Ezekiel 32:6

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והשקיתי וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שקה

shâqâh

Definition

to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to; cause to (give, give to, let, make to) drink, drown, moisten, water. See שכר, שתה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8248

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Root שקה • Strongs / High • Page 1476

To drink (like the Hif. form); Aramaic שְׁקֵי is related to שָׁתָה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Page 697

to drink. In Kal not used. Hiph. to make to drink, to water; e. g. cattle, Gen. 24:46, a country, Gen. 2:6. Niph. Amos 8:8 Keth. Pu. to be watered, moistened. Job 21:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8248

[שָׁקָה] verb Hiph`il — cause to drink water, give to drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Hiph`il id.
• Arabic سقى (I. *give to drink*)
• Sabean סקי (*be irrigated*<sup>1</sup>), מסקי (*drinks*<sup>2</sup>), מסתקין (id.<sup>3</sup>)
• Ethiopic ሰቀየ (*water, irrigate*)
• Assyrian šaqû (I. = Hebrew Hiph`il)
• Aramaic שְׁקָא, Aph`el

— for Qal see שָׁתָה; — *Perfect* 3 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקָה Genesis 2:6 +; suffix וְהִשְׁקָהּ Numbers 5:27; 2 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Numbers 20:8 +; 1 singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ezekiel 32:6, etc.; *Imperfect* 3 masculine singular יַשְׁקֶה Numbers 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Genesis 29:10 +, etc.; *Imperative* masculine singular suffix הַשְׁקִ֫הוּ Proverbs 25:21; feminine singular suffix הַשְׁקֹ֫ינִי Genesis 24:43 +; *Infinitive construct* הַשְׁקוֺת Genesis 2:10 +, suffix הַשְׁקֹתוֺ Genesis 24:19; *Participle* מַשְׁקֶה Psalm 104:13, construct Habakkuk 2:15 (see also I., II. מַשְׁקֶה).

1. Water, irrigate (ground)

• Subject mist Genesis 2:6, river Genesis 2:10 (both Yahwist Source), spring Joel 4:18
• Subject יהוה Isaiah 27:3 (+ כֶּרֶם), Ezekiel 17:7 (+ גֶּפֶן), both in figure
• figurative also Ezekiel 32:6 water land מִדָּם
• Literal with מִן of source Psalm 104:13 (+ הָרִים)
• Subject man Ecclesiastes 2:6 (+ יַעַר)

2. Water, give drink to

a. Of animals

• Genesis 24:14, 46 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 29:2 (with מִן of source), Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10
• Exodus 2:16, 17, 19 (all Yahwist Source)
• Psalm 104:11 (subject springs)

b. Of persons

• Genesis 21:19 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:18, 19, 45 (Yahwist Source)
• Habakkuk 2:15 (figurative)
• Isaiah 43:20 (יהוה subject), Psalm 78:15 (id.)
• 2 Chronicles 28:15, with בְּ of vessel Esther 1:7
• With accusative of person and animal Numbers 20:8 (Priestly Code)

c. Double accusative (give one something to drink)

• Amos 2:12; Genesis 19:32, 33, 34, 35; Genesis 24:43 (all Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:19; 1 Samuel 30:11; 2 Samuel 23:15 = 1 Chronicles 11:15
• Job 22:7; compare Songs 8:2 (+ מִיַּיִן)
• figurative Jeremiah 8:14; 9:14; 16:7; 23:15; 25:15; Psalm 69:22
• Compare וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Psalm 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֺ בִּדְמָעוֺת Psalm 80:6

d. Accusative of thing omitted

• Literal Judges 4:19; Exodus 32:20 (Elohist Source)
• figurative Jeremiah 25:17

Pu`al

Imperfect 3 masculine singular וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֺתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Job 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered (refreshed, invigorated).

— נשׁקה Amos 8:8 see שׁקע.

¹ Fell, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), liv (1900), 246.

² Fritz Hommel, Chrestomathie, 124.

³ David Heinrich Müller, Hofmuseum, No. 1, l. 7.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐπότισεν ποτιῶ ποτιεῖ ποτίσαι ποτιεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8248:

ἐπότισεν 10× (13.7%)

ποτιῶ 6× (9.0%)

ποτιεῖ 5× (7.4%)

ποτίσαι 4× (5.8%)

ποτιεῖσ 4× (5.6%)

πότισόν 3× (4.7%)

ἐπότισαν 3× (4.5%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (3.6%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (3.3%)

ποτιοῦσιν 2× (3.2%)

ארץ אֶרֶץ

earthly one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

צפתך צָפָתְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צפה

tsâphâh

Definition

an inundation (as covering)

Root

from H6823 (צפה);

Exhaustive

from צפה; an inundation (as covering); [idiom] swimmest.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6824

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָפָה

i. • Strongs / High • Page 1241

Properly to be bright, shining, to lighten; hence metaphorically to look at, to view, to observe (as a watchman); to oversee; to view prophetically.

צָפָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1242

To look out, to view from a distance; to be a seer, prophet, scout, or watchman (on a watch tower); to look out for, select; to look sharply.

צָפָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1242

(II.) 1. To extend, to spread, a cloth, a carpet. 2. To cover over, overlay, with stone slabs or wooden tablets, with gold or silver.

צָפָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1242

What flows out, efflux, moisture; metaphorically, blood. Also taken as meaning inundating, fruitful, covered with slime, denoting Egypt.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָפָה

verb • Page 573

I. 1. to look about, particularly down from a height. 2. to observe narrowly. 3. to lie in wait. Cant. 7: 5. 1 Sam. 14: 16. Jer. 6: 17. Ezek. 3: 17. Hab. 2: 1. Prov. 15: 3. 31: 27. Ps. 66: 7. Gen. 31: 49. Ps. 37: 32. Job 15: 22.

צָפָה

verb • Page 573

II. to overlay, (with gold, silver,) constructed with two accus. Ex. 25: 24. 1 K. 6: 20 ff.

צָפָה

verb • Page 573

III. perhaps i. q. Arab. abundavit. they keep a watch, according to no. I. Is. 21: 5.

צָפָה

f. verbal • Root צוף • Page 573

swimming. Ezek. 32: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6824

צָפָה noun feminine — out-flow.

— suffix צָפָֽתְךָ Ezekiel 32:6 thine outflow (flowing blood), Co Bthl Toy Krae.

צוֺפַי = II. צוּף; צוֺפִים see צוּפִי above.

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6824:

No stats available

מדמך מִדָּמְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דם

dâm

Definition

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)

Root

from H1826 (דמם) (compare H119 (אדם));

Exhaustive

from דמם (compare אדם); blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood); blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), [phrase] innocent.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1818

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּם

noun masculine • Root דמה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 371

Blood, properly something viscous and flowing; can refer to the blood of animals or men, menstrual flux, life, blood-guiltiness, murder, or bloodshed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּם

m. prim. const. • Page 168

1. blood. (Gen. 9:5). Phrases: 'to eat (flesh) with the blood' (1 Sam. 14:32ff); 'innocent blood' (2 K. 21:16); 'blood of grapes' (red wine, Gen. 49:11). 2. bloodshed, murder, bloodguiltiness. (Gen. 37:26, Lev. 17:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1818

I. דָּם (approximate number of occurrences: 360) noun masculine — blood.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Arabic دم
• Ethiopic ደም
• Assyrian damu¹
• Aramaic דַּם, דְּמָא, ܕܡܐ

— דָּם absolute Genesis 37:22 (154 times); construct דַּם Genesis 9:6 (62 times); suffix דָּמִי 1 Samuel 26:20 (3 times); דָּֽמְךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 (Qr; Kt דמיך); דָּמוֹ Genesis 9:4 (30 times); plural דָּמִים Exodus 4:25 (35 times); construct דְּמֵי Genesis 4:10 (18 times); suffix דָּמֶיךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 (Kt); דְּמֵיהֶם Leviticus 20:11 etc.

1. Blood of man or animal

Identified with the life (נֶפֶשׁ):

• Genesis 9:4 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 12:23
• Leviticus 17:14 (Holiness Code)
• (+ נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִוא) Leviticus 17:11 (Holiness Code)
• Psalm 72:14

Blood of animals not to be eaten:

• Leviticus 3:17, 7:26–27 (Priests' Code)
• Leviticus 17:10, 12, 14, 19:26 (Holiness Code)
• 1 Samuel 14:32, 33, 34
• Ezekiel 33:25

2. Usually blood become visible

a. As from a wound

• הַמַּכָּה דָּם 1 Kings 22:35
• Licked by dogs 1 Kings 21:19
• From the nose Proverbs 30:33
• Bloody issue of a woman Leviticus 15:19, 12:4–5, 12:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of goat Genesis 37:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Often object of שָׁפַךְ, spill, shed

• Genesis 9:6 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 37:22 (Elohist Source)
• 1 Kings 2:31
• שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם a blood-shedder Ezekiel 18:10
• Psalm 79:3

c. Blood of slain

• דַּם חָלָל Deuteronomy 32:42
• 2 Samuel 1:22
• Numbers 23:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

d. Innocent blood (shed with injustice)

• דָּם נָקִי Deuteronomy 21:8, 9
• 1 Samuel 19:5
• 2 Kings 21:16
• דָּם נָקִיא Joel 4:19; Jonah 1:14

e. Avenger of blood (גֹּאֵל הַדָּם)

• Numbers 35:19, 21, 24 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 19:6, 12
• Joshua 20:3

f. Plural דָּמִים of abundance or stains

• Crying for vengeance Genesis 4:10, 11 (Jehovist Source)
• דְּמֵי ירושׁלם blood-stains of Jerusalem Isaiah 4:4
• Lie in wait for blood Proverbs 1:11

g. Guilt of bloodshed, blood-guiltiness

• Exodus 22:1
• Psalm 51:16
• בּוֺא בְדָמִים 1 Samuel 25:26, 33

h. In phrases denoting character

• חֲתַן דָּמִים bloody bridegroom Exodus 4:25–26
• אִישׁ דָּמִים bloody man 2 Samuel 16:8
• עִיר דָּמִים bloody city Nahum 3:1; Ezekiel 22:2

i. Responsibility for death

• דָּמָיו בּוֺ his blood is upon him Leviticus 20:9, 11, 13 (Holiness Code)
• דָּמוֺ בְּראֹשׁוֺ Joshua 2:19

j. Water turned into blood

• Exodus 4:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 7:19, 21 (Priests' Code)
• Moon into blood Joel 2:4; 3:3

3. Blood used with religious significance

a. Blood of Passover lamb and Covenant

• Exodus 12:7, 13 (Priests' Code)
• דַּם הַבְּרִית blood of the covenant Exodus 24:8 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Blood used in ritual

• Atonement Leviticus 17:11 (Holiness Code)
• Thrown on altar (זָרַק) Exodus 29:16; Leviticus 1:5; Ezekiel 43:18
• Sprinkled (הִזָּה) toward veil or holy of holies Leviticus 4:6, 16:14, 15
• Applied to horns of altar Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7

4. Figurative of wine

• דַּם עֲנָבִים blood of grapes Genesis 49:11; Deuteronomy 32:14

¹ Friedrich Norris, Assyrian Dictionary (London, 1868–72).

² Heinrich Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen (Leipzig, 1885).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (Edinburgh, 1889).

⁴ W. Robertson Smith, The Old Testament in the Jewish Church (2nd ed., London, 1892).

⁵ Variorum Bible, ed. T. K. Cheyne et al. (London, 1880–92).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: αἷμα αἵματοσ αἵματι αἵματα αἱμάτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1818:

αἷμα 181× (46.7%)

αἵματοσ 68× (16.2%)

αἵματι 23× (5.7%)

αἵματα 17× (4.2%)

αἱμάτων 16× (4.4%)

αὐτῆσ 12× (2.3%)

αἷμά 7× (1.7%)

αἵμασιν 7× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.7%)

ἔνοχοί 5× (1.5%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

ההרים הֶהָרים

the Mountains

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הר

har

Definition

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Root

a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);

Exhaustive

a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הַר

noun / masculine • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 411

1. a mountain, a hill. 2. Figuratively, a great power, kingdom, or obstacle. 3. A mountain-district or hill country.

הַר

noun • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 412

A mountain, height. The noun comes from a stem meaning to be high or elevated. It is used to refer to mountainous districts and in combination with place names.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַר

noun masculine • Page 192

a mountain, often a chain of mountains, mountainous country (Gen. 14:10). Plural: הָרִים.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2022

[הוֺר], assumed by Thesaurus¹ and others as ancient form for הַר mountain, to explain הוֺרַי Genesis 49:26, read הוֺרֵי־עַד; but better הַרֲרֵי־עַד everlasting mountains, see הַר below הרר.

I. הַר (approximate number of occurrences: 558) noun masculine — mountain, hill, hill-country.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew הָרִים, הֲרָרִים
• Phoenician הר
• Sabean suffix הרתהמו²

— הַר absolute Joshua 17:18 +; with article הָהָר Exodus 3:12 +; with locative הֶ֫רָה Genesis 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה Genesis 12:8 (12 times); construct הַר Genesis 10:30 +; suffix הַרֲרִי Psalm 30:8, הֲרָרִי Jeremiah 17:3, הַרְכֶם Psalm 11:1, הַרֲרָם Genesis 14:6; plural הָרִים Deuteronomy 11:11 +; with article הֶהָרִים Genesis 7:19 +; construct הָרֵי Genesis 8:4 (27 times); הַרֲרֵי Deuteronomy 33:15 (8 times, all poetry); suffix הָרַי Isaiah 14:25, Isaiah 49:11, Zechariah 14:5 + Ezekiel 38:21, הָרָ֑י Isaiah 65:9; הָרָיו Ezekiel 35:8, Malachi 1:3; הֲרָרֶיהָ Deuteronomy 8:9.

1. Mountain, hill

a. Specifically mountain, high elevation

• הַר סִינַי Mount Sinai: Exodus 19:11, 18, 20, 23; Exodus 24:16; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:2, 4, 29, 32; Leviticus 7:38; Leviticus 25:1; Leviticus 26:46; Leviticus 27:34; Numbers 3:1; Numbers 28:6; Nehemiah 9:13.
• הַר חוֺרֵב Mount Horeb: Exodus 33:6; Exodus 3:1; 1 Kings 19:8; Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:4; Deuteronomy 9:9.
• הֹר הָהָר Mount Hor: Numbers 20:22; Deuteronomy 32:50.
• הַר נְבוֺ Mount Nebo: Deuteronomy 32:49; Deuteronomy 34:1.
• הַר גְּרִזִּים Mount Gerizim: Deuteronomy 11:29; Deuteronomy 27:12; Judges 9:7.
• הַר עֵיבָל Mount Ebal: Deuteronomy 11:29; Deuteronomy 27:4; Joshua 8:30.
• הַר חֶרְמוֺן Mount Hermon: Deuteronomy 3:8; Joshua 11:17; 1 Chronicles 5:23.
• הַר הַכַּרְמֶל Mount Carmel: 1 Kings 18:19; 2 Kings 2:25; 2 Kings 4:25.
• הַר הַזֵּיתִים Mount of Olives: Zechariah 14:4; Ezekiel 11:23.
• הַר צִיּוֺן Mount Zion: Isaiah 4:5; Isaiah 8:18; Micah 4:7; Psalm 48:3.

b. Mountain-range

• הַר בָּשָׁן Mount Bashan: Psalm 68:16.

c. Indefinite mountains (often figurative or in creation context)

• Covered by flood: Genesis 7:19–20; Genesis 8:5.
• Work of God in creation: Amos 4:13; Psalm 65:7; Proverbs 8:25.
• Melting at presence of Yahweh: Judges 5:5; Micah 1:4; Psalm 97:5.

d. High mountain (as symbol of strength)

• הַר גָּבֹהַּ: Isaiah 30:25; Ezekiel 40:2.

e. Opposite valley or plain

• Joshua 12:8; Genesis 19:17 (opposite כִּכָּר).

f. As hiding-places or place of cattle

• Hiding places: Judges 6:2; Jeremiah 16:16.
• Grazing: Psalm 50:10; Job 39:8.

2. Hill-country, mountain-region

a. In general (opposed to plain, etc.)

• Numbers 13:17, 29 (Promised Land).
• Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 11:2; Joshua 12:8.

b. Of a particular mountain-region

• הַר הָאֱמֹרִי (Amorites): Deuteronomy 1:7, 19.
• הַר אֶפְרַיִם (Ephraim): Joshua 17:15; Judges 3:27; 1 Samuel 1:1; Jeremiah 31:6.
• הָרֵי יְהוּדָה (Judah): Joshua 11:21; Joshua 15:48.
• הָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (Israel): Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 34:13.

¹ Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti (1829–1858).

² David Heinrich Müller, Sabean Inscriptions, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1876.

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

⁴ Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? (Pa), 1881; Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ὄροσ ὄρουσ ὄρει ὄρη ὀρέων

LXX Usage Statistics

H2022:

ὄροσ 157× (27.0%)

ὄρουσ 100× (17.5%)

ὄρει 92× (14.0%)

ὄρη 79× (14.2%)

ὀρέων 46× (8.1%)

ὄρεσιν 14× (2.2%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

ὀρεινὴν 7× (1.0%)

pεἰσ 6× (1.2%)

ὀρέων 5× (0.8%)

ואפקים וַאֲפִקים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אפיק

ʼâphîyq

Definition

properly, containing, i.e. a tube; also a bed or valley of astream; also a strong thing or a hero

Root

from H622 (אסף);

Exhaustive

from אסף; properly, containing, i.e. a tube; also a bed or valley of astream; also a strong thing or a hero; brook, channel, mighty, river, [phrase] scale, stream, strong piece.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H650

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָפִיק

noun masculine • Root אפק • Strongs_Numbers • Page 174

1. Properly adject.: strong, powerful, firm; then substantively: a strong, powerful one, a hero. 2. Prop. sunk, deep, hence ground (of a valley), depth, bed, cleft. 3. Torrent, a flowing wood- or valley-brook.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָפִיק

m. verbal adj. • Root אפק • Page 66

strong. (Job 12: 21; Ps. 41: 7). Refers to strong shields or scales of a crocodile.

אָפִיק

noun • Page 66

1. valley, dale (Ezek. 6: 3; 34: 13); 2. brook (Ps. 126: 4; Joel 1: 20); 3. bed or channel of a river (Is. 8: 7; Ezek. 32: 6); 4. perhaps canal, pipe (Job 40: 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H650

I. אֲפִּיק noun masculine 2 Samuel 22:16 — channel (as holding, confining waters; in poetry).

— אֲפִּיק construct Job 6:15; plural אֲפִּיקִים Ezekiel 6:3 +; אֲפִּיקִים Ezekiel 32:6; construct plural אֲפִּיקֵי Joel 1:20 +; suffix אֲפִּיקֶיךָ Ezekiel 35:8; אֲפִּיקָיו Isaiah 8:7.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Channel as stream-bed, ravine, wady

• מַיִּם אֲפִּיק Psalm 42:2
• Joel 1:20; compare Joel 4:18; Song of Solomon 5:12
• Psalm 18:16, but better יָם אֲפִּיק 2 Samuel 22:16
• נְחָלִים אֲפִּיק Job 6:15
• Of river-bed Isaiah 8:7
• So also (without defining word) Ezekiel 31:12; Ezekiel 32:6; Ezekiel 34:13; Psalm 126:4
• גַּיְא אֲפִּיק Ezekiel 6:3; Ezekiel 35:8; Ezekiel 36:4, 6

b. Figurative uses

• Of bones of hippopotamus (as hollow) נְחֻשָּׁה אֲפִּיק Job 40:18
• Of furrows between scales of crocodile מָגִנִּים אֲפִּיק Job 41:7

— מְזִיָּה אֲפִּיקִים Job 12:21 is dubious; read perhaps אֲבִּירִים Du (see also Bu). Thes MV Di and others say girdle of the strong (אֲפִּיק = firm forceful, or — Di — capable, powerful); נְדָבִים.

¹ Du: D. H. Müller.

² Bu: K. Budde.

³ Thes: W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae.

⁴ MV: Gesenius, Handwörterbuch edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck.

⁵ Di: A. Dillmann.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0650:

No stats available

ימלאון יִמָּלְאוּן

their inner selves are being to fill

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלא

mâlêʼ

Definition

to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)

Root

or מלא; (Esther 7:5), a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or מלא; (Esther 7:5), a primitive root; to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively); accomplish, confirm, [phrase] consecrate, be at an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, [idiom] draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-) flow, fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume, replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-) full, [phrase] have wholly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4390

נ

Definition

paragogic

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9013

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָלֵא

verb • Root מלא • Strongs / High • Page 851

To be full, to become full, to exist in richness, abundance, extent, strength; to be satisfied; to be completed, to be over, to be ended; to fill a thing, to occupy it.

מָלֵא

adjective • Root מלא • Strongs / High • Page 851

full.

מָלֵא

adjective / masculine • Root מלא • Strongs / High • Page 852

full; filled with; figuratively, having or possessing in abundance; strong, vehement; rich; aged; abundant; pregnant.

מָלֵא

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 853

See מְלֵא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָלֵא

verb • Root מלא • Page 375

1. intrans. to be or become full. Josh. 3:15, Gen. 6:13, Judg. 16:27, Job 32:18, Ps. 10:7. Used also (1.) of time, to be fulfilled or completed.

מָלֵא

verb • Root מלא • Page 376

To be full or fulfilled. Examples: her time was fulfilled (Gen. 25:24); for my time is completed (Jer. 29:21); of a desire, to be fulfilled or satisfied (Ex. 15:9). Also transitively: to fill, to make full (Gen. 1:22, Ex. 40:34). Intransitively: to come to an end, to perish (Job 15:32).

מָלֵא

verb • Root מלא • Page 377

3. to satisfy desire, hunger, or the like (Job 38:39, Prov. 6:30). 4. to fulfil a petition (Ps. 20:6), a promise (1 K. 8:15), or a prophecy (1 K. 2:27). 5. to make complete in number (Ex. 23:26, 1 K. 1:14). 6. 'to fill the hand'—to transmit the office of priest (Ex. 28:41). 7. 'to fill one's hand for Jehovah'—to give liberally (1 Chr. 29:5). 8. to set or enchase precious stones (Ex. 28:17). 9. 'to fill one's hand with the bow'—to take the bow into hand (2 K. 9:24). 10. used adverbially for 'fully' (Jer. 4:5). Includes Piel, Pu., and Hithpa. (to assemble in full number).

מָלֵא

verb • Root מלא • Page 377

Full. 1. intrans. 'full price' (Gen. 23:9), 'houses full of every good thing' (Deut. 6:11). As a neuter: 'fullness' (Ps. 73:10). 2. trans. 'filling' (Is. 6:1, Jer. 23:24).

מִלֵּא

verb • Root מלא • Page 376

1. To fill. Spoken of a person filling, and construed with a double accusative (Ex. 28:3, Ps. 107:9, Is. 33:5). 2. To fulfil, complete, or pass a certain time (Gen. 29:27, Job 39:2). Also causative: to cause to pass or be completed (Dan. 9:2). Rarely spelled מִלָּא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4390

I. מָלֵא (approximate number of occurrences: 249) verb — be full, fill.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Zinjirli מלא (Pi`el transitive)
• Assyrian malû
• Arabic ملأ
• Ethiopic መልአ
• Aramaic מְלָא
• Sabean מלא

— מָלֵא Perfect Exodus 40:34 +; suffix מְלַאוֺ Esther 7:5; מָלֵאתָ Job 36:17; מָלֵאתִי Micah 3:8; plural מָֽלְאוּ Genesis 29:21 +; Imperfect יִמְלְאוּ Genesis 50:3; Imperative מִלְאוּ Genesis 1:22; Infinitive construct מְלֹאת Leviticus 8:33; Participle מָלֵא Jeremiah 23:24.

1. Qal: be full

a. Literally

• Subject houses: Exodus 8:17, Exodus 10:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Subject winepress: Joel 4:13
• Subject vessel: 2 Kings 4:6

b. Figurative

• Earth full of violence: Genesis 6:13 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Earth full of glory: Habakkuk 3:3
• Subject נֶפֶשׁ (desire) be satisfied: Exodus 15:9
• Heart set to do evil: Ecclesiastes 8:11

c. Of time: be full, accomplished, ended

• Genesis 25:24; Genesis 29:21 (Jehovist-Elohist Sources)
• Leviticus 12:4–6 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Jeremiah 25:12

2. Niphal: be filled

— Perfect נִמְלָא Song of Solomon 5:2; Imperfect יִמָּלֵא 2 Samuel 23:7.

• Land filled with people: Exodus 1:7
• House with smoke: Isaiah 6:4
• Figurative earth filled with glory: Numbers 14:21
• Be armed (filled with weapon): 2 Samuel 23:7

3. Piel: fill, fulfill

— Perfect מִלֵּא Exodus 35:35; Imperfect יְמַלֵּא Leviticus 8:33; Imperative מַלֵּא Genesis 29:27.

a. Fill (literal and figurative)

• Fill jars with water: 1 Kings 18:34
• Fill with spirit: Exodus 28:3
• Fill land with sin: Jeremiah 16:18

b. Special uses

• Consecrate (fill the hand): Exodus 28:41; Judges 17:5
• Wholly follow (fill after): Numbers 14:24; Joshua 14:8
• Set jewels: Exodus 28:17
• Fulfil promise or word: 1 Kings 8:15

¹ DHM: David Heinrich Müller, Sendschriften 60.

² Dl: Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB 409).

³ Co: Carl Heinrich Cornill.

⁴ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht.

Aramaic

I. מְלָא verb — fill (Biblical Hebrew מָלֵא).

1. Peal: be filled
   • מְלַאת Daniel 2:35
2. Hithpeel: was filled (with rage)
   • הִתְמְלִי Daniel 3:19

Verb Niphal imperfect third person masculine plural, Suffix paragogic nun

LXX: ἐπλήσθη ἔπλησεν πλήρησ ἐνεπλήσθη ἔπλησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H4390:

ἐπλήσθη 18× (6.9%)

ἔπλησεν 15× (5.7%)

πλήρησ 13× (5.2%)

ἐνεπλήσθη 9× (3.6%)

ἔπλησαν 9× (3.4%)

ἐνέπλησεν 9× (3.4%)

πληρωθῶσιν 6× (2.4%)

πληρωθήσεται 5× (2.0%)

πλησθήσεται 5× (2.0%)

--- 5× (2.0%)

ממך מִמֶּךָּ׃

from out of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מן

min

Definition

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Root

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for H4482 (מן);

Exhaustive

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for מן; properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses; above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4480

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִן

m. / preposition • Root מנן • Strongs / High • Page 865

A part, portion. Also used as a preposition: from, of, out of.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 866

A preposition with the primary meaning 'from'. It denotes separation, removal from an object, motion from a thing in space and time, origin, or a part taken from a whole. Its meanings include 'from', 'out of', 'away from', and it is used to indicate source material, descent, and in comparisons ('than').

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 867

A preposition primarily meaning 'from' or 'out of'. Its various uses include indicating: source or origin (from, by); cause or means (through, by); separation, removal, or avoidance (away from, without); and forming the comparative degree with adjectives and verbs, equivalent to 'than' (e.g., better than, wiser than). It can also denote preference (more than, instead of).

מִן

preposition • Root מן • Strongs / High • Page 868

A preposition primarily signifying separation, 'from' or 'out of'. Its uses include: denoting removal from a place, origin, or cause; in comparisons, meaning 'than'; in a partitive sense, meaning 'some of', 'one of', or 'a part of'; and in a temporal sense, meaning 'from' or 'since' a particular time. It also appears in negative formulas like 'of nothing' or 'not any one'.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 869

A primary preposition with a wide range of meanings including: from, out of, away from (separation); since, after (temporal); because of, on account of (causal); used in a negative sense 'that not', especially with verbs of hindering or preventing.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 870

A preposition primarily meaning 'from,' denoting source, separation, or position. It can express concepts such as 'from the opposite side,' 'from below,' 'from above,' 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'from under.'

מִן

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 870

Aramaic preposition, same as the Hebrew מִן. 1. from, denoting the source whence a thing comes or the cause by which. 2. expressing intensity or increase, meaning 'above' or 'more than'. 3. used in a partitive sense.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִן

unknown • Root מן • Page 350

Out of, from. See the full form מִן.

מִן

m. plur. מִנִּים • Page 383

a string. Ps. 150:4. Perhaps also Ps. 45:9 מִנִּי as an uncommon plural form.

מִן

prefix • Root מנן , • Page 383

1. from (denoting a part). Hence: from the womb (Judg. 16:17); on this side of (1 Sam. 20:21). Often partitive: 'some of' (Lev. 5:9). 2. of, out of (Ps. 45:14). 3. at, in, on, by, in specifications of time and place. 4. on account of, concerning, de (Lev. 6:11 [6:18]).

מִן

preposition • Page 384

A preposition with multiple uses on this page including: 5. towards, to (Gen. 13:11, Judg. 7:1); 6. against (Dan. 11:3, Deut. 33:7); 7. before, in presence of (Nah. 1:5, Num. 32:22); 8. more than (comparative) (Judg. 2:19, Jer. 5:3); 9. by, through (expressing cause) (Job 7:14, Cant. 3:10, Ecc. 12:11); 10. without (Job 11:15, 21:9); 11. before an infinitive expressing 'because', 'since', or 'so that... not' (Deut. 7:8, 2 Chr. 31:10, Gen. 27:1, Ex. 14:5); 12. before a future as a conjunction 'that not', 'lest' (Deut. 33:11); 13. [cut off] from being (Jer. 2:25, 48:2).

מַן

chald. pron. • Page 383

1. who? what? Ezra 5:3, 9. Dan. 3:15. 2. מַן־דִּי whosoever, quicunque. Dan. 3:6, 11. 4:14. [4:17.]

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4480

I. מִן (also מִּ, מִי, מֵ) preposition — out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מ
• Aramaic מִן
• Arabic مِنْ
• Ethiopic እም
• Sabean בן

— מִן before יְ (except Daniel 12:2; 2 Chronicles 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי); before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges^{§ 102, l R.}; more fully Kö^{ii. 291ff}); in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the Genitive (Ges^{§ 90.3a}) Judges 5:14, Isaiah 46:3, Psalm 44:11 +; and מִנֵּי (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isaiah 30:11; suffix 1 singular מִמֶּנִּי, in poetry מִנִּי Isaiah 22:4, מֶ֫נִּי Psalm 18:23; 2 masculine singular מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ; 2 feminine singular מִמֵּךְ; 3 masculine singular מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (מֶ֫נְהוּ Job 4:12); 3 feminine singular מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ; 2 masculine plural מִכֶּם; 3 masculine plural מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jeremiah 10:2; 3 feminine plural מֵהֵ֫נָּה, מֵהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. With verbs expressing separation or removal

Whether from a person, place, or direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.:

a. Local separation and motion

• Exodus 19:14 (descend from a mountain)
• Deuteronomy 22:8 (fall from a roof)
• Isaiah 14:12 (from heaven)
• Joshua 10:7 (go up from a valley)
• With ברח (+ מפני) or חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ Exodus 14:2 (desist from us)
• figurative Psalm 18:22 (+ מאלהי) not did wickedly (turning) from my God
• Judges 7:17 ye shall see from me, i.e. learn by observing me

b. Away from, far from

• Proverbs 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife
• Numbers 15:24 away from the eyes of the congregation
• Job 19:26 מִבְּשָׂרִי (probably) without my flesh shall I see God
• Jeremiah 48:45 without strength

c. Position: off, on the side of, on

• Genesis 2:8 מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east
• Joshua 11:3 מִצָּפוֺן on the north
• Psalm 91:7 מִימִינֶ֑ךָ on thy right
• Genesis 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards

2. Out of (Greek ἐκ, Latin ex)

a. Of proceeding, expelling, or looking out of

• Genesis 3:23 (שִׁלַּח)
• Exodus 2:10 (draw out of water)
• Songs 2:9 look out מִן הַחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows
• Exodus 19:5 סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל הָעַמִּים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples

b. Of the material out of which anything is formed

• Genesis 2:19 form מִן הָאֲדָמָה out of the soil
• Hosea 13:2 make images מִכַּסְמָּם
• Isaiah 40:17 מֵאַיִן as made of nought

c. Of source or origin

• Job 1:21 מִבֶּטֶן coming forth from the womb
• Judges 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Bethlehem
• Numbers 16:28 לֹא מִלִּבִּי not from my own heart (self-devised)

d. Of the source or author of an action

• 1 Samuel 24:14 from the wicked proceedeth wickedness
• Genesis 24:50 the thing proceedeth from יהוה

e. Immediate or efficient cause

• Genesis 19:36 הָֽרְתָה מִן pregnant by
• Isaiah 6:4 shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא at the voice of him that cried
• Job 4:9 at the breath of God
• Psalm 27:1 (מָּחַד) fear of

f. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground

• Exodus 2:23 sighed מִן הָעֲבֹדָה on account of the bondage
• Isaiah 53:5 wounded מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions
• Genesis 16:10 מֵרֹב for abundance

3. Partitively

a. One or some out of many

• Genesis 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of all
• 1 Samuel 14:39 אֵין מִן there is not any

b. Indefinite: some of

• Exodus 16:27 there went out (some) of the people
• Genesis 4:3 brought of the fruit of the ground
• 1 Samuel 14:45 a single hair of his head

4. Of time

a. Terminus a quo: from, since

• Deuteronomy 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my knowing you
• Judges 13:5 מִן הַבֶּטֶן from the womb
• Jeremiah 3:4 מֵעַתָּה henceforth

b. Marking the period succeeding the limit: after

• Genesis 38:24 after about three months
• Joshua 23:1 מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days
• Genesis 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים after (at the end of) days

5. From ... to (even to)

• Genesis 10:19; Genesis 15:18 (מִן ... עַד)
• figurative Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן both young and old
• Exodus 11:5 both man and beast
• Numbers 30:15 מִיּוֺם אֶל יוֺם from day to day

6. In comparisons (beyond, above, than)

a. Compared with another distinct object

• Judges 14:18 sweeter than honey
• Ezekiel 28:3 wiser than Daniel
• Genesis 29:10 better... than

b. Compared with a group: out of, above all

• Genesis 3:1 subtil above all beasts
• Judges 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women

c. Too much for: surpassing powers

• Genesis 18:14 too hard for יהוה
• Genesis 4:13 greater than I can bear
• 1 Kings 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל too great to contain

7. Prefixed to an infinitive

• a. Causal force: Deuteronomy 7:7 because J. loved you
• b. Negative consequence (restraint): Genesis 16:2 מִלֶּדֶת from bearing; Genesis 27:1 מֵרְאֹת so that he could not see; 1 Samuel 15:23 מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king.
• c. Temporal force: Numbers 24:23 after God's establishing him.

8. As a conjunction

Deuteronomy 33:11 מִן יְקוּמוּן that they rise not again.

9. In compounds

מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מֵעַל, מִתַּחַת; especially לְמִן (with pleonastic לְ) Deuteronomy 4:32; Judges 20:1.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² Ed. König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Zerweck, Die Hebräische Präposition Min (1894).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπὸ ἐκ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4480a:

ἀπὸ 252× (23.4%)

ἐκ 244× (22.7%)

ἀπ' 136× (12.6%)

ἐμοῦ 65× (5.0%)

'' 43× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 42× (3.3%)

--- 32× (3.0%)

ἀφ' 17× (1.6%)

παρὰ 16× (1.5%)

παρ' 14× (1.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And I watered the earth with thine inundation from thy blood, to the mountains; and the rivers shall be full from thee.

LITV Translation:
And I will also make the land drink your discharge of your blood, to the mountains, and the ravines shall be full of you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the land shall be drenched with thy dung, because of thy multitude upon the mountains: I will fill the valleys with thee.