Ezekiel 32:26

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

שם שָׁם

there/name/he set

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שם

shâm

Definition

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Root

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, H834 (אשר));

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, אשר); there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence; in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign, a memorial, a token, a mark, and therefore a name. (Includes usage regarding calling or inscribing a name).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Metaphor: The internal essence as outwardly revealed and known as operative; hence of God (the Divine Essence, Presence, Protection, or Power).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Fame, renown, fama, an honourable name. Also used to denote a good name, sweet scent (assonance), bad reputation, or posterity (name after death).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Proper noun: The oldest son of Noah (Gen. 5, 32), progenitor of the Semites.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׂם

verb (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1398

Same as Hebrew שׂוּם: to issue, to set forth, to give a name, to take consideration.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign (comp. the Ar.)

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

Sem, the eldest son of Noah, progenitor of the Semite peoples and territory.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

A name; fame, renown. Used along with אֱלָהּ in the Targ.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁם

adverb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1441

1. Of place: there, ibi, tum; there where. 2. Of time: then, at that time. 3. Of a thing: thence, from the place/time/thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁם

m. constr. • Page 683

1. a name; a celebrated name, celebrity, renown. Gen. 6: 4, Num. 16: 2. 2. a rumour, report. Deut. 22: 14. 3. the name of Jehovah, particularly his praise or glory. Ps. 79: 9, Is. 48: 9.

שָׁם

adverb • Page 683

1. there. 2. thither (i.q. שָׁמָּה). 3. then (spoken of time). 4. thither/whither (with paragagic ה). Gen. 13: 3, 1 Sam. 2: 14, Ps. 14: 5, Gen. 19: 20.

שֻׁם

m. chald. • Page 684

A name. References: Dan. 4:5 [4:8]; Ezra 5:1. With suffix שֻׁמֵּהּ (from שֵׁם) Dan. 2:20, 26; 4:5 [4:8]; 5:12. Ezra 5:14: 'and they were given to Sheshbazzar, as his name was'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8033

I. שָׁם adverb — there, thither.

Cognates:

• Arabic ثَمَّ (there), compare ثُمَّ (then)
• Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה
• Egyptian Aramaic תמה
• Targum תַּמָּן
• Syriac ܬܡܢ
• Zenjirli¹ שם

1. Meanings and Uses

a. there

• Genesis 2:8, 12
• Genesis 11:2, 7, 31 + often
• Placed early in sentence for emphasis: Micah 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nahum 3:15; Ezekiel 32:22, 24; Psalm 104:26 +
• With conjunction: וְשָׁם Genesis 41:12; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 13:22, 33 +
• Repeated: שָׁם ... וְשָׁם Exodus 15:25; Deuteronomy 12:14; Isaiah 27:10; Job 3:17 +
• With הִנֵּה: וְהִנֵּה שָׁם Genesis 29:2
• With כִּי: כִּי שָׁם Genesis 11:9; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 35:7; 2 Samuel 1:21; 2 Samuel 15:21 +
• Resuming "where": Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judges 5:27; Jeremiah 22:12; Ecclesiastes 11:3, compare 1:7
• Repeated שָׁם ... שָׁם (here ... there): Isaiah 28:10, 13

In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination: Psalm 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Psalm 36:13, compare Psalm 48:7; 66:6; 132:17; Hosea 6:7; Zephaniah 1:14. — Habakkuk 3:4 read probably (Wellhausen³) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ecclesiastes 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan: but read perhaps שָׂם (Hitzig, Delitzsch⁴).

b. preceded by the relative

אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where:

• Genesis 2:11; Exodus 20:21; 1 Samuel 9:10 +, usually with words between, Genesis 13:3, 14; 19:27; Exodus 29:42; 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 23:27 +
• After בַּאֲשֶׁר: בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Genesis 21:17
• With אשׁר omitted (indicated by construct²): Ezekiel 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Cornill⁵ and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion

(= שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3):

• Deuteronomy 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judges 19:15; 21:10; 1 Samuel 2:14; 9:6
• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁם whither: 1 Kings 18:10; 21:18; 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16; Isaiah 20:6; more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel: Jeremiah 8:3; 22:27; 23:3, 8; 45:5 +; Ezekiel 4:13; 12:16; 36:20, 22 +
• With שֶׁ: שֶׁשָּׁם Psalm 122:4

3. with locative, שָׁ֫מָּה

a. after verbs of motion, thither

• Genesis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, Genesis 19:22; 20:13; 24:6; 29:3; Deuteronomy 1:38 + often
• = into it, therein (of a basket, etc.): Exodus 16:33, 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, 30:18; Judges 8:25; 2 Kings 12:10
• Pregnantly, after verb implying motion: to bury, Genesis 23:13, 25:10; 49:31; 50:5 (all Priests' Code); to meet Exodus 29:42, 43; 30:6, 36; Numbers 17:19 (all Priests' Code); Joshua 2:16; 7:3; Jeremiah 13:7; Joel 4:7; Songs 8:5 (?)

b. whither / where

• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁ֫מָּה whither Genesis 20:13; Numbers 33:54; Deuteronomy 4:5, 14 + often
• where 2 Kings 23:8; 1 Chronicles 4:41

c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there

• Genesis 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה
• Joshua 2:1; Judges 16:27; 2 Kings 4:11; 9:16; Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 22:18; 34:15; 65:9; Jeremiah 18:2; 27:22
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 23:3; 32:29, 30; 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י
• Psalm 76:4; 122:5; Ecclesiastes 3:16

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence

a. after verbs of departing, taking, etc.

• Genesis 2:10; Genesis 11:8, 9; 12:8; 18:16; 24:7; 42:2, etc.
• Numbers 13:23; 21:12; 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם
• Deuteronomy 4:29; 30:4; Jeremiah 37:12; Hosea 2:17; Amos 9:2, 3, 4; Job 39:29 +
• Peculiarly, Genesis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר ׳: (Gesenius) from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel; (Ewald, Dillmann⁸) from there (where is) the Shepherd of the stone of Israel; but text dubious; Gunkel⁹ reads by the name (מִשֵּׁם).

b. whence

• אֲשֶׁר ... מִשָּׁם Genesis 24:5; Numbers 23:13 +

c. expressing origin

• Genesis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם
• Genesis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came the Philistines
• Judges 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1 Samuel 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isaiah 65:20

d. of the mass from which something is taken

• Genesis 27:9; 30:32
• Leviticus 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו ׳ (from the meal of a מנחה)
• 1 Kings 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה
• 2 Kings 7:2, 19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹ˜כל׃; Ezekiel 5:3

¹ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (1903), p. 159.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 130 c, d.

³ Julius Wellhausen (We).

⁴ Ferdinand Hitzig (Hi), Franz Delitzsch (De).

⁵ C. H. Cornill (Co), C. von Orelli (Or).

⁶ Septuagint (LXX).

⁷ Targum.

⁸ Heinrich Ewald (Ew), August Dillmann (Di), Bernhard Stade (Sta).

⁹ Hermann Gunkel.

Adverb

LXX: ἐκεῖ ἐκεῖθεν --- '' ὄνομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8033:

ἐκεῖ 553× (68.1%)

ἐκεῖθεν 109× (13.4%)

--- 44× (5.5%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ὄνομα 13× (1.4%)

οὗ 10× (1.2%)

ἐπικληθῆναι 8× (1.0%)

ἦν 6× (0.6%)

ἔτι 4× (0.5%)

ἧσ 3× (0.3%)

משך מֶשֶׁךְ

Draw ("Meshek")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משך

Meshek

Definition

Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from him

Root

the same in form as H4901 (משך), but probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

the same in form as משך, but probably of foreign derivation; Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from him; Mesech, Meshech.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4902

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶ֫שֶׁךְ

noun masculine • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

1. a drawing out, of seed, i.e. what is sown along the furrows. 2. possession. 3. proper name of a son of Japhet, then of a Japhetic race (Meshech). 4. proper name of a branch of the Massaeans.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 918

1. (transitive) to extend, draw, stretch at length; to draw in, out, after, or to; to lead. 2. (intransitive) to draw forth, draw out (in extended marches). Used in many idiomatic phrases, such as to draw a bow, blow a trumpet continuously, or prolong favor.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

to be long protracted, to be unfulfilled; to be extended, to be tall.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

1. to take, to hold, to lay hold of; to hold fast, to preserve; to hold, i.e. to lead; to possess. 2. (not used) to make fast, to fetter, to bind.

Matched via consonantal key only

מֹשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 918

(Pual of משך) to be drawn out, extended (inferred from its listed participles מְמֻשָּׁךְ, מְמֻשָּׁכָה).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶשֶׁךְ

noun masculine • Root משך • Page 413

1. possession (Job 28:18). 2. the drawing out of seed, i.e. the scattering of it along (Ps. 126:6). 3. Moschians, the proper name of a nation inhabiting the Moschian mountains (Ps. 120:5; Gen. 10:2; Ezek. 27:13).

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Page 413

1. to seize, take (Ex. 12:21). 2. to hold, to hold fast (Judg. 5:14). 3. to draw (Judg. 4:7); to blow the jubilee horn (Josh. 6:5); to bend or stretch the bow (1 K. 22:34); to draw out seed, i.e. sow it (Am. 9:13); to stretch out the hand (Hos. 7:5). 4. to take or snatch away (Ps. 28:3). 5. to draw out, extend, prolong (Neh. 9:30; Ps. 36:11; Jer. 31:3). 6. to make durable, to strengthen (Ecc. 2:3). 7. to spread out (Judg. 4:6; Judg. 20:37).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4902

II. מֶ֫שֶׁךְ proper name, of a people — the Moschi.

Cognates:

• Greek Μοσχοι
• Assyrian Mušku, Muški^{1, 2}
• Sabean משך

— מֶ֫שֶׁךְ 'son' of Japheth Genesis 10:2 (Priests' Code), between תֻּבָל and תִּירָס, = 1 Chronicles 1:5; also, מֶ֑שֶׁךְ, probably error, 1 Chronicles 1:17 (see מַשׁ); מֶ֑שֶׁךְ Psalm 120:5 (parallel with קֵדָר; here without תֻּבָל).

1. Associated with Tubal

• תּוּבַל וּמֶ֫שֶׁךְ Ezekiel 27:13
• Ezekiel 32:26 (+ תֻּבָל)
• Ezekiel 38:2 (+ תֻּבָל)
• גּוֺג נְשִׂיא ראֹשׁ מֶשֶׁךְ וְתֻבָ֑ל Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1

2. Other Versions and Identification

So also ᵐ5 Isaiah 66:19 (see above מָשַׁךְ 2). ᵐ5 Μοσοχ (Μεσοχ), Samaritan מושׁ(י)ך.

On identification compare Bochart; in Assyrian times they dwelt in west (or northwest) Armenia; in Persian times apparently farther northeast (southeast of Euxine Sea), compare Μοσχοι καὶ Τיβαρηνοι Herodotus³; also Dillmann⁴ and Cheyne⁵.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? (1881), p. 250.

² Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT), on Genesis 10:2.

³ Herodotus, Histories, iii. 94; vii. 78.

⁴ August Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis 10:2.

⁵ T.K. Cheyne, Encyclopaedia Biblica, Article on Geography (Biblical).

⁶ Priests' Code (Source).

Noun proper name

LXX: μοσοχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4902:

μοσοχ 6× (77.5%)

תבל תֻּבַל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תובל

Tûwbal

Definition

Tubal, a postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity

Root

or תבל; probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

or תבל; probably of foreign derivation; Tubal, a postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity; Tubal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8422

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוּבַל

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1501

n. p. (also חֶבֶל) of a people constantly united with מֶשֶׁךְ, forming the Japhetic group of nations (Gen. 10, 2). Identified with the Tibarenes/Iberians.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תּוּבַל

proper name • Page 708

The Tibarenes, a people of Asia Minor (Gen. 10:2; Is. 66:19; Ezek. 27:13; 32:26; 38:2, 3; 39:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8422

I. תּוּבַל (approximate number of occurrences: 8) proper name, of a territory and people — in east Asia Minor, perhaps nearly = Cappadocia.

Cognates:

• Assyrian Tabalu¹
• Greek Θοβελ

— תּוּבַל Isaiah 66:19; Ezekiel 27:13; תֻּבַל Ezekiel 32:26; תֻּבָ֫ל Genesis 10:2 = 1 Chronicles 1:5; Ezekiel 38:2–3; Ezekiel 39:1.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? (1881), 250 f. (Dl^Pa); cf. Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

² August Dillmann, Genesis (Di^{Genesis 10:2}).

Noun proper name

LXX: θοβελ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8422:

θοβελ 7× (89.7%)

וכל וְכָל־

and every/all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

המונה הֲמוֹנָהּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

המון

hâmôwn

Definition

a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth

Root

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from H1993 (המה);

Exhaustive

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from המה; a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth; abundance, company, many, multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store, tumult.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1995

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 405

1. a splash of rain; noise, sound (of song, thunder, etc.); especially a tumultuous noise, a crowd, a multitude; fulness, riches. 2. A proper name of the supreme Egyptian god, for אָמוֹן (Amon).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Root המה • Page 190

Verbal from הָמָה. 1. sound, noise (e.g., of rain, 1 K. 18:41; music, Ezek. 26:13; tumult of a crowd, 1 Sam. 4:14). 2. a multitude or crowd of people (Is. 13:4; Gen. 17:4, 5). 3. a multitude generally (e.g., of waters, Jer 10:13; abundance, riches, Ps. 37:16). 4. inward commotion (Is. 63:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1995

I. הָמוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 85) noun masculine^{1 Samuel 4:14} (feminine Job 31:34) — sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance.

— הָמוֹן absolute 1 Samuel 4:14 + 27 times (including 2 Kings 25:11); construct הֲמוֹן Genesis 17:4 + 30 times; suffix הֲמוֹנוֹ Isaiah 5:13, Ezekiel 31:18 (Qere); הַמוֹנָהּ Isaiah 5:14, Ezekiel 7:12; הֲמֹנָהּ Ezekiel 29:19; הֲמוֹנָם Isaiah 31:4, Ezekiel 7:11; plural הֲמֹנִים Joel 4:14; suffix הֲמוֹנֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:30.

1. Sound, murmur, rush, roar

Especially sound made by a crowd of people, murmur, roar:

• Psalm 65:8 (+ לְאֻמִּים; parallel שְׁאוֹן יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 13:4 (sound of a roaring; parallel קוֹל שְׁאוֹן)
• Isaiah 33:3; Daniel 10:6
• Isaiah 17:12 (הֲמוֹן עַמִּים; compared with הֲמוֹת יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 31:4 (of a throng of shepherds)
• Of a city: Job 39:7; Isaiah 32:14 (noisy city); Isaiah 5:14
• Of the sound of songs: Ezekiel 26:13; Amos 5:23
• Of crying: 1 Samuel 4:14 (+ קוֹל צְעָקָה)
• Figurative of sympathy: Isaiah 63:15 (הֲמוֹן מֵעִים; parallel רַחֲמִים)
• Of rain: 1 Kings 18:41 (קוֹל הֲמוֹן הַגֶּשֶׁם); Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16
• Of rumbling chariot-wheels: Jeremiah 47:3

2. Tumult, confusion

As occasioning a roar:

• 1 Samuel 14:19
• 2 Samuel 18:29

3. Crowd, multitude

a. Frequently of a great army

• Judges 4:7; 1 Samuel 14:16
• 1 Kings 20:13, 28
• Isaiah 29:5 (twice)
• 2 Chronicles 13:8; 14:10; 20:2, 12, 15, 24; 32:7
• Ezekiel 39:11, 15 (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג)
• Daniel 11:10–13 (parallel חַיִל גָּדוֹל)

b. Of a whole people

• 2 Samuel 6:19; Isaiah 5:13; Isaiah 16:14
• Ezekiel 7:11, 14
• Ezekiel 29:19; 30:10, 15
• Ezekiel 31:2, 18
• Ezekiel 32:12, 16, 18, 20, 24–26, 31, 32

c. Of any great throng

• 2 Kings 7:13; 2 Kings 25:11 (compare Jeremiah 52:15)
• Psalm 42:5; Job 31:34 (הָמוֹן רַבָּה)
• Ezekiel 23:42
• Genesis 17:4, 5 (Priests' Code)
• Isaiah 29:7, 8
• Under figure of overwhelming mass of waves: Jeremiah 51:42

4. Great number, abundance (late)

• Of women: 2 Chronicles 11:23
• Of cattle: Jeremiah 49:32
• Of materials for temple: 1 Chronicles 29:16
• Of tithes and gifts: 2 Chronicles 31:10

5. Abundance, wealth

• Psalm 37:16
• Ecclesiastes 5:9 (parallel כֶּסֶף)
• Isaiah 60:5 (הֲמוֹן יָם; parallel חֵיל גּוֹיִם)

¹ F. Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

² C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ Priests' Code (P Source).

⁴ A. B. Davidson, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1892).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: πλῆθοσ --- '' πλοῦτοσ ἰσχὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1995a:

πλῆθοσ 23× (25.4%)

--- 5× (6.3%)

'' 5× (5.4%)

πλοῦτοσ 3× (3.4%)

ἰσχὺσ 3× (3.2%)

ἤχου 2× (2.5%)

συναγωγὴν 2× (2.5%)

πολλῶν 2× (2.3%)

θορύβου 2× (2.3%)

πλοῦτον 2× (2.3%)

סביבותיו סְבִיבוֹתָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סביב

çâbîyb

Definition

(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

Root

or (feminine) סביבה; from H5437 (סבב);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) סביבה; from סבב; (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around; (place, round) about, circuit, compass, on every side.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5439

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָבִיב

adverb / preposition • Root סבב • Strongs / High • Page 756

Adverb or substantive used as a preposition, meaning 'round about', often preceding a noun with the preposition 'ל'.

סָבִיב

noun • Root סבב • Strongs / High • Page 1005

A circuit, a surrounding country, neighbourhood.

סָבִיב

adverb / preposition • Root סבב • Strongs / High • Page 1005

As an adverb: round about, circum, on all sides round. As a preposition with ל or עַל: about, toward all sides.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סָבִיב

m. verbal • Root סבב • Page 467

As a subst. circuit. 1 Chr. 11: 8. Hence as an adv. round about, Gen. 23: 17; Ex. 16: 13. Also used as a prep. round about any thing, as round about the tent, Ex. 40: 33; Num. 1: 53. Plur. m. סְבִיבִים persons round about, neighbours. Jer. 48: 17, 39. Also refers to country round about, les environs.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5439

I. סָבִיב (approximate number of occurrences: 336) substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition — circuit, round about.

— construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11; plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jeremiah 32:44, Jeremiah 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 times), much oftener סְבִיבוֹת Exodus 7:24 (22 times), סְבִיבוֹתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deuteronomy 17:14, etc. (48 times):

1. In singular

a. As substantive

• 1 Chronicles 11:8 מִן־הַמִּלּוֹא וְעַד־הַסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.

b. As adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about

• Genesis 23:17 בְּכָל־גְּבוּלוֹ סָבִיב
• Exodus 19:12; Exodus 25:11, 24, 25
• Leviticus 1:5, 11 (+ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב)
• Judges 20:29; 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 5:11; Psalm 3:7 (+ אֲשֶׁר סָבִיב שָׁתוּ עָלָי)
• Psalm 12:9; Psalm 34:8 + often
• Sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis: 2 Chronicles 4:3; Ezekiel 8:10 (+ עַל הַקִּיר סָבִיב סָבִיב), Ezekiel 37:2; Ezekiel 40:5 and often in Ezekiel 40–43.

c. As preposition

• (a) Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
• (b) סָבִיב לְ: Exodus 16:13; Exodus 40:33; Numbers 1:50, 53; Numbers 2:2; Judges 7:21; 1 Kings 6:5; 1 Kings 18:32, 35; Ezekiel 41:10; Ezekiel 14:16; Job 19:12; Psalm 34:8; Psalm 78:28; Psalm 125:2 (twice in verse) יהוה סָבִיב לְעַמּוֹ, Psalm 128:3; Songs 3:7; Nahum 3:8.
• (c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת: 1 Kings 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezekiel 43:17.

d. מִסָּבִיב (42 times), from round about, from every side

• Ezekiel 16:33, 37; Ezekiel 23:22; Ezekiel 37:21
• Usually = on every side: Jeremiah 4:17 (+ הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב), Isaiah 42:25 (+ וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מִסָּבִיב), Joel 4:11, 12.
• מָגוֹר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side!: Jeremiah 6:25; Jeremiah 20:3, 10; Jeremiah 46:5; Jeremiah 49:29; Psalm 31:14, compare Lamentations 2:22.
• Especially in the Deuteronomic phrases אוֹיְבִים מִסָּבִיב, or הֵנִיחַ מִסָּבִיב (sometimes in combination): Deuteronomy 12:10 (+ וְהֵנִיחַ לָכֶם מִכָּל־אוֹיְבֵיכֶם מִסָּבִיב), Deuteronomy 25:19; Joshua 21:42 (+ וַיָּנַח יהוה לָהֶם מִסָּבִיב), Joshua 23:1; Judges 2:14; Judges 8:34; 1 Samuel 12:11 +.
• מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about: Numbers 16:24, 27.
• On 1 Samuel 14:21; 2 Samuel 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.

2. In plural

a. סְבִיבִים

• (a) in masculine sense, those round about: Psalm 76:12 (+ כָּל־סְבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי), Psalm 89:8; Jeremiah 48:17, 39.
• (b) in neuter sense, the parts round about: Jeremiah 49:5 (+ מִכָּל־סְבִיבָיִךְ), Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; Jeremiah 21:14 (+ וְאָכְלָה כָּל־סְבִיבֶיהָ), Jeremiah 46:14.
• With the force of a preposition: Psalm 50:3 (+ וּסְבִיבָיו נִשְׂעֲרָה מְאֹד), Psalm 97:2; Lamentations 1:17.

b. סְבִיבוֹת

• (a) as substantive: (α) circuits: Ecclesiastes 1:6 (+ וְעַל־סְבִיבֹתָיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ); (β) the parts round about: Numbers 22:4 (+ יְלַחֲכוּ הַקָּהָל אֵת כָּל־סְבִיבֹתֵינוּ), Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 50:32; with reference to their inhabitants: Psalm 44:14 (= Psalm 79:4), Ezekiel 16:57; Ezekiel 28:24; Daniel 9:16.
• (b) with the force of a preposition: Exodus 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Numbers 11:24, 31, 32; suffix סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם Numbers 35:2, Judges 7:18; 1 Samuel 26:5, 7; 2 Kings 6:17 (+ סְבִיבֹת אֱלִישָׁע), Psalm 18:12; Psalm 27:6 (+ עַל אֹיְבַי סְבִיבוֹתָי), etc.
• Often idiomatic preceded by אֲשֶׁר, as Genesis 35:5 (+ הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹתֵיהֶם), Genesis 41:48; Leviticus 25:44; Numbers 16:34; Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 21:2 +.
• In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֹתָם Ezekiel 28:26.

¹ ᵑ6 Peshitta (Syriac version).

² ᵐ5 Septuagint (Greek version).

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κύκλῳ κυκλόθεν περικύκλῳ '' αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5439:

κύκλῳ 201× (60.1%)

κυκλόθεν 70× (21.1%)

περικύκλῳ 19× (5.4%)

'' 14× (3.6%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (2.1%)

--- 4× (1.2%)

κύκλωμα 3× (0.7%)

ἐκύκλουν 2× (0.6%)

ἐκύκλωσάν 2× (0.6%)

ἐπέστρεψεν 2× (0.5%)

קברותיה קִבְרוֹתֶיהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קבר

qeber

Definition

a sepulchre

Root

or (feminine) קברה; from H6912 (קבר);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) קברה; from קבר; a sepulchre; burying place, grave, sepulchre.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6913

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶבֶר

noun masculine • Root קבר • Strongs / High • Page 1256

grave, sepulchre, hole in earth or rock.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶבֶר

noun masculine • Root קבר • Page 578

a grave, sepulchre. Ps. 5: 10; Gen. 23: 9, 20. Plur. קְבָרִים.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6913

I. קֶ֫בֶר (approximate number of occurrences: 67) noun masculine 1 Kings 13:31 — grave, sepulchre.

— קֶ֫בֶר absolute Genesis 23:4 +, קָ֑בֶר 1 Kings 14:13 +; construct קֶבֶר Judges 8:32 +; suffix קִבְרִי Genesis 50:5 +; plural קְבָרִים Exodus 14:11 +, construct קִבְרֵי Jeremiah 26:23 +, suffix קִבְרֵיהֶם Jeremiah 8:1; also קְבָרוֺת Job 21:32, construct קִבְרוֺת Nehemiah 2:3 +, suffix קִבְרֹתָיו Exodus 32:23, 2 Chronicles 16:14 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Grave, sepulchre

• Judges 8:32
• 2 Samuel 2:32
• 1 Kings 13:22 +
• אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר possession of a buryingplace Genesis 23:4, Genesis 23:9, Genesis 23:20, Genesis 49:30, Genesis 50:13
• Hewn out (+ חָצַב) Isaiah 22:16 (twice in verse)
• קֶבֶר בְּנֵי הָעָם burial-place of the common people 2 Kings 23:6, so also construct plural Jeremiah 26:23
• plural intensive, of stately or royal sepulchres: Job 17:1; 2 Kings 22:20 = 2 Chronicles 34:28; Nehemiah 3:16; 2 Chronicles 16:14; 2 Chronicles 35:24; Job 21:32

b. Figurative and poetic

• From the womb to the grave: מִכֶּטֶן לַקֶּבֶר אוּבָ֑ל Job 10:19
• Womb as a grave: וַתְּהִילִֿי אִמִּי קֶבֶר Jeremiah 20:17
• שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר the slain lying in the grave Psalm 88:6
• הַיּשְׁבִים כַּקְּבָרִים those sitting in the tombs (occult rite, probably in necromancy) Isaiah 65:4 (compare Che¹ and RS²)
• Conceived as in the lower world: Ezekiel 32:22, 23, 25, 26, parallel with אֲבַדּוֺן Psalm 88:12
• Simile of an open grave: קֶבֶר פָּתוּחַ Jeremiah 5:16; Psalm 5:10
• Of exile: Ezekiel 37:12 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 37:13 (twice in verse)

c. Textual notes

• Psalm 49:12 read קְבָרִים for קִרְבָּם according to Vrss and most.

¹ T. K. Cheyne, Introduction to the Book of Isaiah (1895).

² W. Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites, 1st ed., 180 ff.; 2nd ed., 197 ff. (RS).

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: τάφῳ τάφουσ μνημεῖον τάφου μνήματοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6913:

τάφῳ 14× (17.6%)

τάφουσ 5× (6.8%)

μνημεῖον 4× (6.4%)

τάφου 4× (6.4%)

μνήματοσ 4× (5.9%)

μνημείου 3× (5.0%)

τάφον 3× (4.3%)

τάφων 3× (4.0%)

μνημείων 2× (3.3%)

--- 2× (3.3%)

כלם כֻּלָּם

all of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

ערלים עֲרֵלִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערל

ʻârêl

Definition

uncircumcised (i.e. still having the prepuce uncurtailed)

Root

from H6188 (ערל); properly, exposed, i.e. projecting loose (as to the prepuce); used only technically,

Exhaustive

from ערל; properly, exposed, i.e. projecting loose (as to the prepuce); used only technically,; uncircumcised (i.e. still having the prepuce uncurtailed); uncircumcised (person).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6189

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָרֵל

adjective • Root ערל • Strongs / High • Page 1135

adj. 1. naked, stript, unclothed, of those struck down in war. 2. unconsecrated, of ear (unfit to hear the truth), unsensible, obstinate, of the heart, forbidden as food, unclean, of fruits. 3. Commonly uncircumcised (i. e. still furnished with the foreskin).

עָרֵל

m. prop. noun • Root ערל • Strongs / High • Page 1135

prop. nakedness; hence undevotedness, of heart Ez. 44, 9; concrete the state of being uncircumcised.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָרֵל

adjective • Page 528

Uncircumcised (Gen. 17:14, Ex. 12:48). Often a name of reproach for non-Israelites (1 Sam. 17:26). Metaphorically used of lips (not eloquent), heart (impurity), and ear (not open).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6189

I. עָרֵל (approximate number of occurrences: 35) adjective — having foreskin, i.e. uncircumcised.

— עָרֵל absolute Exodus 12:48 (5 times); construct עֶ֫רֶל Ezekiel 44:9 (twice in verse); עֲרַל Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30; feminine עֲרִלָה Jeremiah 6:10; plural עֲרִלִים Leviticus 19:23 (20 times); construct עַרְלֵי Jeremiah 9:25 (2 times).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Uncircumcised person

• Exodus 12:48
• Joshua 5:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of Philistines: Judges 14:3; Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 14:6; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; 1 Samuel 31:4; 2 Samuel 1:20; 1 Chronicles 10:4
• Of other nations: Isaiah 52:1; Jeremiah 9:25
• Especially as slain: Ezekiel 28:10; Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:19–32 (9 times)

In Ezekiel 32:27 read מֵעוֺלָם so Hitzig and most (see on meaning Toy¹).

b. Specific phrases

• עָרֵל זָכָר uncircumcised male Genesis 17:14 (Priests' Code)
• בָּשָׂר ע׳ uncircumcised of flesh Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:9

2. Figurative Usages

• Of fruit trees Leviticus 19:23 (compare [עָרַל])
• ע׳ שְׂפָתַיִם figurative of incapacity to speak Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30
• Of character, ע׳ לב Jeremiah 9:25; Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:9; compare לֵבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Leviticus 26:41 (Priests' Code)
• עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive) Jeremiah 6:10

עֵרֹם, עָרֹם, עָרוֺם see עור f

¹ Crawford H. Toy, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1899).

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀπεριτμήτων ἀπερίτμητοσ ἀπερίτμητοι ἀπεριτμήτουσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H6189:

ἀπεριτμήτων 9× (23.9%)

ἀπερίτμητοσ 7× (18.6%)

ἀπερίτμητοι 6× (16.5%)

ἀπεριτμήτουσ 3× (8.3%)

'' 3× (7.4%)

ἀπερίτμητα 2× (5.8%)

מחללי מְחֻלְלֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלל

châlal

Definition

properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)

Root

a primitive root (compare H2470 (חלה)); also denominative (from H2485 (חליל))

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חלה); also denominative (from חליל); properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute); begin ([idiom] men began), defile, [idiom] break, defile, [idiom] eat (as common things), [idiom] first, [idiom] gather the grape thereof, [idiom] take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain, wound.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2490

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Strongs / High • Page 490

1. (intransitive) To be bored through, perforated, pierced; figuratively, to be wounded or injured. 2. (metaphorically, unused in Qal) To be torn asunder, loosened, open, free, permitted, profane, common, unhallowed. 3. (figuratively, unused in Qal) To loosen, open, i.e., to begin.

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Strongs / High • Page 490

To turn in a circle, to round. (Marked as 'not used').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Page 230

1. to bore or pierce through; intrans. to be pierced through or wounded. Ps. 109:22. 2. to loose, to open, to break. Pi. (Piel): 1. to wound, smite. Ezek. 28:9. 2. to break, violate (a covenant). Ps. 55:20. 3. to open, make common (to prostitute). Lev. 19:29. 4. to profane, pollute, defile (the priest, sanctuary, sabbath, name of God). Ex. 31:14; Lev. 18:21; Gen. 49:4. Pu. (Pual): pass. of Piel no 1 and 4. Ezek. 32:26; 36:23. Niph. (Niphal): pass. of Pi. no 4. Ezek. 7:24. Hiph. (Hiphil): 1. to loose, set free. Hos. 8:10. 2. to break or violate (a promise). Num. 30:3. 3. to profane. Ezek. 39:7. 4. to open, to begin. Gen. 10:8; Deut. 2:25; 1 Sam. 3:12.

חָלַל

m. verbal adj. • Root חלל • Page 231

Pierced through; mortally wounded; slain in battle. Also refers to something profane or unholy. Refs: Job 24:12, Ps. 69:27, Jer. 51:22, Deut. 21:1, Num. 19:16, Lam. 4:9, Is. 22:2, Ezek. 21:30, Lev. 21:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2490

I. חָלַל verb — bore, pierce.

Cognates:

• Arabic خل (perforate, pierce through, transfix)
• Ethiopic חלי (hollow) read
• Aramaic חֲלַל (hollow out), חֲלִילָא (pipe)
• Late Hebrew חָלָל (hollow), adjective (slain), חָלִיל (pipe)

— חָלַל;

1. Meanings and Uses by Stem

Qal

Perfect לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Psalm 109:22 (? literally one has pierced my heart; or read Pu`al חֻלַּל ?); Infinitive construct חַלּוֺתִי הִיא Psalm 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound (my woe, my cross; so Ew Hi De Bae MV SS Kö^{i. 341}, but Hup Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֺתִי my sickness).

Pi`el

Participle plural (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֺלְלֶ֑ךָ).

Pu`al

Participle מְחֻלֲלֵי חֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ezekiel 32:26.

Po`el

Perfect 3rd person feminine singular חֹלֲלָה יָדוֺ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; Participle feminine מְחוֺלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Isaiah 51:9 who pierced the dragon.

Po`al

Participle מֲחֹלָל מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ Isaiah 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, "" מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ).

II. [חָלַל] verb denominative — play the pipe, pipe.

Qal

Participle plural וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Psalm 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, compare AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae and others.

Polel

Participle from 1. חוּל dancers.

Pi`el

Participle וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים 1 Kings 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (compare Assyrian ḫâlu, according to D1 in Zim^{BP 117}).

III. [חָלַל] verb — pollute, defile, profane; also Hiph`il begin (literally untie, loosen, open, see Arabic).

Cognates:

• Arabic حلّ (untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie); IV. (make lawful); X. (esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate)
• Late Hebrew חלל (be profane, desecrated)
• Aramaic חֲלַל, Pa`el (purify), Aph`el (profane)

Niph`al

Perfect נִחָ֑ל Ezekiel 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (נִחַלְתִּי- Co) Ezekiel 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ezekiel 7:24; Imperfect יֵחָ֑ל Isaiah 48:11, תֵּחֵל Leviticus 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ezekiel 22:26; Infinitive הֵחֵל Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22, suffix לְהֵחַלּוֺ Leviticus 21:4.

1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself
   • a. ritually, by contact with dead (+ טמא), Leviticus 21:4 (Holiness Code)
   • b. sexually (+ זנה) Leviticus 21:9 (Holiness Code)
2. passive. be polluted, defiled
   • Of holy places Ezekiel 7:24; Ezekiel 25:3
   • Name of God Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22; Isaiah 48:11
   • God himself Ezekiel 22:16, 26

Pi`el

Perfect חִלֵּל Leviticus 19:8 3 times; suffix חִלִּלוֺ Deuteronomy 20:6; 2masculine singular חִלַּלְתָּ Genesis 49:4; 2feminine singular חִלָּ֑֔לְתְּ Ezekiel 22:8; 3plural suffix חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ezekiel 7:21; Imperfect יְחַלֵּל Leviticus 21:12; Infinitive חַלֵּל Amos 2:7; Participle מְחַלֵּל Ezekiel 24:21; feminine מְחַלֶּלֶת Leviticus 21:9.

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Defile, pollute

• Sexually: Genesis 49:4 (the father's bed); a woman (+ זנה) Leviticus 19:29; Leviticus 21:9; זַרְעוֺ Leviticus 21:15 (Holiness Code)
• Ceremonially: profane the altar by a tool Exodus 20:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); sacred places Leviticus 21:12, 23; Ezekiel 7:21–22; Ezekiel 44:7; Psalm 74:7; the sabbath Exodus 31:14 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 56:2, 6; Nehemiah 13:17–18
• The name of God: Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 19:12; Leviticus 20:3; Leviticus 21:6; Amos 2:7; Ezekiel 36:20–23

b. Violate the honour of, dishonour

• י׳ as subject: crown of Davidic kingdom Psalm 89:40; kingdom of Judah Lamentations 2:2; Isaiah 23:9

c. Violate a covenant or law

• Psalm 55:21; Psalm 89:35; Malachi 2:10; חקות of God Psalm 89:32

d. Treat a vineyard as common

• By beginning to use its fruit Deuteronomy 20:6; Deuteronomy 28:30; Jeremiah 31:5 (compare law in Leviticus 19:23–25)

Pu`al

Participle הַמְֿחֻלָּל Ezekiel 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.

Hiph`il

1. Pollute, violate
   • Imperfect לֹא אַחֵל Ezekiel 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more.
   • Imperfect לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֺ he shall not violate his word Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code).
2. Begin
   • Perfect הֵחֵל Genesis 6:1; הַחִלּוֺתָ Deuteronomy 3:24; Imperfect יָחֵל Judges 13:5; וַיָּ֫חֶל Genesis 9:20; feminine plural וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Genesis 41:54.
   • With Infinitive (ל) begin to: Genesis 6:1; Numbers 25:1; Deuteronomy 2:25; Judges 16:19.
   • With בְּ begin with: Genesis 44:12; Ezekiel 9:6.
   • With מן begin from: Ezekiel 9:6.
   • Imperative הָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:24 begin! possess!
   • Infinitive construct הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 Samuel 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing full purpose).

Hoph`al

Perfect הוּחַל לִקְראֹ בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Genesis 4:26 (Jehovist Source).

Note. — וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hosea 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi and others; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (from חול, חיל) — shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; ᵐ5 reads cease a little from anointing, so Che We.

¹ G. H. A. von Ewald (Ew); F. Hitzig (Hi); F. Delitzsch (De); J. S. G. V. Baehngen (Bae); Gesenius-Kautzsch Hebrew Grammar (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886) (D1).

Verb Pual participle passive masculine plural construct

LXX: ἤρξατο ἤρξαντο ἐβεβήλουν ἐβεβήλωσαν βεβηλώσουσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2490a:

ἤρξατο 18× (12.3%)

ἤρξαντο 10× (6.8%)

ἐβεβήλουν 8× (5.5%)

ἐβεβήλωσαν 6× (4.1%)

βεβηλώσουσιν 5× (3.5%)

βεβηλώσει 4× (2.9%)

βεβηλωθῇ 4× (2.9%)

βεβηλώσετε 4× (2.7%)

ἐβεβήλωσεν 3× (2.2%)

--- 3× (2.2%)

חרב חרֶב

a sword/drought

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חרב

chereb

Definition

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

Root

from H2717 (חרב);

Exhaustive

from חרב; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement; axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2719

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶרֶב

noun / feminine • Root חרב • Strongs / High • Page 524

1. a sword; any sharp instrument like a knife, razor, axe, or chisel. 2. war. 3. dryness or consumption as a disease. 4. grave or mausoleum.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶרֶב

f. verbal • Root חרב • Page 246

1. a sword (Deut. 13:16, 20:13, Josh. 6:21). 2. other cutting instruments like a knife for circumcising (Josh. 5:2), a razor (Ezek. 5:1), a pickaxe (Ex. 20:25), or a battering ram (Ezek. 26:9). 3. dryness, drought (Deut. 28:22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2719

I. חֶ֫רֶב (approximate number of occurrences: 411) noun feminine^{Isaiah 21:15} — sword (as weapon).

Cognates:

• Aramaic חַרְבָּא
• Syriac חַרְבָּא
• Zinjirli חרב
• Arabic حربة ḥarbah dart, javelin

— חֶ֫רֶב absolute Genesis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exodus 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deuteronomy 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exodus 15:9 (13 times); חַרְבְּךָ Genesis 27:40 (7 times); חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Samuel 17:33, Psalm 17:13; חַרְבּוֺ Numbers 22:23 (24 times); חַרְבְּכֶם Jeremiah 2:30, Ezekiel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Psalm 37:15, Psalm 44:4; plural חֲרָבוֺת Isaiah 21:15 (5 times); construct חַרְבוֺת Joshua 5:2 (2 times); suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezekiel 26:9; חַרְבוֺתָם Isaiah 2:4 (5 times); חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3 (2 times).

1. Sword as weapon

a. Sword, as weapon of war

• Genesis 48:22 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 7:14, 20
• 1 Samuel 21:9, and so in all periods
• two-edged (short) sword חֶרֶב וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Judges 3:16
• compare חֶרֶב מִּיּוֺת Proverbs 5:4 (in simile), חֶרֶב מִּיפִיּוֺת Psalm 149:6
• see also צוּר חֶרֶב edge of sword Psalm 89:44

b. Gird on sword

• חָגַר הַחֶרֶב 1 Samuel 17:39
• 1 Samuel 25:13 (3 times)
• Psalm 45:4 (+ חֶרֶב עַל יָרֵך)
• שִׂים על ירך Exodus 32:27
• compare especially 2 Samuel 20:8

c. Draw the sword

• הֵרִיק הַחֶרֶב Exodus 15:9; Leviticus 26:33; Ezekiel 5:2, 12; 12:14; 28:7
• הוציא הַחֶרֶב Ezekiel 21:8, 10
• פתח הַחֶרֶב Psalm 37:14; Ezekiel 21:33
• נטשׁ Isaiah 21:15 (Graetz¹, Cheyne² read לטשׁ)
• usually שׁלף הַחֶרֶב Numbers 22:23, 31; Joshua 5:13; Judges 3:22; Judges 8:10, 20; 9:54; 1 Samuel 17:51; 31:4 = 1 Chronicles 10:4; 1 Chronicles 21:16
• as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף חֶרֶב Judges 20:2, 15, 17, 25, 35, 46; 2 Samuel 24:9; 2 Kings 3:26; 1 Chronicles 21:5 (twice)
• וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶל־הַחֶרֶב 2 Samuel 23:10, insert also in parallel 1 Chronicles 11:13 (S. R. Driver³)

d. Whet, sharpen the sword

• לטשׁ הַחֶרֶב Psalm 7:13
• שׁנן Deuteronomy 32:41 compare Psalm 64:4
• הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, 16

e. Put up the sword into the sheath

• הֵשִׁיב הַחֶרֶב אֶל־נְדָנָהּ 1 Chronicles 21:27
• sheath elsewhere is תַּעַר 1 Samuel 17:51; 2 Samuel 20:8; Jeremiah 47:6; Ezekiel 21:8

f. Slay with sword

• הרג בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 10:11; 13:22 +
• in 1 Samuel 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים (Septuagint, Wellhausen⁴, S. R. Driver³)
• rarely הכה בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 11:10; 2 Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38
• very often הִכָּה לְפִי־חֶרֶב smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25) = without quarter: Numbers 21:24 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:16a; 20:13; Joshua 11:11, 12, 14 (Deuteronomic Source); Judges 18:27; 21:10; 1 Kings 10:25; Job 1:15, 17
• also with הָעִיר (the city) as object: Joshua 8:24; 10:28, 30, 32, 35, 37, 39; 19:47; Judges 1:8, 25; 20:37; 1 Samuel 22:19 (twice); 2 Samuel 15:14
• הרג לְפִי־חֶרֶב Genesis 34:26 (Yahwist Source); הֶחֱרִים לְפִי־חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 13:16b, Joshua 6:21; 1 Samuel 15:8
• חלשׁ לְפִי־חֶרֶב Exodus 17:13 (Elohist Source); נפל לְפִי־חֶרֶב Joshua 8:24; Judges 4:16
• וַיָּהָם יְהוָה ... לְפִי־חֶרֶב Judges 4:15

g. Devouring

• אכלה הַחֶרֶב etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deuteronomy 32:42 (poetry)
• 2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25; 18:8
• Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 46:10, 14; Nahum 2:14

h. Slain by sword

• חֲלַל־חֶרֶב Numbers 19:16 (Priestly Code) and frequently in Ezekiel
• חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב Ezekiel 31:17, 18; 32:21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32; 35:8
• מְחֻלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:26 (Cornill⁵ reads חללי־חֶרֶב)

i. Captives of sword

• שְׁבֻיוֺת חֶרֶב Genesis 31:26 (taken by sword)

j. Sword as agent of Yahweh

• Judges 7:20; Isaiah 34:6; Jeremiah 12:12; Jeremiah 47:6 etc.
• Deuteronomy 28:22 (but read חֹרֶב drought)
• לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַמֶּכֶת Genesis 3:24
• in poetry: לַהַב חֶרֶב Nahum 3:3, בְּרַק חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 32:41

k. Figurative uses

• of tongue Psalm 57:5; compare 59:8
• of violence, war, etc. Genesis 27:40
• in simile Proverbs 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women)

2. Knife

• חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים flint knives for circumcision Joshua 5:2, 3 (see Wellhausen⁴)
• חֶרֶב חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים Ezekiel 5:1, 2 (according to Cornill⁵ use of sword as razor is significant)

3. Of tools used in hewing stone

• חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exodus 20:25
• יִתֹּץ בְּחַרְבוֹתָיו Ezekiel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Cornill⁵ 'Eisen'), but possibly swords as implements ready to hand
• 2 Chronicles 34:6 Qere בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins (Bertheau⁶, compare Psalm 109:10)

¹ Heinrich Graetz.

² T. K. Cheyne.

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁴ J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten.

⁵ C. H. Cornill.

⁶ Ernst Bertheau.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ῥομφαίᾳ ῥομφαίαν μάχαιραν μαχαίρᾳ ῥομφαία

LXX Usage Statistics

H2719:

ῥομφαίᾳ 62× (13.7%)

ῥομφαίαν 60× (14.4%)

μάχαιραν 39× (9.4%)

μαχαίρᾳ 35× (8.8%)

ῥομφαία 34× (8.4%)

μαχαίρασ 33× (8.2%)

ῥομφαίασ 28× (7.0%)

μάχαιρα 24× (5.9%)

'' 19× (4.3%)

μαχαίραισ 10× (2.4%)

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

נתנו נָתְנוּ

they have given

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

חתיתם חִתִּיתָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חתית

chittîyth

Definition

fear

Root

from H2865 (חתת);

Exhaustive

from חתת; fear; terror.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2851

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִתִּית

feminine noun • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 545

Same as חִתָּה, terror. Cognate with בֶּהָלָה.

חִתִּית

noun feminine • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 547

terror. A derivative of חָתַת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִתִּית

noun feminine • Root חתת • Page 256

terror.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2851

I. חִתִּית (only Ezekiel) noun feminine — terror.

— חִתִּית absolute Ezekiel 32:23 (but Co reads חִתִּיתָם with ᵐ5 and Ezekiel 32:24; Ezekiel 32:26); construct id. Ezekiel 32:27; suffix חִתִּיתוֹ Ezekiel 32:32 Kt (> חִתִּיתִי Qr); חִתִּיתָם Ezekiel 32:24 (2 times) + Ezekiel 26:17 (read חִתִּיתָהּ, with ᵐ5 Ew Co, see VB), Ezekiel 32:30 (read חַתִּים, see II. חת).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Terror, caused by powerful cities, nations, kings, etc. (usually with suffix object Genitive):

• Ezekiel 26:17 (of Tyre)
• Ezekiel 32:27 (חִתִּית גִּבּוֹרִים, ᵑ6 Co חִתִּית גבור תם)
• Ezekiel 32:30 (חִתִּיתָם, but read חַתִּים, see above)

b. Especially in phrase נָתַן חִתִּית בְּאֶרֶץ חַיִּים cause one's terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living:

• Ezekiel 32:23
• Ezekiel 32:24
• Ezekiel 32:25 (strike out ᵐ5 Co)
• Ezekiel 32:26
• Ezekiel 32:32

חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, 45 see חִתִּי below חֵת above.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: φόβον

LXX Usage Statistics

H2851:

φόβον 5× (56.7%)

בארץ בְּאֶרֶץ

in the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

חיים חַיִּים׃

living ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

---

II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

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I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

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II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

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חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

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Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416a:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
There Meshech and Tubal and all dyer multitude: round about him her graves: all of them uncircumcised, wounded of the sword, for they gave their terror in the land of the living.

LITV Translation:
There is Meshech, Tubal, and all her multitude. All around him are her graves, all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, though they gave their terror in the land of the living.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
There were laid Meshech, and Tubal, and all his strength round about his tomb: all his slain men, all the uncircumcised, slain with the sword, who caused their fear to be in the land of the living.