Ezekiel 33:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואתה וְאַתָּה

and your eternal self

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אתה

ʼattâh

Definition

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

Root

or (shortened); את; or את; feminine (irregular) sometimes אתי; plural masculine אתם; feminine אתן; or אתנהlemma אתנה missing vowel, corrected to אתנה; or אתנה; a primitive pronoun of the second person;

Exhaustive

or (shortened); את; or את; feminine (irregular) sometimes אתי; plural masculine אתם; feminine אתן; or אתנהlemma אתנה missing vowel, corrected to אתנה; or אתנה; a primitive pronoun of the second person; thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you; thee, thou, ye, you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H859

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלִיאָתָה

noun proper masculine • Root איות • Lemma_Lookup • Page 138

Proper name masculine, 'El is [coming/consent]'.

אַתָּה

pronoun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

Personal pronoun (2nd person) m. thou (you).

אָתָה

verb • Root אתה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 209

To come.

אָתָה

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

(not used) should be assumed for the noun אָתוֹן (she-ass); but according to others אָתַן is the stem.

אָתָה

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

See אֲתָא.

אִתְהַעְבַּד

verb pael • Root עבד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1043

To be made to serve; to be made into; to be done.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַנְתָּה

pronoun • Page 62

thou. Found only in biblical Chaldee.

אֲתָה

chald. v. • Page 82

to come (Dan. 7:22). Aph. הַיְתִי 'to bring' (Dan. 3:13). Pass. היתִי 'be brought' (Dan. 3:13).

אַתָּה

pronoun personal • Page 82

thou (masc.). The Dagesh forte stands for an assimilated Nun. Occurs without final He five times (Eccl. 7:22, Job 1:10, etc.). Comp. fem. אַתְּ, and plur. אַתֶּם, אַתֶּן.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H859

אַתָּה, אָבְתָּה pronoun 2 singular masculine thou (for anta, see above; compare נָתַתָּה for נָתַנְתָּה) Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:19; אַתָּ 1 Samuel 24:19; Psalm 6:4; Job 1:10; Ecclesiastes 7:22; Nehemiah 9:6.

Appended to a verb for emphasis, Exodus 18:19 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 17:56 שְׁאַל אַתָּה inquire thou, 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 22:18; Isaiah 43:26 סַמֵּר אַתָּה.

Added for the purpose of strengthening a Genitive or accusative suffix 1 Kings 21:19; Proverbs 22:19 (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §135.2).

אַתִּי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (feminine), preserved, probably dialectically, 7 times in Ketiv, Judges 17:2; 1 Kings 14:2; 2 Kings 4:16, 2 Kings 4:23; 2 Kings 8:1; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 36:13. (See above as in Syriac, the י may not have been fully sounded: the Masoretes direct אַתְּ to be everywhere read.)

אַתְּ, אָבְתְּ pronoun 2 singular feminine thou (feminine) (shortened from אַתִּי (quod vide); in Syriac the two Genders are written differently, but, the י not being sounded, are pronounced alike: in Arabic both are written אַתְּ or אַנְתְּ) Genesis 12:11, Genesis 12:13; Genesis 24:23; Numbers 11:15; Deuteronomy 5:24; Ezekiel 28:14 used as a masculine (as in Aramaic of Arabic); but probably אַתָּ (see below אַתָּה) should be here read.

אַתֶּם pronoun 2 masculine plural you (masculine) (for antem, see above) Genesis 9:7; Genesis 26:27; Genesis 29:4; הֲאַתֶּם Judges 6:31; following the verb for emphasis Judges 15:12; Jeremiah 34:15; construed inaccurately with a feminine Ezekiel 13:20.

אַתֶּן Ezekiel 34:31 (many editions אַתֶּן), אַתֶּנָּה Genesis 31:6; Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:20 (editions אַתֶּנָּה) Ezekiel 34:17 pronoun 2 feminine plural you (feminine).

I. אָסָה (perhaps compare Arabic شفا heal, Aramaic אֲסָא, Syriac ܐܣܐ).

Cognates:

• Arabic شفا
• Aramaic אֲסָא
• Syriac ܐܣܐ

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Hapax Legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

³ Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (gender).

⁵ Sign of doubt.

⁶ Quod vide (which see).

⁷ Compare.

⁸ Read.

⁹ Editions.

¹⁰ Ketiv (written text).

¹¹ Masoretes (traditional Jewish scholars who added vowel points and accents to the Hebrew Bible).

¹² Gender.

¹³ Used as.

¹⁴ Probably.

¹⁵ Following.

¹⁶ Construal (grammatical construction).

¹⁷ Inaccurately.

¹⁸ Many.

¹⁹ Perhaps.

²⁰ Heal (verb meaning to cure or restore health).

Conjunction, Pronoun personal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0859a:

No stats available

בן בֶן־

builder/son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

אדם אָדָ֗ם

man

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדם

ʼâdâm

Definition

ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Root

from H119 (אדם);

Exhaustive

from אדם; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.); [idiom] another, [phrase] hypocrite, [phrase] common sort, [idiom] low, man (mean, of low degree), person.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H120

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָדָם

noun masculine • Root אדם • Strongs_Numbers • Page 64

Man, or collectively men, mankind; proper name of the first man, Adam.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֻדַּם

verb pual • Root אדם • Page 26

To be red-coloured. Nah. 2:4. Ex. 25:5. 35:7, 23.

אָדָם

m. prim. • Page 26

1. man, i. q. Lat. homo, and collectively men. Subordinate meanings include: (1.) other men, in opposition to those already named (Jer. 32:20; Judg. 18:7, 28; Ps. 73:5); common men (Job 31:33; Hos. 6:7; Ps. 82:7); (2.) men of inferior rank, when opposed to איש. 2. man, i. q. איש = Lat. vir, very rarely (Ecc. 7:28). 3. any one (Lev. 1:2). 4. proper name of the first man. 5. proper name of a city on the Jordan (Josh. 3:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H120

I. אָדָם (approximate number of occurrences: 560) noun masculine Genesis 1:27 — man, mankind.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אדם
• Sabean idem
• Assyrian admu, young (of bird) (Friedrich Delitzsch¹), but Theodor Nöldeke² identification with Arabic رب collective creatures

— אָדָם absolute except construct Proverbs 6:12 (compare Gesenius' Thesaurus³); (בְּנֵי (הָ)אָדָם often = plural of בֶּן אָדָם Genesis 11:5 (39 times), compare בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:4) —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. A man (= human being)

• Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:7 (twice in verse); Genesis 2:8, Genesis 2:15, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:18 +; Genesis 16:12 (27 times, Jehovist Source⁴) Leviticus 5:4 (parallel to נֶמֶשׁ) Leviticus 13:2, Leviticus 13:9 (19 times, Priests' Code / Narrative⁵) Nehemiah 2:10; Isaiah 13:12 (parallel to אֱנוֹשׁ); הַגָּדוֹל בָּהָאָדָם Joshua 14:15 (Elohist Source⁶); בְּלִיַּעַל בָּאָדָם Proverbs 6:12 (parallel to אִישׁ אָוֶן, compare 1 Samuel 25:25 and see בְּלִיַּעַל); = any one Leviticus 1:2; Numbers 9:6, Numbers 9:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Proverbs 15:20; Proverbs 21:16, Proverbs 21:20; Proverbs 24:30; Ecclesiastes 7:20 + often in Wisdom Literature, Jeremiah 2:6; Jeremiah 4:25; Nehemiah 2:12, compare בְּנֶמֶשׁ אָדָם Numbers 19:11, Numbers 19:13 +; seldom man opposed to woman Genesis 2:22 (twice in verse); Genesis 2:23, Genesis 2:25; Genesis 3:8, Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:17, Genesis 3:20, Genesis 3:21; Ecclesiastes 7:28.

b. Collective man, mankind

• Genesis 1:26; Genesis 9:5, Genesis 9:6 (3 times in verse) + (Priests' Code / Narrative 28 times) Genesis 6:1, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 6:6, Genesis 6:7 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source 24 times) Deuteronomy 4:32 (Deuteronomy Source 6 times) (on 2 Samuel 7:19 compare 1 Chronicles 17:17 see Samuel Rolles Driver⁷, Rudolf Smend⁸); distinctly = men + women Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:1; Numbers 5:6; given as name Genesis 5:2; but = warriors Isaiah 22:6 וְרֶכֶב אָדָם (parallel to מְרַשִּׁים); parallel to beasts (41 times) בְּהֵמָה Genesis 6:7; Genesis 7:23 (Jehovist Source ?) Exodus 8:13; Exodus 8:14; Exodus 9:9, Exodus 9:10 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Exodus 9:19, Exodus 9:22, Exodus 9:25; Exodus 12:12; Exodus 13:2, Exodus 13:13, Exodus 13:15 (all Jehovist Source) +; late prophets Jeremiah 21:6; Jeremiah 31:27; Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 51:62; Ezekiel 14:13, Ezekiel 14:17, Ezekiel 14:19, Ezekiel 14:21; Ezekiel 25:13; Ezekiel 29:8, Ezekiel 29:11; Ezekiel 32:13 (strike out Carl Heinrich Cornill⁹) Ezekiel 36:11; Jonah 3:8; Zephaniah 1:3; Haggai 1:11; Zechariah 2:8; Zechariah 8:10; parallel to בָּקָר Ezekiel 4:15; parallel to צֹאן, חֲמֹרִים בָּהֵמָה Numbers 31:28; parallel to idem + מִכָּלָה בְּהֵמָה Numbers 31:30 compare Jonah 3:7; parallel to חַיָּה Genesis 9:5 (Priests' Code / Narrative) compare Ezekiel 1:5, Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:10, Ezekiel 1:26, and description of כְּרוּבִים Ezekiel 10:8, Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 10:21; compare Ezekiel 41:19; parallel to trees Deuteronomy 20:19 (read הָאָדָם see August Dillmann¹⁰); opposed to God 1 Samuel 15:29; 1 Samuel 16:7 (twice in verse); Isaiah 31:3; Ezekiel 28:2, Ezekiel 28:9; 1 Chronicles 21:13; 1 Chronicles 29:1; 2 Chronicles 6:18; Malachi 3:8 compare Exodus 33:20; Deuteronomy 5:21; so בֶּן אָדָם Numbers 23:19 (parallel to אִישׁ) Ezekiel 2:1, Ezekiel 2:3, Ezekiel 2:6, Ezekiel 2:8 (87 times in Ezekiel, always addressed to prophet); בְּנֵי הָאָדָם 1 Samuel 26:19; made in God's image Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:27; Genesis 9:6 compare Ecclesiastes 7:29; as feeble, earthly, mortal Numbers 16:29 (twice in verse); Psalm 82:7; Psalm 144:3; Psalm 144:4; Job 5:7; Job 14:1, Job 14:10; compare Job 25:6 (בֶּן אָדָם) Ecclesiastes 12:5; as sinful 1 Kings 8:46; 2 Chronicles 6:36; Jeremiah 10:14 compare Numbers 5:6; Job 31:33; Hosea 6:7; of men in general, other men (opposed to particular ones) Judges 16:17 (compare אַחַד הָאָדָם Judges 16:7; Judges 16:11) Judges 18:7, Judges 18:28; Psalm 73:5; Jeremiah 32:20 +; parallel to אִישׁ Isaiah 2:9, Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17; Isaiah 5:15 compare Ezekiel 23:42 (strike out Carl Heinrich Cornill, Versions); בְּנֵי אָדָם 2 Samuel 7:14 (parallel to אֲנָשִׁים) Proverbs 8:4 (parallel to אִישִׁים); Psalm 49:3; Psalm 62:10 (both parallel to בְּנֵי אִישׁ) = men of low opposed to men of high degree — so often Phoenician and = vassal Sabean (David Heinrich Müller¹¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 680 compare 686); בְּנֵפֶשׁ אָדָם collective Numbers 31:35, Numbers 31:40, Numbers 31:46; 1 Chronicles 5:21; Ezekiel 27:13.

c. Proper name, masculine Adam, first man

• (without article, compare שָׂטָן 1 Chronicles 21:1 over against הַשָּׂטָן Job 1:6 etc.) Genesis 4:25 (Jehovist Source) Genesis 5:1, Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:4, Genesis 5:5 (Priests' Code / Narrative) 1 Chronicles 1:1. (Genesis 2:20; 1 Chronicles 3:17, 1 Chronicles 3:21 read לֹא see August Dillmann.)

d. Proper name, of a location city in Jordan valley (as built ?)

• Joshua 3:16.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch.

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, 722.

³ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae.

⁴ Jehovist Source (J).

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative (P).

⁶ Elohist Source (E).

⁷ Samuel Rolles Driver.

⁸ Rudolf Smend.

⁹ Carl Heinrich Cornill.

¹⁰ August Dillmann.

¹¹ David Heinrich Müller.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0120:

No stats available

אמר אֱמֹר

he has said

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

בני בְּנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

עמך עַמְּךָ

in company/equally with you

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

צדקת צִדְקַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צדקה

tsᵉdâqâh

Definition

rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity); justice, moderately, right(-eous) (act, -ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6666

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

Beneficence, alms.

צְדָקָה

noun feminine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1217

1. Power, mighty deed, of God or generals; supremacy, victory, might; omnipotence; metaphor. applied to things, fulness, copiousness. 2. Right, justice, in a state; security, certainty; claim, to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צְדָקָה

f. verbal • Root צדק • Page 563

Entry commences at bottom of page; derived from צָדַק.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6666

I. צְדָקָה (approximate number of occurrences: 157) noun feminine — righteousness.

— צְדָקָה absolute Genesis 15:6 + 81 times; construct צִדְקַת Deuteronomy 33:21 + 5 times; suffix צִדְקָתִי Genesis 30:33 + etc.; plural צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15 + 3 times; construct צִדְקוֹת Judges 5:11 +; suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Daniel 9:16, etc.

1. Righteousness in government

a. Of judge, ruler, king

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Isaiah 5:7; Isaiah 9:6; Amos 5:7; Amos 6:12
• מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה 2 Samuel 8:15, עָשָׂה David executed justice and righteousness = 1 Chronicles 18:14
• (compare 1 Kings 10:9; 2 Chronicles 9:8; Jeremiah 22:3, 15; Jeremiah 33:15; Ezekiel 45:9)
• יִכּוֹן כִּסֵּא בִּצְדָקָה Proverbs 16:12, compare Isaiah 54:14
• עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה, מַעֲשֵׂה הַצְּדָקָה Isaiah 32:17, compare v 16
• נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צְדָקָה Isaiah 60:17

b. Of law

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּטִים) צִדְקַת יְהוָה Deuteronomy 33:21

c. Of Davidic king, Messiah

• (parallel מִשְׁפָּט) Psalm 72:1; Psalm 72:3; Isaiah 9:6; Jeremiah 23:5; Jeremiah 33:15

2. God's attribute as sovereign

Psalm 36:7; Psalm 71:19; in government, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Psalm 99:4; Jeremiah 9:23; administering justice Job 37:28; punishment Isaiah 1:27; Isaiah 5:16; Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 28:17; Daniel 9:7; vindication of his people Micah 7:9.

3. Righteousness in a case or cause

• בְּצִדְקָתִי הֶחֱזַקְתִּי Job 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast
• מַה־יֶּשׁ־לִי עוֹד צְדָקָה 2 Samuel 19:29 what right have I yet?
• Of God's judgments: הִגִּיד צְדָקָה Isaiah 57:12 (ironical)
• הֵשִׁיב צְדָקָה 1 Samuel 26:23; Job 33:26
• כְּצִדְקָה, הֵשִׁיב 2 Samuel 22:25, גָּמַל 2 Samuel 22:21, נָתַן 1 Kings 8:52, 2 Chronicles 6:23

4. Righteousness = truthfulness

• בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה Isaiah 48:1; Zechariah 8:8
• In word Isaiah 45:28; Isaiah 63:1, oath Jeremiah 4:2

5. Righteousness as ethically right

• Genesis 30:33 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 6:25; Isaiah 33:5; Isaiah 41:18; Ezekiel 14:14, 20; Proverbs 10:2; Proverbs 11:4, 5, 18, 19 + 17 times
• צִדְקַת הַצַּדִּיק Isaiah 5:23; Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12; צִדְקַת יְשָׁרִים Proverbs 11:6
• אֹרַח צְדָקָה Proverbs 8:20; Proverbs 12:28; דֶּרֶךְ צְדָקָה Proverbs 16:31
• עָשָׂה צְדָקָה do righteousness Psalm 106:3; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 18:22
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה Ezekiel 18:5 + 6 times Ezekiel; Genesis 18:10 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 21:8
• רָדַף צְדָקָה Proverbs 15:9; Proverbs 21:21; הָלַךְ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבִצְדָקָה 1 Kings 3:6
• חָשַׁב לוֹ צְדָקָה Genesis 15:6 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) imputed to him (for) righteousness, Psalm 106:31
• צְדָקָה וָחֶסֶד Proverbs 21:21 (twice in verse)

6. Righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation

(compare צֶדֶק 6)

a. Of God

• (parallel יָשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה) Isaiah 45:8; Isaiah 46:13; Isaiah 51:6 + 7 times Deutero-Isaiah
• (parallel בְּרָכָה) Psalm 24:6; (parallel נַחֲלָה) Isaiah 54:17; (parallel חֶסֶד) Psalm 36:11; Psalm 103:17
• שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה Malachi 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing)
• בִּצְדָקָה: Jehovah delivers, guides, exalts his people Psalm 5:9; Psalm 31:2; Psalm 71:2; Psalm 89:17; Psalm 119:40; Psalm 143:1, 11; אַל־יָבֹאוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶךָ Psalm 69:28 (of wicked)

As accusative after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness:

• Psalm 22:32; Psalm 40:11; Psalm 51:16; Psalm 71:15, 16, 24; Psalm 98:2; Psalm 145:7
• Also יִוָּדַע צְדָקָה Psalm 88:13; עֹמֶדֶת צְדָקָה לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever Psalm 111:3; compare Psalm 119:142

b. Of people

• = prosperity (parallel הוֹן, עֹשֶׁר) Proverbs 8:18
• מוֹרֶה לִצְדָקָה early rain for prosperity Joel 2:23

7. Plural: Righteous acts

a. Of God

• Judges 5:11 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 12:7; Micah 6:5
• Vindication of right Psalm 103:6; redemptive Isaiah 45:24; Daniel 9:16

b. Of man's moral conduct

• Isaiah 64:5; Jeremiah 51:10; also probably Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:13 (Kethibh singular); Psalm 11:7 (? gloss); Daniel 9:18
• As adverbial accusative: הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: δικαιοσύνην δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνῃ δικαιοσύνησ δικαιοσύνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6666:

δικαιοσύνην 49× (31.5%)

δικαιοσύνη 32× (20.3%)

δικαιοσύνῃ 24× (13.7%)

δικαιοσύνησ 14× (9.0%)

δικαιοσύνασ 4× (2.3%)

δικαιοσύναι 3× (1.9%)

ἐλεημοσύνη 3× (1.9%)

'' 3× (1.9%)

pἐν 2× (1.5%)

--- 2× (1.5%)

הצדיק הַצַּדִּ֗יק

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צדיק

tsaddîyq

Definition

just

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; just; just, lawful, righteous (man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6662

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צַדִּיק

noun masculine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1216

1. just, righteous, of a ruler, of God, reliable. 2. A truth-speaker, honest, right, pious, religious, keeping the divine laws. Rarely: a strong, powerful one, a tyrant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צַדִּיק

m. verbal adj. • Root צדק • Page 563

1. He that has a righteous cause. Ex. 9:27. 2. Just, righteous (spoken of God, a king, judge). Ps. 7:10. 3. Blameless, virtuous, pious. Gen. 6:9. 4. True, faithful. Neh. 9:8. 5. Perhaps victorious, a conqueror. Is. 49:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6662

I. צַדִּיק (approximate number of occurrences: 206) adjective — just, righteous.

— צַדִּיק absolute Genesis 6:9 +; plural צַדִּיקִים Exodus 23:8 + etc.

1. Just, righteous, in government

a. Of Davidic king

• 2 Samuel 23:3
• צֶמַח Jeremiah 23:5
• Zechariah 9:9 ("" victorious)

b. Of judges

• Ezekiel 23:45
• Proverbs 29:2 (see Toy¹; Kautzsch questions this meaning in all these)

c. Of law

• מִשְׁמָּטִים צַדִּיקִים Deuteronomy 4:8

d. Of God

• Deuteronomy 32:4
• Psalm 119:137
• Psalm 129:4
• Job 34:17, opposed to Pharaoh Exodus 9:27 (Jehovist Source)
• In discrimination: Jeremiah 12:1; Zephaniah 3:5; Psalm 7:10, 12; Psalm 11:7
• In condemnation: 2 Chronicles 12:6; Daniel 9:14; Lamentations 1:18; Ezra 9:15; Nehemiah 9:33
• In redemption: Isaiah 45:21; Psalm 116:5
• In keeping promises: Nehemiah 9:8
• In all his ways: Psalm 145:17

2. Just in one's cause, right

• Exodus 23:7, 8 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 8:32; 2 Chronicles 6:23
• Isaiah 5:23; Isaiah 29:21
• Job 32:1; Job 36:7
• Proverbs 17:15, 26; Proverbs 18:5, 17; Proverbs 24:24
• Amos 2:6; Amos 5:12
• Habakkuk 1:4, 13
• Right in law, not under penalty: 2 Samuel 4:11; 1 Kings 2:32
• Innocent of specific offence: 2 Kings 10:9
• With מִן compare 1 Samuel 24:18

3. Just, righteous, in conduct and character

a. Towards God

• Genesis 7:1; Genesis 18:23–26, 28 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 20:4 (Elohist Source)
• Habakkuk 2:4
• Malachi 3:18

b. In General, ethically

• Psalm 5:13; Psalm 7:10; Psalm 11:3, 5 (and 21 times in Psalms)
• Proverbs 2:20; Proverbs 3:33; Proverbs 4:18; Proverbs 9:9 (and 56 times in Proverbs)
• Ecclesiastes 3:17 (and 7 times in Ecclesiastes)
• Isaiah 3:10; Isaiah 57:1 (twice in verse)
• Jeremiah 20:12
• Lamentations 4:13
• Ezekiel 3:20, 21 (twice in verse) + 12 times in Ezekiel
• Hosea 14:10
• "" תָּמִים Genesis 6:9 (Priests' Code); Job 12:4
• "" נָקִי Job 17:9; Job 22:19; Job 27:17; Psalm 94:21
• "" יִשְׁרֵי־לֵב Psalm 32:11; Psalm 64:11; Psalm 97:11

4. Righteous, as justified and vindicated by יהוה

Especially servant of יהוה Isaiah 53:11; so his people, usually plural:

• Isaiah 60:21
• Psalm 33:1 (and 8 times in Psalms)
• אָהֳלֵי צַדִּיקִים Psalm 118:15 tents of the righteous
• גּוֺרַל צַדִּיקִים Psalm 125:3
• עֲדַת צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:5
• דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6
• Singular collective: Psalm 34:20, 22; Psalm 75:11; Isaiah 24:16; Isaiah 26:7 (twice in verse)
• גּוֺי צַדִּיק Isaiah 26:2 ("" שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים)

5. Right, correct, lawful

• Isaiah 41:26 (compare אֱמֶת Isaiah 43:9)
• Lawful שְׁבִי צַדִּיק Isaiah 49:24 (English Versions); but read עָרִיץ

¹ Crawford H. Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs (International Critical Commentary), New York: Scribners, 1899.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: δίκαιοσ δίκαιον δικαίων δίκαιοι δικαίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H6662:

δίκαιοσ 59× (27.7%)

δίκαιον 32× (14.6%)

δικαίων 31× (14.8%)

δίκαιοι 22× (10.3%)

δικαίου 16× (7.7%)

δικαίῳ 7× (3.0%)

δικαίοισ 5× (2.4%)

δικαίουσ 5× (2.2%)

δίκαια 3× (1.5%)

εὐσεβῶν 3× (1.3%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תצילנו תַצִּילֶנּוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נצל

nâtsal

Definition

to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense; [idiom] at all, defend, deliver (self), escape, [idiom] without fail, part, pluck, preserve, recover, rescue, rid, save, spoil, strip, [idiom] surely, take (out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5337

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָצַל

verb • Root נצל • Strongs / High • Page 985

(Kal not used) tr. to tear off, away or out; to draw off, away or out; to snatch from, to separate, to divide. Figuratively: to pluck, out of danger, hence to deliver.

נָצַל

verb • Root נצל • Strongs / High • Page 986

To deliver from danger, rescue, save a life.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָצַל

verb • Page 454

In Kal not used; prob. to draw or tear away. Pi. 1. to take away. 2. to rob. 3. to save. Hiph. 1. to take away. 2. to deliver, free. Hoph. to be drawn out. Niph. 1. to be delivered or saved. 2. to deliver one's self. Hithpa. to take away from one's self.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5337

I. נָצַל (approximate number of occurrences: 212) verb — snatch away, deliver, strip. Not in Qal.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus Hiph'il Participle מצלת delivering Ecclesiasticus 40:24b (Levi conjectures יציל Ecclesiasticus 40:24a)
• Late Hebrew Hiph'il = Biblical Hebrew
• Biblical Aramaic Haph'el idem
• Syriac ܢܨܠ pour out
• Arabic نصل intransitive tincturam exuit emisitque barba, ex cuspide excidit sagitta, etc. (Kam Frey)
• Ethiopic ነጸለ evulsum or abruptum excidere e suo loco (Dillmann¹)

Niph'al

— Perfect 1 plural נִצַּלְנוּ Jeremiah 7:10; Imperfect יִנָּצֵל Deuteronomy 23:16, + 1 singular אִנָּצְלָה Psalm 69:15, + 8 times Imperfect; Infinitive הַנָּצֵל Isaiah 20:6 (3 times).

1. reflexive tear oneself away, deliver oneself:

• absolute Proverbs 6:3
• Ezekiel 14:16, 18
• 2 Kings 19:11 = Isaiah 37:11
• with מִיַּד Proverbs 6:5
• מֵעִ... אֶל escape from-unto Deuteronomy 23:16

2. passive be torn out or away

• מִמִּי הָאֲרִי Amos 3:12
• be delivered, absolute Genesis 32:31; Jeremiah 7:10; Psalm 33:16
• Micah 4:10 (Micah 4:30 raw)
• מִמְּנֵי Isaiah 20:6
• מִכַּף Habakkuk 2:9
• מִן Psalm 69:15

Pi'el

— Perfect 2 masculine plural נִצַּלְתֶּם Exodus 3:22; Imperfect יְנַצֵּל Ezekiel 14:14 (2 times).

1. strip of, spoil

• absolute 2 Chronicles 20:25
• with accusative of person Exodus 3:22
• Exodus 12:36 (Jehovist Source)

2. deliver

• with accusative נַפְשָׁם Ezekiel 14:14

Hiph'il

(approximate number of occurrences: 190) — Perfect הִצִּיל Exodus 12:27; 2 masculine singular הִצַּ֫לְתָּ Exodus 5:23 (50 times Perfect); Imperfect יַּצִּיל 2 Kings 17:39; יַצֵּל Genesis 31:9 (63 times Imperfect); Imperative הַצֵּל Proverbs 24:11; הַצִּ֫ילָה Psalm 22:21; suffix הַצִּילֵנִי Genesis 32:12 (24 times Imperative); Infinitive absolute הַצֵּל 2 Kings 18:30 (4 times); construct הַצִּיל Genesis 37:22 (23 times Infinitive); Participle מַצִּיל Deuteronomy 32:39 (16 times Participle).

1. take away, snatch away

• property Genesis 31:9, 10 (Elohist Source); Hosea 2:11
• prey from mouth of animals 1 Samuel 17:35; Amos 3:12; Ezekiel 34:10
• words of Yahweh from the mouth Psalm 119:43
• וְאֵין מַצִּיל בֵּינֵיהֶם 2 Samuel 14:6 and there was none to tear them apart
• עֵינֵנוּ וְהִצִּיל 2 Samuel 20:6 and take away our eye (elude our sight, Gesenius; Ewald, Wellhausen after Septuagint cast shadow over our eye, denominative from צֵל; Böttcher, Thenius after Syriac tear away our eye, harm us irretrievably, see Driver²; H. P. Smith escape from us [מִמֶּנּוּ, as Lucian], compare Budde [וְנִצַּל])

2. rescue, recover

• cities Judges 11:26
• wives and property 1 Samuel 30:8, 18, 22

3. deliver from: a. enemies and troubles

• absolute 1 Samuel 12:21; Proverbs 19:19; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 39:17
• אֵין מַצִּיל Judges 18:28; Job 5:4; Job 10:7; Psalm 7:3; Psalm 50:22; Psalm 71:11; Isaiah 5:29; Isaiah 42:22; Isaiah 43:13; Daniel 8:4 (Daniel 8:47 raw); Hosea 5:14; Micah 5:7
• with accusative Genesis 18:8 (Elohist Source), Exodus 5:23; Exodus 12:27 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 23:15 (39 times)
• הַצִּיל נַפְשׁוֺ Isaiah 44:20; Isaiah 47:14; Ezekiel 3:19, 21; Ezekiel 14:20; Ezekiel 33:19
• with מִן from Micah 5:6 (25 times); מִיַּד from the hand or power of Genesis 32:12; Exodus 2:19 (Jehovist Source) + 57 times; מִתַּחַת יַד Exodus 18:10 (Elohist Source); מִכַּף 2 Samuel 14:16; 2 Samuel 19:10; 2 Samuel 22:1 = Psalm 18:1, 2 Kings 20:6 = Isaiah 38:6; 2 Chronicles 32:11; Ezra 8:31

b. from death

• Proverbs 11:16 (Proverbs 11:16 raw); Proverbs 12:6
• מִמּוֺת Joshua 2:13 (Jehovist Source), Psalm 33:19; Psalm 56:14; Proverbs 10:12 (Proverbs 10:12 raw) = Proverbs 11:4
• מִשְּׁאוֺל Psalm 86:13; Proverbs 23:14

4. deliver from sin and guilt (in late writings)

• מִכָּל מְּשָׁעַי Psalm 39:9 from all my transgression
• מִדָּמִים Psalm 51:6 (Psalm 51:6 raw) from bloodguiltiness
• הַצִּילֵנוּ וְכַפֵּר עַל־חַטּאֹתֵינוּ Psalm 79:9 deliver us and cover over all our sins
• probably also כְּאִמְרָֽתְךָ הַצִּילֵנִי Psalm 119:170

Hoph'al

— Participle מֻצָּל;

• כְּאוּד מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵטָה Amos 4:11 as a brand plucked out of the burning
• מֵאֵשׁ Zechariah 3:2 from the fire

Hithpa'el

• וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ אֶת־עֶדְיָם Exodus 33:6 (Elohist Source) and they stripped themselves of their ornaments.

Aramaic

[נְצַל] verb Haph'el — rescue, deliver (Biblical Hebrew נָצַל; Egyptian Aramaic הנצל take away, S-C³).

• of God, absolute: Participle active מַצִּל Daniel 6:28
• Infinitive לְהַצָּלָה Daniel 3:29
• of man, suffix person לְהַצָּלוּתֵהּ Daniel 6:15

¹ August Dillmann, Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae (1865), 698.

² S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

³ A. Sayce and A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri Discovered at Assuan (1906), papyri C 10, D 18.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐξείλατο ῥῦσαί ῥύσεται ἡμᾶσ ἐρρύσατο

LXX Usage Statistics

H5337:

ἐξείλατο 14× (5.8%)

ῥῦσαί 11× (4.8%)

ῥύσεται 11× (4.9%)

ἡμᾶσ 11× (4.1%)

ἐρρύσατο 10× (4.4%)

ἐξαιρούμενοσ 10× (4.0%)

ἐξελεῖται 9× (3.7%)

ἐξελοῦ 8× (3.5%)

ἐξελέσθαι 8× (3.5%)

αὐτούσ 7× (2.7%)

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

פשעו פִּשְׁעוֹ

have broken away

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פשע

peshaʻ

Definition

a revolt (national, moral or religious)

Root

from H6586 (פשע);

Exhaustive

from פשע; a revolt (national, moral or religious); rebellion, sin, transgression, trespass.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6588

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פֶּשַׁע

noun masculine • Root פשע • Strongs / High • Page 1200

Folly, silliness, sin, metaphorically mischief.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6588

I. פֶּ֫שַׁע (approximate number of occurrences: 93) noun masculine Psalm 19:14 — transgression.

— פֶּשַׁע absolute Exodus 22:8 +; פָּ֑שַׁע Proverbs 10:19 +; construct פֶּשַׁע Genesis 50:17 +; suffix פִּשְׁעִי Genesis 31:36 (14 times suffixes); plural פְּשָׁעִים Proverbs 10:12; construct פִּשְׁעֵי Amos 1:3 + etc.

1. Transgression against individuals

• Genesis 31:36; Genesis 50:17 (twice in verse)
• Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• 1 Samuel 24:12; 1 Samuel 25:28
• Proverbs 10:19; 17:19; 29:6, 16, 22
• פֶּשַׁע שְׂפָתַיִם Proverbs 12:13
• עַל כָּל־פְּשָׁעִים תְּכַסֶּה אַהֲבָה Proverbs 10:12, compare Proverbs 17:9; 19:11; 28:13

2. Of nation, against nation

• Amos 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1
• Of land: Proverbs 28:2

3. Against God

a. In General

• parallel חַטָּאת Isaiah 58:1; 59:12; Micah 1:5 (twice); 1:13; 3:8; Amos 5:12
• parallel עָוֺן Ezekiel 21:29; Psalm 107:17
• עָשָׂה פֶשַׁע Ezekiel 18:22, 28; בְּיוֹם פֶּשַׁע Ezekiel 33:12; רַבּוּ פְשָׁעַי Isaiah 59:12; Job 35:6; Jeremiah 5:6(?)
• יֹסִיף עַל־חַטָּאתוֹ פֶשַׁע Job 34:37 he addeth transgression unto his sin
• יִלְדֵי־פֶשַׁע Isaiah 57:4
• Personified as evil spirit: נְאֻם פֶּשַׁע Psalm 36:2

b. As recognized by sinner

He knows it Psalm 51:5; makes known concerning it to יהוה Psalm 32:5; does not cover it (כִּסָּה) Job 31:33; turns from it Isaiah 59:20; Ezekiel 18:30; casts it away from him Ezekiel 18:31.

c. God deals with it

By visiting it (פָּקַד) Amos 3:14; Psalm 89:33; dealing with one according to it (עָשָׂה כְּ) Ezekiel 39:24; making it known to sinner Job 13:23; Job 36:9; punishing in various ways: מִמֶּּשַׁע because of it Isaiah 53:5, 8; with עַל according to it Amos 2:4, 6; Lamentations 1:5, 22; for it, with בְּ Isaiah 50:1; עֹל פְּשָׁעַי Lamentations 1:14 yoke of transgression; personified: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4; he does not grant forgiveness to it: לֹא יִשָּׂא לְפִשְׁעֲכֶם Exodus 23:21; Joshua 24:19 (Elohist Source).

d. God forgives

Forgives (נָשָׂא) it Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18 (Jehovist Source), Job 7:21, compare Psalm 32:1; pardons (סָלַח) 1 Kings 8:50; passes over (עָבַר עַל, compare Proverbs 19:11) Micah 7:18; removes (הִרְחִיק) Psalm 103:12; covers over (כִּפֶּר) Psalm 65:4; — compare (of priest) וְכִפֶּר עַל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִפְּשָׁעֵי Leviticus 16:16, and confession of פֶּשַׁע over (עַל) goat Leviticus 16:21; — God blots out (מָחָה) Isaiah 43:25; Isaiah 44:22; Psalm 51:3; וּפְשָׁעַי אַל־תִּזְכֹּר Psalm 25:7; delivers from (הִצִּיל מִן) Psalm 39:9.

— Job 35:15 read פֶּשַׁע for פַשׁ q.v.

4. Guilt of transgression

(compare עָוֺן 2)

• בְּלִי פֶשַׁע without (guilt of) transgression Job 33:9; 34:6
• לֹא פֶשַׁע Psalm 59:4
• פְּשָׁעֵינוּ עָלֵינוּ Ezekiel 33:10
• כָּבֵד עָלֶיהָ פִּשְׁעָהּ Isaiah 24:20
• בְּרֹב פְּשָׁעֶיהָ Psalm 5:11
• נִקֵּיתִי מִפֶּשַׁע Psalm 19:14
• יִטַּמְּאוּ בְּכָל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם defile themselves with all (the guilt of) transgressions Ezekiel 14:11; 37:23
• חָתֻם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Job 14:17

5. Punishment for transgression

(compare עָוֺן 3)

• Daniel 8:12, 13; 9:24

6. Offering for transgression

(compare חַטָּאת 4)

• הַאֶתֵּן בְּכוֹרִי פִּשְׁעִי Micah 6:7 shall I give my first-born as an offering for my transgression

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀσεβείαισ ἀσεβείασ ἀνομίασ ἀδικίασ ἀσεβειῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6588:

ἀσεβείαισ 9× (10.1%)

ἀσεβείασ 9× (9.7%)

ἀνομίασ 9× (8.5%)

ἀδικίασ 4× (4.0%)

ἀσεβειῶν 4× (3.9%)

ἁμαρτίασ 3× (3.1%)

ἁμαρτίαν 3× (3.1%)

ἀνομία 3× (3.1%)

ἀνομίαι 3× (2.9%)

--- 2× (2.3%)

ורשעת וְרִשְׁעַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רשעה

rishʻâh

Definition

wrong (especially moral)

Root

feminine of H7562 (רשע);

Exhaustive

feminine of רשע; wrong (especially moral); fault, wickedly(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7564

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רִשְׁעָה

feminine noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

Same as רֶשַׁע: wickedness, an evil mind; lies, deceit; a wicked deed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רִשְׁעָה

f. verbal dec. x. • Root רשע • Page 631

1. guilt (Deut. 25:2). 2. wickedness (Is. 9:17, Mal. 3:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7564

I. רִשְׁעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 15) noun feminine — wickedness.

— רִשְׁעָה absolute Isaiah 9:17 +; construct רִשְׁעַת Deuteronomy 9:4 +; suffix רִשְׁעָתוֹ Deuteronomy 25:2 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Wickedness in civil relations

• Deuteronomy 25:2
• Proverbs 13:3
• Isaiah 9:17
• בְּרִשׁעָתוֹ יפל רָשָׁע Proverbs 11:5

b. Wickedness of enemies

• גְּבוּל רִשְׁעָה Malachi 1:4 (Edom)
• זאת הַרִשְׁעָה Zechariah 5:8 (personification)
• לְרִשְׁעָה Ezekiel 5:6 (strike out Co¹)
• רִשְׁעַת הַגּוֹיִם Deuteronomy 9:4–5

c. Wickedness, ethical and religious

• עשׂה רִשְׁעָה Malachi 3:15; Malachi 3:19
• שׁוּב מֵרִשׁעָתוֹ Ezekiel 18:27; Ezekiel 33:19
• רִשְׁעַת (הָ)רָשָׁע Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12

¹ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἀνομία ἀνομίασ ἀσέβειαν ἄνομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7564:

ἀνομία 3× (22.3%)

ἀνομίασ 3× (21.0%)

ἀσέβειαν 3× (18.3%)

ἄνομα 2× (17.5%)

הרשע הָרָשָׁע

the Criminal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רשע

râshâʻ

Definition

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

Root

from H7561 (רשע);

Exhaustive

from רשע; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person; [phrase] condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7563

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶשַׁע

noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

Unrighteousness, bad actions, what is unrighteously acquired, injustice, lies, deceit, sinfulness.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשַׁע

intransitive verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

To make a wilful mistake, to sin, to be godless, to be held as guilty, to be mischievous, to act wickedly, to apostatise.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשַׁע

unknown • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

The Aram. רְשַׁף means to stir up, to excite. But, in opposition to צָדַק, it is better to adopt as the fundamental signification to be dispersed, slack, wavering, and so to be oblique, crooked.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשָׁע

adjective / masculine • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

I. Godless, sinful.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

רָשָׁע

masculine noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1360

II. An unrighteous, guilty, dishonest one; a guilty one; an evil-doer, a sinner, a godless person; an oppressor, an injurious man; opposite צַדִּיק or נָקִי; also an enemy.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7563

I. רָשָׁע (approximate number of occurrences: 263) adjective — wicked, criminal.

— רָשָׁע absolute Genesis 18:23 +; plural רְשָׁעִים Isaiah 13:11 +; construct רִשְׁעֵי Psalm 75:9 3t; feminine singular רְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18 (strike out Cornill⁴), Ezekiel 3:19 (רָשָׁע Cornill⁴); —

1. Usually as substantive

One guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opposed to צַדִּיק:

• רָשָׁע Exodus 2:13; Exodus 23:1 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 25:2; Proverbs 17:23; Proverbs 18:5; Proverbs 25:5; Job 9:22, 24
• collective Genesis 18:23, 25 (twice in verse) (Jehovist Source), Micah 6:10; Proverbs 3:33; Proverbs 28:4
• רְשָׁעִים 1 Samuel 24:14; Jeremiah 5:26; Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 20:26; Proverbs 29:12
• אַנְשִׁים רְשָׁעִים 2 Samuel 4:11 (murderers)
• רָשָׁע לָמוּת Numbers 35:31 (Priests' Code / Narrative) guilty of death
• מוֺשֵׁל רָשָׁע Proverbs 28:15, compare Proverbs 29:2
• הִצְדִּיק רָשָׁע Exodus 23:7 (Elohist Source), Isaiah 5:23; Proverbs 17:15
• הִרְשִׁיעַ רָשָׁע Deuteronomy 25:1; 1 Kings 8:32 = הֵשִׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2 Chronicles 6:23
• אָמַר לְרָשָׁע צַדִּיק Proverbs 24:24

2. Guilty of hostility to God or his people

wicked enemies:

• רָשָׁע singular Psalm 17:13 6t Psalms; Isaiah 26:10
• collective Psalm 9:6; Psalm 9:17; Psalm 10:2 6t Psalms; Isaiah 11:4; Habakkuk 3:13
• רְשָׁעִים Psalm 3:8; Psalm 7:10; Psalm 9:18 5t Psalms; Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:20–21; Jeremiah 25:31; Ezekiel 21:34; Malachi 3:21 (+ other cases; often hard to decide)
• specifically of Pharaoh Exodus 9:27 (Jehovist Source), Babylon Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 14:5, Chaldeans Habakkuk 1:4, 13
• parallel שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2 Chronicles 19:2

3. Guilty of sin, against either God or man

wicked:

• הָאֲנָשִׁים הָרְשָׁעִים Numbers 16:26 (Jehovist Source, rebellious Korahites), Malachi 3:18 (not serving י׳), opposed to צַדִּיק
• singular individual Ezekiel 3:18 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 21:30; Ezekiel 33:8 (twice in verse); Psalm 11:5; Psalm 32:10; Proverbs 9:7 +
• collective Isaiah 3:11; Job 34:18; Job 36:6, 17
• plural רְשָׁעִים Isaiah 53:9; Jeremiah 23:19 = Jeremiah 30:23, Zephaniah 1:3; Psalm 26:5; Proverbs 10:3; Ecclesiastes 8:10 +
• parallel חֲסִידִים 1 Samuel 2:9 (Poem), Psalm 12:9; Psalm 50:16; Psalm 97:10; Psalm 145:20
• parallel עֹזְבֵי תוֺדָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 119:53; compare verse 61, +
• אָדָם רָשָׁע Proverbs 11:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13
• אִישׁ רָשָׁע Proverbs 21:29
• מַלְאָךְ רָשָׁע Proverbs 13:17
• זֶרַע רְשָׁעִים Psalm 37:28
• עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים Psalm 1:1; Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18
• דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים Jeremiah 12:1; Psalm 1:6; Psalm 146:9; Proverbs 4:19; Proverbs 12:26
• דֶּרֶךְ רָשָׁע Proverbs 15:9
• מִדַּרְכּוֺ הָרְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18, 19 (but see Cornill⁴)
• רִשְׁעֵי (הָ)אָרֶץ Psalm 75:9; Psalm 101:8; Psalm 119:119; Ezekiel 7:21 (ᵐ5 Cornill⁴ עָרִיצֵי)

— is rare before exile; chiefly Ezekiel Psalms Wisdom Literature.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, author of critical commentaries on Ezekiel, etc.

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἀσεβῶν ἀσεβεῖσ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀσεβοῦσ ἀσεβὴσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7563:

ἀσεβῶν 56× (21.2%)

ἀσεβεῖσ 23× (8.3%)

ἁμαρτωλῶν 20× (7.7%)

ἀσεβοῦσ 18× (7.0%)

ἀσεβὴσ 14× (5.0%)

ἀσεβῆ 13× (4.6%)

ἁμαρτωλοὶ 9× (3.2%)

ἁμαρτωλῷ 8× (2.6%)

ἁμαρτωλοῦ 8× (3.0%)

ἁμαρτωλοὺσ 7× (2.5%)

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יכשל יִכָּשֶׁל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כשל

kâshal

Definition

to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall; bereave (from the margin), cast down, be decayed, (cause to) fail, (cause, make to) fall (down, -ing), feeble, be (the) ruin(-ed, of), (be) overthrown, (cause to) stumble, [idiom] utterly, be weak.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3782

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּשַׁל

verb • Root כשל • Strongs / High • Page 745

To totter, waver, faint, stagger from weakness, fall, sink, stumble upon a person or thing, be weak or weary. Figuratively, to sin.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּשַׁל

verb • Page 333

1. To shake, totter, to be weak, feeble. Ps. 109: 24; Is. 35: 3. 2. To stumble, to trip in walking. Ps. 27: 2; Is. 31: 3. Niph: to totter. Pi: to cause to totter, make feeble. Lam. 1: 14. Hiph: to cause to stumble or fall. 2 Chr. 25: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3782

I. כָּשַׁל verb — stumble, stagger, totter.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Syriac ܫܟ݂ܰܠ give offence (occasion for stumbling), σκανδαλίζω
• Arabic كسل be heavy, sluggish

1. Qal

— Perfect כָּשַׁל Nehemiah 4:4 +; feminine singular כָּֽשְׁלָה Isaiah 3:8, Isaiah 59:14; plural כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jeremiah 46:6 +; כָּשַׁלְנוּ Isaiah 59:10; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יכשׁוֺלוּ Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiphil Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Isaiah 40:30; Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Isaiah 5:27, כּשֵׁל 2 Chronicles 28:15; Psalms 105:37; feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת Isaiah 35:3.

a. Stumble at, over, something

• With בְּ (instrumental) Nahum 3:3
• גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כָּשַׁל Jeremiah 46:12 (+ נָפַל)
• Leviticus 26:37; Lamentations 5:13 (of stagger under toil)
• absolute Isaiah 5:27 ("" עָיֵף)
• כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 46:6, Jeremiah 46:16 (text uncertain)
• figurative of overthrow through divine judgment: Jeremiah 6:21, Isaiah 8:15, Hosea 4:5, Hosea 5:5, Hosea 14:2 (instrumental בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ)
• Of Babylon Jeremiah 50:32; Jeremiah 27:2; Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 31:3
• In metaphor of anxiety and distress: Isaiah 59:10, Psalms 107:12

b. Totter or fail

• Literal of knees: בִּרְכַּי כָּשְׁלוּ מִצּוֺם Psalms 109:24
• figurative: Isaiah 35:3 ("" יָדַיִם רָפוֺת)
• Literal of persons: Job 4:4, 2 Chronicles 28:15, Psalms 105:37
• Of strength (כֹּחַ): Nehemiah 4:10, Psalms 31:11

2. Niphal

— Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל Daniel 11:9; plural וְנִכְשְׁלוּ Daniel 11:33; Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezekiel 33:12; Participle נִכְשָׁל Zechariah 12:8; plural נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Samuel 2:4.

a. Stumble (as Qal)

• Literal: Nahum 2:6, Isaiah 63:13, Jeremiah 31:9
• Of misfortune: Proverbs 24:17 ("" נפל), Proverbs 4:12
• Of divine judgment: Proverbs 4:19, Proverbs 24:16, Ezekiel 33:12, Hosea 14:10, Jeremiah 20:11, Psalms 9:4
• Of nations/armies (be overthrown): Hosea 5:5, Jeremiah 6:15 ("" נפל), Daniel 11:19, Daniel 11:33–35, Daniel 11:41

b. Be tottering, feeble

• Isaiah 40:30 (opposed to יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ)
• 1 Samuel 2:4, Zechariah 12:8

3. Piel

Only apparent: תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezekiel 36:14; read תְּשַׁכְּלִי (bereave) according to Qr and Versions.

4. Hiphil

— Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Lamentations 1:14; הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Malachi 2:8; Imperfect יַכְשִׁילְךָ 2 Chronicles 25:8; Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל 2 Chronicles 25:8.

a. Cause to stumble / ruin

• figurative of ruin: Proverbs 4:16 (Qr), Psalms 64:9
• Overthrow of nation/army: 2 Chronicles 25:8 (followed by לִפְנֵי אוֺיֵב), 2 Chronicles 28:23
• morally: Jeremiah 18:15, Malachi 2:8

b. Make feeble, weak

• הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)

5. Hophal

— Participle מֻכְשָׁלִים Jeremiah 18:23 ones who have stumbled or ones overthrown before thee; so also Ezekiel 21:20 (for מִכְשֹׁלִים).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Julius Wellhausen (We).

Verb Niphal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀσθενήσουσιν ἠσθένησαν ἠσθένησεν ἀσθενήσει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3782:

ἀσθενήσουσιν 8× (12.2%)

ἠσθένησαν 5× (8.3%)

ἠσθένησεν 4× (6.6%)

ἀσθενήσει 3× (4.2%)

'' 3× (4.2%)

ἀνίσχυεσ 2× (3.3%)

κοπιάσουσιν 2× (3.1%)

ἀσθενῶν 2× (3.1%)

προσκόψουσι 2× (2.8%)

ἔσονται 2× (2.8%)

בה בָּהּ

within herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

שובו שׁוּבוֹ

turn back around

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

נו

Definition

he, subject pronoun - subject 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9043

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Verb Qal infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

מרשעו מֵרִשְׁעוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רשע

reshaʻ

Definition

a wrong (especially moral)

Root

from H7561 (רשע);

Exhaustive

from רשע; a wrong (especially moral); iniquity, wicked(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7562

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶשַׁע

noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

Unrighteousness, bad actions, what is unrighteously acquired, injustice, lies, deceit, sinfulness.

Matched via consonantal key only

רָשַׁע

intransitive verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

To make a wilful mistake, to sin, to be godless, to be held as guilty, to be mischievous, to act wickedly, to apostatise.

Matched via consonantal key only

רָשַׁע

unknown • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

The Aram. רְשַׁף means to stir up, to excite. But, in opposition to צָדַק, it is better to adopt as the fundamental signification to be dispersed, slack, wavering, and so to be oblique, crooked.

Matched via consonantal key only

רָשָׁע

adjective / masculine • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

I. Godless, sinful.

Matched via consonantal key only

רָשָׁע

masculine noun • Root רשע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1360

II. An unrighteous, guilty, dishonest one; a guilty one; an evil-doer, a sinner, a godless person; an oppressor, an injurious man; opposite צַדִּיק or נָקִי; also an enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֶשַׁע

m. dec. vi. i. • Root רשע • Page 631

1. unrighteousness, injustice (Mic. 6:10). 2. wickedness (Ps. 5:5).

רָשַׁע

verb • Page 631

1. to be guilty, liable to punishment (Job 9:29). 2. to be wicked, act wickedly (1 K. 8:47). 3. to conquer, be victorious (1 Sam. 14:47). Hiphil: to pronounce guilty, condemn (Ex. 22:8).

רָשָׁע

verb • Root רשע • Page 631

1. one with an unrighteous cause in law (Ex. 23:7). 2. guilty, punishable (Gen. 18:23). 3. wicked, ungodly person (Ps. 1:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7562

I. רֶ֫שַׁע (1 Samuel 24:14) noun masculine — wickedness.

— רֶ֫שַׁע absolute Micah 6:10 +; רָשָׁע Ecclesiastes 3:16; construct (perhaps) רֶשַׁע Ecclesiastes 7:25; suffix רִשְׁעוֹ Deuteronomy 9:27 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Wickedness, as violence and crime against civil law

• Ecclesiastes 3:16 (twice in verse)
• אֶגְרֹף רֶשַׁע Isaiah 58:4 fist of wickedness
• חַרְצֻבּוֹת רֶשַׁע Isaiah 58:6
• לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע Proverbs 4:17
• מַטֵּה רֶשַׁע Ezekiel 7:11
• מֹאזְנֵי רֶשַׁע Micah 6:11
• אֹצְרוֹת רֶשַׁע Micah 6:10, compare Proverbs 10:2
• בְּרֶשַׁע Psalm 141:4
• Proverbs 12:3
• עֲשׂוֹת רֶשַׁע Proverbs 16:12
• מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע 1 Samuel 24:14 (proverb)

b. Wickedness of enemies

• Of Egypt Ezekiel 31:11 (dubious Cornill¹; gloss Toy²)
• שֵׁבֶט הָרֶשַׁע Psalm 125:3 (ᵐ5 SS³ רָשָׁע)

c. Wickedness, in ethical relations

• (+ חַטָּאת) Deuteronomy 9:27 (Deuteronomic Source⁴)
• (+ עָוֹן) Jeremiah 14:20
• (+ עַוְלָה) Hosea 10:13
• Opposed to צֶדֶק Psalm 45:8
• Opposed to אֱמֶת Proverbs 8:7
• Psalm 5:5
• Psalm 10:15
• Job 34:10
• Job 35:8
• Ecclesiastes 7:25
• Ecclesiastes 8:8
• אַנְשֵׁי רֶשַׁע Job 34:8
• אָהֳלֵי רֶשַׁע Psalm 84:11
• שׁוּב מֵרִשְׁעוֹ Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 33:12 (see רִשְׁעָה 3)

¹ Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

² Crawford Howell Toy, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1899).

³ C. Siegfried and B. Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Deuteronomic Source.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀνόμουσ ἀνομίαν ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀνόμου ἀσεβήσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7562:

ἀνόμουσ 2× (6.8%)

ἀνομίαν 2× (6.8%)

ἁμαρτωλῶν 2× (6.3%)

ἀνόμου 2× (6.3%)

ἀσεβήσ 2× (5.8%)

ἀνομίασ 2× (4.8%)

וצדיק וְצַדִּ֗יק

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צדיק

tsaddîyq

Definition

just

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; just; just, lawful, righteous (man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6662

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צַדִּיק

noun masculine • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1216

1. just, righteous, of a ruler, of God, reliable. 2. A truth-speaker, honest, right, pious, religious, keeping the divine laws. Rarely: a strong, powerful one, a tyrant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צַדִּיק

m. verbal adj. • Root צדק • Page 563

1. He that has a righteous cause. Ex. 9:27. 2. Just, righteous (spoken of God, a king, judge). Ps. 7:10. 3. Blameless, virtuous, pious. Gen. 6:9. 4. True, faithful. Neh. 9:8. 5. Perhaps victorious, a conqueror. Is. 49:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6662

I. צַדִּיק (approximate number of occurrences: 206) adjective — just, righteous.

— צַדִּיק absolute Genesis 6:9 +; plural צַדִּיקִים Exodus 23:8 + etc.

1. Just, righteous, in government

a. Of Davidic king

• 2 Samuel 23:3
• צֶמַח Jeremiah 23:5
• Zechariah 9:9 ("" victorious)

b. Of judges

• Ezekiel 23:45
• Proverbs 29:2 (see Toy¹; Kautzsch questions this meaning in all these)

c. Of law

• מִשְׁמָּטִים צַדִּיקִים Deuteronomy 4:8

d. Of God

• Deuteronomy 32:4
• Psalm 119:137
• Psalm 129:4
• Job 34:17, opposed to Pharaoh Exodus 9:27 (Jehovist Source)
• In discrimination: Jeremiah 12:1; Zephaniah 3:5; Psalm 7:10, 12; Psalm 11:7
• In condemnation: 2 Chronicles 12:6; Daniel 9:14; Lamentations 1:18; Ezra 9:15; Nehemiah 9:33
• In redemption: Isaiah 45:21; Psalm 116:5
• In keeping promises: Nehemiah 9:8
• In all his ways: Psalm 145:17

2. Just in one's cause, right

• Exodus 23:7, 8 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 8:32; 2 Chronicles 6:23
• Isaiah 5:23; Isaiah 29:21
• Job 32:1; Job 36:7
• Proverbs 17:15, 26; Proverbs 18:5, 17; Proverbs 24:24
• Amos 2:6; Amos 5:12
• Habakkuk 1:4, 13
• Right in law, not under penalty: 2 Samuel 4:11; 1 Kings 2:32
• Innocent of specific offence: 2 Kings 10:9
• With מִן compare 1 Samuel 24:18

3. Just, righteous, in conduct and character

a. Towards God

• Genesis 7:1; Genesis 18:23–26, 28 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 20:4 (Elohist Source)
• Habakkuk 2:4
• Malachi 3:18

b. In General, ethically

• Psalm 5:13; Psalm 7:10; Psalm 11:3, 5 (and 21 times in Psalms)
• Proverbs 2:20; Proverbs 3:33; Proverbs 4:18; Proverbs 9:9 (and 56 times in Proverbs)
• Ecclesiastes 3:17 (and 7 times in Ecclesiastes)
• Isaiah 3:10; Isaiah 57:1 (twice in verse)
• Jeremiah 20:12
• Lamentations 4:13
• Ezekiel 3:20, 21 (twice in verse) + 12 times in Ezekiel
• Hosea 14:10
• "" תָּמִים Genesis 6:9 (Priests' Code); Job 12:4
• "" נָקִי Job 17:9; Job 22:19; Job 27:17; Psalm 94:21
• "" יִשְׁרֵי־לֵב Psalm 32:11; Psalm 64:11; Psalm 97:11

4. Righteous, as justified and vindicated by יהוה

Especially servant of יהוה Isaiah 53:11; so his people, usually plural:

• Isaiah 60:21
• Psalm 33:1 (and 8 times in Psalms)
• אָהֳלֵי צַדִּיקִים Psalm 118:15 tents of the righteous
• גּוֺרַל צַדִּיקִים Psalm 125:3
• עֲדַת צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:5
• דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6
• Singular collective: Psalm 34:20, 22; Psalm 75:11; Isaiah 24:16; Isaiah 26:7 (twice in verse)
• גּוֺי צַדִּיק Isaiah 26:2 ("" שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים)

5. Right, correct, lawful

• Isaiah 41:26 (compare אֱמֶת Isaiah 43:9)
• Lawful שְׁבִי צַדִּיק Isaiah 49:24 (English Versions); but read עָרִיץ

¹ Crawford H. Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs (International Critical Commentary), New York: Scribners, 1899.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Conjunction, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: δίκαιοσ δίκαιον δικαίων δίκαιοι δικαίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H6662:

δίκαιοσ 59× (27.7%)

δίκαιον 32× (14.6%)

δικαίων 31× (14.8%)

δίκαιοι 22× (10.3%)

δικαίου 16× (7.7%)

δικαίῳ 7× (3.0%)

δικαίοισ 5× (2.4%)

δικαίουσ 5× (2.2%)

δίκαια 3× (1.5%)

εὐσεβῶν 3× (1.3%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יוכל יוּכַל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יכל

yâkôl

Definition

to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)

Root

or (fuller) יכול; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or (fuller) יכול; a primitive root; to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might); be able, any at all (ways), attain, can (away with, (-not)), could, endure, might, overcome, have power, prevail, still, suffer.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3201

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָכֹל

verb • Root יכל • Strongs / High • Page 571

(not used) intransitive: to be condensed, tight, strong, proceeding from the idea of being wound together.

יָכֹל

verb • Root יכל • Strongs / High • Page 607

To be able, can; to prevail, overcome. Also used in the sense of to contain, bear, or refrain.

יָכֹל

verb • Root יכל • Strongs / High • Page 608

To be able, I can; to overcome, to prevail. Also used to mean to be powerless, or not to prevail.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָכֹל

verb • Root יכל • Page 283

1. to be able (Gen. 13:6, 45:1; Ex. 7:21). 2. to be permitted (by law) (Gen. 43:32; Num. 9:6). 3. to be able to endure, to suffer (Jer. 44:22; Prov. 30:21). 4. to prevail, or obtain the mastery over any one (Gen. 32:26; Jer. 20:10; Ps. 13:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3201

I. יָכֹל, יָכוֹל (approximate number of occurrences: 193) verb — be able, have power, prevail, endure.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְכִיל
• Assyrian akâlu¹

— Qal Perfect יָכֹל Genesis 32:26 (8 times); יָכוֹל 1 Samuel 4:15 (2 times); 3 feminine singular יָ˜כְלָה Genesis 36:7, Exodus 2:3; 2 masculine singular וְיָכָלְתָּ֫ Exodus 18:23; 1 singular יָכֹלְתִּי Genesis 30:8 (2 times); suffix יְכָלְתִּיו Psalm 13:5; 3 plural יָכְ֑לוּ Genesis 13:6 (27 times) + Joshua 15:63 Qere; יָכֹלוּ Exodus 8:14 (2 times); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּכָל Genesis 13:16 (34 times); יוּכָ֑ל Job 4:2 (4 times); וַיֻּכָ֑ל Hosea 12:5; 3 feminine singular תּוּכַל Amos 7:10 (2 times); 2 masculine singular תּוּכַל Genesis 15:5 (16 times); 1 singular אוּכַל Genesis 19:19 (30 times) etc. (on these Imperfect forms as irregular Qal, see GKC², König³, Wright⁴; others Hoph`al); Infinitive construct יְכֹ֫לֶת Numbers 14:16, Deuteronomy 9:28; Infinitive absolute יָכוֺל Numbers 13:20, 2 Chronicles 32:13; יָכֹל Numbers 22:38, 1 Samuel 26:25; (8 times in Priests' Code, 3 times in Ezekiel; often Yahwist Source, Elohist Source, Deuteronomic Code, Jeremiah, Deutero-Isaiah, not seldom in Samuel, Kings, Chronicles).

1. be able, to do a thing

Whether ability be physical, moral, constitutional, or dependent on external authority; usually of man Genesis 13:16 (Yahwist Source) +, but also of gods 2 Chronicles 32:13, 15, and of יהוה Numbers 14:16 (Yahwist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 9:28, Jeremiah 44:22; occasionally of inanimate things Amos 7:10, Genesis 36:7 (Priests' Code), Song of Solomon 8:7, Ecclesiastes 1:15 (twice in verse), etc.:

a. usually followed by infinitive with לְ

• Genesis 31:35 I am not able to rise up
• Genesis 45:1 Joseph was not able to restrain himself, Genesis 45:3; Genesis 48:10
• Exodus 7:21, 24 were not able to drink, Exodus 12:39; Joshua 24:19 (all Elohist Source)
• Genesis 13:16 if a man can number the dust, Genesis 19:19, 22; Genesis 43:32; Genesis 44:22, 26 (twice in verse); Exodus 10:5; Exodus 19:23 (all Yahwist Source)
• Genesis 15:5; Exodus 15:23; Numbers 11:14 (all Yahwist-Elohist Source) + 10 times Yahwist-Elohist Source
• Deuteronomy 7:17 + 10 times Deuteronomic Code
• Genesis 13:6 they could not dwell together, Genesis 34:14; Genesis 36:7; Exodus 9:11; Exodus 40:35; Numbers 9:6; Joshua 9:19 (all Priests' Code)
• 1 Samuel 3:2; 1 Samuel 6:20; 1 Kings 9:21, Amos 7:10; Hosea 5:13; Zephaniah 1:18; Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 11:11; Jeremiah 13:23; Jeremiah 18:6; Jeremiah 19:11 +

b. followed by infinitive without לְ (27 times; not in Priests' Code)

• Genesis 37:4; Exodus 2:3; Exodus 18:18, 23 (all Elohist Source)
• Genesis 24:50; Genesis 44:1 (Yahwist Source), Numbers 22:37, 38 (Yahwist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 1:9; Deuteronomy 7:22; Deuteronomy 14:24; Deuteronomy 22:29; Judges 8:3
• Jeremiah 49:10, 23; Habakkuk 1:13; Isaiah 46:2; Isaiah 47:11, 12; Isaiah 57:20; Lamentations 1:14
• Psalm 18:39; Psalm 36:13; Psalm 78:20; Proverbs 30:21; Job 4:2; Job 33:5

c. with infinitive implicit, always negative

• Genesis 29:8 We are not able, cannot (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 8:14 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 29:11; Jeremiah 20:9; Psalm 21:12; Jonah 1:13

d. with negative = may not (of moral inability)

• Genesis 43:32 (Yahwist Source) the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews
• Judges 21:18 we may not give them wives
• especially Deuteronomic Code: Deuteronomy 7:22; Deuteronomy 12:17; Deuteronomy 14:24; Deuteronomy 16:5; Deuteronomy 17:15; Deuteronomy 22:3; Deuteronomy 28:27, 35

e. be able, followed by imperfect

• Numbers 22:6 (Yahwist-Elohist Source) אוּלַי אוּכַל נַכֶּה perchance I am able (so that) we smite (see Dillmann⁵; read perhaps נוּכַל for אוּכַל GKC² §120. 1 b)
• Lamentations 4:14 לֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ they are unable to touch (see Driver⁶ §163 Obs.)

f. be able, followed by perfect consecutive

• only very late: Esther 8:6 (twice in verse), אוּכַל וְרָאִיתִי how shall I be able and see?

g. able to gain, accomplish

• followed by accusative: Hosea 8:5 לֹא יוּכְלוּ נִקָּיוֺן how long will they be unable (to gain) innocence?
• Job 42:2 יָדַעְתִּ֯ כִּיכֹֿל תּוּכָ֑ל I know that thou art able (to do) all things
• Jeremiah 38:5 אֵין הַמֶּלֶךְ יוּכַל אֶתְכֶם דָּבָר the king is not (one who is) able (to do) anything against you (for אֶתְכם read אִתְּכֶם see Graf⁷)

h. able to endure

• Isaiah 1:13 לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה I cannot endure iniquity and a solemn assembly
• Psalm 101:5

i. able to reach

• followed by לְ: Psalm 139:6 לֹא אוּכַל לָהּ I cannot (reach) to it

2. prevail

a. absolute prevail, overcome, be victor

• Genesis 30:8 (Elohist Source), Genesis 32:29 (Yahwist Source), Hosea 12:5
• 1 Samuel 26:25; 1 Kings 22:22; 2 Chronicles 18:21
• Jeremiah 20:7, 11; of waves Jeremiah 5:22
• succeed: Isaiah 16:12; Jeremiah 3:5 (Version: hast had thy way)

b. followed by לְ person, prevail against, over

• Genesis 32:26 (Yahwist Source), Numbers 13:30 (Yahwist-Elohist Source), Judges 16:5
• 1 Samuel 17:9; Jeremiah 1:19; Jeremiah 15:20; Jeremiah 20:10; Jeremiah 38:22
• Obadiah 7; Psalm 129:2; Esther 6:13

c. once with suffix

• יְכָלְתִּיו Psalm 13:5 I have prevailed over him
• Zechariah 9:15 (where read וְיָ˜כְלוּם for וְאָֽכְלוּ with LXX Targum see Klostermann⁸, Stade⁹)

3. absolute have ability, strength

Only negative: Job 31:23 מִשְּׂאֵתוֺ לֹא אוּכָ֑ל because of his loftiness I have no ability (am inadequate).

¹ Haupt in Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (KAT).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

⁴ William Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (1890).

⁵ August Dillmann, Commentaries on the Hexateuch.

⁶ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

⁷ Karl Heinrich Graf, Commentary on Jeremiah.

⁸ August Klostermann, Theologische Literaturzeitung (1879).

⁹ Bernhard Stade, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW 1881).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: δυνήσεται δυνήσομαι δυνήσῃ ἠδύναντο δυνησόμεθα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3201:

δυνήσεται 21× (10.0%)

δυνήσομαι 20× (9.6%)

δυνήσῃ 16× (7.6%)

ἠδύναντο 16× (7.7%)

δυνησόμεθα 11× (5.2%)

δύνωνται 10× (4.8%)

ἠδυνάσθησαν 8× (3.8%)

ἐδύναντο 8× (3.8%)

ἠδύνατο 7× (3.4%)

δύνηται 6× (2.9%)

לחיות לִחְיוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חיה

châyâh

Definition

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

Root

a primitive root (compare H2331 (חוה), H2421 (חיה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חוה, חיה); to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive; keep (leave, make) alive, [idiom] certainly, give (promise) life, (let, suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken, recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, ([idiom] God) save (alive, life, lives), [idiom] surely, be whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 479

To live, in the widest sense; to breathe, to blow; to continue to live; to revive or live again, from death or sickness; to recover; to live well or happily.

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 480

to live, especially in the Pentateuch.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַיֶה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

lively, strong, vigorous (Ex. 1:19).

חַיָּה

f. const. חַיַּת • Root חי • Page 225

1. living, hence a living soul, an animal (Gen. 37:20, 33). Often collectively: every animal (Gen. 7:14), the beasts of the field (Gen. 1:24, 25). 2. life (Job 33:18, 22, 28, Ps. 143:3). 3. i.q. נֶפֶשׁ desire, hunger (Job 33:20, 38:19). 4. i.q. חָוָה a band or company of men (2 Sam. 23:11, 13).

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

1. to live, often to be in good health (Deut. 8:1). 2. to continue alive (Num. 14:38). 3. to come to life again, to revive (Ezek. 37:5, 1 K. 17:22, Gen. 45:27). 4. to be restored to health (Gen. 20:7). Includes Pi. (to make alive) and Hiph. (to restore to life).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2421

I. חָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 283) verb — live.

Cognates:

• Phoenician חוא
• Late Hebrew חָיָה
• Arabic حيي, حي
• Sabean חיו¹
• Ethiopic ሐይወ
• Aramaic חֲיָא
• Palmyrene חיי²

— חָיָה Qal₂₀₃ Perfect חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 (4 times); יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9, Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 (23 times) (this and the following form are treated as עע֞, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either לה֞ or עע֞, GKC³ § 76 (2) g); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Bö⁴ § 1181); 3 feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13, Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö⁴ § 1123 (3), Samaritan חיתה); 2 masculine singular חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3 masculine plural חָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consecutive Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi`el וְחִיּוּ Sta⁵ so ᵐ5); וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 (2 times); Imperfect יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 (27 times); יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 (10 times); וִיחִי Psalm 49:10 (2 times); וְיֶחִ֑י Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 (37 times); וַיֶּחִ֑י Deuteronomy 4:33 (4 times); 3 feminine singular תִּחְיֶה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 (5 times); 2 masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 (7 times); 2 feminine singular תִּחְיִי 2 Kings 4:7; 1 singular אֶחְיֶה 2 Kings 1:2 (8 times); 3 masculine plural יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 (8 times); 3 feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19, Ezekiel 37:3; 2 masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 (2 times); תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:30, Deuteronomy 8:1; 1 plural נִחְיֶה 2 Kings 7:4 (7 times); Imperative וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7, Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; feminine singular חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6 (twice in verse); masculine plural וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 (7 times); Infinitive absolute חָיֹה 2 Kings 8:10 (6 times); חָיוֺ Ezekiel 3:21 (3 times); construct לִחְיוֺת Ezekiel 33:12; suffix חֲיוֺתָם Joshua 5:8.

1. Qal — live

1. have life
   • Genesis 31:32 (Elohist Source)
   • Exodus 33:20 (Jehovist Source)
   • Numbers 4:19 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
   • Deuteronomy 30:16 +
   • In phrase וַיְחִי (and he lived) with accusative of time: Genesis 5:3–30 (16 times), Genesis 9:28, Genesis 11:11–26 (14 times), Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22 (E), 2 Kings 14:17, 2 Chronicles 25:25, Job 42:16
2. continue in life, remain alive
   • Genesis 20:7 (E), Leviticus 25:36, 2 Samuel 12:22 +
   • Also ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self: Genesis 12:13, Genesis 19:20 (J), 1 Kings 20:32, Psalm 119:175, Jeremiah 38:2, 17, 20, Isaiah 55:3
   • וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד (and the boy may live): 2 Samuel 12:22
   • ח׳ לפני (live in the presence of): Genesis 17:18 (P), Hosea 6:2
   • ח׳ ב׳ (live among): Lamentations 4:20
3. sustain life, live on or upon
   • Of animal life, by the sword: Genesis 27:40 (J)
   • By bread: Deuteronomy 8:3
   • In pregnant sense of fullness of life: Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 38:16
   • Of wicked man, by repentance: Ezekiel 33:19
   • With בְּ by the statutes of יהוה: Leviticus 18:5 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 21, 25, Nehemiah 9:29
   • צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֺ יִחְיֶה (a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live): Habakkuk 2:4
4. live (prosperously)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך (may the king live): 1 Samuel 10:24, 2 Samuel 16:16, 1 Kings 1:25, 31, 34, 39, 2 Kings 11:12, 2 Chronicles 23:11
   • יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם: Psalm 22:27, Psalm 69:33
   • המלך לעולם יחיה: Nehemiah 2:3

2. Qal — be quickened, revive

1. from sickness
   • Numbers 21:8, 9, Joshua 5:8 (E), 2 Kings 1:2, 2 Kings 8:8, 9, 10, 14, 2 Kings 20:1, 7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21
2. from discouragement / faintness
   • Of the spirit: Genesis 45:27 (E)
   • From faintness: Judges 15:19
3. from death
   • 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:14, Isaiah 26:14, 19
   • By return of נפשׁ: 1 Kings 17:22
   • Of רוּהַ: Ezekiel 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Judges 15:19)

— חִיָּה Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular חִיָּה Psalm 22:30; 3 feminine singular suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalm 119:50; 2 masculine singular suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Psalm 30:4, חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalm 119:93; 3 plural חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; Imperfect יְחַיֶּה 1 Samuel 27:9 +; Imperative suffix חַיֵּנִי Psalm 119:25 (8 times), חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; Infinitive construct חַיּוֺת Genesis 7:3, Ezekiel 13:19; suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +; Participle מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6, 1 Samuel 2:6.

3. Pi`el — preserve alive, revive

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Exodus 1:17, 18, 22, Exodus 22:17, Joshua 9:15 (JE), Genesis 12:12 (J), Numbers 31:15 (P), Deuteronomy 6:24, Deuteronomy 20:16, Judges 21:14, 1 Samuel 27:9, 11, 1 Kings 18:5, 2 Kings 7:4, Jeremiah 49:11, Ezekiel 3:18, Habakkuk 3:2, Job 36:6, Psalm 30:4, Psalm 33:19, Psalm 41:3, Psalm 138:7
   • ח׳ נפשׁ (preserve oneself alive): Psalm 22:30, Ezekiel 18:27
   • ח׳ זרע (preserve seed alive): Genesis 7:3, Genesis 19:32, 34 (J)
   • Keep in existence: Nehemiah 9:6
   • Nourish: Isaiah 7:21, 2 Samuel 12:3
2. give life
   • To man when created: Job 33:4
3. quicken, revive, refresh
   • Restore to life the dead: 1 Samuel 2:6, Deuteronomy 32:39, Hosea 6:2, Psalm 71:20
   • Cause to grow: Hosea 14:8
   • Restore a ruined city / stones: 1 Chronicles 11:8, Nehemiah 3:34
   • Revive the people of יהוה: Psalm 80:19, Psalm 85:7, Psalm 119:37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159, Psalm 143:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12

— הֶחֱיָה Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 (5 times); 2 masculine singular suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1 singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33; הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13, Judges 8:19; Imperative suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; Infinitive absolute הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֺת Genesis 6:20 (6 times), הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19, Genesis 50:20; suffix הַחֲיֹתוֺ Ezekiel 13:22.

4. Hiph`il — preserve alive / quicken

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Genesis 45:7, Genesis 50:20 (E), Genesis 47:25, Numbers 22:33, Joshua 2:13, Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10 (D), Genesis 6:19, 20, Numbers 31:18, Joshua 9:20 (P), Judges 8:19, 2 Samuel 8:2, Ezekiel 13:22
   • With נפשׁ: Genesis 19:19 (J)
2. quicken, revive
   • Restore to health: 2 Kings 5:7, Isaiah 38:16
   • Revive the לֵב and רוּחַ: Isaiah 57:15 (twice in verse)
   • Restore to life the dead: 2 Kings 8:1, 5 (3 times in verse)

¹ Mordtmann, J. H., "Himjarische Inschriften und Alterthümer," in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1876, p. 28.

² Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques, 1868–77, Nos. 32, 74.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Böttcher, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 1866–68.

⁵ Bernhard Stade, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), i. 1881, p. 22.

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ζήσεται ἔζησεν ζήτω ζήσομαι ζωῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2421:

ζήσεται 55× (18.4%)

ἔζησεν 39× (12.3%)

ζήτω 11× (4.0%)

ζήσομαι 10× (3.2%)

ζωῇ 10× (3.6%)

ζῆσόν 9× (3.2%)

ζήσῃ 8× (2.8%)

ζήσεσθε 7× (2.2%)

'' 6× (1.8%)

ζήσονται 6× (2.1%)

בה בָּהּ

within herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

חטאתו חֲטֹאתוֹ׃

the Miss of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חטא

châṭâʼ

Definition

properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn; bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2398

נו

Definition

he, subject pronoun - subject 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9043

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָטָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 474

1. tr. to take from, to remove, to take away, to diminish; figurat. to diminish the soul, i. e. to injure. 2. intr. to miss, to want. 3. to miss the mark. 4. to err, in a moral sense, i. e. to sin.

חָטָא

verb • Root חטא • Strongs / High • Page 475

To sin, to transgress against a person or thing; metaphorically, to be under the penalty of sin, to make atonement for a crime.

חָטָא

verb • Root חטא • Strongs / High • Page 476

See חֵטְא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָטָא

verb • Page 223

1. to slip, to fall. Prov. 19: 2. 2. to err, go astray, to miss the goal. Prov. 8: 36. Job 5: 24. 3. to sin, as a path from which the sinner strays. Gen. 20: 6, 9. 1 Sam. 2: 25. Lev. 4: 23. 4. to owe, to forfeit; Prov. 20: 2. Also includes Pi. (to be punished, offer as sin-offering, purify/cleanse); Hiph. (to miss mark, cause to sin, seduce); Hithpa. (to purify one's self, be beside one's self from terror).

חַטָּא

noun masculine • Root חטא • Page 223

1. a sinner. Gen. 13: 13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2398

I. חָטָא (approximate number of occurrences: 238) verb — miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic חֲטָא
• Assyrian ha‰û ¹
• Sabean חֿטא, החֿטא id. ²
• Arabic خطأ do wrong, commit a mistake; II. make to miss the mark; IV. miss the mark, miss the way
• Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin

— חָטָא Perfect Exodus 32:31 + 29 times; 3 feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15, Lamentations 1:8; חָטָֽאָה Jeremiah 50:14, Ezekiel 16:15; חָטָאתָ Exodus 5:16 etc. + 82 times; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 (12 times), תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:20, Psalm 4:5 + 20 times; Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 (8 times), מֵחֲטוֺא Psalm 39:2, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28; Participle חוֺטֵא Proverbs 13:22 (6 times), חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4, חוֺטֶא Isaiah 65:20, suffix חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Samuel 14:33, feminine חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4, 20.

1. Qal - Meanings and Uses

a. miss

• לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24
• אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֺטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way)
• חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֺ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself
• miss, i.e. endanger one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 (according to Delitzsch⁵)

b. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty against man

• absolute Exodus 5:16 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 26:21, 2 Kings 18:14
• With לְ of person: Genesis 40:1 (Elohist Source), Judges 11:27, 1 Samuel 24:12
• מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee? Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• With בְּ: Genesis 42:22 (Elohist Source) do not sin against the lad

c. sin against God

• absolute Exodus 20:20 (Elohist Source), Exodus 9:34 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 7:11 (Deuteronomic Source), Leviticus 4:3, Job 1:5, 7:20, Psalm 4:5, Isaiah 43:27
• As adjective or noun (sinner): Isaiah 1:4, Ezekiel 18:4, Proverbs 11:31, Ecclesiastes 2:26
• Confession of sin (חָטָאנוּ): Numbers 14:40, Numbers 21:7 (Elohist Source), Judges 10:15, Psalm 106:6, Daniel 9:5
• Universality of sin: 1 Kings 8:46, Ecclesiastes 7:20
• With לְ against God: Genesis 39:9 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 32:33, Psalm 51:6
• With בְּ of instrument: with lips Job 2:10; with tongue Psalm 39:2; unwittingly (בשׁגגה) Leviticus 4:2 (Priests' Code)
• With cognate accusative חֲטָאָה: Exodus 32:30–31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

d. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit

• וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days
• With accusative חוֺטֵא נפשׁ forfeiting one's life Proverbs 20:2
• Of offerings incurred: Leviticus 5:7, Leviticus 5:11, Leviticus 5:16

2. Piʿel - Meanings and Uses

a. bear loss

• אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39 (Elohist Source) I bare the loss of it

b. make a sin-offering

• Leviticus 9:15, 6:19 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 29:36 (Priests' Code); 2 Chronicles 29:24

c. purify from sin

• Of the altar: Leviticus 8:15 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 43:20–23
• Of the sanctuary: Ezekiel 45:18

d. purify from uncleanness

• Of a house: Leviticus 14:49, 52 (Priests' Code)
• Of a person: Numbers 19:19 (Priests' Code); Psalm 51:9

3. Hiphʿil - Meanings and Uses

a. miss the mark

• קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss

b. induce or cause to sin

• Exodus 23:33 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Nehemiah 13:26
• The phrase החטיא את ישׂראל caused Israel to sin: 1 Kings 14:16, 15:26, 2 Kings 13:2, 17:21, etc.

c. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment

• מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation
• Deuteronomy 24:4; Ecclesiastes 5:5

4. Hithpaʿel - Meanings and Uses

a. miss oneself, lose oneself

• figurative be bewildered, beside oneself: מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves

b. purify oneself from uncleanness (Priests' Code)

• Of Levites: Numbers 8:21
• Of those in contact with the dead: Numbers 19:12–13, 20; Numbers 31:19–20, 23

¹ Heinrich Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen, p. 46 (Zim BP).

² D. H. Müller in Mordtmann & Müller, Sabäische Denkmäler (MV).

³ C. H. Cornill (Co).

⁴ J. Wellhausen, Die kleinen Propheten (We).

⁵ Franz Delitzsch (De).

Verb Qal infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἥμαρτεν ἐξήμαρτεν ἡμάρτομεν ἁμάρτῃ ἥμαρτον

LXX Usage Statistics

H2398:

ἥμαρτεν 25× (10.7%)

ἐξήμαρτεν 23× (9.7%)

ἡμάρτομεν 20× (8.5%)

ἁμάρτῃ 19× (8.1%)

ἥμαρτον 15× (6.3%)

ἡμάρτηκα 11× (4.7%)

ἡμάρτηκεν 6× (2.6%)

ἁμαρτήσονταί 5× (2.1%)

ἥμαρτόν 5× (2.1%)

--- 5× (2.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And thou, son of man, say to the sons of my people, The justice of the just shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression: and the injustice of the unjust, he shall not stumble in it in the day of his turning back from his injustice; and the just shall not be able to live in the day of his sinning.

LITV Translation:
And you, son of man, say to the sons of your people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his trespass. And the evil of the evil, in the day he turns from his wickedness, he shall not fall by it. And the righteous shall not be able to live by it in the day he sins.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Say to the children of thy people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him, in the day wherein he errs: and the iniquity of the ungodly shall not harm him, in the day wherein he turns from his iniquity, but the righteous erring shall not be able to deliver himself.