis 19:19 (J)
2. quicken, revive
   • Restore to health: 2 Kings 5:7, Isaiah 38:16
   • Revive the לֵב and רוּחַ: Isaiah 57:15 (twice in verse)
   • Restore to life the dead: 2 Kings 8:1, 5 (3 times in verse)

¹ Mordtmann, J. H., "Himjarische Inschriften und Alterthümer," in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1876, p. 28.

² Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques, 1868–77, Nos. 32, 74.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Böttcher, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 1866–68.

⁵ Bernhard Stade, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), i. 1881, p. 22.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ζήσεται ἔζησεν ζήτω ζήσομαι ζωῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2421:

ζήσεται 55× (18.4%)

ἔζησεν 39× (12.3%)

ζήτω 11× (4.0%)

ζήσομαι 10× (3.2%)

ζωῇ 10× (3.6%)

ζῆσόν 9× (3.2%)

ζήσῃ 8× (2.8%)

ζήσεσθε 7× (2.2%)

'' 6× (1.8%)

ζήσονται 6× (2.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And in the turning back of the unjust from his injustice and doing judgment and justice upon them, he shall live.

LITV Translation:
But if the wicked turns from his wickedness, and does justice and righteousness, he shall live by them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And when the sinner turns from his iniquity, and shall do judgment and righteousness, he shall live by them.