Ezekiel 28:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מרב מֵרֹב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רב

rôb

Definition

abundance (in any respect)

Root

from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

from רבב; abundance (in any respect); abundance(-antly), all, [idiom] common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number), huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much, multitude, plenty(-ifully), [idiom] very (age).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7230

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

רָב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1324

1. for רַב (from רָבַב I.). 2. same as רִיב strife, in the bones, i. e. fever-heat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֹב

m. dec. viii. h. • Root רבב • Page 604

According to the versions, an arrow, or an archer. See רָבַב no. II. Job 16:13.

רֹב

noun masculine / infin. • Root רבב • Page 604

Strictly an infin. from רָבַב. [Entry continues onto next page].

רֹב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Page 605

1. multitude, number (Lev. 25:16, Is. 1:11). לָרֹב abundantly, very much (Gen. 30:30, 48:16, Deut. 1:10). 2. greatness. רָב-כֹּחַ greatness of strength (Ps. 33:16, 51:3).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7230

I. רֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 151) noun masculine — multitude, abundance, greatness.

— רֹב absolute Genesis 16:10 +; רוֺב 1 Chronicles 4:38, 2 Chronicles 31:10 + Job 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב); construct רֹב Exodus 15:7 + (רֹבֿ Job 37:23); רָב Job 23:6 +; plural construct רֻבֵּי Hosea 8:12 (see below).

1. Multitude

a. Of persons and things

• Of persons: Hosea 10:13; Proverbs 14:28; Proverbs 20:6; Esther 10:3 +
• Of things: Isaiah 1:11; Isaiah 47:12; Ezekiel 27:18; Leviticus 27:16; Proverbs 10:19; Job 11:2 +
• Great quantity or abundance: Genesis 27:28; Hosea 9:7 + often
• Whole number: Job 4:14; Job 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב)

b. Adverbial and prepositional uses

• Of time: רֹב שָׁנִים Job 32:8; בְּרֹב יָמִים Ecclesiastes 11:1
• לָרֹב for multitude (in similes like sand or stars): Joshua 11:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 13:5; 2 Samuel 17:11 + 10 times
• As adverb (abundantly): Genesis 30:30 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 48:16 (Elohist Source); 1 Kings 1:19, 25; Nehemiah 9:25; Zechariah 14:14; 1 Chronicles 4:30
• מֵרֹב from (for) multitude of: Deuteronomy 7:7; Deuteronomy 28:47; 1 Kings 7:47; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 32:13 (Jehovist Source); 1 Kings 3:8; 1 Kings 8:5

2. Greatness

• Of speech or complaint: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי 1 Samuel 1:16
• Of mercy or lovingkindness: רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Nehemiah 13:22; Psalm 5:8; Psalm 69:14; Psalm 106:45
• Of strength or power: רֹב כֹּחַ Isaiah 63:1; Job 23:6; Job 30:18; Psalm 33:16
• Of journey (length): בְּרֹב דַּרְכֵּךְ Isaiah 57:10
• Of the law: רֻבֵּי תוֺרָתִי Hosea 8:12 Qr greatnesses [great things] of my law (form dubious, perhaps read רֹב תּוֺרֹתַי).

¹ Ginsburg, C. D., Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible.

² Baer, S., and Delitzsch, Fr., Textum Masoreticum accuratissime expressit.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Elohist Source.

⁵ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁶ Septuagint (ᵐ5).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πλῆθοσ πλήθει πλήθουσ πολλὰ πολλῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7230:

πλῆθοσ 52× (33.5%)

πλήθει 21× (13.4%)

πλήθουσ 20× (12.7%)

πολλὰ 5× (3.4%)

πολλῇ 5× (3.0%)

--- 4× (3.2%)

πολλά 3× (2.4%)

πολλὴν 3× (2.3%)

πολλὴ 2× (1.6%)

πολλή 2× (1.6%)

עוניך עֲוֹנֶ֗יךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עון

ʻâvôn

Definition

perversity, i.e. (moral) evil

Root

or עוון; (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (H7 (אבד))), from H5753 (עוה);

Exhaustive

or עוון; (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (אבד)), from עוה; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil; fault, iniquity, mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5771

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹן

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1066

1. perverseness (comp. Aram. עַוְיָא), hence metaphor. sin, guilt, crime, of a people or race. 2. the oppression, suffering, misfortune, destruction, punishment arising from crime.

Matched via consonantal key only

עִוּן

intransitive verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

II. (Not used) Intransitive: to glow, to burn, of the east wind; Ar. غَام to gape, to thirst.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָוּן

intransitive verb • Root עון • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

I. (Not used) Intransitive: same as אָוִן I. To breathe, to blow, therefore figuratively: 1. to be empty, transient, null; 2. to be sinful, wicked, false; 3. to be idolatrous, heathenish.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָוּן

intransitive verb • Root עון • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

II. (Not used) Intransitive: 1. Properly, to bend, to settle; hence to dwell, to abide (of men and God); to have a lair (of animals); metaphorically, to find protection, refuge. 2. To cohabit, to consummate marriage.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוּן

verb • Page 496

To dwell. Root of מָעוֹן.

עָוֹן

noun masculine • Root עוה • Page 496

Perverseness, sins; plur. עֲוֹנִים and עֲוֹנוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5771

I. עָוֺן (עָווֺן) noun masculine^{Isaiah 22:14} — iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity.

— עָוֺן absolute Exodus 21:43 +; עָווֺן 2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:7; construct עֲוֺן Genesis 15:16 +; עֲווֺן 1 Chronicles 21:8; suffix עֲוֺנִי Genesis 4:13 + (2 Samuel 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֺנְךָ Hosea 9:7 +; עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי Psalm 103:3; עֲוֺ֔נָהֿ Numbers 15:31 (GKC¹ § 91e), etc.; plural עֲוֺנוֺת absolute Psalm 130:3 +, construct Job 13:26 +; עַוֺנֹת absolute Psalm 65:4, construct Leviticus 16:21 +; suffix עֲוֺנֹתֶיךָ Isaiah 43:24, עֲוֺנֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֺנֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:18; עֲוֺנֵינוּ Isaiah 64:6 +, etc. (SS² doubt all these).

1. Iniquity

iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:7; Jeremiah 16:17; Lamentations 2:14; Ezekiel 7:13; (+ חטאת) 1 Samuel 20:1; Job 13:23; Isaiah 5:18; Isaiah 43:24; Isaiah 59:2; Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10; Lamentations 4:6, 13; Daniel 9:16; Hosea 4:8; Hosea 13:12; (+ פשׁע) Job 14:17; Job 31:33; Psalm 107:17; Isaiah 50:1; Isaiah 53:5; (+ אשׁמה) Ezra 9:6, 7, 13; (+ רעה) Job 22:5; Hosea 7:1.

a. Specific phrases

• ע׳ נְעוּרַי Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth
• ע׳ חֶרֶב Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword
• ע׳ מְּלִילִי(םׅ Job 31:11, 28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges
• שְׁתֵּי עֲוֺנֹתָם Hosea 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi and others)
• כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2
• מִכְשׁוֺל ע׳ Ezekiel 7:19; Ezekiel 14:3, 4, 7; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 44:12
• לכל־עון Deuteronomy 19:15
• אשׁתמרה מע׳ 2 Samuel 22:24 = Psalm 18:24
• עָוֺן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Hosea 12:9

b. Iniquity as recognized or confessed

• ידע ע׳ 1 Samuel 3:13; Isaiah 59:12; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20
• התודה ע׳ Leviticus 16:21; Leviticus 26:40 (twice) (Priests' Code); Nehemiah 9:2
• הגיד ע׳ Psalm 38:19
• לא כסה ע׳ Psalm 32:5
• הזכיר ע׳ Numbers 5:15 (Priests' Code); 1 Kings 17:18; Ezekiel 21:28, 29; Ezekiel 29:16
• יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ezekiel 43:10
• שׁוּב מע׳ Daniel 9:13
• השׁיב מע׳ Malachi 2:6

c. Phrases of divine action

• (1) Phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 18:25 (Holiness Code); 2 Samuel 3:8; Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 26:21; Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 36:31; Amos 3:2; פקד ע׳ ב Psalm 89:33; Job 11:6; יסּר על ע׳ Psalm 39:12; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳ לנגדךָ Psalm 90:8; גמל כע׳ Psalm 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ Psalm 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Isaiah 65:7; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 32:18.
• (2) Of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ 2 Samuel 24:10 = 1 Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21; Zechariah 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ Zechariah 3:9; סלח לע׳ Exodus 34:9; Numbers 14:19 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 25:11; Psalm 103:3; Jeremiah 31:34; Jeremiah 33:8; נשׂא ע׳ Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18; Psalm 32:5; Psalm 85:3; Isaiah 33:24; Hosea 14:3; Micah 7:18; סר ע׳ Isaiah 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Micah 7:19.
• (3) Of covering over: כסה על ע׳ Nehemiah 3:37; כמּר ע׳ Psalm 78:38; Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9; Daniel 9:24; כמּר על ע׳ Jeremiah 18:23; יתכמּר ע׳ 1 Samuel 3:14.
• (4) Of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Psalm 51:4; מחה ע׳ Psalm 51:11; طهר מע׳ Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 36:33.
• (5) Of imputing or reckoning: חשׁב ע׳ ל 2 Samuel 19:20; Psalm 32:2; זכר ע׳ (לׅ Psalm 79:8; Isaiah 64:8; Jeremiah 14:10; Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Psalm 109:14.
• (6) Other: בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Job 10:6; Jeremiah 50:20; פדה מע׳ Psalm 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

2. Guilt of iniquity

(not always easy to distinguish from 1; SS give more, Buhl³ fewer, sub 2); — (+ תועבות) Ezekiel 36:31; (+ דם) Isaiah 59:3; (+ חמס) Ezekiel 9:9; ע׳ פעור Joshua 22:17 (Priests' Code); ע׳ סדם Ezekiel 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֺ Isaiah 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ezekiel 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֺנֵךְ לְפָנַי Jeremiah 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Genesis 44:16 (Elohist Source) Psalm 36:3.

a. Phrases of presence

• ב ע׳ guilt of iniquity upon one Numbers 15:31 (Priests' Code); 1 Samuel 20:8; 2 Samuel 14:32
• לא ע׳ לִי Job 33:9 (+ זַךְ)
• בלי־עון Psalm 59:5 without my guilt

b. Guilt as great or increased

• רֹב עָוֺן Jeremiah 13:22; Jeremiah 30:14, 15; Ezekiel 28:18; Hosea 9:7
• לֹא־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Genesis 15:16 (Jehovist Source)
• ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ ראֹשִׁי Psalm 38:5
• ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי Psalm 49:6
• ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Psalm 40:13
• ע׳ גברו מני Psalm 65:4
• עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Isaiah 1:4
• נלקח בע׳ Ezekiel 33:6

c. As a condition

• בע׳ חוללתי was I brought forth Psalm 51:7
• בע׳ גָּוַע expire Joshua 22:20 (Priests' Code)
• בע׳ מות die Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 3:18, 19; Ezekiel 18:17, 18; Ezekiel 33:8, 9

3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity

(SS include most of these under 2; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Genesis 4:13; Isaiah 5:18); —

• אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה 1 Samuel 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.
• נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity (of others) Exodus 28:38; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 16:22; Numbers 30:16 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 4:4, 5, 6; Ezekiel 18:19, 20
• (one's own) Exodus 28:43; Leviticus 5:1, 17; Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17, 19; Leviticus 22:16; Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34; Numbers 18:1, 23 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:10, 12
• גדול ע׳ מנשׂוא Genesis 4:13 (Jehovist Source) my punishment is greater than I can bear
• נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ Isaiah 40:2 her punishment is accepted; compare רצה ע׳ Leviticus 26:41, 43 (Holiness Code)
• ומצאנוּ ע׳ 2 Kings 7:9 punishment will overtake us
• תנה ע׳ על ע׳ Psalm 69:28 add punishment to their punishment
• הוא יסבל ע׳ Isaiah 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear; compare סָבָ֑לְנוּ ע׳ Lamentations 5:7
• הפגיע בו ע׳ Isaiah 53:6
• נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Numbers 5:31 (Priests' Code); Job 10:14
• בי אני העון 1 Samuel 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ 2 Samuel 14:9
• בע׳ with various verbs: Genesis 19:15 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 26:39 (Holiness Code); Psalm 31:11; Psalm 106:43; Jeremiah 51:6; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 7:16; Ezekiel 24:23; Ezekiel 39:23
• עת ע׳ קץ Ezekiel 21:30; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 35:5

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Siegfried-Stade's Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

³ Frants Buhl, Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἀδικίασ ἁμαρτίασ ἀνομίασ ἁμαρτίαν ἀδικίαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5771:

ἀδικίασ 27× (11.9%)

ἁμαρτίασ 26× (10.8%)

ἀνομίασ 23× (8.9%)

ἁμαρτίαν 14× (6.2%)

ἀδικίαν 14× (6.2%)

ἀνομίαν 13× (5.6%)

ἀδικίαισ 10× (3.8%)

ἀδικία 8× (3.7%)

ἀνομία 7× (3.0%)

ἀδικιῶν 6× (2.6%)

בעול בְּעֶוֶל

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עול

ʻevel

Definition

(moral) evil

Root

or עול; and (feminine) עולה; or עולה; or עלה; from H5765 (עול);

Exhaustive

or עול; and (feminine) עולה; or עולה; or עלה; from עול; (moral) evil; iniquity, perverseness, unjust(-ly), unrighteousness(-ly); wicked(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5766

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹלָה

noun / masculine • Root עלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1064

(from עָלָה) m. same as מַעֲגָלָה a step, stairs.

Matched via consonantal key only

עוּלָה

unknown • Root עלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה.

Matched via consonantal key only

עַוְלָה

noun / feminine • Root עול • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1064

(fem. of עָגִיל, poetically lengthened by an accentless a עֲגִילָה) f. a curse, bad thing. Also refers to a perverse, bad, dishonest man.

Matched via consonantal key only

עַוְלָה

noun / feminine • Root עול • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1064

(poet.) fem. 1. same as עֹלָה (Is. 61, 8).

Matched via consonantal key only

עַוְלָה

noun / feminine • Root עלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1064

(from עָלָה) plur. with suff. עֲגֻלֹתֵיהֶם same as מַעֲגָלָה a step, staircase, stairs.

Matched via consonantal key only

עַוְלָה

noun / feminine • Root עלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1064

(from עָלָה) meaning sacrifice, whole burnt-offering, see עֹלָה.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֹולָה

unknown • Root עלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹלָה

noun feminine • Root עלה • Page 496

A burnt-offering. See עֹלָה.

עַוְלָה

f. verbal • Root עול • Page 496

The unrighteous, the wicked, 2 Sam. 3 : 34. Ps. 92: 16. Also contracted לְעַתָה Job 5: 16.

עַוְלָה

noun feminine • Page 509

Unrighteousness, iniquity. Job 5: 16. Identical to עַוְלָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5766

I. עָוֶל noun masculine — injustice, unrighteousness (opposed to צְדָקָה).

— עָוֶל absolute Leviticus 19:15 +; construct עֶוֶל Ezekiel 28:18¹; suffix עַוְלוֹ Ezekiel 18:26, Ezekiel 33:13.

1. Meanings and Uses

• עשׂה עול Leviticus 19:15, 35 (Holiness Code), Deuteronomy 25:16; Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, 26 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 33:13 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 33:15, 18
• פעל ע Job 34:32
• הִתְעִיבוּ ע Psalm 53:2 ("" עֲלִילָה Psalm 14:2)
• שׁפט ע Psalm 82:2
• אישׁ ע Proverbs 29:27
• בְּכַמַּי ע Psalm 7:4
• מצא ע בְּ Jeremiah 2:5, read probably also Ezekiel 28:15 (for עולתה)
• ישׁיב ידוֺ מע Ezekiel 18:8
• בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְךָ Ezekiel 28:18

2. Of God

• אין עול ("" אֱמוּנָה) Deuteronomy 32:4
• חָלִלָה מע Job 34:10

עַוְלָה noun feminine² (? masculine Malachi 2:6³ Ezekiel 28:15 [error for עול]) — injustice, unrighteousness, wrong.

— עַוְלָה Psalm 37:1 24 times; + עוֺלָה Isaiah 61:8 (read probably עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Psalm 125:3, Psalm 92:16 (Qr); עֹלָ֫תָה Psalm 125:16 (Kt), Job 5:16; plural עוֺלוֺת Psalm 58:3, Psalm 64:7.

1. violent deeds of injustice

• בְּנֵי עַוְלָה 2 Samuel 3:34; 2 Samuel 7:10 = 1 Chronicles 17:9
• בֶּן־ע Psalm 89:23, compare בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Hosea 10:9 (read עַוְלָה)
• אישׁ מרמה וע Psalm 43:1; בע Isaiah 61:8
• "" דַּם Micah 3:10; Habakkuk 2:11
• עשׂה ע Psalm 37:1; Zephaniah 3:5, 13
• פעל ע Psalm 58:3; Psalm 119:3; Job 36:23
• שׁלח ידים בע Psalm 125:3

2. injustice of speech

• דבּר ע Job 13:7; Job 27:4
• תהגה לשׁונכם ע Isaiah 59:3
• בלשׁוני ע Job 6:30
• לא נמצא בשׂפה ע Malachi 2:6
• קפצה פיה ע Psalm 107:42; Job 5:16

3. injustice in general

• Psalm 64:7; Job 6:29; Job 11:14; Job 15:16; Job 22:23; Job 24:20
• Job 36:33 (for עוֺלֶה); Proverbs 22:8; Hosea 10:13
• Of God: לא ע בוֺ Psalm 92:16; אֵין עִם י׳ ע 2 Chronicles 19:7

I. עַלְוָה transposed from עַוְלָה Hosea 10:9.

¹ van d. H. עָוֶל, but see Baer & Ginsburg.

² Job 11:14.

³ Ed. König, Hist.-krit. Lehrgebäude d. hebr. Spr. ii. 2, 453, § 345 d; Siegfried & Stade, Heb. Wörterbuch; Albrecht, ZAW xvi (1896), 117.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἄδικον ἀδικία ἀδικίασ ἀδικίαν ἀνομίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5766a:

ἄδικον 7× (12.7%)

ἀδικία 7× (12.5%)

ἀδικίασ 7× (11.6%)

ἀδικίαν 5× (9.3%)

ἀνομίασ 4× (7.4%)

ἀνομίαν 3× (5.0%)

παράπτωμα 2× (3.7%)

ἀδικίαισ 2× (3.2%)

רכלתך רְכֻלָּתְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רכלה

rᵉkullâh

Definition

trade (as peddled)

Root

feminine passive participle of H7402 (רכל);

Exhaustive

feminine passive participle of רכל; trade (as peddled); merchandise, traffic.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7404

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רְכֻלָּה

noun masculine • Root רכל • Strongs / High • Page 1339

trade, traffic, what is gained by trade, goods, wares.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רְכֻלָּה

noun feminine • Root רכל • Page 619

trade, traffic. Ezek. 28:5, 16, 18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7404

I. [רְכֻלָּה] (approximate number of occurrences: 4) noun feminine — traffic, merchandise.

— suffix רְכֻלָּתֵךָ Ezekiel 28:5, Ezekiel 28:16, Ezekiel 28:18; רְכֻלָּתַךְ Ezekiel 26:12.

1. Traffic

• Ezekiel 28:5
• Ezekiel 28:16
• Ezekiel 28:18

2. Merchandise

• Ezekiel 26:12

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐμπορίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7404:

ἐμπορίασ 2× (50.0%)

חללת חִלַּלְתָּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלל

châlal

Definition

properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute)

Root

a primitive root (compare H2470 (חלה)); also denominative (from H2485 (חליל))

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חלה); also denominative (from חליל); properly, to bore, i.e. (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin (as if by an 'opening wedge'); to play (the flute); begin ([idiom] men began), defile, [idiom] break, defile, [idiom] eat (as common things), [idiom] first, [idiom] gather the grape thereof, [idiom] take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain, wound.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2490

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Strongs / High • Page 490

1. (intransitive) To be bored through, perforated, pierced; figuratively, to be wounded or injured. 2. (metaphorically, unused in Qal) To be torn asunder, loosened, open, free, permitted, profane, common, unhallowed. 3. (figuratively, unused in Qal) To loosen, open, i.e., to begin.

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Strongs / High • Page 490

To turn in a circle, to round. (Marked as 'not used').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָלַל

verb • Root חלל • Page 230

1. to bore or pierce through; intrans. to be pierced through or wounded. Ps. 109:22. 2. to loose, to open, to break. Pi. (Piel): 1. to wound, smite. Ezek. 28:9. 2. to break, violate (a covenant). Ps. 55:20. 3. to open, make common (to prostitute). Lev. 19:29. 4. to profane, pollute, defile (the priest, sanctuary, sabbath, name of God). Ex. 31:14; Lev. 18:21; Gen. 49:4. Pu. (Pual): pass. of Piel no 1 and 4. Ezek. 32:26; 36:23. Niph. (Niphal): pass. of Pi. no 4. Ezek. 7:24. Hiph. (Hiphil): 1. to loose, set free. Hos. 8:10. 2. to break or violate (a promise). Num. 30:3. 3. to profane. Ezek. 39:7. 4. to open, to begin. Gen. 10:8; Deut. 2:25; 1 Sam. 3:12.

חָלַל

m. verbal adj. • Root חלל • Page 231

Pierced through; mortally wounded; slain in battle. Also refers to something profane or unholy. Refs: Job 24:12, Ps. 69:27, Jer. 51:22, Deut. 21:1, Num. 19:16, Lam. 4:9, Is. 22:2, Ezek. 21:30, Lev. 21:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2490

I. חָלַל verb — bore, pierce.

Cognates:

• Arabic خل (perforate, pierce through, transfix)
• Ethiopic חלי (hollow) read
• Aramaic חֲלַל (hollow out), חֲלִילָא (pipe)
• Late Hebrew חָלָל (hollow), adjective (slain), חָלִיל (pipe)

— חָלַל;

1. Meanings and Uses by Stem

Qal

Perfect לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Psalm 109:22 (? literally one has pierced my heart; or read Pu`al חֻלַּל ?); Infinitive construct חַלּוֺתִי הִיא Psalm 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound (my woe, my cross; so Ew Hi De Bae MV SS Kö^{i. 341}, but Hup Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֺתִי my sickness).

Pi`el

Participle plural (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֺלְלֶ֑ךָ).

Pu`al

Participle מְחֻלֲלֵי חֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ezekiel 32:26.

Po`el

Perfect 3rd person feminine singular חֹלֲלָה יָדוֺ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; Participle feminine מְחוֺלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Isaiah 51:9 who pierced the dragon.

Po`al

Participle מֲחֹלָל מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ Isaiah 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, "" מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ).

II. [חָלַל] verb denominative — play the pipe, pipe.

Qal

Participle plural וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Psalm 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, compare AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae and others.

Polel

Participle from 1. חוּל dancers.

Pi`el

Participle וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים 1 Kings 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (compare Assyrian ḫâlu, according to D1 in Zim^{BP 117}).

III. [חָלַל] verb — pollute, defile, profane; also Hiph`il begin (literally untie, loosen, open, see Arabic).

Cognates:

• Arabic حلّ (untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie); IV. (make lawful); X. (esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate)
• Late Hebrew חלל (be profane, desecrated)
• Aramaic חֲלַל, Pa`el (purify), Aph`el (profane)

Niph`al

Perfect נִחָ֑ל Ezekiel 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (נִחַלְתִּי- Co) Ezekiel 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ezekiel 7:24; Imperfect יֵחָ֑ל Isaiah 48:11, תֵּחֵל Leviticus 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ezekiel 22:26; Infinitive הֵחֵל Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22, suffix לְהֵחַלּוֺ Leviticus 21:4.

1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself
   • a. ritually, by contact with dead (+ טמא), Leviticus 21:4 (Holiness Code)
   • b. sexually (+ זנה) Leviticus 21:9 (Holiness Code)
2. passive. be polluted, defiled
   • Of holy places Ezekiel 7:24; Ezekiel 25:3
   • Name of God Ezekiel 20:9, 14, 22; Isaiah 48:11
   • God himself Ezekiel 22:16, 26

Pi`el

Perfect חִלֵּל Leviticus 19:8 3 times; suffix חִלִּלוֺ Deuteronomy 20:6; 2masculine singular חִלַּלְתָּ Genesis 49:4; 2feminine singular חִלָּ֑֔לְתְּ Ezekiel 22:8; 3plural suffix חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ezekiel 7:21; Imperfect יְחַלֵּל Leviticus 21:12; Infinitive חַלֵּל Amos 2:7; Participle מְחַלֵּל Ezekiel 24:21; feminine מְחַלֶּלֶת Leviticus 21:9.

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Defile, pollute

• Sexually: Genesis 49:4 (the father's bed); a woman (+ זנה) Leviticus 19:29; Leviticus 21:9; זַרְעוֺ Leviticus 21:15 (Holiness Code)
• Ceremonially: profane the altar by a tool Exodus 20:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); sacred places Leviticus 21:12, 23; Ezekiel 7:21–22; Ezekiel 44:7; Psalm 74:7; the sabbath Exodus 31:14 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 56:2, 6; Nehemiah 13:17–18
• The name of God: Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 19:12; Leviticus 20:3; Leviticus 21:6; Amos 2:7; Ezekiel 36:20–23

b. Violate the honour of, dishonour

• י׳ as subject: crown of Davidic kingdom Psalm 89:40; kingdom of Judah Lamentations 2:2; Isaiah 23:9

c. Violate a covenant or law

• Psalm 55:21; Psalm 89:35; Malachi 2:10; חקות of God Psalm 89:32

d. Treat a vineyard as common

• By beginning to use its fruit Deuteronomy 20:6; Deuteronomy 28:30; Jeremiah 31:5 (compare law in Leviticus 19:23–25)

Pu`al

Participle הַמְֿחֻלָּל Ezekiel 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.

Hiph`il

1. Pollute, violate
   • Imperfect לֹא אַחֵל Ezekiel 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more.
   • Imperfect לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֺ he shall not violate his word Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code).
2. Begin
   • Perfect הֵחֵל Genesis 6:1; הַחִלּוֺתָ Deuteronomy 3:24; Imperfect יָחֵל Judges 13:5; וַיָּ֫חֶל Genesis 9:20; feminine plural וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Genesis 41:54.
   • With Infinitive (ל) begin to: Genesis 6:1; Numbers 25:1; Deuteronomy 2:25; Judges 16:19.
   • With בְּ begin with: Genesis 44:12; Ezekiel 9:6.
   • With מן begin from: Ezekiel 9:6.
   • Imperative הָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:24 begin! possess!
   • Infinitive construct הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 Samuel 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing full purpose).

Hoph`al

Perfect הוּחַל לִקְראֹ בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Genesis 4:26 (Jehovist Source).

Note. — וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hosea 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi and others; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (from חול, חיל) — shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; ᵐ5 reads cease a little from anointing, so Che We.

¹ G. H. A. von Ewald (Ew); F. Hitzig (Hi); F. Delitzsch (De); J. S. G. V. Baehngen (Bae); Gesenius-Kautzsch Hebrew Grammar (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886) (D1).

Verb Piel perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἤρξατο ἤρξαντο ἐβεβήλουν ἐβεβήλωσαν βεβηλώσουσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2490c:

ἤρξατο 18× (12.3%)

ἤρξαντο 10× (6.8%)

ἐβεβήλουν 8× (5.5%)

ἐβεβήλωσαν 6× (4.1%)

βεβηλώσουσιν 5× (3.5%)

βεβηλώσει 4× (2.9%)

βεβηλωθῇ 4× (2.9%)

βεβηλώσετε 4× (2.7%)

ἐβεβήλωσεν 3× (2.2%)

--- 3× (2.2%)

מקדשיך מִקְדָּשֶׁיךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מקדש

miqdâsh

Definition

a consecrated thing or place, especially, a palace, sanctuary (whether of Jehovah or of idols) or asylum

Root

or מקדש; (Exodus 15:17), from H6942 (קדש);

Exhaustive

or מקדש; (Exodus 15:17), from קדש; a consecrated thing or place, especially, a palace, sanctuary (whether of Jehovah or of idols) or asylum; chapel, hallowed part, holy place, sanctuary.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4720

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִקְדָּשׁ

noun masculine • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 898

1. A sanctuary, a hallowed place, house, or station; a temple. Can be applied to both Jehovistic and non-Jehovistic temples. Plural can mean holy spots, halls, or vessels. 2. What manifests itself as holy, applied to Jehovah or any object reckoned holy. 3. What is consecrated.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִקְדָּשׁ

noun masculine • Root קדש • Page 400

1. a holy place, a sanctuary, spoken of the tabernacle of the congregation and of the temple. Ex. 25:8. Lev. 12:4. Plur. מִקְדָּשִׁים sanctuaries. 2. something consecrated or to be consecrated. Num. 18:29.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4720

I. מִקְדָּשׁ noun masculine^{Amos 7:9} — sacred place, sanctuary.

— מִקְדָּשׁ absolute Exodus 25:8 +; מִקְּדָשׁ Exodus 15:17 (GKC¹ § 20h; Kö² ii. 1, 471); construct מִקְדַּשׁ Leviticus 16:33 +; suffix מִקְדָּשִׁי Leviticus 20:3 +, etc., מִקְדְּשׁוֺ Numbers 18:29 (Kö^{ii. 1, 97}); plural מִקְדָּשִׁים Ezekiel 21:7, construct מִקְדְּשֵׁי Jeremiah 51:51 2t.; suffix מִקְדָּשַׁי Leviticus 21:23; מְקַדְשֵׁיהֶם Ezekiel 7:24 (on anomalous pointing see Ewald³ § 215 a); etc.

1. Old Israel sanctuaries

• of יהוה at Shechem Joshua 24:26 (Elohist Source)
• probably also Exodus 15:17 (i.e. Shiloh)
• plural of sanctuaries to be destroyed by יהוה Leviticus 26:31 (Holiness Code)
• מִקְדְּשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל in Northern Israel Amos 7:9
• מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ Amos 7:13 (Bethel)

2. Of the nations

• Moab Isaiah 16:12
• plural of Tyre Ezekiel 28:18

3. Tabernacle and its precincts

• Exodus 25:8 (Priests' Code) +
• מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Leviticus 16:33
• plural Leviticus 21:23

4. Temple and precincts

• 1 Chronicles 22:19; Isaiah 63:18; Psalm 74:7 +
• בֵּית מִקְדָּשָׁם 2 Chronicles 36:17
• מִקְדַּשׁ הַבַּיִת Ezekiel 48:21
• מְכוֹן מִקְדָּשׁ Daniel 8:11
• plural of many sacred places in and about the temple: מִקְדְּשֵׁי בֵּית יהוה Jeremiah 51:51; מִקְדְּשֵׁי אֵל Psalm 73:17

Doubtful cases:

• מִמִּקְדָּשֶׁיךָ Psalm 68:36 (Septuagint ἐν τοῖς ὁσίοις αὐτοῦ, Vulgate de sanctuario)
• מִקְדָּשִׁים Ezekiel 21:7 (parallel to יְרוּשָׁלַםִ)
• וּמִקְדָּשׁ לַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ezekiel 45:4b

5. Of God's presence for his people

• יהוה will become לְמִקְדָּשׁ for his people Ezekiel 11:16 (Briggs⁴)
• so apparently Isaiah 8:14

6. Of God's future sanctuary

• מִקְדָּשִׁי בְּתוֹכָם לְעוֹלָם Ezekiel 37:26, 28

— (מִמֶּנּוּ) אֶת־מִקְדְּשׁוֹ (מִכָּלחֶֿלְבּוֺ) Numbers 18:29 even the hallowed part thereof, but this not the meaning of מִקְדָּשׁ; rather read קָדְשׁוֹ.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache des Alten Bundes (1870).

⁴ C. A. Briggs, Messianic Prophecy (1886).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἁγίασμα ἁγίων ἅγιά ἅγια ἅγιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H4720:

ἁγίασμα 15× (20.1%)

ἁγίων 12× (14.0%)

ἅγιά 10× (12.8%)

ἅγια 7× (8.9%)

ἅγιον 6× (7.4%)

ἁγίοισ 5× (5.5%)

ἁγιάσματοσ 2× (2.8%)

ἡγιασμένον 2× (2.6%)

ἅγιόν 2× (2.6%)

ἁγιαστήριον 2× (2.6%)

ואוצא וָאוֹצִא־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3318

I. יָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 1068) verb — go or come out.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic יְעָא
• Ethiopic ወጽአ
• Assyrian âṣû¹
• Syriac יעא
• Phoenician יצא
• Sabean וצַא³
• Arabic وضأ²

— Perfect יָצָא Genesis 10:11 (92 times); 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Numbers 16:35 (13 times); יָצָ֑אָה Isaiah 28:29; 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Genesis 24:5 (7 times); 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jeremiah 31:4; 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 11:10; וִיצָאתֶם Judges 21:21, Malachi 3:20; 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jeremiah 10:20; Imperfect יֵצֵא Genesis 15:4 (64 times); וַיֵּצֵא Genesis 4:16 (132 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exodus 21:7 (22 times); וַתֵּצֵא Genesis 30:16 (14 times); Imperative צֵא Genesis 8:16 (15 times); feminine singular צְאִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural צֵאוּ Genesis 19:14 (11 times); Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Genesis 8:7; construct צֵאת Genesis 24:11 (31 times); Participle יֹצֵא (יוֺצֵא) Genesis 2:10 (62 times).

1. Qal: Go or come out or forth

a. From a place

• From a tent Genesis 31:33 (Elohist Source)
• From a house 2 Samuel 11:8; Joshua 2:19 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• From a city Genesis 19:14 (Jahwist Source); Genesis 12:4 (Priests' Code)
• From Egypt (the Exodus) Exodus 12:41 (Jahwist Source); Deuteronomy 4:45–46 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. From the presence of a person

• Exodus 8:26 (+ מֵעִם)
• Genesis 4:16 (Jahwist Source; + מִלִּפְנֵי)
• Job 1:12 (+ מֵעִם מְּנֵי)

c. In technical senses

• Of emancipation Exodus 21:2 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• Of the Jubilee release Leviticus 25:28 (Holiness Code)
• Of divorce Deuteronomy 24:2

d. Of flight, involving escape

• Genesis 39:12 (Jahwist Source; + הַחוּ֫צָה)
• Ecclesiastes 7:18 figurative

e. Of departure and expiration

• At death Genesis 35:18 (בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ)
• Failing of heart Genesis 42:28 (Elohist Source)
• End of the year Exodus 23:16 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)

f. Of inanimate things

• River from Eden Genesis 2:10 (Jahwist Source)
• Water from rock Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source)
• Sunrise Judges 5:31; Genesis 19:23
• A lot proceeding Joshua 16:1 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code)

g. With emphasis on origin or source

• Providential arrangement Genesis 24:50 (Jahwist Source)
• Words from the mouth Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 55:11

h. Of children and birth

• From the loins 2 Samuel 7:12; Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• From the womb Numbers 12:12 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Jeremiah 1:5

2. Movement and Purpose

a. Go forth to a place: Genesis 27:3 (Jahwist Source).

b. Purpose/Result: Army marching out 1 Samuel 17:20; God going before people Judges 4:14; Psalm 68:8.

3. Combinations

יצא ובא — to go out and come in (active undertakings): Numbers 27:17; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 14:11.

Hiphil: Cause to go or come out, lead out

1. Of persons and animals

• Bringing out of Egypt Exodus 3:10 (Elohist Source); Exodus 20:2 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 5:6 (Deuteronomic Source); Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leading an army 2 Samuel 10:16.
• Putting away wives Ezra 10:3.
• Animals from the ark Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code).

2. Figurative deliverance

• From distress Psalm 25:17; Psalm 142:8.

3. Inanimate objects

• Carry out vessels 2 Kings 24:13; Ezra 1:7.
• Produce or generate Genesis 1:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 61:11.
• Speak or publish report Numbers 13:32; Deuteronomy 22:14.

Hophal: Be brought forth

• Genesis 38:25 (Jahwist Source) Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת.
• Jeremiah 38:22 plural מוּצָאוֺת.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ SI: Siloam Inscription.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

אש אֵשׁ

fire

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אש

ʼêsh

Definition

fire (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively); burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H784

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Man. Found only in the construct state in compound proper names (e.g., אֶשְׁבַּע).

אֵשׁ

noun feminine • Root אשש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Fire (as an element); lightning; flame of wrath; war-fire. Metaphorically means to burn with fire.

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root איש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 196

Man (an abridged construct form of אִישׁ)

אֵשׁ

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 1363

Example of interchange with ר (Resh).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶשׁ

emph. אֶשָּׁא / chald. • Root אש • Page 75

Idem (same as Hebrew אֵשׁ fire). Dan. 7:11.

אֻשׁ

plur. אֻשִּׁין / chald. • Page 75

Foundation. Only Ezra 4: 12. 5: 16. 6: 3.

אֵשׁ

com. gen. • Page 75

1. fire—'fire of God' (lightening), Job 1:16. Figuratively the scorching heat of the sun, Joel 1:19, 20. 2. shining, glittering; e. g. of steel, Nah. 2:4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H784

I. אֵשׁ noun feminine Exodus 9:23 (masculine Jeremiah 48:45; Psalm 104:4; masculine is dubious: Numbers 16:18 read עָלֵיהָ for second עֲלֵיהֶם (compare B¹); Jeremiah 20:9 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §132d; Jeremiah 48:45 read (many manuscripts, Numbers 21:23) יָצָאָה; Psalm 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לְשֹׁנֹתָה, or וָלַחַט; Job 20:26 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §145u (or 121b): compare Albr ZAW xvi {1896}. 63. feminine and masculine Jeremiah 20:9; Job 20:26) — fire (Assyrian išātu COT Gloss, Syriac ܐܫܐ, Ethiopic አማር; derivatives from II. אֵשׁ, ܐܫܐ, sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 Lag BN 68 compare أَبْجَدْ, هوشب), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta §189b).

Cognates:

• Assyrian išātu
• Syriac ܐܫܐ
• Ethiopic አማር

— אֵשׁ absolute Exodus 9:24 +; construct Leviticus 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֹ Deuteronomy 4:36; Job 18:5; אֵשְׁכֶם Isaiah 50:11; אִשָּׁם Isaiah 66:24.

Meanings and Uses

a. Fire of conflagration, endangering or destroying crops

• Exodus 22:5 (compare Exodus 3:2 both E)

b. Deliberate destruction by fire

• Especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (with qamets pretonic) object golden calf Exodus 32:20 (J), other idols Deuteronomy 7:5, 25, Asherim Deuteronomy 12:3, chariots Joshua 11:6, 9; 2 Kings 23:11, house Judges 12:1; Judges 14:15, tower Judges 9:52, city-gates Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, 13, 17, city Joshua 6:24; Judges 18:27 compare Isaiah 1:7 +
• Also שִּׂלַח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1:4, 7, 10 +
• שִּׂלַח אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48 compare 2 Kings 8:12
• הִצִּית אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Joshua 8:8, 19; Jeremiah 17:27 +, compare Judges 9:49; 2 Samuel 14:30, 31 (of field, compare Exodus 22:5 above)

c. Supernatural fire, attending theophany

• Exodus 3:2; Exodus 19:18 (both J E) Deuteronomy 4:11, 12, 15, 33, 36 +
• Specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21, 22; Exodus 14:24 (all J E) Nehemiah 9:12, 19 compare Deuteronomy 1:33 (see מַרְאֵה אֵשׁ Numbers 9:15, 16 P)
• Of destructive fire from יְהוָה Numbers 11:1, 2, 3 (J) Numbers 26:10 (P) Leviticus 10:2 (P)
• Compare אֹכֶלֶת יְהוָה in simile of Yahweh's glory Exodus 24:17 (E) Deuteronomy 4:24; Deuteronomy 9:3
• See also 1 Kings 18:24, 38; 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended)
• Compare further of lightning Exodus 9:23, 24 (JE) Psalm 18:13; Psalm 18:14; Psalm 148:8 etc.

d. Fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc.

• צָלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Exodus 12:8, 9 (P) compare Leviticus 2:14; 2 Chronicles 35:13; Isaiah 44:16, 19
• Of tinder for lighting fire Genesis 22:6, 7 (E)
• Of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exodus 32:24
• For refining Jeremiah 6:29, where read with Qere מֵאֵשׁ תָּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Malachi 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of covenant)

e. Especially of altar-fire

• Leviticus 1:7 (twice in verse); Leviticus 6:2; Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 6:5; Leviticus 6:6 +
• In offering incense Leviticus 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously Leviticus 10:1; Numbers 3:4; Numbers 26:61
• Fire from יְהוָה consuming sacrifice (compare c) Leviticus 9:24; 2 Chronicles 7:1, 3
• Of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֶּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְ) 2 Kings 16:3; 2 Kings 21:6; compare 2 Kings 17:17; 2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 33:6; also יְהוָה שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ 2 Kings 17:31, יְהוָה בָּעַר בָּאֵשׁ 2 Chronicles 28:3

f. Figurative of Yahweh's anger

• Psalm 89:47 (simile) compare Nahum 1:6; Lamentations 2:4 אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36; Ezekiel 22:31; Ezekiel 38:19, אֵשׁ קִנְאָתִי Ezekiel 36:5; see also Isaiah 66:15; Psalm 79:5; Psalm 89:47 etc.
• Of word of יְהוָה Jeremiah 23:29
• Figurative of outbursting emotion Psalm 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Isaiah 9:17, etc.

g. In various combinations

• לַמִּיד אֵשׁ Genesis 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di)
• לַבַּת אֵשׁ Exodus 3:2 flame of fire, לַהֶבֶת אֵשׁ Joel 2:5, לַמִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Daniel 10:6 compare Zechariah 12:6, לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ Psalm 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Isaiah 66:15 compare לְהָבוֹת יְהוָה Psalm 105:32, לָהָבָה יְהוָה נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ Isaiah 4:5 compare Hosea 7:6
• שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41:11
• תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Psalm 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוּר אֵשׁ Zechariah 12:6
• אוּר אֵשׁ light of fire Psalm 78:14
• אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Psalm 104:4
• לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Isaiah 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 1:13 coals of fire, so Ezekiel 10:2, compare רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Song of Solomon 8:6
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 28:14, 16 see אֶבֶן
• אֵשׁ דָּת Deuteronomy 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian and late; read perhaps דֹּת [לַמִּד] אֵשׁ compare Exodus 20:18 or דֵּת [יֹקֶד] אֵשׁ compare Isaiah 65:5

II. אֵשָּׁא noun [feminine] — fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ; K §55, 5. 2b thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ; D 161 Buhl √ אשׁא compare אִשָּׁא, אִשָּׁה, Syriac ܐܫܐ).

— Daniel 7:11.

אֻשְּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא see [אֵשׁ].

¹ Vatican MS. of Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0784:

No stats available

מתוכך מִתּוֹכְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תוך

tâvek

Definition

a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre

Root

from an unused root meaning to sever;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre; among(-st), [idiom] between, half, [idiom] (there-, where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among), [idiom] out (of), [idiom] through, [idiom] with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8432

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תָּוֶךְ

m. / prepos. • Strongs / High • Page 1503

m. the point of separation, the middle, space between, centre NUM. 35, 5. Used as a preposition: in the midst, within, through, between, among. (e.g., אֶל־תּוֹךְ into EX. 14, 23, בְּתֹוְךְ in the midst 1 KINGS 6, 19).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תָּוֶךְ

m. const. • Page 709

the middle, the midst. Gen. 35: 2. Lev. 20: 14. 1 Sam. 9: 14. Ezek. 9: 4.

תּוֹךְ

noun • Page 709

i. q. תֹּךְ oppression, q. v.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8432

I. תָּ֫וֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 418) noun masculine — midst.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., also denominative תִּוֵּוךְ
• Root unknown; not apparently in cognate languages

— תָּ֫וֶךְ absolute Genesis 15:10 +; construct תּוֺךְ Genesis 1:6 +; suffix תּוֺכִי, תּוֺכוֺ, etc., 2 feminine singular תּוֺכֵּ֫כִי Psalm 116:19; Psalm 135:9, תּוֺכֹה Ezekiel 48:15, 21, תּוֺכֲכֶם Genesis 23:9 +, תּוֺכָ֫הְנָה Ezekiel 16:53¹.

1. Midst

Whether of a space or place, a number of people or things, or of a line:

a. Absolute uses

• Judges 16:29 עַמּוּדֵי הַתָּוֶךְ (the middle columns)
• Jeremiah 39:3 שַׁעַר הַתּוֺךְ (the Middle Gate)
• בַּתָּוֶךְ Genesis 15:10 (+ וַיְבַתֵּר אֹתָם)
• Numbers 35:5; Joshua 8:22; Judges 15:4
• Isaiah 66:17 אַחַר אֶחָד בַּתָּוֶךְ

b. Construct and suffix uses

• 1 Kings 8:54 תּוֺךְ הֶחָצֵר
• Ezekiel 15:4 וְתוֺכוֺ נָחָר

2. With Prepositions

a. With בְּ

(Often with emphasis *in*, in the very heart and midst of):

• Genesis 1:6 בְּתוֺךְ הַמַּיִם
• Genesis 2:9 (הַגָּן ׳בְּת)
• Genesis 9:21 (אָהֳלוֺ ׳בְּת)
• Genesis 18:24 (הָעִיר ׳בְּת)
• Exodus 11:4 (midst of Egypt); 1 Kings 3:20 (midst of night)
• בְּתוֺכָהּ (of land or city): Numbers 13:32; Isaiah 7:6
• In Ezekiel, of sins or judgment in Jerusalem: Ezekiel 5:8, 10; Ezekiel 9:4; Ezekiel 22:3, 7, 9, 13 +
• figurative of heart/inward parts: Psalm 22:15; Psalm 40:9 תּוֺרָֽתְךָ בְּתוֹךְ מֵעָי; Psalm 22:11; Proverbs 4:21
• After verbs of motion (into/through): Exodus 14:27; 1 Samuel 9:14; Exodus 14:29; Nehemiah 9:11

b. Among a number of persons

(Not necessarily of the actual middle):

• Genesis 40:20 (עֲבָדָיו ׳בְּת)
• בְּתוֺכְנוּ Genesis 23:6; בְּתוֺכָם 1 Samuel 10:10; Job 1:6
• Leviticus 17:8, 10, 13 +
• Of the Divine presence or dwelling (frequent in Priests' Code, 12 times): Exodus 25:8; Exodus 29:45–46; Leviticus 15:31; Leviticus 16:16 + (Note: J E D in such cases have always קֶרֶב)²; so Ezekiel 37:26, 28; Ezekiel 43:7, 9, compare Haggai 2:5

c. With other prepositions

• מִן (from / from among): Genesis 19:29 מִתּוֺךְ הַהֲפֵכָה; Exodus 3:2 (הַסְּנֶה ׳מִתּ); Exodus 33:11; Deuteronomy 4:12; 1 Samuel 15:6; Exodus 7:5; Numbers 16:21, 33 +
• אֶל (into): Exodus 14:23; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 17:12; Deuteronomy 21:12; 2 Samuel 3:27; Jeremiah 21:4 +
• מֵעַל: Ezekiel 11:23

תּוֺךְ is used by most writers, occurring approximately 8–10 times in many books, but is especially frequent in P (c. 106 times) and Ezekiel (116 times). Synonym קֶרֶב, q.v.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 91f.

² J. Estlin Carpenter and G. Harford-Battersby, The Hexateuch, London, 1900, i. 209, ed. 2, 410.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: μέσῳ μέσου μέσον αὐτῆσ ἐν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8432:

μέσῳ 193× (43.8%)

μέσου 55× (12.5%)

μέσον 36× (8.4%)

αὐτῆσ 24× (4.6%)

ἐν 19× (5.1%)

ὑμῖν 16× (3.6%)

αὐτοῖσ 10× (2.3%)

'' 10× (2.3%)

ἀνὰ 8× (2.1%)

ἐκ 8× (2.2%)

היא הִיא

herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

אכלתך אֲכָלַתְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

ואתנך וָאֶתֶּנְךָ

and I am giving yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect first person common singular, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

לאפר לְאֵפֶר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אפר

ʼêpher

Definition

ashes

Root

from an unused root meaning to bestrew;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to bestrew; ashes; ashes.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H665

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵפֶר

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 177

Fine dust, ashes; metaphorically nothingness

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵפֶר

noun masculine • Page 67

ashes. Gen. 18:27. etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H665

I. אֵפֶר [masculine] ashes (as light, flying ?)¹ — absolute Genesis 18:27 +; construct Numbers 19:9, Numbers 19:10 — ashes of red heifer, used in purifications Numbers 19:9, Numbers 19:10; on head, as sign of humiliation 2 Samuel 13:19; contrition Daniel 9:3 (parallel to צוֹם, שַׂק), Jonah 3:6 (parallel to שַׂק) compare Job 42:6 (עֵפֶר וָאֵפֶר), Isaiah 58:5 (parallel to שַׂק); mourning Esther 4:1, Esther 4:3 (parallel to שַׂק) compare Job 2:8 (יָשַׁב בְּתוֹךְ הָאֵפֶר), Jeremiah 6:26 (parallel to שַׂק), Ezekiel 27:30 (parallel to עָפָר); in simile scattereth hoarfrost כָּאֵפֶר Psalm 147:16; but also as filthy, loathsome כְּעָפָר וָאֵפֶר Job 30:19 (Di² simile of mourning, grief), as worthless, מִשְׁלֵי אֵפֶר Job 13:12 proverbs of ashes; figurative of worthlessness Isaiah 44:20; insignificance עָפָר וָאֵפֶר Genesis 18:27; ignominy Ezekiel 28:18; Malachi 3:21; distress & sorrow כָּל־חֲלָמִי אָכָלְתִּי אֵפֶר Psalm 102:10 (so Assyrian compare Zim³ BP 42) compare Lamentations 3:16; Isaiah 61:3 (מַאֲבֵל תַּחַת אֵפֶר).

II. אפר (enclose, envelope, Assyrian apâru, attire Dl⁴ Pr 54; Thes⁵ compare Arabic ʿafara, cover; MV⁶ compare Aramaic ܐܠܗܐ, מַעְפָּרָא, mantle, turban; but connection of root עפר with אפר is dubious)

¹ Brackets indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Job.

³ H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss, Leipzig, 1915.

⁴ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, Leipzig, 1886.

⁵ W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Gesenius, Handwörterbuch edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0665:

No stats available

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

הארץ הָאָרֶץ

the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

לעיני לְעֵינֵי

to the dual eyes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עין

ʻayin

Definition

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

Root

probably a primitive word;

Exhaustive

probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5869

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַיִן

noun feminine • Root עין • Strongs / High • Page 1081

1. The eye, oculus, as the organ of sight; used figuratively for perception, attention, favorable/unfavorable views, and expression of emotion (e.g., proud, humble, joyous look). It also denotes the middle of the forehead (between the eyes), or proximity ('in the eyes of one'). 2. The eye as a fountain of tears. 3. A look or gaze (e.g., piercingly, enviously). 4. What presents itself to the sight: a phenomenon, appearance, sight, or prospect.

עַיִן

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1082

The eye, bead or pearl, of wine.

עַיִן

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1082

A fountain (constr. עֵין), pl. עֲיָנֹת.

עַיִן

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1082

Proper name of a city of Simeon/Levitical city within Judah (7a), or a locality in the north-east of Palestine (7b).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַיִן

com. gen. • Page 503

1. an eye (Ezek. 12: 12). 2. 'before the eyes of any one' (Gen. 23: 11, 18). 3. 'in the eyes', i.e. in the judgment.

עַיִן

m. denom. • Root עין • Page 505

looking askance, envious. Found in 1 Sam. 18:9 Keri.

עַיִן

noun • Page 504

1. Ment or opinion, often conveying the idea of seeming or appearing (Gen. 19:14, 2 Sam. 10:3). 2. A bead or bubble in wine (Prov. 23:31). 3. Perhaps a look (Cant. 4:9). 4. Face, countenance, like פָנִים (Ps. 6:8, Num. 14:14). 5. The surface (Ex. 10:5, Num. 22:5). 6. Appearance, form (Num. 11:7, Lev. 13:5, Ezek. 1:4). 7. A spring, fountain, with plural עֵינוֹת (Gen. 16:7). The eye is figuratively considered a fountain of tears.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5869

I. עַ֫יִן (approximate number of occurrences: 859) noun feminine^{Genesis 3:7} and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 Albr¹) masculine — eye.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ען
• Aramaic עֵינָא, עַיְינָא
• Palmyrene עינא
• Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ
• Assyrian ênu, enu
• Arabic عَيْن
• Ethiopic ዐይን

— עַ֫יִן absolute Exodus 21:4 +; construct עֵין Exodus 21:26 +; suffix עֵינִי Genesis 44:21 +; suffix 3 masculine plural עֵינָם Isaiah 13:18, עֵינֵמוֺ Psalm 73:7; usually dual עֵינַיִם Genesis 20:16 +; construct עֵינֵי Genesis 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Isaiah 3:8; suffix עֵינַי Genesis 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Judges 6:17 + etc.

1. Literally as physical organ

a. of man

• Exodus 21:6 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 3:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Leviticus 26:16 (Holiness Code)
• Deuteronomy 34:4, 7 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Judges 16:28 (+ שְׁתֵּי)

b. anthropomorphically of God

• Psalm 33:18
• Psalm 34:16

c. of idols

• Psalm 115:5
• Psalm 135:16

d. of beasts

• Genesis 30:41 (Jehovist Source)
• Job 40:24 (hippopotamus)
• Job 41:10 (crocodile)
• Job 28:7 (bird)

e. in visions (of wheels, stones)

• Ezekiel 1:18
• Ezekiel 10:12
• Zechariah 3:9

f. subject of seeing

• Genesis 45:12 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 3:27 (with ראה)
• Genesis 13:10 (+ נָשָׂא lift up)
• Leviticus 13:12 (מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי as far as one can see)

2. Eyes as showing mental qualities

a. Arrogance and Humility

• arrogance: Isaiah 2:11; Isaiah 5:15; Psalm 101:5; Proverbs 6:17
• humility: Job 22:29 (שַׁח עַיִן)
• pity: Deuteronomy 7:16 (לֹא תָחֹס עֵינְךָ not have pity)

3. Figurative of mental and spiritual faculties

a. Enlightenment and Vision

• Genesis 3:5, 7 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 24:4, 16 (גְּלּוּי עַיִן opened of eye)
• Psalm 123:2 (looking to God)

b. In the view/opinion of (בְּעֵינֵי)

• Genesis 16:4, 5 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 21:11 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 12:8 (הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו right in his own eyes)

4. Transferred meanings

a. Surface and Appearance

• surface of earth: Exodus 10:5, 15 (Jehovist Source)
• appearance: Leviticus 13:5; Numbers 11:7
• gleam/sparkle: Ezekiel 1:4; Proverbs 23:31 (of wine)

5. Other phrases

• eye for an eye: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן Exodus 21:24; Leviticus 24:20
• eye to eye: עַיִן בְּעַיִן Numbers 14:14; Isaiah 52:8
• in the presence of: לְעֵינֵי Genesis 42:24; Exodus 4:30
• between the eyes (forehead): בֵּין עֵינַיִם Exodus 13:9; Deuteronomy 6:8

---

II. עַ֫יִן (approximate number of occurrences: 23) noun feminine — spring (of water).

Cognates:

• Phoenician ען
• Assyrian ênu, înu
• Arabic عَيْن
• Ethiopic ዐይን
• Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ
• Aramaic עֵינָא

— עַ֫יִן absolute 1 Samuel 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Genesis 49:22; construct עֵין Genesis 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Deuteronomy 8:7, construct עֵינוֺת Exodus 15:27.

a. Particular springs

• עֵין חֲרֹד (En-harod) Judges 7:1
• עֵין הַקּוֺרֵא (En-hakkore) Judges 15:19
• עֵין רֹגֵּל (En-rogel) 2 Samuel 17:17; Joshua 15:7
• עֵין הַתַּנִּין (Dragon-spring) Nehemiah 2:13

---

Aramaic

I. [עַיִן] noun feminine^{Ezra 5:5} — eye (Biblical Hebrew עַיִן).

1. literally eye
   • construct עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God)
   • plural עַיְנִין Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20 (of a horn)
   • dual construct עַיְנֵי Daniel 7:8 (of man)
   • suffix עַיְנַי Daniel 4:31

¹ Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der Hebräischen Hauptwörter," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 16 (1896): 75.

² Elohist Source.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Holiness Code.

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Preposition, Noun common both dual construct

LXX: ὀφθαλμοῖσ ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ὀφθαλμοὺσ ὀφθαλμοὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5869a:

ὀφθαλμοῖσ 134× (13.0%)

ἐναντίον 111× (12.6%)

ἐνώπιον 87× (10.0%)

ὀφθαλμοὺσ 80× (7.8%)

ὀφθαλμοὶ 74× (6.9%)

ὀφθαλμοί 58× (5.6%)

ὀφθαλμῶν 54× (5.6%)

ὀφθαλμούσ 38× (3.8%)

κατ' 28× (3.2%)

ὀφθαλμόσ 27× (2.5%)

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

ראיך רֹאֶיךָ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ראה

râʼâh

Definition

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative); advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7200

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To see, look, behold, or observe (physical act); to perceive, experience, or know (metaphorical); of prophets, to have revelations; to live/exist (to see light); to inspect, examine, try; to regard, consider, trust, or choose/appoint.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To be seen, but when used with a negative, to disappear, to be invisible (only 3 pl. fem. is attested as רָאֲתָה).

רָאָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1309

To see, look, perceive, appear; sometimes the object follows in a clause introduced by כִּי; to cause to look upon with a mischievous pleasure; to cause one to feel or experience, good or evil; to enjoy.

רָאָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1309

The name of a bird of prey, probably named from its keen sight.

רָאָה

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1309

Seeing.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1307

1. Intransitive: to see, to look, to view. 2. Transitive: to see, with the accusative. Often meaning to perceive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Page 601

To see, look. 1. to see, look (Ps. 64:6, Ex. 5:21, Mal. 3:18). 2. to view with interest or sympathy, to rejoice in a thing (Job 3:9, Ps. 22:18, Ps. 112:8). 3. to look on, to view (Lev. 13:3); specifically of God looking on to relieve affliction (Ex. 4:31, Ps. 9:14). 4. to look or see to a thing, to take care for it (Gen. 39:23, 1 K. 12:16). 5. to see, know, discern (Jer. 20:12, Ecc. 1:16). 6. to visit (2 Sam. 13:5, 2 K. 8:29). 7. to choose, select (Gen. 22:8); passive participle רָאוּי means select or chosen (Est. 2:9). 8. to see or experience good, evil, life, or death (Ps. 34:13, Ecc. 9:9, Ps. 89:49).

רָאָה

verb • Page 602

found only Deut. 14:13. prob. a corrupted reading for דַּיָּה, as in the parallel passage Lev. 11:14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7200

I. רָאָה (approximate number of occurrences: 1315) verb — see.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription) וארא
• Sabean ראי see, expect
• Arabic رأى see
• Ethiopic ርእየ
• Aramaic רֵו, רֵיוָא appearance

— רָאָה absolute Genesis 29:10; suffix וְרָֽאֲךָ Exodus 4:14; רָֽאֲתָה feminine Genesis 38:14; יִרְאֶה Imperfect Genesis 22:8; יֵרֵא jussive Genesis 41:33; וַיַּרְא Genesis 18:2; רְאֵה Imperative Genesis 27:27; רָאֹה Infinitive absolute Exodus 3:7; רְאוֺת construct Exodus 10:28; רֹאֶה Participle active Ezekiel 13:15.

Qal

1. see
   • a. With subject eye: Isaiah 6:5, Isaiah 30:20; of seeing God Genesis 32:31 (face to face); of access to rank Genesis 43:3.
   • b. With accusative of thing: Joshua 24:7, 1 Samuel 24:11; receiving revelation Isaiah 30:10, Ezekiel 13:3; see the sun (the living) Ecclesiastes 7:11.
2. see, followed by clauses:
   • a. With כִּי (that): Genesis 6:2 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 2:2 (Elohist Source).
   • b. With adjective or participle: Genesis 7:1, Amos 9:1, 2 Samuel 18:10.
3. see, so as to learn or know:
   • Deuteronomy 33:9; have experience of Jeremiah 5:12, Psalm 89:49.
4. absolute, have power of vision:
   • Genesis 27:1; figurative of spiritual vision Isaiah 6:10, Ezekiel 12:2.
5. perceive:
   • Exodus 3:4; Genesis 2:19. Note: combined with ידע (know and see): 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Samuel 12:17.
6. look at, see by direct volition:
   • a. Inspect or reconnoitre: Joshua 2:1, Leviticus 13:3.
   • b. Of God looking with favour: Psalm 138:6.
   • c. Look after, visit: Genesis 37:14, 1 Samuel 15:35.
   • d. Look out, find, select: 2 Kings 9:2, Genesis 41:33, 1 Samuel 16:1.
7. mental observation:
   • a. Consider, reflect: Genesis 31:50, Ecclesiastes 7:14.
   • b. Distinguish: Malachi 3:18.
8. with preposition ב:
   • a. Gaze at, inspect: 1 Samuel 6:19, Ezekiel 21:26.
   • b. Feast eyes upon, gloat over: Micah 7:10, Obadiah 1:12–13, Psalm 22:18.

Niph`al

— נִרְאָה absolute Genesis 48:3; יֵרָאֶה Imperfect Genesis 22:14.

1. appear
   • a. Of God: Genesis 12:7, Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 3:5.
   • b. Of man, present oneself: Genesis 46:29; appear before Jehovah Exodus 34:23, Psalm 42:3.
   • c. Of things: Genesis 1:9, Songs 2:12.
2. be seen: 1 Kings 10:12; be present Exodus 13:7.

Pu`al

— רֻוְּ plural Job 33:21 be seen, detected (perhaps corrupt).

Hithpa`el

— תִּתְרָאוּ Imperfect Genesis 42:1 look at each other.

• Met in combat: 2 Kings 14:8, 2 Kings 14:11.

Hiph`il

— הֶרְאָה Perfect Genesis 41:28; הַרְאֵנִי Imperative Exodus 33:18; הַרְאוֺת Infinitive Deuteronomy 3:24.

1. cause to see, shew:
   • a. Numbers 13:26, 2 Kings 20:13; of God shewing Genesis 12:1, Exodus 25:9.
   • b. Cause to experience: Habakkuk 1:3, Psalm 60:5.
2. cause to look intently at: Psalm 50:23; feast eyes upon enemies Psalm 59:11.

Hoph`al

— הָרְאֵיתָ Perfect Exodus 26:30; מָרְאֶה Participle Exodus 25:40 be caused to see, be shewn.

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), line 4.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 75p.

³ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxix, 1875.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (Dr Sm).

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: εἶδεν εἶδον ὄψεται ἰδεῖν ἴδετε

LXX Usage Statistics

H7200:

εἶδεν 159× (11.3%)

εἶδον 154× (11.3%)

ὄψεται 52× (3.8%)

ἰδεῖν 51× (3.6%)

ἴδετε 43× (3.1%)

ἰδὲ 42× (3.0%)

ἰδὼν 34× (2.5%)

ὄψονται 33× (2.5%)

ὤφθη 28× (2.1%)

ἰδοὺ 24× (1.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
From the multitude of thine iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffic, thou didst profane my holy places; and I will bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall consume thee, and I will give thee for ashes upon the earth before the eyes of all seeing thee.

LITV Translation:
By the host of your iniquities, by the iniquity of your trade, you have profaned your holy places. So I brought a fire from your midst and it shall devour you, and I will give you for ashes on the earth in the sight of all who see you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Because of the multitude of thy sins and the iniquities of thy merchandise, I have profaned thy sacred things; and I will bring fire out of the midst of thee, this shall devour thee; and I will make thee to be ashes upon thy land before all that see thee.