Ezekiel 32:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בחרבות בְּחַרְבוֹת

within the Swords

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרב

chereb

Definition

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

Root

from H2717 (חרב);

Exhaustive

from חרב; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement; axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2719

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶרֶב

noun / feminine • Root חרב • Strongs / High • Page 524

1. a sword; any sharp instrument like a knife, razor, axe, or chisel. 2. war. 3. dryness or consumption as a disease. 4. grave or mausoleum.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶרֶב

f. verbal • Root חרב • Page 246

1. a sword (Deut. 13:16, 20:13, Josh. 6:21). 2. other cutting instruments like a knife for circumcising (Josh. 5:2), a razor (Ezek. 5:1), a pickaxe (Ex. 20:25), or a battering ram (Ezek. 26:9). 3. dryness, drought (Deut. 28:22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2719

I. חֶ֫רֶב (approximate number of occurrences: 411) noun feminine^{Isaiah 21:15} — sword (as weapon).

Cognates:

• Aramaic חַרְבָּא
• Syriac חַרְבָּא
• Zinjirli חרב
• Arabic حربة ḥarbah dart, javelin

— חֶ֫רֶב absolute Genesis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exodus 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deuteronomy 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exodus 15:9 (13 times); חַרְבְּךָ Genesis 27:40 (7 times); חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Samuel 17:33, Psalm 17:13; חַרְבּוֺ Numbers 22:23 (24 times); חַרְבְּכֶם Jeremiah 2:30, Ezekiel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Psalm 37:15, Psalm 44:4; plural חֲרָבוֺת Isaiah 21:15 (5 times); construct חַרְבוֺת Joshua 5:2 (2 times); suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezekiel 26:9; חַרְבוֺתָם Isaiah 2:4 (5 times); חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3 (2 times).

1. Sword as weapon

a. Sword, as weapon of war

• Genesis 48:22 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 7:14, 20
• 1 Samuel 21:9, and so in all periods
• two-edged (short) sword חֶרֶב וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Judges 3:16
• compare חֶרֶב מִּיּוֺת Proverbs 5:4 (in simile), חֶרֶב מִּיפִיּוֺת Psalm 149:6
• see also צוּר חֶרֶב edge of sword Psalm 89:44

b. Gird on sword

• חָגַר הַחֶרֶב 1 Samuel 17:39
• 1 Samuel 25:13 (3 times)
• Psalm 45:4 (+ חֶרֶב עַל יָרֵך)
• שִׂים על ירך Exodus 32:27
• compare especially 2 Samuel 20:8

c. Draw the sword

• הֵרִיק הַחֶרֶב Exodus 15:9; Leviticus 26:33; Ezekiel 5:2, 12; 12:14; 28:7
• הוציא הַחֶרֶב Ezekiel 21:8, 10
• פתח הַחֶרֶב Psalm 37:14; Ezekiel 21:33
• נטשׁ Isaiah 21:15 (Graetz¹, Cheyne² read לטשׁ)
• usually שׁלף הַחֶרֶב Numbers 22:23, 31; Joshua 5:13; Judges 3:22; Judges 8:10, 20; 9:54; 1 Samuel 17:51; 31:4 = 1 Chronicles 10:4; 1 Chronicles 21:16
• as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף חֶרֶב Judges 20:2, 15, 17, 25, 35, 46; 2 Samuel 24:9; 2 Kings 3:26; 1 Chronicles 21:5 (twice)
• וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶל־הַחֶרֶב 2 Samuel 23:10, insert also in parallel 1 Chronicles 11:13 (S. R. Driver³)

d. Whet, sharpen the sword

• לטשׁ הַחֶרֶב Psalm 7:13
• שׁנן Deuteronomy 32:41 compare Psalm 64:4
• הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, 16

e. Put up the sword into the sheath

• הֵשִׁיב הַחֶרֶב אֶל־נְדָנָהּ 1 Chronicles 21:27
• sheath elsewhere is תַּעַר 1 Samuel 17:51; 2 Samuel 20:8; Jeremiah 47:6; Ezekiel 21:8

f. Slay with sword

• הרג בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 10:11; 13:22 +
• in 1 Samuel 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים (Septuagint, Wellhausen⁴, S. R. Driver³)
• rarely הכה בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 11:10; 2 Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38
• very often הִכָּה לְפִי־חֶרֶב smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25) = without quarter: Numbers 21:24 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:16a; 20:13; Joshua 11:11, 12, 14 (Deuteronomic Source); Judges 18:27; 21:10; 1 Kings 10:25; Job 1:15, 17
• also with הָעִיר (the city) as object: Joshua 8:24; 10:28, 30, 32, 35, 37, 39; 19:47; Judges 1:8, 25; 20:37; 1 Samuel 22:19 (twice); 2 Samuel 15:14
• הרג לְפִי־חֶרֶב Genesis 34:26 (Yahwist Source); הֶחֱרִים לְפִי־חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 13:16b, Joshua 6:21; 1 Samuel 15:8
• חלשׁ לְפִי־חֶרֶב Exodus 17:13 (Elohist Source); נפל לְפִי־חֶרֶב Joshua 8:24; Judges 4:16
• וַיָּהָם יְהוָה ... לְפִי־חֶרֶב Judges 4:15

g. Devouring

• אכלה הַחֶרֶב etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deuteronomy 32:42 (poetry)
• 2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25; 18:8
• Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 46:10, 14; Nahum 2:14

h. Slain by sword

• חֲלַל־חֶרֶב Numbers 19:16 (Priestly Code) and frequently in Ezekiel
• חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב Ezekiel 31:17, 18; 32:21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32; 35:8
• מְחֻלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:26 (Cornill⁵ reads חללי־חֶרֶב)

i. Captives of sword

• שְׁבֻיוֺת חֶרֶב Genesis 31:26 (taken by sword)

j. Sword as agent of Yahweh

• Judges 7:20; Isaiah 34:6; Jeremiah 12:12; Jeremiah 47:6 etc.
• Deuteronomy 28:22 (but read חֹרֶב drought)
• לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַמֶּכֶת Genesis 3:24
• in poetry: לַהַב חֶרֶב Nahum 3:3, בְּרַק חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 32:41

k. Figurative uses

• of tongue Psalm 57:5; compare 59:8
• of violence, war, etc. Genesis 27:40
• in simile Proverbs 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women)

2. Knife

• חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים flint knives for circumcision Joshua 5:2, 3 (see Wellhausen⁴)
• חֶרֶב חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים Ezekiel 5:1, 2 (according to Cornill⁵ use of sword as razor is significant)

3. Of tools used in hewing stone

• חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exodus 20:25
• יִתֹּץ בְּחַרְבוֹתָיו Ezekiel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Cornill⁵ 'Eisen'), but possibly swords as implements ready to hand
• 2 Chronicles 34:6 Qere בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins (Bertheau⁶, compare Psalm 109:10)

¹ Heinrich Graetz.

² T. K. Cheyne.

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁴ J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten.

⁵ C. H. Cornill.

⁶ Ernst Bertheau.

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: ῥομφαίᾳ ῥομφαίαν μάχαιραν μαχαίρᾳ ῥομφαία

LXX Usage Statistics

H2719:

ῥομφαίᾳ 62× (13.7%)

ῥομφαίαν 60× (14.4%)

μάχαιραν 39× (9.4%)

μαχαίρᾳ 35× (8.8%)

ῥομφαία 34× (8.4%)

μαχαίρασ 33× (8.2%)

ῥομφαίασ 28× (7.0%)

μάχαιρα 24× (5.9%)

'' 19× (4.3%)

μαχαίραισ 10× (2.4%)

גבורים גִּבּוֹרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבור

gibbôwr

Definition

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

Root

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as H1397 (גבר);

Exhaustive

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as גבר; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant; champion, chief, [idiom] excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one), strong (man), valiant man.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1368

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective • Root גבר • Strongs / High • Page 295

Strong, powerful, mighty, omnipotent; valiant, heroic, warlike. Used as a substantive for a strong one, a warrior, a hero. Metaphorically, an active, valiant, or upright man. In a bad sense, a violent man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective / noun • Root גבר • Page 125

1. strong, mighty. Gen. 10:8. Ps. 112 : 2. Hence spoken of God, Deut. 10: 17. 2. brave, valiant, and substantively a hero. 2 Sam. 17:8. Gen. 10: 9. Frequently in the phrase גִּבּוֹר חַיִל brave hero, mighty man of valour, Judg. 6: 12. 11: 1. 1 Sam. 16: 18. 2 K. 5: 1. 3. one great in substance, a man of wealth. 1 Sam. 9: 1. Ruth 2: 1. 2 K. 15: 20. also an active, enterprising man. 1 K. 11: 28. Neh. 11: 14. 4. particularly, leader of an army. 2 Sam. 23: 8. 1 K. 1: 8. 1 Chr. 29: 24. 2 Chr. 32 : 3. also generally, a leader, chief, 1 Chr. 9: 26. 5. in a bad sense, violent, tyrannical. Ps. 52 : 3. 126: 4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1368

I. גִּבּוֺר (approximate number of occurrences: 159) adjective and noun masculine — strong, mighty.

Cognates:

• Arabic جَبَّار (one who magnifies himself, behaves proudly, a tyrant, who is bold, audacious)

— גִּבּוֺר Genesis 10:9 (5 times); גִּבֹּר Genesis 10:8 (2 times); suffix גִּבּוֺרָם 1 Samuel 17:51; plural גִּבּוֺרִים Jeremiah 46:9 (27 times); גִּבֹּרִים Joshua 10:2 (21 times); construct גִּבּוֺרֵי 1 Chronicles 11:27 (29 times); גִּבֹּרֵי 1 Chronicles 9:26 (4 times); suffix גִּבּוֺרֶיךָ Hosea 10:13 + (variant reading suffixes 11 times).

1. As an adjective

a. Used of creatures and men

• גִּבּוֺר בַּבְּהֵמָה mightiest among beasts Proverbs 30:30
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֺר 1 Samuel 14:52
• גִּבּוֺר בָּאָרֶץ Psalm 112:2
• גִּבּוֺר צַיִד mighty in hunting Genesis 10:9 (Yahwist Source)
• מֶלֶךְ גִּבּוֹר Daniel 11:3

b. Used of God or the Messiah

• אֵל גִּבּוֹר the Messiah Isaiah 9:5
• As attribute of God (especially as fighting for his people): Psalm 24:8 (twice); Deuteronomy 10:17; Nehemiah 9:32; Isaiah 10:21; Jeremiah 32:18

2. As a noun masculine

a. Strong, valiant man

• Joshua 10:2 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 6:4
• Genesis 10:8 (Yahwist Source)
• Judges 5:13, 23
• 1 Samuel 2:4 (16 times)
• 1 Kings 1:8, 10
• 2 Kings 24:16
• 1 Chronicles 1:10 (11 times)
• Ezra 7:28; Job 16:14
• Psalm 19:6; 33:16; 45:4; 52:3; 78:65; 89:20; 120:4; 127:4
• Proverbs 16:32; 21:22
• Song of Solomon 3:7 (twice); 4:4
• Ecclesiastes 9:11
• Isaiah 3:2; 13:3; 21:17; 42:13; 49:24–25
• Jeremiah 5:16 (17 times)
• Ezekiel 32:12 (5 times)
• Hosea 10:13
• Joel 2:7; 4:9–11
• Amos 2:14, 16; Obadiah 9
• Nahum 2:4; Zephaniah 1:14; 3:17
• Zechariah 9:13; 10:5, 7

b. Common phrases

• גִּבּוֹר חַיִל mighty man of valour Judges 6:12; 11:1; 1 Samuel 9:1; 16:18; 1 Kings 11:28; 2 Kings 5:1; 1 Chronicles 12:28; 28:1; 2 Chronicles 13:3; 17:16–17; 25:6; 32:21
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר חַיִל Ruth 2:1
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל Joshua 1:14 (Deuteronomist Source); 6:2; 10:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 2 Kings 15:20; 24:14
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל Joshua 8:3
• גִּבּוֹרֵי חַיִל 1 Chronicles 5:24 (14 times); Nehemiah 11:14
• גִּבּוֹרֵי חֲיָלִים 1 Chronicles 7:5, 7, 11, 40
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 Chronicles 11:26
• גִּבּוֹרֵי כֹחַ Psalm 103:20
• גִּבּוֹרֵי מִלְחָמָה 2 Chronicles 13:3
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַשּׁוֹעֲרִים 1 Chronicles 9:26
• בֵּית הַגִּבּוֹרִים Nehemiah 3:16
• (הַ)צָּבָא הַגִּבּוֹרִים 2 Samuel 10:7; 1 Chronicles 19:8
• רָאשֵׁי הַגִּבּוֹרִים 1 Chronicles 11:10
• גִּבּוֹרִים לִשְׁתּוֹת valiant to drink Isaiah 5:22

¹ Yahwist Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Deuteronomist Source.

⁴ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁵ Klostermann, August. Die Bücher Samuelis und der Könige (1887).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δυνατοὶ δυνατὸσ ἰσχυροὶ δυνατῶν γίγασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1368:

δυνατοὶ 19× (11.6%)

δυνατὸσ 15× (9.3%)

ἰσχυροὶ 12× (7.5%)

δυνατῶν 12× (6.5%)

γίγασ 6× (3.6%)

δυνατοῖσ 6× (3.3%)

ὡσ 6× (3.7%)

μαχηταὶ 5× (2.7%)

δυνατοὺσ 5× (2.9%)

δυνατὸν 4× (2.6%)

אפיל אַפִּיל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נפל

nâphal

Definition

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative); be accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide (by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall (away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have (inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for פלל), lay (along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be ([idiom] hast) lost, lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make to) rot, slay, smite out, [idiom] surely, throw down.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5307

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 979

I. (not used) intr. to be large, tall, thick, strong, powerful, of the body.

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 980

To fall, sink down, lie prostrate. Can refer to people, objects (buildings, mountains), lightning, etc. Metaphorically: to perish in war or by famine; to befall or happen to someone; to fail (a promise); to be cast (a lot); to prostrate oneself in worship or submission; to encamp; to defect to an enemy.

נָפַל

verb • Root נפל • Strongs / High • Page 981

To fall, lie, be prostrate, perish; to be allotted; to cast lots; to make the countenance fall, look gloomy; to let a promise fall, i.e., not to fulfil it; generally to let fall, to desist from.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵפֶל

noun masculine • Root נפל • Page 450

Verbal from נָפַל; an untimely birth, an abortion (Job 3:16, Ps. 58:9, Ecc. 6:3). Comp. Arabic abortus.

נָפַל

verb • Page 449

1. to fall (spoken of a house, city, or in war); to fall sick (Ex. 21: 18). 2. to descend as a revelation; to fall on one (sleep or terror); to fall away; to be cast as a lot; to fall to anyone in a division; to be inferior to; to be vain or fruitless; to fall out (turn out); to fall/sink in despondency; to fall into ruin. 3. (voluntary) to fall on the neck (embrace); to prostrate one's self; to fall on a sword; to fall upon (attack). Refs: Gen. 15: 12; 33: 4; Num. 34: 2; Job 1: 15; Ps. 78: 64.

נָפַל

verb • Page 450

To surprise (Josh. 11:7); to leap down, alight (Gen. 24:64, 2 K. 5:21); to encamp, spoken of a host (Judg. 7:12); to dwell (Gen. 25:18); also to be accepted (Jer. 37:20, 42:2). Hiphil (הִפִּיל): to let fall (Num. 35:23); to throw down (Deut. 25:2, Dan. 11:12); to fell, as trees (2 K. 3:19, 25); to cast, as the lot (Ps. 22:19); to distribute (Josh. 13:6, Ezek. 45:1); to cause to be unfulfilled (1 Sam. 3:19); to present a prayer (Jer. 38:26, Dan. 9:18); to let the countenance fall, to look gloomy (Jer. 3:12); to bring forth (Is. 26:19); to leave off, to cease (Judg. 2:19). Hithpael: to throw one's self down (Deut. 9:18, 25); to fall on any one (Gen. 43:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5307

I. נָפַל (approximate number of occurrences: 433) verb — fall, lie.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew נָפַל
• Aramaic נְפַל
• Syriac ܢܦܰܠ
• Arabic نفل (dedit praedam)¹
• Minaean נפל (remove)²

— Qal₃₆₆ Perfect נָפַל Judges 5:27 +, 3 feminine singular נָָֽפְלָה Genesis 15:12 +; Imperfect יִמֹּל 1 Samuel 14:45 +, וַיִּמֹּל Judges 4:16 +; 1 singular אֶמֹּל 1 Chronicles 21:13; Imperative masculine plural נִפְלוּ Hosea 10:8; Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Esther 6:13; construct נְפֹל Isaiah 30:25 +, suffix נָפְלוֺ 1 Samuel 29:3; Participle נֹפֵל Judges 4:22 +, feminine נֹפֶ֫לֶת Genesis 15:12 + etc.

1. Fall by accident

• Exodus 21:33 (Elohist Source) there fall into it (a pit) an ox
• Deuteronomy 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ on the way)
• 1 Samuel 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל)
• Proverbs 26:27 (into pit, figurative)
• 2 Kings 6:5 (axe-head into water)
• Joshua 6:5 (of wall; Jehovist Source), תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Joshua 6:20
• Amos 9:9 (a grain to earth)
• Judges 18:1 (of inheritance falling or being allotted)

2. Violent death or ruin

a. Especially of violent death

• Judges 5:27 (+ שָׁדוּד)
• 1 Samuel 31:1 = 1 Chronicles 10:1 (חָלָל fall pierced)
• Amos 7:17 (בַּחֶרֶב by the sword)
• Numbers 14:29 (Priests' Code), 32 (Jehovist Source)

b. Figurative of perishing or going to ruin

• Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14
• Isaiah 3:8 (+ כָּשַׁל)
• Proverbs 11:5 (בְּרִשְׁעָה in wickedness)

3. Prostration and obeisance

a. Fall prostrate

• Judges 19:26–27
• 1 Samuel 28:20 (in a faint)
• Numbers 24:4 (supernatural influence)

b. Prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי)

• Before man: Genesis 50:18 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 25:23
• Before God: Joshua 5:14; Genesis 17:3 (Priests' Code)
• עַלרַֿגְלָיו at one's feet 1 Samuel 25:24

c. Fall upon neck (in embrace)

• Genesis 33:4; Genesis 46:29 (Jehovist Source)

4. Attack and Desertion

a. Attack

• Jeremiah 48:32; Joshua 11:7 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. Desert or fall away to (go over to)

• With עַל: 2 Kings 25:11; Jeremiah 37:14
• With אֶל: Jeremiah 38:19

5. Figurative uses

• Of deep sleep: Genesis 15:12; Job 4:13
• Of countenance falling in displeasure: Genesis 4:5–6
• Of terror or reproach: Exodus 15:16; Psalm 69:10
• Of word or promise failing: Joshua 21:43; 1 Kings 8:56

6. Other idiomatic uses

• לְמִשְׁכָּב take to one's bed Exodus 21:18
• מֵעַל הַגָּמָל alight quickly Genesis 24:64
• Of waste away: Numbers 5:21
• Of being born: Isaiah 26:18

7. To lie (prostrate)

• Of Midianites: Judges 7:12
• Of the dead: 1 Samuel 31:8; Deuteronomy 21:1

— Hiphil Perfect הִמִּיל 1 Samuel 3:19 +; Imperfect יַמִּיל Exodus 21:27, וַיַּמֵּל Genesis 2:21; Imperative masculine singular הַמִּלֶהָ Joshua 13:6; Infinitive לְהַמִּיל 1 Samuel 18:25; Participle מַמִּיל 2 Kings 6:5.

1. Cause to fall

a. Fell a tree

• 2 Kings 3:19, 25

b. Throw down wall

• 2 Samuel 20:15

2. Cause death or destruction

• By the sword: 2 Kings 19:7; Jeremiah 19:7
• Overthrow: Psalm 37:14; Psalm 73:18

3. Casting lots and apportioning

• Casting lot (גּוֺרָל): Isaiah 34:17; Nehemiah 10:35; Jonah 1:7
• Assign by lot: Joshua 13:6; Ezekiel 45:1

— Hithpael Infinitive הִתְנַמֵּל throw himself upon (על) Genesis 43:18 (i.e. attack); prostrate oneself Deuteronomy 9:18, 25; Ezra 10:1.

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xl (1886), 725.

² Fritz Hommel, Südarabische Chrestomathie (Hom. Sudar. Chrest. 128).

Aramaic

I. נְפַל verb fall (Biblical Hebrew נָפַל).

Peal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular נְפַל Daniel 2:46; Daniel 4:28; 3 masculine plural נְפַ֫לוּ Daniel 3:23; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִמֵּל Daniel 3:6; Participle plural נָֽפְלִין Daniel 3:7.

1. fall down and do homage
   • Daniel 2:46 (עַלאַֿנְמּוֺהִי)
   • Daniel 3:5, 6, 7
2. fall by violence
   • Daniel 7:20 (with קֳדָם)
3. fall to thee (thou shalt need)
   • Ezra 7:20

Verb Hiphil imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔπεσεν πεσοῦνται πεσεῖται ἔπεσαν ἔπεσον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5307:

ἔπεσεν 49× (10.4%)

πεσοῦνται 46× (10.2%)

πεσεῖται 30× (6.6%)

ἔπεσαν 23× (4.9%)

ἔπεσον 13× (2.7%)

'' 13× (2.6%)

ἐμπεσεῖται 11× (2.5%)

ἐπέπεσεν 11× (2.5%)

--- 9× (2.1%)

πέσῃ 6× (1.4%)

המונך הֲמוֹנךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

המון

hâmôwn

Definition

a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth

Root

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from H1993 (המה);

Exhaustive

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from המה; a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth; abundance, company, many, multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store, tumult.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1995

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 405

1. a splash of rain; noise, sound (of song, thunder, etc.); especially a tumultuous noise, a crowd, a multitude; fulness, riches. 2. A proper name of the supreme Egyptian god, for אָמוֹן (Amon).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Root המה • Page 190

Verbal from הָמָה. 1. sound, noise (e.g., of rain, 1 K. 18:41; music, Ezek. 26:13; tumult of a crowd, 1 Sam. 4:14). 2. a multitude or crowd of people (Is. 13:4; Gen. 17:4, 5). 3. a multitude generally (e.g., of waters, Jer 10:13; abundance, riches, Ps. 37:16). 4. inward commotion (Is. 63:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1995

I. הָמוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 85) noun masculine^{1 Samuel 4:14} (feminine Job 31:34) — sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance.

— הָמוֹן absolute 1 Samuel 4:14 + 27 times (including 2 Kings 25:11); construct הֲמוֹן Genesis 17:4 + 30 times; suffix הֲמוֹנוֹ Isaiah 5:13, Ezekiel 31:18 (Qere); הַמוֹנָהּ Isaiah 5:14, Ezekiel 7:12; הֲמֹנָהּ Ezekiel 29:19; הֲמוֹנָם Isaiah 31:4, Ezekiel 7:11; plural הֲמֹנִים Joel 4:14; suffix הֲמוֹנֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:30.

1. Sound, murmur, rush, roar

Especially sound made by a crowd of people, murmur, roar:

• Psalm 65:8 (+ לְאֻמִּים; parallel שְׁאוֹן יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 13:4 (sound of a roaring; parallel קוֹל שְׁאוֹן)
• Isaiah 33:3; Daniel 10:6
• Isaiah 17:12 (הֲמוֹן עַמִּים; compared with הֲמוֹת יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 31:4 (of a throng of shepherds)
• Of a city: Job 39:7; Isaiah 32:14 (noisy city); Isaiah 5:14
• Of the sound of songs: Ezekiel 26:13; Amos 5:23
• Of crying: 1 Samuel 4:14 (+ קוֹל צְעָקָה)
• Figurative of sympathy: Isaiah 63:15 (הֲמוֹן מֵעִים; parallel רַחֲמִים)
• Of rain: 1 Kings 18:41 (קוֹל הֲמוֹן הַגֶּשֶׁם); Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16
• Of rumbling chariot-wheels: Jeremiah 47:3

2. Tumult, confusion

As occasioning a roar:

• 1 Samuel 14:19
• 2 Samuel 18:29

3. Crowd, multitude

a. Frequently of a great army

• Judges 4:7; 1 Samuel 14:16
• 1 Kings 20:13, 28
• Isaiah 29:5 (twice)
• 2 Chronicles 13:8; 14:10; 20:2, 12, 15, 24; 32:7
• Ezekiel 39:11, 15 (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג)
• Daniel 11:10–13 (parallel חַיִל גָּדוֹל)

b. Of a whole people

• 2 Samuel 6:19; Isaiah 5:13; Isaiah 16:14
• Ezekiel 7:11, 14
• Ezekiel 29:19; 30:10, 15
• Ezekiel 31:2, 18
• Ezekiel 32:12, 16, 18, 20, 24–26, 31, 32

c. Of any great throng

• 2 Kings 7:13; 2 Kings 25:11 (compare Jeremiah 52:15)
• Psalm 42:5; Job 31:34 (הָמוֹן רַבָּה)
• Ezekiel 23:42
• Genesis 17:4, 5 (Priests' Code)
• Isaiah 29:7, 8
• Under figure of overwhelming mass of waves: Jeremiah 51:42

4. Great number, abundance (late)

• Of women: 2 Chronicles 11:23
• Of cattle: Jeremiah 49:32
• Of materials for temple: 1 Chronicles 29:16
• Of tithes and gifts: 2 Chronicles 31:10

5. Abundance, wealth

• Psalm 37:16
• Ecclesiastes 5:9 (parallel כֶּסֶף)
• Isaiah 60:5 (הֲמוֹן יָם; parallel חֵיל גּוֹיִם)

¹ F. Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

² C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ Priests' Code (P Source).

⁴ A. B. Davidson, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1892).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: πλῆθοσ --- '' πλοῦτοσ ἰσχὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1995a:

πλῆθοσ 23× (25.4%)

--- 5× (6.3%)

'' 5× (5.4%)

πλοῦτοσ 3× (3.4%)

ἰσχὺσ 3× (3.2%)

ἤχου 2× (2.5%)

συναγωγὴν 2× (2.5%)

πολλῶν 2× (2.3%)

θορύβου 2× (2.3%)

πλοῦτον 2× (2.3%)

עריצי עָרִיצֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עריץ

ʻârîyts

Definition

fearful, i.e. powerful or tyrannical

Root

from H6206 (ערץ);

Exhaustive

from ערץ; fearful, i.e. powerful or tyrannical; mighty, oppressor, in great power, strong, terrible, violent.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6184

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָרִיץ

adjective • Root ערץ • Strongs / High • Page 1134

Prop. terrifying, spreading fear; hence violent, tyrannical, and substantively a powerful one (of God or nations); a violent man, a tyrant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָרִיץ

m. dec. i. • Root ערץ • Page 527

1. strong, mighty, spoken of Jehovah. 2. in a bad sense, violent, tyrannical; a tyrant, oppressor.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6184

I. עָרִיץ adjective — awe-inspiring, terror-striking.

— עָרִיץ of י׳, כְּגִבּוֺר עָרִיץ Jeremiah 20:11; plural as substantive עָרִיצִים, in bad sense of formidable adversaries.

1. Formidable adversaries

a. Personal and national

• Personal: Jeremiah 15:21 ("" רָעִים), Job 6:23 ("" צָר)
• National: Psalm 54:5 ("" זָרִים), = עֲדַת עָרִיצִים Psalm 86:14 ("" זֵדִים), הֲמוֺן עָרִיצִים Isaiah 29:5 ("" זָרָ֑יִח)
• Especially of Chaldeans: Isaiah 13:11
• construct עָרִצֵי גוֺיִם most terrifying of the nations Ezekiel 28:7 ("" זָרִים), Ezekiel 30:11, Ezekiel 31:12 ("" זָרִים), Ezekiel 32:12
• So (probably) singular עָרִיץ Isaiah 49:25 (read עָרִיץ also for צַדִּיק Isaiah 49:24, so Lo Ew Che Gr and others)

2. Without specific reference

• גּוֺיִם עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:3 awe-inspiring nations (Du Che take עָרִיץ as substantive)
• רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4 (strike out as gloss Di and others)
• זְמִיר עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:5 (strike out verse as gloss Du Che)

3. Late usage, of wicked in general

a. As ruthless

• רָאִיתִי רָשָׁע עָרִיץ Psalm 37:35 I have seen a wicked man ruthless

b. As substantive

• Isaiah 29:20 ("" לֵץ)
• Job 15:20 ("" רָשָׁע)
• plural Job 27:13 ("" id.)
• Proverbs 11:16
• Read also עָרִיצִים Isaiah 11:4 (for MT אֶרֶץ), so Che Br^MP Du Gr and others ("" רָשָׁע)

Adjective adjective masculine plural construct

LXX: λοιμοὶ δυναστῶν ἀδικουμένων

LXX Usage Statistics

H6184:

λοιμοὶ 3× (16.6%)

δυναστῶν 2× (11.0%)

ἀδικουμένων 2× (10.2%)

גוים גוֹים

backside ones [nations]

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גוי

gôwy

Definition

a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

Root

rarely (shortened) גי; apparently from the same root as H1465 (גוה) (in the sense of massing);

Exhaustive

rarely (shortened) גי; apparently from the same root as גוה (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts; Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1471

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גּוֹי

noun masculine • Root גוה • Strongs / High • Page 312

1. The body, properly belly; figuratively a being or person. 2. A connected mass, hence people, populace; most frequently a non-Israelite or heathen people; also a troop or flock of animals.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גּוֹי

noun masculine • Page 132

1. people, nation, in the widest sense. 2. especially foreign nations, those not Hebrew. References: Zeph. 2:9, Deut. 32:43, Joel 1:6, Prov. 30:25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1471

I. גּוֺי (approximate number of occurrences: 561) noun masculine — nation, people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id. Gentiles
• Phoenician גו community
• Sabean גו id.¹

— גּוֺי absolute Genesis 12:2 (121 times); suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zephaniah 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Psalm 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezekiel 36:13, 14, 15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co²); plural גּוֺיִם Genesis 10:5 (410 times) + Qr Genesis 25:23; Psalm 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 times Ezekiel; construct גּוֺיֵי Genesis 18:18 (8 times), גּוֺיֵ 2 Chronicles 32:13, Ezra 6:21; suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Genesis 10:5, 20, 31, 32.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Specifically of descendants of Abraham

• (+ גּוֺי גָּדוֺל) Genesis 12:2 (Jehovist Source)
• גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:6; הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:4, 15 (Priests' Code)
• Of Sarah גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:16 (Priests' Code)
• Of Ishmael גּוֺי Genesis 21:13 (Elohist Source)
• Of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• Of Jacob and Esau as two nations Genesis 25:23 (Jehovist Source)

b. Definitely of Israel

• Exodus 19:6 (+ גּוֺי קָדוֺשׁ); Exodus 33:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:6 (+ הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה)
• Psalm 33:12; Jeremiah 31:36; Ezekiel 37:22
• In narrative: Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1; Joshua 5:8 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezekiel 35:10; Ezekiel 37:22
• Of Israel/Judah as sinful: Isaiah 1:4; Jeremiah 5:9, 29; Malachi 3:9

c. Usually of non-Hebrew peoples (heathen)

• Exodus 9:24; Exodus 34:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Leviticus 25:44 (Holiness Code)
• Opposed to Israel as עַם י׳: 2 Samuel 7:23; 1 Chronicles 17:21
• גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם circle or district of the nations Isaiah 8:23
• חֲרשֶׁת הַגּוֺיִם Charosheth of the nations Judges 4:2, 13, 16
• מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּל king of nations belonging to Gilgal Joshua 12:23

2. Figurative usage

• Of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6
• Of all species of beasts Zephaniah 2:14

3. Proper name

גּוֺיִם proper name of a people Genesis 14:1, 9 in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian or Elamitic name corrupted.³

¹ Müller, D. H., Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1883, p. 348.

² Cornill, C. H., Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî, a people northeast of Babylonia; compare Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT); Delitzsch, F., Wo lag das Paradies? (Pa).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔθνη ἐθνῶν ἔθνεσιν ἔθνοσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1471a:

ἔθνη 194× (34.6%)

ἐθνῶν 125× (22.1%)

ἔθνεσιν 88× (13.3%)

ἔθνοσ 76× (14.1%)

'' 18× (3.0%)

ἔθνουσ 13× (2.3%)

ἔθνει 8× (1.5%)

pἀπὸ 4× (0.8%)

--- 4× (0.8%)

λαὸσ 4× (0.7%)

כלם כֻּלָּם

all of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

ושדדו וְשָׁדְדוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שדד

shâdad

Definition

properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage; dead, destroy(-er), oppress, robber, spoil(-er), [idiom] utterly, (lay) waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7703

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁדַד

verb • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1385

To be strong, firm, hard; hence to make hard, strong, to strengthen, to oppress, to attack with violence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂדַד

verb • Root שדד • Page 634

found only in Pi. to harrow. Is. 28:24. Job 39:10. Hos. 10:11.

שָׁדַד

verb • Page 656

1. To oppress, destroy. Ps. 17: 9; Prov. 11: 3. 2. To desolate, lay waste a country or city. Ps. 137: 8; Jer. 25: 36, 47: 4, 49: 28, 5: 6. Includes Niph., Pi., Pu., Po., and Hoph. forms.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7703

I. שָׁדַד (approximate number of occurrences: 56) verb — deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem, Niph`al
• Arabic سدّ (stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm)
• Ethiopic ሰደደ (expel)
• Assyrian šadâdu (draw, drag)

— שָׁדַד absolute Micah 2:4; construct לִשְׁדוֹד Jeremiah 47:4; suffix שַׁדּוּנִי Psalm 17:9, יְשָׁדֵּם Proverbs 11:3, יְשָׁדְדֵם Jeremiah 5:6; plural וְשָׁדְדוּ Ezekiel 32:12, שָׁדְדוּ Jeremiah 49:28; participle active שֹׁדֵד Jeremiah 6:26 + etc.; participle passive שָׁדוּד Judges 5:27, feminine שְׁדוּדָה Psalm 137:8.

1. Qal

a. Violently destroy or slay

• Judges 5:27 (passive)
• Jeremiah 5:6 (wolf subject; "" הִכָּה)
• Jeremiah 47:4 (accusative Philistines; "" הִכְרִית)
• Jeremiah 47:4 (subject י׳)

b. Devastate

• Jeremiah 51:55 (accusative בָּבֶל, subject י׳)
• Psalm 137:8 (read probably הַשֹּׁדֵדָה)
• Ezekiel 32:12 (+ אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם; "" נִשְׁמַד)
• Hosea 10:14
• Jeremiah 25:36 (+ אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם, subject י׳)
• Isaiah 21:2 ("" בָּגַד)
• Isaiah 33:1
• Jeremiah 4:30

c. Despoil, bring to ruin, or assail

• Jeremiah 49:28 (accusative of person)
• Micah 2:4 (Infinitive absolute)
• Proverbs 11:3
• Psalm 17:9

d. Participle active as substantive: devastator (despoiler)

• Isaiah 16:4; Isaiah 21:2; Isaiah 33:1; Jeremiah 6:26
• Obadiah 1:5 (שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה; "" גַּנָּבִים)
• Job 15:21 (personal foe)
• Job 12:6 (representing wicked; "" מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל)

2. Niph`al

be utterly ruined:

• שָׁדוֹד נְשַׁדֻּנוּ Micah 2:4

3. Pi`el

assault, maltreat:

• אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד Proverbs 24:15 ("" אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב)
• מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Proverbs 19:26 ("" יַבְרִיחַ אֵם)

4. Pu`al

be devastated:

• Isaiah 15:1; Isaiah 23:1, 14
• Jeremiah 4:13, 20; Jeremiah 9:18; Jeremiah 10:20
• Jeremiah 48:1, 15, 20; Jeremiah 49:3, 10
• Nahum 3:7; Zechariah 11:2–3
• Joel 1:10

5. Po`el

violently destroy:

• יְשֹׁרֵד Hosea 10:2 (+ מַצֵּבוֹתָם; "" יַעֲרֹף מִזְבְּחוֹתָם)

6. Hoph`al

(or Qal passive) be devastated:

• יוּשַּׁד Hosea 10:14
• תּוּשַּׁד Isaiah 33:1

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person common plural

LXX: τεταλαιπώρηκεν ὤλετο ὄλεθροσ ταλαιπωρία ὠλέθρευσεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7703:

τεταλαιπώρηκεν 6× (10.3%)

ὤλετο 6× (9.8%)

ὄλεθροσ 2× (3.4%)

ταλαιπωρία 2× (3.4%)

ὠλέθρευσεν 2× (3.4%)

ἐταλαιπωρήσαμεν 2× (3.4%)

ἀπώλετο 2× (3.4%)

ἀπολεῖται 2× (3.4%)

ταλαίπωροσ 2× (3.2%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

גאון גְּאוֹן

magnificence/pomp

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גאון

gâʼôwn

Definition

{arrogance or majesty; by implication, (concretely) ornament}

Root

from H1342 (גאה); the same as H1346 (גאוה)xlit gaʻăvâh corrected to gaʼăvâh

Exhaustive

from גאה; the same as גאוהxlit gaʻăvâh corrected to gaʼăvâh; {arrogance or majesty; by implication, (concretely) ornament}; arrogancy, excellency(-lent), majesty, pomp, pride, proud, swelling.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1347

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּא

adjective / masculine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Low • Page 290

High-minded, proud (abridged from גֵּאָה).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּאוֹן

m. verbal / dec. iii • Root גאה • Page 122

1. exaltation, greatness, majesty, especially of God. Ex. 15:7, Mic. 5:3, Job 37:4, 40:10, Is. 60:15. 2. pride, haughtiness, arrogance. Job 38:11, Ezek. 7:24, 16:49, 56, Prov. 16:18, Is. 14:18, Am. 6:8. 3. that whereof any one is proud. Ps. 47:5, Am. 6:8. 4. the pride or glory of Jordan, referring to its overgrown banks that formed a residence for wild beasts. Jer. 12:5, 49:19, 50:44, Zech. 11:3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1347

I. גָּאוֺן (approximate number of occurrences: 46) noun masculine — exaltation.

— גָּאוֺן absolute Job 40:10 (5 times); construct גְּאוֺן Leviticus 26:19 (31 times); suffix גְּאוֺנְךָ Exodus 15:7 (9 times); plural suffix גְּאוֺנָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 16:56.

1. Exaltation, majesty, excellence

a. Of nations, their wealth, power, magnificence of buildings

• Egypt: Ezekiel 32:12
• Chaldeans: Isaiah 13:11, Isaiah 13:19, Isaiah 14:11
• Philistines: Zechariah 9:6
• Assyria: Zechariah 10:11
• Jacob: Psalm 47:5, Amos 6:8, Amos 8:7, Nahum 2:3
• Israel: Hosea 5:5, Hosea 7:10 (probably appellation of יהוה), Nahum 2:3
• Judah and Jerusalem: Jeremiah 13:9 (twice in verse), Ezekiel 16:56
• גְּאוֺן עֻזָּהּ pride of her strength: Ezekiel 30:6, Ezekiel 30:18, Ezekiel 33:28
• גאון עזים: Ezekiel 7:24 (but ᵐ5¹ Ew² Hi³ Co⁴ read עזם)
• גאון עזכם: Leviticus 26:19, Ezekiel 24:21
• The fruit of land of Judah will become לגאון ולתפארת majestic and beautiful: Isaiah 4:2
• גאון כל צבי the majesty of all the splendour (of Tyre): Isaiah 23:9
• Zion is to become גאון עולם an everlasting excellency: Isaiah 60:15

b. Of God

• Exodus 15:7, Isaiah 24:14, Micah 5:3
• הֲדַר גְּאֹנוֺ: Isaiah 2:10, Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21
• יַרְעֵם בְּקוֺל גְּאוֺנוֺ: Job 37:4
• עֲדֵה נָא גָּאוֺן וָגֹבַהּ: Job 40:10

c. Physical majesty

• גאון הירדן majesty of Jordan, referring to the green and shady banks: Jeremiah 49:19, Jeremiah 50:44, Zechariah 11:3; and therefore dangerous: Jeremiah 12:5 (Ew² thinks of the swelling of its agitated waters)
• גְּאוֺן גַּלֶּיךָ majesty of thy waves: Job 38:11

2. Pride (bad sense)

• Job 35:12
• Psalm 59:13
• Proverbs 8:13
• Proverbs 16:18
• Ezekiel 7:20
• Ezekiel 16:49
• Zephaniah 2:10
• Of Moab: Isaiah 16:6 (twice in verse) = Jeremiah 48:29 (twice in verse)

¹ ᵐ5 Septuagint.

² Heinrich Ewald.

³ Ferdinand Hitzig.

⁴ Carl Cornill.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὕβριν ὕβρισ ὕβρεωσ φρύαγμα ἰσχύοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1347:

ὕβριν 13× (25.6%)

ὕβρισ 7× (13.9%)

ὕβρεωσ 3× (6.4%)

φρύαγμα 3× (6.0%)

ἰσχύοσ 3× (5.7%)

ὑπερηφανίαν 3× (5.4%)

ὑπερηφανίασ 2× (4.1%)

δόξῃ 2× (3.1%)

מצרים מִצְרַיִם

of Dual-Siege

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מצרים

Mitsrayim

Definition

Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt

Root

dual of H4693 (מצור);

Exhaustive

dual of מצור; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt; Egypt, Egyptians, Mizraim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4714

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

dual proper noun • Root מצר • Strongs / High • Page 897

1. A son of Ham, then the name of the race of the Egyptians descended from him; collectively the Egyptians. 2. The land of Egypt, often denoting both upper and lower Egypt. The dual form is thought to refer to the two parts of the country.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

fem. dual • Page 400

Egypt, the name of a country. Construed with a verb in the singular, Hos. 9:6. The gentile noun is מִצְרִי, plur. מִצְרִים, an Egyptian; fem. מִצְרִית an Egyptian woman.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4714

I. מִצְרַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 681) proper name, of a territory and people, feminine Exodus 10:7, masculine Exodus 12:33, masculine plural Genesis 41:55 etc. (see below 2) — Egypt, Egyptians.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מצרם
• Assyrian Miṣir(u), Muṣru, Miṣir
• Tel Amarna Miṣrî, Mašrî
• Arabic مصر Cairo, Egypt
• Minean Miṣru
• Greek Αιγυπτος

— מִצְרַ֫יִם Genesis 13:1 +; מִצְרָ֑יִם Genesis 37:36 +; מִצְרַיְמָה Genesis 12:10 (12 times); מִצְרָ֑יְמָה Genesis 12:11 (14 times); derivatives and form dubious; יִַ֯ם usually regarded as dual term (Upper and Lower Egypt? compare Di¹), but as locative ending EMey² Ba³; Jen⁴ thinks מִצְרַיִם absolute formed by analogy of מַיִם, שָׁמַיִם from Miṣrî.

1. Of land, Egypt

a. Usage

• Genesis 13:1 (approximately 500 times), in all periods, including אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם Genesis 13:10 + (approximately 220 times; feminine Genesis 47:6, 13).
• אַדְמַת מִצְרַיִם (the soil of Egypt) Genesis 47:20, 26.
• מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exodus 7:19; Exodus 8:2.
• נְהַר מִצְרַיִם Genesis 15:18.
• יְאֹר מִצְרַיִם Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5.
• יְאֹרֵי מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 7:18.
• שִׁיחוֺר מִצְרַיִם 1 Chronicles 13:5.
• לְשׁוֺן יָם־מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 11:15.
• נַחַל מִצְרַיִם Joshua 15:4 + 6 times.
• Land as productive: Genesis 45:20; Genesis 49:23; compare שֵׁשׁ בְּרִקְמָה מִמִּצְרַיִם Ezekiel 27:7, אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Proverbs 7:16.
• Often parallel with כּוּשׁ: Isaiah 20:3–5; Isaiah 45:14; Ezekiel 30:4, 9.
• Parallel with אַשּׁוּר: Hosea 11:11; Hosea 12:1; Isaiah 7:18; Jeremiah 2:18.
• Including Upper Egypt (פַּתְרוֺס), as well as Lower: Jeremiah 44:1; compare Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:6; distinguished from Upper Egypt Isaiah 11:11; Jeremiah 44:15.

2. Of people

a. In table of nations

• Personified as second son of Ham Genesis 10:6 = 1 Chronicles 1:8; compare Genesis 10:13 = 1 Chronicles 1:11.

b. Egyptians (as a people)

• Genesis 41:56 + approximately 134 times, including use as Egyptian Kingdom or political power.
• With verb feminine singular: אָֽבְדָה מִצְרַיִם Exodus 10:7; Hosea 9:6; Joel 4:19; and pronoun feminine singular Ezekiel 30:18.
• With verb masculine singular: Exodus 12:33; Exodus 14:25; Isaiah 19:16, 23, 25; Jeremiah 46:8.
• With verb masculine plural: Genesis 41:55; Isaiah 19:21, 23 (+ 22 times).
• Phrases: בְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם Ezekiel 16:26; בְּתוּלַת בַּת מִצְרַיִם Jeremiah 46:11, 19, 24.
• In 1 Kings 10:28; 2 Chronicles 1:16–17; 2 Kings 7:6, Winckler thinks of Assyrian Muṣri in North Syria or North Arabia.

¹ August Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis (1892).

² Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, I. § 42.

³ Jakob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (NB), p. 319.

⁴ Peter Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), iv (1889), 268 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: αἰγύπτου αἰγύπτῳ αἴγυπτον αἰγυπτίων pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4714:

αἰγύπτου 328× (45.8%)

αἰγύπτῳ 101× (13.6%)

αἴγυπτον 79× (10.3%)

αἰγυπτίων 26× (3.3%)

pεἰσ 22× (3.2%)

αἰγύπτιοι 20× (2.4%)

αἰγύπτιοι 15× (1.9%)

αἰγυπτίοισ 14× (1.7%)

'' 14× (1.7%)

αἰγυπτίουσ 12× (1.5%)

ונשמד וְנִשְׁמַד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמד

shâmad

Definition

to desolate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to desolate; destory(-uction), bring to nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1444

(Kal not used) tr. to destroy, to annihilate, to extirpate (Nif. to be laid waste, desolated; Hif. to destroy, waste, extirpate).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁמַד

verb • Page 684

To destroy. Reference: Dan. 7:26.

שָׁמַד

verb • Page 684

In Kal not used. Hiph. הִשְׁמִיד: 1. to destroy (e.g., cities, altars). Lev. 26:30; Num. 33:52. 2. more frequently to destroy (e.g., men, nations). Deut. 1:27; 2:12, 21, 22, 23. Niph. pass. 1. to be laid waste (of a plain, high places). Jer. 48:8; Hos. 10:8. 2. to be destroyed. Gen. 34:30; Ps. 37:38.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8045

I. שָׁמַד (approximate number of occurrences: 90) verb — be exterminated, destroyed (Late Hebrew derived species; Aramaic שְׁמַד Pa`el cause to apostatize).

Cognates:

• Aramaic שְׁמַד
• Assyrian ašmud

— Niph`al be annihilated, destroyed. Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְנִשְׁמַד Ezekiel 32:12 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁמֵ Isaiah 48:19, Proverbs 14:11; 2 masculine plural תִּשָּׁמֵד֑וּן Deuteronomy 4:26; Infinitive absolute הִשָּׁמֵד Deuteronomy 4:26; construct suffix הִשָּׁמֶדְךָ Deuteronomy 28:20 etc.

1. Of person

be annihilated, exterminated:

• Genesis 34:30 (Jehovist Source)
• Judges 21:16
• 2 Samuel 21:5 (+ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב בְּ; but read לְהַשְׁמִידֵגוּ according to Septuagint³)
• Psalm 37:38 (parallel נִכְדָת)
• Psalm 83:11
• of people: Deuteronomy 4:26 (הִשָּׁמֵד תּשּׁ), Deuteronomy 7:23, Deuteronomy 12:30
• (+ מִמָּנֶתךָ) Deuteronomy 28:20 (parallel אָבַד Deuteronomy 28:24, 28:45, 28:51, 28:61)
• Jeremiah 48:42 (+ מֵעִם)
• Ezekiel 33:12
• Psalm 92:8 (+ עֲדֵי־עַד)
• Isaiah 48:19 (וְלֹא יִשָּׁמֵד שְׁמוֺ מִלְּפָנָי֑; parallel יִכָרֵת)

2. Of things and land

a. Of bamoth

• Hosea 10:8
• Compare בֵּית רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 14:11

b. Of land

• Jeremiah 48:8 (parallel אבר)

— Hiph`il (approximate number of occurrences: 69) annihilate, exterminate, destroy. Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁמִיד Deuteronomy 2:22 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁמִיד Isaiah 13:9 +, וַיַּשְׁמֵד 1 Kings 16:12, 2 Kings 10:28 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשְׁמֵד Deuteronomy 33:27; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁמֵד Isaiah 14:28, Amos 9:8; construct לְהַשְׁמִיר Joshua 9:24 +, also עַד הִשְׁמִידְךָ Deuteronomy 7:24, וֺ Deuteronomy 28:48, ָ֯ם Joshua 11:14 (but read הַשׁ in all, as Joshua 23:15), לַשְׁמִד Isaiah 23:11 etc.

1. Annihilate, exterminate

a. Accusative of person or a people

• Subject יהוה or human person, Deuteronomy 1:27
• Deuteronomy 2:22 (+ מִמְּנֵי)
• Deuteronomy 6:15 (+ מֵעַל מְּֿנֵי הָאֲרָמָה)
• Deuteronomy 9:20 (16 times in Deuteronomy)
• Joshua 7:12 (accusative הַחֵרֶם; + מִקִּרְבְּכֶם)
• Joshua 9:24 (4 times in Joshua; Deuteronomic Redactor)
• 2 Kings 14:16
• 1 Kings 13:34
• Amos 9:8
• Isaiah 13:9; Isaiah 26:14
• Esther 3:6, 13
• אֶת שְׁמִי הִשׁ 1 Samuel 24:22 (Ginsburg, verse 21)
• 2 Samuel 22:38; 1 Kings 16:12; Psalm 145:20
• הַשְׁמֵד as substantive, Isaiah 14:23 besom of extermination
• accusative אֶת הַבַּעַל 2 Kings 10:28 (of extirpating Baal-worship מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל)

b. Figurative usage

• Accusative מִּרְיוֺ וְשָׁרָשָׁיו Amos 2:9
• Compare Ezekiel 34:16 (but Versions, Cornill, Toy and others read אֶשְׁמֹר)

2. Destroy

• Cities: Micah 5:13
• Fortresses: Isaiah 23:11
• Bamoth: Leviticus 26:30 (Holiness Code), Numbers 33:52 (Priests' Code; parallel אִבֵּד)
• Strength of kingdoms: Haggai 2:22

¹ Gerber, W., Die hebräischen Verba denominativa, Leipzig, 1896, p. 112.

² Barth, J., Etymologische Studien zum semitischen insbesondere zum hebräischen Lexicon, 1893 (Ba ES 10).

³ Septuagint (ᵐ5).

⁴ Nöldeke, Th., in Euting's Nabatäische Inschriften, 1885, p. 32.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτοὺσ ἐξολεθρεύσῃ αὐτούσ ἀφανίσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8045:

ἐξολεθρεῦσαι 11× (10.7%)

αὐτοὺσ 8× (5.7%)

ἐξολεθρεύσῃ 7× (6.9%)

αὐτούσ 5× (4.1%)

ἀφανίσαι 4× (3.9%)

ἐξολεθρεύσει 4× (3.9%)

ἀφανιῶ 3× (2.6%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (2.4%)

ἐξέτριψαν 3× (2.9%)

ἐξολεθρευθῶσιν 2× (1.7%)

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

המונה הֲמוֹנָהּ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

המון

hâmôwn

Definition

a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth

Root

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from H1993 (המה);

Exhaustive

or המן; (Ezekiel 5:7), from המה; a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth; abundance, company, many, multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store, tumult.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1995

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 405

1. a splash of rain; noise, sound (of song, thunder, etc.); especially a tumultuous noise, a crowd, a multitude; fulness, riches. 2. A proper name of the supreme Egyptian god, for אָמוֹן (Amon).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָמוֹן

noun masculine • Root המה • Page 190

Verbal from הָמָה. 1. sound, noise (e.g., of rain, 1 K. 18:41; music, Ezek. 26:13; tumult of a crowd, 1 Sam. 4:14). 2. a multitude or crowd of people (Is. 13:4; Gen. 17:4, 5). 3. a multitude generally (e.g., of waters, Jer 10:13; abundance, riches, Ps. 37:16). 4. inward commotion (Is. 63:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1995

I. הָמוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 85) noun masculine^{1 Samuel 4:14} (feminine Job 31:34) — sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance.

— הָמוֹן absolute 1 Samuel 4:14 + 27 times (including 2 Kings 25:11); construct הֲמוֹן Genesis 17:4 + 30 times; suffix הֲמוֹנוֹ Isaiah 5:13, Ezekiel 31:18 (Qere); הַמוֹנָהּ Isaiah 5:14, Ezekiel 7:12; הֲמֹנָהּ Ezekiel 29:19; הֲמוֹנָם Isaiah 31:4, Ezekiel 7:11; plural הֲמֹנִים Joel 4:14; suffix הֲמוֹנֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:30.

1. Sound, murmur, rush, roar

Especially sound made by a crowd of people, murmur, roar:

• Psalm 65:8 (+ לְאֻמִּים; parallel שְׁאוֹן יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 13:4 (sound of a roaring; parallel קוֹל שְׁאוֹן)
• Isaiah 33:3; Daniel 10:6
• Isaiah 17:12 (הֲמוֹן עַמִּים; compared with הֲמוֹת יַמִּים)
• Isaiah 31:4 (of a throng of shepherds)
• Of a city: Job 39:7; Isaiah 32:14 (noisy city); Isaiah 5:14
• Of the sound of songs: Ezekiel 26:13; Amos 5:23
• Of crying: 1 Samuel 4:14 (+ קוֹל צְעָקָה)
• Figurative of sympathy: Isaiah 63:15 (הֲמוֹן מֵעִים; parallel רַחֲמִים)
• Of rain: 1 Kings 18:41 (קוֹל הֲמוֹן הַגֶּשֶׁם); Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16
• Of rumbling chariot-wheels: Jeremiah 47:3

2. Tumult, confusion

As occasioning a roar:

• 1 Samuel 14:19
• 2 Samuel 18:29

3. Crowd, multitude

a. Frequently of a great army

• Judges 4:7; 1 Samuel 14:16
• 1 Kings 20:13, 28
• Isaiah 29:5 (twice)
• 2 Chronicles 13:8; 14:10; 20:2, 12, 15, 24; 32:7
• Ezekiel 39:11, 15 (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג)
• Daniel 11:10–13 (parallel חַיִל גָּדוֹל)

b. Of a whole people

• 2 Samuel 6:19; Isaiah 5:13; Isaiah 16:14
• Ezekiel 7:11, 14
• Ezekiel 29:19; 30:10, 15
• Ezekiel 31:2, 18
• Ezekiel 32:12, 16, 18, 20, 24–26, 31, 32

c. Of any great throng

• 2 Kings 7:13; 2 Kings 25:11 (compare Jeremiah 52:15)
• Psalm 42:5; Job 31:34 (הָמוֹן רַבָּה)
• Ezekiel 23:42
• Genesis 17:4, 5 (Priests' Code)
• Isaiah 29:7, 8
• Under figure of overwhelming mass of waves: Jeremiah 51:42

4. Great number, abundance (late)

• Of women: 2 Chronicles 11:23
• Of cattle: Jeremiah 49:32
• Of materials for temple: 1 Chronicles 29:16
• Of tithes and gifts: 2 Chronicles 31:10

5. Abundance, wealth

• Psalm 37:16
• Ecclesiastes 5:9 (parallel כֶּסֶף)
• Isaiah 60:5 (הֲמוֹן יָם; parallel חֵיל גּוֹיִם)

¹ F. Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

² C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ Priests' Code (P Source).

⁴ A. B. Davidson, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1892).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: πλῆθοσ --- '' πλοῦτοσ ἰσχὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1995a:

πλῆθοσ 23× (25.4%)

--- 5× (6.3%)

'' 5× (5.4%)

πλοῦτοσ 3× (3.4%)

ἰσχὺσ 3× (3.2%)

ἤχου 2× (2.5%)

συναγωγὴν 2× (2.5%)

πολλῶν 2× (2.3%)

θορύβου 2× (2.3%)

πλοῦτον 2× (2.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
By the swords of the strong will I cause thy multitude to fall, the terrible of the nations, all of them: and they destroyed the pride of Egypt, and all her multitude were destroyed.

LITV Translation:
By the swords of the mighty I will make your host fall, by the fearful of the nations, all of them. And they shall spoil the pride of Egypt, and all its host shall be destroyed.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
with the swords of mighty men; and I will cast down thy strength: they are all destroying ones from the nations, and they shall destroy the pride of Egypt, and all her strength shall be crushed.