Ezekiel 28:13

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בעדן בְּעֵדֶן

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עדן

ʻÊden

Definition

Eden, the region of Adam's home

Root

the same as H5730 (עדן) (masculine);

Exhaustive

the same as עדן (masculine); Eden, the region of Adam's home; Eden.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5731

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲדֶן

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1058

District or south coast of Arabia, now Aden (Ar. عدن), the Arabia Felix of the ancients. Also used in בְּנֵי־עֲדֶן (Bne-Eden), a Mesopotamian district.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֲדֶן

adverb • Root עדהנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1058

Adverb of time: till now.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֲדֶן

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1058

Softness, tenderness.

Matched via consonantal key only

עִדֵּן

verb piel • Root עדן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

Pih. (not used) to prepare luxury, pleasure, voluptuousness, to cause delight, to make voluptuous.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֵדָן

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root עדד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1058

Aram. time, present. Used to buy time, or a fixed measure of time (a year, 12 months, 1260 days).

Matched via consonantal key only

עֶדֶן

noun masculine • Root עדן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

(1) Delight, pleasure, dearest, most precious things, costly things, distinguished garments (only plural עֲדָנִים).

Matched via consonantal key only

עֶדֶן

noun proper • Root עדן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

(2) (Only singular) land of delight; n. p. of a region in an eastward direction (Garden of Eden); also the pleasure-land of Jehovah.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֶדֶן

noun proper • Root עדן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

(3) (Pleasure-place) n. p. of a locality (used only with בֵּית).

Matched via consonantal key only

עַדָּן

noun (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1147

Aram. (time) as the original form; sometimes עִדָּה (so Kimchi) has been taken for the stem.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָדֵן

adjective • Root עדן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

Tender (adjective derived from עָדַן I.).

Matched via consonantal key only

עָדַן

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

I. (Kal not used) intr. to be soft, tender, luxurious, voluptuous; to be lovely, pleasurable, delightful; to go leisurely, to be weary; to be dainty, of food; to be distinguished, valuable; metaphorically, to be pliable, flexible.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָדַן

verb • Root עצן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1057

II. (not used) tr. transposed from עָצַן, which see.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5731

III. עֵ֫דֶן (probably associated by Hebrew with I. עֵדֶן) proper name, of a territory — district in which lay garden of Yahweh, home of Adam and Eve.

— וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Genesis 2:8; river יֹצֵא מֵעֵדֶן Genesis 2:10; קִדְמַת־עֵדֶן Genesis 4:16; גַּן־עֵדֶן Genesis 2:15, Genesis 3:23–24 (all ᵐ5 Εδεμ).

1. Simile of fertility

• כְּגַן־עֵדֶן Ezekiel 36:35, Joel 2:3
• כְּעֵדֶן Isaiah 51:3 (+ גַּן־יְהוָה)

2. Garden of God

• עֵדֶן גַּן־אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13
• עֲצֵי עֵדֶן אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 31:9
• עֲצֵי עֵדֶן Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18, Ezekiel 31:18

(ᵐ5 Ezekiel, Joel ἡ τρυφή; Isaiah παράδειסος).

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: τρυφῆσ εδεμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5731b:

τρυφῆσ 6× (35.5%)

εδεμ 3× (17.8%)

גן גַּן־

a garden

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גן

gan

Definition

a garden (as fenced)

Root

from H1598 (גנן);

Exhaustive

from גנן; a garden (as fenced); garden.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּן

noun • Root גנן • Consonantal / Low • Page 334

A place hedged or fenced about, marked out; hence a garden, a park. Applied to the garden of Eden, a garden of herbs, or a royal park.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גַּן

noun masculine • Root גנן • Page 144

garden; literally a place hedged in.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1588

I. גַּן (approximate number of occurrences: 42) noun masculine (Song of Solomon 4:12) & (Genesis 2:15) feminine — enclosure, garden.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., גַּנָּה
• Arabic جنة
• Ethiopic ገነት
• Assyrian ginû, gannatu
• Aramaic גִּנָּא, גִּנְתָּא, ܓܢܬܐ
• Phoenician פר אגנן אם צץ[צ] (birds of enclosure, i.e., domestic fowls)

— גַּן absolute Genesis 2:8 (3 times); construct גַּן Genesis 2:15 (19 times); with article הַגָּן Genesis 2:9 (9 times), but כַּגַּן Lamentations 2:6; suffix גַּנִּי Song of Solomon 4:16; Song of Solomon 5:1, גַּנּוֹ Song of Solomon 4:16; Song of Solomon 6:2; plural גַּנִּים Song of Solomon 4:15 (2 times).

1. Garden as enclosure or cultivation

a. Simile of a garden

• Lamentations 2:6
• הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים Song of Solomon 8:13

b. Garden of herbs (יָרָק)

• Deuteronomy 11:10
• 1 Kings 21:2

c. Figurative of bride, as garden of plants, fruits, and spices

• גַּן נָעוּל Song of Solomon 4:12
• Song of Solomon 4:16
• Song of Solomon 5:1
• Song of Solomon 6:2
• מַעְיַן גַּנִּים Song of Solomon 4:15

2. Royal and Divine Gardens

a. Garden of (king's) house

• 2 Kings 21:18 (= גַּן עֻזָּא 2 Kings 21:18, 26)
• גַּן הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 25:4; Jeremiah 39:4; Jeremiah 52:7; Nehemiah 3:15
• בֵּית הַגָּן 2 Kings 9:27 (at Jezreel? perhaps a proper name)

b. Garden in Eden

Most often of garden (orchard?) in Eden (in Hexateuch only in Genesis and only in the Jehovist Source):

• Genesis 2:8, 9, 10, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 3:1, 2, 3, 8, 10 (Jehovist Source)
• Called גַּן־עֵדֶן Genesis 2:15; Genesis 3:23–24; Ezekiel 36:35; Joel 2:3
• גַּן־יְהוָֹה Genesis 13:10; Isaiah 51:3 (both in simile)
• גַּן־אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8–9 (trees of the garden compared with Assyria under figure of cedar)

¹ Schrader, Eb., The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

² Delitzsch, Friedrich, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (Dl Pr).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

⁴ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: παραδείσῳ ὡσ παραδείσου κῆπον κῆποσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1588:

παραδείσῳ 8× (12.8%)

ὡσ 6× (14.1%)

παραδείσου 6× (11.6%)

κῆπον 5× (10.0%)

κῆποσ 3× (6.3%)

παράδεισον 3× (6.3%)

κήπῳ 3× (5.3%)

κῆπόν 2× (4.3%)

κήποισ 2× (4.0%)

παράδεισοσ 2× (3.6%)

אלהים אֱלֹהִ֜ים

mighty ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

היית הָיִ֗יתָ

you have become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

אבן אֶבֶן

stone

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H68

I. אֶבֶן (approximate number of occurrences: 274) noun feminine Genesis 29:2 (masculine 1 Samuel 17:40 ?) — stone.

Cognates:

• Assyrian abnu
• Phoenician אבן
• Aramaic אֶבֶן
• Syriac ܐܒܢܐ
• Ethiopic እብን
• Sabean [ם]אב (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341)

— אֶבֶן absolute Genesis 28:22 +; אָבֶן Genesis 11:3 +; construct Genesis 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֹ 2 Kings 3:25; אֲבָנִים Genesis 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. In Natural State

• Used as pillow Genesis 28:11, Genesis 28:18 (E²);
• Seat Exodus 17:12 (E);
• Cover of well Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3 (twice in verse); Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 (J);
• Causation of stumbling Isaiah 8:14;
• Marring good ground 2 Kings 3:19, 2 Kings 3:25;
• Hand-missile Exodus 21:18 (JE) Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:23 (P) 2 Samuel 16:6, 2 Samuel 16:13;
• Especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 20:27; Leviticus 24:23; Numbers 14:10; Numbers 15:35, Numbers 15:36; Joshua 7:25a (all P), so also Deuteronomy 21:21; 2 Chronicles 24:21; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:47; compare 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 10:18;
• With verb סָקַל Deuteronomy 13:11; Deuteronomy 17:5; Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 22:24; 1 Kings 21:13; also Joshua 7:25b (JE or D);
• Sling-stones Judges 20:16; 1 Samuel 17:40, 1 Samuel 17:49 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 17:50; 2 Chronicles 26:14;
• Hurled by engines 2 Chronicles 26:15;
• Set up for inscribing law Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4, Deuteronomy 27:8; Joshua 8:32 (all D);
• As memorial Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21 (JED) 1 Samuel 7:12;
• As sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Genesis 28:18; Genesis 35:14 (anointed with oil), Genesis 28:22 (= בֵּית אֱלֹהִים) compare רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 49:24 (see Dillmann);
• As witness Genesis 31:45 compare Joshua 24:26, Joshua 24:27 (all JE);
• Plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Joshua 7:26 (see Dillmann) Joshua 8:29; compare Joshua 10:18, Joshua 10:27 (JE) 2 Samuel 18:17;
• גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Genesis 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE);
• Built into altar Exodus 20:25; Deuteronomy 27:5, Deuteronomy 27:6 (JED) Joshua 8:31; 1 Kings 18:31, 1 Kings 18:32, 1 Kings 18:38; compare 2 Kings 23:15 (for הַבָּמָה) (Klostermann);
• Of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית אֶבֶן Leviticus 26:1 (H);
• גְּדוֹלָה אֶבֶן where ark rested 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15 also 1 Samuel 6:18 (see אַבֶל quod vide).

2. As Material

• Of tablets Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:1 (plural) Exodus 34:4; Exodus 34:4 (JE) Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 9:9, Deuteronomy 9:10, Deuteronomy 9:11; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:3;
• Of vessels, hence probably Exodus 7:19 (P; אֶבֶן = vessels of stone " עֲצִיִּים") see Dillmann;
• Idols (" עֵץ") Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; also Jeremiah 3:9; Ezekiel 20:32;
• Pavement 2 Kings 16:17;
• Edifice 1 Kings 6:7 compare Genesis 11:3; also 2 Samuel 5:11; 2 Kings 12:13; 1 Chronicles 22:15;
• Often plural of (worked) stones Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:42 (twice in verse); Leviticus 14:43, Leviticus 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2 Kings 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Nehemiah 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 Kings 15:22; Nehemiah 3:34;
• Tomb Isaiah 14:19;
• אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Kings 7:9, 1 Kings 7:10, 1 Kings 7:11 (see also below 3);
• אַבְנֵי שִׁישׁ = marble (see below) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Chronicles 22:2; Ezekiel 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית;
• מַחְצַב אֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13; 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11;
• Foundation-stone, corner-stone Isaiah 28:16; Jeremiah 51:26; Job 38:6; Psalm 118:22;
• Cap-stone, completing the building, הָרֹאשָׁנָה אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ מִנָּה Psalm 118:22 as above), Zechariah 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 1890, 129;
• Stone-cutters חָרָשִׁי אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 5:11; 1 Chronicles 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָאֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13 compare 1 Chronicles 22:2.

3. Precious Stones

• Generally with modifying word יְקָרָה אֶבֶן collective 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 10:2 + often (see 2);
• הַשֹּׁהַם אֶבֶן Genesis 2:12 (J) compare Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (P) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• מִלֻּאִים אֶבֶן Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27 compare 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• סַמִּיר אֶבֶן Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:1;
• אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isaiah 54:12;
• חֹפֶץ אֶבֶן ibid.;
• אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• חֵן אֶבֶן Proverbs 17:8;
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išāti (?) see Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 118 & Wright 40; but Smend and others thunderbolts;
• Also without distinctive modifier Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9;
• חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן engraver in stone Exodus 28:11; compare Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:33 (P).

4. Stones Containing Metal, Ore

• Deuteronomy 8:9 (see Dillmann) Job 28:2 compare Job 28:3.

5. A Weight

• Originally stone (see Proverbs 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי כִּיס Proverbs 16:11 (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• הַמֶּלַח אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare Genesis 23:16);
• וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 25:13; Proverbs 20:10, Proverbs 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use);
• כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Micah 6:11;
• Just weights אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק Leviticus 19:36;
• שֶׁלֶמָה אֶבֶן Proverbs 11:1;
• Hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zechariah 5:8.

6. Plummet

• Isaiah 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2 Kings 21:13; Amos 7:7, 8); also made of metal הַבְּדִיל אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. Objects Like Stones; Particle Hail

• Explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Joshua 10:11 compare Isaiah 30:30;
• אֶלְגָּבִישׁ אֶבֶן Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:18; Ezekiel 38:22;
• But also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלֹת Joshua 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• Lime-stones אַבְנֵי גִּיר Isaiah 27:9.

8. In Simile (Mostly Poetry)

• Of sinking in water Exodus 15:5 = Nehemiah 9:11;
• Motionlessness Exodus 15:16;
• Strength Job 6:12;
• Firmness Job 41:16;
• Solidity (of ice) Job 38:30;
• In prose, of commonness 1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chronicles 1:15;
• Also metaphor of one in fear 1 Samuel 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exodus 15:16 above);
• אֶבֶן לֵב = perverse, hard heart Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26;
• אַבְנֵי נֵזֶר Zechariah 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — אֶבֶן personified Habakkuk 2:11 compare Ezekiel 13:11 (see 7 above).

9. In Topographic Terms (Nearly = Proper Name)

• אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Joshua 15:6; Joshua 18:17;
• הָעֶזֶר אֶבֶן 1 Samuel 5:1;
• Compare 1 Samuel 7:12, also 1 Samuel 4:1 (Wellhausen Driver);
• הַזֹּחֶלֶת אֶבֶן 1 Kings 1:9 (where Wellhausen Skizzen III, 171 compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1 Samuel 20:19 (for אֶבֶן), 1 Samuel 20:41 (for נָּנִי), see Targum (αργαβ, ἁργαβ), Thenius Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Haupt Studien.

II. אֶבֶן noun feminine Daniel 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew idem); — absolute אֶבֶן Daniel 2:34 +; אַבְנָא Daniel 2:35; — 1 a (the) stone Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:45; Daniel 6:18. 2 stone, material of idols Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23; of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341.

² J = Jehovist (Yahwist) Source; E = Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

יקרה יְקָרָה

precious

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יקר

yâqâr

Definition

valuable (objectively or subjectively)

Root

from H3365 (יקר);

Exhaustive

from יקר; valuable (objectively or subjectively); brightness, clear, costly, excellent, fat, honourable women, precious, reputation.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3368

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָקָר

adjective • Root יקר • Strongs / High • Page 640

A derivative of יָקַר. dear, splendid, shining, distinguished, honourable, composed, meek, mild.

יָקָר

adjective • Root יקר • Strongs / High • Page 641

1. Contracting, hence figuratively reserved, thoughtful. 2. Weighty, heavy, large (e.g., of building stones). 3. Great, powerful, considerable (in number). 4. Dear, costly, precious; also splendid, majestic.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָקָר

verb • Root יקר • Page 295

1. heavy. 2. dear, costly, precious; used collectively for costly stones (1 K. 10:2, 10, 11; 2 Chr. 3:7). 3. magnificent, majestic (Job 31:26). 4. rare (1 Sam. 3:1). 5. Prov. 17:27 Keri perhaps quiet of spirit.

יָקָר

noun masculine • Root יקר • Page 295

1. worth, costliness (Prov. 20:15; Job 28:10; Jer. 20:5). 2. honour, respect (Ps. 49:13, 21; Est. 1:20). 3. magnificence, splendour (Est. 1:4; Ps. 37:20).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3368

I. יָקָר (approximate number of occurrences: 35) adjective — precious, rare, splendid, weighty.

— יָקָר absolute 1 Samuel 3:1 (9 times); construct יְקַר Proverbs 17:27 Qr (Kt וקר); כִּיקַר Psalm 37:20; feminine יְקָרָה 2 Samuel 12:30 (14 times); construct יִקְרַת Isaiah 28:16; masculine plural יְקָרִים Lamentations 4:2; feminine plural יְקָרוֹת 1 Kings 5:31 (2 times) + Zechariah 14:6; יְקָרֹת 1 Kings 7:9; suffix בְּיִקְּרוֺתֶ֑יךָ Psalm 45:10.

1. Precious

a. Costly

• אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֺת of costly building-stones 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Kings 7:9, 10, 11 compare מִּנַּת יִקְרַת מוּסָד מוּסָּד Isaiah 28:16 a costly corner (-stone) of a foundation (on construct see Da¹ § 28, R. 3, 6)
• הוֺן יָקָר costly wealth Proverbs 1:13; Proverbs 12:27
• הוֺן יָקָר וְנָעִים Proverbs 24:1

b. Precious, highly valued

• נֶפֶשׁ יְקָרָה Proverbs 6:26 precious life
• opposed to זוֺלֵל Jeremiah 15:19 (of choice elements of character)
• יָקָר בְּעֵינֵי י׳ הַמָּֽוְתָה לַחֲסִידָיו Psalm 116:15
• יְקָרָה הִיא מִפְּנִינִים Proverbs 3:15 she (wisdom) is more precious than rubies
• prized, of חֶסֶד י׳ Psalm 36:8
• = substantive בְּנוֺת מְלָכִים בְּיִקְּרוֹתֶיךָ Psalm 45:10 king's daughters are among thy precious (dear) ones

c. Collective precious stones, jewels

• אֶבֶן יְקָרָה 2 Samuel 12:30 = 1 Chronicles 20:2
• 1 Kings 10:2, 10, 11; 2 Chronicles 9:1, 9, 10
• 1 Chronicles 29:3; 2 Chronicles 3:6; 2 Chronicles 32:27
• Ezekiel 27:22; Ezekiel 28:13 (list of precious stones follows), Daniel 11:38
• so also Lamentations 4:2, read אַבְנֵי צִיּוֺן הַיְקָרִים (for בְּנֵי צִיּוֺן)
• שֹׁהַם יָקָר Job 28:16

2. Rare

• 1 Samuel 3:1 (compare √ Hiphil Isaiah 13:12)

3. Glorious, splendid

(compare Aramaic)

• of the moon Job 31:26
• as substantive = glory, the wicked perish, כִּיקַר כָּרִים Psalm 37:20 like the glory of the pastures (i.e. like gay, but short-lived, flowers)

4. Weighty, influential

(late and Aramaic)

• יָקָר מֵחָכְמָה Ecclesiastes 10:1 weightier than wisdom and honour is a little folly

— In Proverbs 17:27 read Kt וְקַר־רוּחַ and one cool of spirit (see VB²); in Zechariah 14:6 read לֹא יִהְיֶה אוֹר וְקָרוֹת וְקִמָּאוֹן there shall not be light but cold and congelation (see Vrss.³); read probably חוֺם וְקָרוֺת there shall be neither heat nor cold (Wellhausen and others).

קִמָּאוֹן noun masculine congelation — Zechariah 14:6 Qr [> Kt see √ קָפָא Qal Imperfect], so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Symm Wellhausen Nowack (with other change, but see GASm), see יָקָר.

¹ A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax (3rd ed., 1902).

² Variorum Bible.

³ Versions.

Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: τίμιον τιμίοισ τιμίου τίμιοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3368:

τίμιον 11× (30.1%)

τιμίοισ 3× (8.2%)

τιμίου 3× (7.8%)

τίμιοσ 2× (5.5%)

מסכתך מְסֻכָתֶךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מסכה

mᵉçukkâh

Definition

a covering, i.e. garniture

Root

from H5526 (סכך);

Exhaustive

from סכך; a covering, i.e. garniture; covering.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4540

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָכַת

verb • Root סכת • Consonantal / Low • Page 1022

Intransitive verb (Kal not used): to be calm, to be still, to be silent, to be dumb.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4540

I. מְסֻכָֿה (1 occurrence) noun feminine — that with which one is covered, covering.

— suffix מְסֻכָֿתָ֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:13 (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. מְסֻכָּה) all precious stones were thy covering (= thou wast covered with them); — the tradition is strong in favour of Raphe, but sense favours derivation from סכך.

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4540:

No stats available

אדם אֹדֶם

man

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדם

ʼôdem

Definition

redness, i.e. the ruby, garnet, or some other red gem

Root

from H119 (אדם);

Exhaustive

from אדם; redness, i.e. the ruby, garnet, or some other red gem; sardius.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H124

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹדֶם

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 66

A red precious stone, sardius, carbuncle; always derived from the red colour.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֻדַּם

verb pual • Root אדם • Page 26

To be red-coloured. Nah. 2:4. Ex. 25:5. 35:7, 23.

אֹדֶם

f. verbal • Root אדם • Page 26

Carnelion, a gem of a red colour. Ex. 28:17; 39:10; Ezek. 28:13. Sept. σάρδιον, Vulg. sardius.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H124

I. אֹ֫דֶם [feminine] — carnelian (from redness; Greek σάρδιον; on formative compare Lag¹ Bildung d. Nomina 144).

• Exodus 28:17
• Exodus 39:10 (P²)
• Ezekiel 28:13

¹ P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

The brackets around "feminine" indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0124:

No stats available

פטדה פִּטְדה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פטדה

piṭdâh

Definition

a gem, probably the topaz

Root

of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

of foreign derivation; a gem, probably the topaz; topaz.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6357

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פִּטְדָה

noun feminine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1165

The name of a topaz of great value brought from כּוּשׁ (Ethiopia).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פִּטְדָה

noun feminine • Page 541

The name of a precious stone, principally obtained from Ethiopia. Rendered a topaz, i. e. the chrysolite of the moderns. Ex. 28:17; Ezek. 28:13; Job 28:19.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6357

I. מִּטְדָה (approximate number of occurrences: 4) noun feminine (according to Albr¹ masculine) — topaz or chrysolite.

Cognates:

• Greek τοπάזιον (Septuagint)
• Latin topazius (Vulgate)
• Sanskrit pîta (properly yellow; probably a foreign word)

— מִּטְדָה absolute, named with other precious stones Ezekiel 28:13; Exodus 28:17 = Exodus 39:10; construct מִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Job 28:19.

¹ Karl Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 108.

² Pliny, Naturalis Historia xxxvii. 8, 32; Houghton in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible (DB), "Topaz"; Riehm, Handwörterbuch des biblischen Altertums (HWB), "Edelstein".

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: τοπάζιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H6357:

τοπάζιον 4× (81.3%)

ויהלם וְיָהֲלֹ֗ם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יהלם

yahălôm

Definition

a precious stone, probably onyx

Root

from H1986 (הלם) (in the sense of hardness);

Exhaustive

from הלם (in the sense of hardness); a precious stone, probably onyx; diamond.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3095

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַהֲלֹם

noun masculine • Root הלם • Strongs / High • Page 593

A precious stone, so called from its hardness; likely a diamond.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַהֲלֹם

noun masculine • Page 276

Ex. 28:18. 39:11. Ezek. 28:13. name of a precious stone, which cannot be defined with certainty. Comp. Braun de Vestitu Sacerdotum. p. 542 ff.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3095

יַהֲלֹם noun masculine — a precious stone, jasper? (so ᵐ5 ᵑ9), or onyx? (compare Di¹ Exodus 28:18) (apparently from root הלם; owing to its hardness, as able to smite, hammer?).

— mentioned in lists of precious stones Exodus 28:18; Exodus 39:11; Ezekiel 28:13.

¹ August Dillmann, Die Bücher Exodus und Leviticus (1880; 3rd ed. by Ryssel, 1897).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἴασπισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3095:

ἴασπισ 2× (66.7%)

תרשיש תַּרְשִׁישׁ

Precious Stone ("Tarshish")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תרשיש

tarshîysh

Definition

a gem, perhaps the topaz

Root

probably of foreign derivation (compare H8659 (תרשיש));

Exhaustive

probably of foreign derivation (compare תרשיש); a gem, perhaps the topaz; beryl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8658

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תַּרְשִׁישׁ

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1534

1. N. p. of a Pelasgian-Hellenic sea-faring race (Tyrseni/Etrurians), mentioned in the ethnographical table (Gen. 10, 4), who formed a state in Italy.

Matched via consonantal key only

תַּרְשִׁישׁ

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1534

1. Gades (Cadiz); 2. Tartessus (a district in Spain); 3. Certain colonial coast-districts in North Africa (where Solomon's ships sailed); 4. Emporiums and coast-districts of southern Arabia; 5. A precious stone (chrysolite of the ancients, topaz of the moderns); 6. N. p. of a Persian prince (Esth. 1, 14).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תַּרְשִׁישׁ

noun • Page 728

1. Tarshish ships, used to denote large merchant ships bound on long voyages (Is. 23:1, 4; 60:9; Ps. 48:8). 2. A precious stone, likely chrysolite or topaz (Ex. 28:20, 39:13; Ezek. 1:16, 10:9; Dan. 10:6).

תַּרְשִׁישׁ

proper name • Page 727

Tartessus, a city and country in Spain; a celebrated emporium with which the Phenicians and Hebrews traded. References: Gen. 10:4; Ps. 72:10; Ezek. 27:12, 25; Jon. 1:3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8658

I. תַּרְשִׁישׁ noun masculine — a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone (ᵐ5¹ Exodus 28:20; Exodus 39:13 χρυσόλιθος, so Jos², see Petrie³ Myres⁴ Dr⁵).

— כְּעֵין תַּרְשִׁישׁ Ezekiel 1:16; כְּעֵין אֵבֶן תַּרְשִׁישׁ Ezekiel 10:9.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. In lists of gems

• Ezekiel 28:13
• Exodus 28:20
• Exodus 39:13

b. In simile

• of resplendent body Daniel 10:6
• Song of Solomon 5:14

¹ Septuagint (LXX) Lucianic recension.

² Flavius Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae, iii. 7, 5 [168].

³ W. M. Flinders Petrie, 'Stones (Precious)' in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (Hast. DB).

⁴ J. L. Myres, 'Stones' in Encyclopaedia Biblica (Ency. Bib. ID. § 17).

⁵ S. R. Driver, The Book of Daniel (Cambridge Bible), 1900.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θαρσισ χρυσόλιθοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8658:

θαρσισ 3× (37.0%)

χρυσόλιθοσ 2× (26.0%)

שהם שֹׁהַם

whom themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שהם

shôham

Definition

a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color)

Root

from an unused root probably mean to blanch;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably mean to blanch; a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color); onyx.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7718

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֹׁהַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1388

1. The leek-green beryl, a precious stone. 2. n. p. m. (A proper name).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֹׁהַם

noun masculine • Page 657

name of a precious stone. Most of the ancient versions make it the sardonyx. Others: the flesh-coloured onyx with whitish lines. Gen. 2: 12. Ex. 28: 9, 20. 35: 9, 27. Job 28: 16. Ezek. 28: 13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7718

I. שֹׁ֫הַם (approximate number of occurrences: 11) noun masculine (Job 28:16) — a gem, identification dubious.

Cognates:

• Assyrian sâmtu¹

Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus², onyx³, beryl⁴, malachite⁵; compare also Dr⁶ (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word).

— אֶבֶן הַשֹּׁ֫הַם Genesis 2:12 (Jehovist Source; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Havilah; construct אַבְנֵי שֹׁ֫הַם Exodus 25:7, Exodus 28:9, Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27, Exodus 39:6 (all Priests' Code / Narrative), 1 Chronicles 29:2; אֶבֶן omitted Ezekiel 28:13, Exodus 28:20, Exodus 39:13 (both Priests' Code / Narrative; all in lists of gems); שֹׁ֫הַם יָקָר וְסַמִּיר Job 28:16.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, 488 (Dl WB).

² Eduard Riehm, Handwörterbuch des biblischen Altertums, 2nd ed., 336 f. (Ri HWB).

³ John Taylor in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, iii. 624 (Taylor Hast. DB).

⁴ William Ridgeway in Encyclopaedia Biblica, 545 (Ridgeway Ency. Bib.).

⁵ J. L. Myres in Encyclopaedia Biblica, 4808 (Myres ib.).

⁶ S. R. Driver, The Book of Genesis, 1904 (Dr Genesis 2:12).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σμαράγδου σαρδίου βηρύλλιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7718:

σμαράγδου 3× (25.4%)

σαρδίου 2× (18.8%)

βηρύλλιον 2× (16.0%)

וישפה וְיָשְׁפֵה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישפה

yâshᵉphêh

Definition

a gem supposed to be jasper (from the resemblance in name)

Root

from an unused root meaning to polish;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to polish; a gem supposed to be jasper (from the resemblance in name); jasper.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3471

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשְׁפֵה

noun / masculine • Root ישף • Strongs / High • Page 660

Jasper, a very hard half-precious stone which is wrought in order to make jewels and ornaments.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשְׁפֵה

noun • Page 303

jasper, a precious stone of different colours (Ex. 28:20, 39:13, Ezek. 28:13).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3471

I. יָשְׁפֵה (approximate number of occurrences: 3) noun masculine — jasper.

Cognates:

• Loan-word from Persian
• Arabic يشف (Lane¹, Frey²)
• Assyrian ašpû (Dl³, HWB⁴)

— תַּרְשִׁישׁ וְשֹׁהַם וְיָשְׁפֵה Exodus 28:20; Exodus 39:13 (Priests' Code) — beryl and onyx and jasper (see Di⁵); וְיָשְׁפֶה (+ id.) Ezekiel 28:13 (see Sm⁶).

יִשְׁפָּה see below שׁפה; יִשְׁפָּן see below שׁפן

¹ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (1863-93).

² Georg Freytag, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum (1830-37).

³ Friedrich Delitzsch, Hebrew and Assyrian (1883).

⁴ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

⁵ August Dillmann, Die Bücher Exodus und Leviticus (1880).

⁶ Rudolf Smend, Der Prophet Ezechiel (1880).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὀνύχιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H3471:

ὀνύχιον 2× (66.7%)

ספיר סַפִּיר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ספיר

çappîyr

Definition

a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire

Root

from H5608 (ספר);

Exhaustive

from ספר; a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire; sapphire.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5601

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סַפִּיר

m. prop. noun • Root ספר • Strongs / High • Page 1031

Properly the shining, light-giving, then sapphire.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סַפִּיר

noun masculine • Page 480

A sapphire. (Ex. 28:18, 39:11, Job 28:6, 16, Ezek. 1:26)

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5601

I. סַפִּיר (approximate number of occurrences: 11) noun masculine — sapphire, perhaps also lapis lazuli.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew סַפִּיר idem, and סַפִּירִינוֹן
• Targum סַפִּירִינוֹן
• Sanskrit canipriya
• Greek σάπφειρος

— סַפִּיר absolute Exodus 24:10 (8 times); plural סַפִּירִים Isaiah 54:11; Songs 5:14.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. As a precious stone

• Ezekiel 28:13 (ornament of a prince)
• Exodus 28:18 (in the high priest's breastplate)
• Exodus 39:11
• Job 28:6 (found in mines)
• Job 28:16 (costly)
• Isaiah 54:11

b. In figurative descriptions

• Lamentations 4:7 (taking high polish)
• Songs 5:14 שֵׁן מְעֻלֶּפֶת סַפִּירִים ivory covered with sapphires

2. Identified as lapis lazuli

Identification as lapis lazuli according to various scholars^4,5,6:

• Job 28:6 (עַפְרֹת זָהָב לוֹ being understood of sparkling crystals of iron pyrites)
• Exodus 24:10 (Jehovist Source) לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר pavement of sapphire (in a theophany)
• Ezekiel 1:26 אֶבֶן־סַפִּיר stone of sapphire
• Ezekiel 10:1

¹ Dillmann, Commentary on Exodus (Di).

² W. Nowack, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Archäologie (1894) (Now).

³ P. de Lagarde, Gesammelte Abhandlungen (Lag).

⁴ F. Hitzig (Hi).

⁵ K. Budde (BU).

⁶ B. Duhm (Du).

⁷ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σαπφείρου σάπφειροσ ---%

LXX Usage Statistics

H5601:

σαπφείρου 6× (45.7%)

σάπφειροσ 2× (13.3%)

---% 2× (12.1%)

נפך נֹפֶךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נפך

nôphek

Definition

shining; a gem, probably the garnet

Root

from an unused root meaning to glisten;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to glisten; shining; a gem, probably the garnet; emerald.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5306

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֹפֶךְ

noun masculine • Root נפך • Strongs / High • Page 979

a glowing, red stone, hence a carbuncle or a ruby.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֹפֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 449

The name of a precious stone, which cannot be defined with certainty (Ex. 28: 18; 39: 11; Ezek. 27: 16; 28: 13).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5306

נֹ֫פֶךְ noun masculine — a precious stone which Tyre gained by trade.

— נֹ֫פֶךְ Ezekiel 27:16 (where נ׳ doubted by Berthol, queried by Toy: Hpt), compare Ezekiel 28:13 (symbolic of wealth and honour of king of Tyre); in high priest’s breastplate Exodus 28:18; Exodus 39:11.

1. Identification

Perhaps = ruby or carbuncle LXX Josephus ἄνθραξ, Vulg carbunculus, compare Di^Ex Kau^Ex Sgfr^Ezek Co Berthol; Targ AV emerald.

¹ Di = August Dillmann; Kau = Emil Kautzsch; Sgfr = Carl Siegfried; Co = Carl Heinrich Cornill; Berthol = Alfred Bertholet.

² Toy = Crawford Howell Toy; Hpt = Paul Haupt.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄνθραξ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5306:

ἄνθραξ 2× (51.9%)

וברקת וּבָרְקַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ברקת

bâreqeth

Definition

a gem (as flashing), perhaps the emerald

Root

or ברקתxlit bârᵉkath corrected to bârᵉqath; from H1300 (ברק);

Exhaustive

lemma ברקת variant form, corrected to ברקת; or ברקתxlit bârᵉkath corrected to bârᵉqath; from ברק; a gem (as flashing), perhaps the emerald; carbuncle.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1304

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַקַּת

noun proper • Root רקק • Consonantal / Low • Page 1359

Name of a city in Naphtali (traditionally the site of the later Tiberias).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּרֶקֶת

noun feminine • Root ברק • Page 118

A precious stone, probably so called from its glittering brightness; identified as the emerald. Found in Ex. 28:17 and as בָּרְקַת in Ezek. 28:13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1304

I. בָּרֶקֶת noun feminine — a precious stone, emerald, according to ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Josephus; (from flashing, sparkling; compare Lagarde¹).

Cognates:

• Sanskrit markata
• Greek μάραγδος
• Greek ζμύραγδος

— בָּרֶקֶת Exodus 28:17, Exodus 39:10 (Priests' Code); construct בָּֽרְקַת noun feminine id., Ezekiel 28:13 (compare GKC² § 80 R. 2; Pinsker³).

¹ P. de Lagarde, Reliquiae iuris ecclesiastici antiquissimae (1856), p. 10.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ S. Pinsker, Einleitung in das Babylonisch-Hebräische Punktationssystem (1863), p. 73.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: σμάραγδοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1304b:

σμάραγδοσ 2× (66.7%)

וזהב וְזָהָב

and gold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זהב

zâhâb

Definition

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky

Root

from an unused root meaning to shimmer;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky; gold(-en), fair weather.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2091

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָהָב

noun masculine • Root זהב • Strongs / High • Page 426

1. gold, as metal. 2. Figuratively, oil, so called from its shining colour; perhaps also the sun or the golden brightness of the sky.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָהָב

m. prim. • Page 198

1. gold (Gen. 24:22, 53. 36:39). 2. figuratively the golden splendour (of the firmament), Job 37:22; gold-coloured oil, Zech. 4:12.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2091

I. זָהָב (approximate number of occurrences: 385) noun masculine Genesis 2:12 — gold.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic ذهب
• Sabean דֿהב (compare Olshausen¹, Müller²)
• Aramaic דְּהַב, דַּהֲבָא
• Palmyrene דהבא (compare Vogüé³)

— זָהָב absolute Genesis 2:11 (364 times); construct Genesis 2:12 (6 times); suffix זְהָבִי 1 Kings 20:7 +; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 Kings 20:3, 5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isaiah 2:20, 31:7; זְהָבָם Hosea 8:4 + etc.

1. Gold-ore, gold in a raw state

• Genesis 2:11–12
• Jeremiah 10:9
• Proverbs 17:3
• Proverbs 27:21
• Job 28:1 +
• Perhaps also 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 etc.
• Compare עַפְרֹת זָהָב Job 28:6 gold-dust
• Simile of tried people: Zechariah 13:9, Malachi 3:3; simile of Job’s purity Job 23:10

מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious; read perhaps זֹהַר (Duhm, Driver); Ewald, Delitzsch and others out of the North comes gold; others golden light, brightness (Septuagint, Rabbins, Davidson); or golden splendour of God (Böttcher, Hitzig); Siegfried conjectures יהוה for זהב.

2. Gold as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Jehovist Source; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף)
• Genesis 24:34 (Jehovist Source; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים)
• Compare Hosea 2:8; Isaiah 2:7; Deuteronomy 8:13; 17:17; Job 3:15; 31:24; Zechariah 14:14; Ezra 1:4, 6 +
• General preciousness: Proverbs 22:1; Job 28:17 (of wisdom); Psalm 19:10 (ordinances of יהוה); Psalm 119:72, 127; metaphor of princes Lamentations 4:1.

3. Gold as spoil of war

• Joshua 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל), 24
• Compare Joshua 7:21, 24; 22:8; 2 Kings 7:8 +.

4. Gold as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּל בֹּשֶֹׁם)
• Compare gold from Ophir 1 Kings 9:28 (see below 7).

5. Gold as costly gift

• To a prophet: מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב (hypothetical), Numbers 22:18; 24:13 (both Elohist Source)
• Brought by Queen of Sheba: 1 Kings 10:2, 10 = 2 Chronicles 9:1, 9
• As tribute: 2 Kings 23:35 (twice); as satisfaction for murder 2 Samuel 21:4.

6. Gold as material

Of rings (נֶזֶם), chains, shields, images, and temple furnishings:

• Genesis 24:22; Exodus 32:2–3; Judges 8:24–25; Genesis 41:42
• As material of idols: Exodus 20:23; 32:31; Hosea 8:4; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 7:25
• Furnishings of Solomon's Temple: 1 Kings 6:20–22, 28; 7:48; 2 Chronicles 3:4–6
• Tabernacle furnishings: Exodus 25:3, 11, 24; 38:24 (Priests' Code)

7. Gold described by its source

• Gold from Ophir: 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49; 1 Chronicles 29:4
• Gold from Uphaz: Jeremiah 10:9 (read perhaps אוֺפִיר)
• Gold of Sheba: Psalm 72:15; Gold of Parvaim: 2 Chronicles 3:6

8. Gold defined by adjective

• שָׁחוּט beaten gold: 1 Kings 10:16–17; 2 Chronicles 9:15–16
• סָגוּר: 1 Kings 6:20–21; 7:49–50
• טָהוֺר pure gold: Exodus 25:11, 17, 24 (P and Chronicles)
• טוֺב good gold: 2 Chronicles 3:5, 8
• מוּפָז best gold: 1 Kings 10:18

9. As measure of weight and value

1. Gold-shekel
   • Genesis 24:22 (עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב)
   • Numbers 7:14; Judges 8:26
   • 1 Chronicles 21:25 (שִׁקְלֵי זָהָב)
2. Mina of gold
   • 1 Kings 10:17 (שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים זָהָב)
3. Talent of gold
   • 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 9:14
4. Darics
   • Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:69; Ezra 8:27

10. Of golden oil

• From its colour: Zechariah 4:12.

11. Named with silver

Often follows silver in earlier/later writings: Genesis 13:2; Exodus 3:22; Numbers 22:18; 1 Kings 15:15; Psalm 105:37. In later writings it often precedes silver: Ezekiel 28:4; 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 1:11.

12. Chief verbs used with gold

a. עָשָׂה (make) — 1 Kings 7:48; Exodus 25:11; לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזָּהָב work in gold Exodus 31:4.

b. יָצַק (cast) — Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3.

c. צִמָּה (overlay) — 1 Kings 6:20; Exodus 25:11.

d. חפה (overlay) — 2 Chronicles 3:5.

e. תָּפוּשׂ (encased) — Habakkuk 2:19.

f. רדד (spread) — 1 Kings 6:32.

On דִּי זָהָב and מֵי זָהָב (proper names) see relevant entries.

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

² David Heinrich Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG, 1883).

³ Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale. Inscriptions sémitiques (1868).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χρυσίον χρυσίου χρυσίῳ '' χρυσᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2091:

χρυσίον 81× (17.4%)

χρυσίου 71× (16.5%)

χρυσίῳ 39× (9.3%)

'' 29× (6.3%)

χρυσᾶ 25× (6.0%)

χρυσοῦσ 22× (5.4%)

χρυσῶν 19× (4.6%)

χρυσοῦν 18× (4.3%)

χρυσᾶσ 14× (3.5%)

pἐκ 14× (3.6%)

מלאכת מְלֶאכֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלאכה

mᵉlâʼkâh

Definition

properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

Root

from the same as H4397 (מלאך);

Exhaustive

from the same as מלאך; properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor); business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4399

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Strongs / High • Page 854

Service, employment, work, labor, activity; field-work, husbandry; business, commerce; work of an artisan, manufacture; woven work; graving-work; architecture; temple service; a plan or pattern; the work of God, creation; riches gained by labor.

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root מלאך • Strongs / High • Page 853

Work, business, service (derived from מְלָאךְ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Page 378

1. business. Gen. 39:11. Ex. 20:9, 10. 2. work, labour, of an artificer, mechanic. Lev. 13:48. 1 Chr. 23:4. 2 K. 12:12. 1 K. 5:30. 3. goods, substance, cattle. Ex. 22:7, 10. Gen. 33:14. 1 Sam. 15:9.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4399

I. מְלָאכָה (approximate number of occurrences: 167) noun feminine — occupation, work.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מלאכת labour
• Compare reconstructed form מַלְאָכָה

— מְלָאכָה Exodus 12:16 (102 times); מְלָ֑אכֶת 2 Chronicles 13:10; construct מְלֶאכֶת Exodus 35:24 (42 times); suffix מְלַאכְתְּךָ Jonah 1:8; מְלַאכְתֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 20:9 (2 times); מְלַאכְתּוֺ Genesis 2:2 (13 times); plural construct מַלְאֲכוֺת 1 Chronicles 28:19; suffix מַלְאֲכוֺתֶיךָ Psalm 73:28.

1. Occupation, business

מַה מְּלַאכְתְּךָ what is thy occupation Jonah 1:8; business of a steward Genesis 39:11 (Jehovist Source); diligent in business Proverbs 22:29; slack in business Proverbs 18:9.

2. Property

Property in which one is occupied, מְלֶאכֶת רֵעֵהוּ his neighbour's property Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:10 (Elohist Source); possessions of herds and flocks Genesis 33:14 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 15:9 (compare מִקְנֶה); מְלָאכָה רַבָּה great property 2 Chronicles 17:13.

3. Work as something done or made

a. Of God in creation

• Genesis 2:2 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 2:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• In judgment Jeremiah 50:25
• In General Psalm 73:28

b. Of men

• מְלֶאכֶת עוֹר leather-work Leviticus 13:48, 51 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• מְלֶאכֶת הַשָּׂדֶה work in the field 1 Chronicles 27:26
• In building Proverbs 24:27 +
• The walls of Jerusalem Nehemiah 4:5 +
• Making the tabernacle and its furniture Exodus 36:2 +
• The temple 1 Kings 5:30 +
• Work of the potter Jeremiah 18:3
• Of the seaman Psalm 107:23
• Of the Levites 1 Chronicles 26:29
• Of priests in the sacrifices 2 Chronicles 29:34

מְלֶאכֶת (הַ)עֲבֹדָה phrase of Priests' Code / Narrative: Exodus 35:24; Exodus 36:1, 3; Leviticus 23:7, 8, 21, 25, 35, 36; Numbers 28:18, 25, 26; Numbers 29:1, 12, 35; also 1 Chronicles 9:13, 19; 1 Chronicles 28:13, 20; 2 Chronicles 24:12; הַמְּלָאכָה לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Chronicles 23:24; עֲבֹדָה לִמְלָאכָה Exodus 36:5 (Priests' Code / Narrative).

Compare the phrase עֹשֵׂה הַמְּלָאכָה workmen Ezra 3:9; Nehemiah 2:16; עֹשִׂים בַּמְּלָאכָה 1 Kings 5:30; 1 Kings 9:23 +.

כָּל מְלָאכָה any work forbidden on the Sabbath Exodus 20:9–10; Leviticus 23:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Deuteronomy 5:13–14; Jeremiah 17:22, 24; on holy convocations Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 16:29; Leviticus 23:28, 30, 31; Numbers 29:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative).

4. Workmanship

כָּל מְלָאכָה in every kind of workmanship, phrase of Priests' Code / Narrative: Exodus 31:3, 5; Exodus 35:29, 31, 33, 35; and Chronicles: 1 Chronicles 22:15; 1 Chronicles 28:21; 1 Chronicles 29:5; 1 Kings 7:14.

5. Service, use

Leviticus 7:24; Leviticus 11:32; Judges 16:11; Ezekiel 28:13.

6. Public business

a. Political

1 Kings 11:28; 1 Chronicles 29:6; Daniel 8:27; Esther 3:9; Esther 9:3.

b. Religious

putting away foreign wives Ezra 10:13; מְלֶאכֶת יְהוָה 1 Chronicles 26:30; מְלֶאכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 36:4; Exodus 38:24 (Priests' Code / Narrative); מְלֶאכֶת קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים 1 Chronicles 6:34; מְלֶאכֶת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Exodus 35:21 (Priests' Code / Narrative); מְלֶאכֶת בֵּית יְהוָה 1 Chronicles 23:4; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 6:22; Nehemiah 10:34; Nehemiah 11:22.

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἔργον ἔργα ἐργασίαν ἔργων ἔργου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4399:

ἔργον 54× (32.7%)

ἔργα 50× (28.0%)

ἐργασίαν 11× (6.6%)

ἔργων 8× (4.4%)

ἔργου 4× (2.3%)

'' 4× (2.2%)

ἔργοισ 4× (1.9%)

ἔργῳ 3× (1.9%)

ἐργασία 3× (1.5%)

βασιλείᾳ 2× (1.0%)

תפיך תֻּפֶּיךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תף

tôph

Definition

a tambourine

Root

from H8608 (תפף) contracted;

Exhaustive

from תפף contracted; a tambourine; tabret, timbrel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8596

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תֹּף

noun masculine • Root תפף • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1525

(pl. תֻּפִּים, with suff. תֻּפִּי, תֻּפֶּךָ, תֻּפֵּיהֶם; from תָּפַף) m. a (hand-) drum (consisting of a broad hoop with a stretched hide, the margin furnished with bells or rattles of metal) coupled with כִּנּוֹר, and beaten at solemn partings Gen. 31, 27.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֹּף

m. plur. תֻּפִּים • Page 723

1. The tabret or kettle-drum of the orientals, played by dancing women. Refs: Ex. 15:20; Judg. 11:34; Jer. 31:4; Ps. 68:26. 2. A casket or tympanum gemmae. Ref: Ezek. 28:13.

תֹּף

verb • Page 724

to smite, strike, e. g. the tabret. Ps. 68:26. Po. to beat (on the heart or breast). Nah. 2:8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8596

I. תֹּף (approximate number of occurrences: 20) noun masculine — timbrel, tambourine.

— תֹּף absolute Genesis 31:27 +; plural תֻּמִּים Judges 11:34 +; suffix תֻּמֶּ֫יךָ Ezekiel 28:13, תֻּמַּ֫יִח Jeremiah 31:4.

1. Meanings and Uses

timbrel, held and struck with hand, especially by dancing women, often with other musical instruments:

a. Sign of merriment, gladness, or revelry

• Genesis 31:27 (Elohist Source)
• Job 21:12
• Isaiah 5:12
• מְשׂוֹשׂ תֹּף Isaiah 24:8, compare Jeremiah 31:4; Ezekiel 28:13

b. Exultation and triumph

• Exodus 15:20 (twice in verse) (Elohist Source)
• Judges 11:34
• 1 Samuel 18:6
• Isaiah 30:32

c. In religious ecstasy and praise

• Used by prophets in ecstasy 1 Samuel 10:5
• In praise of יהוה 2 Samuel 6:5 ("" 1 Chronicles 13:8)
• Psalm 81:3
• Psalm 149:3
• Psalm 150:4

¹ Elohist Source.

² J. Dyneley Prince, "Music," § 3, in Encyclopaedia Biblica, edited by T. K. Cheyne and J. S. Black (1899–1903).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: τυμπάνων τυμπάνοισ τύμπανον τυμπάνῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8596:

τυμπάνων 4× (22.3%)

τυμπάνοισ 4× (20.4%)

τύμπανον 3× (17.0%)

τυμπάνῳ 2× (10.7%)

ונקביך וּנְקָבֶיךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נקב

neqeb

Definition

a bezel (for a gem)

Root

Exhaustive

a bezel (for a gem); pipe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5345

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶקֶב

masculine noun • Root נקב • Strongs / High • Page 987

1. a bezel for precious stones, a cavity. 2. a hollow; proper name of a town in Naphtali.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶקֶב

m. dec. vi. • Root נקב • Page 455

A casket or pala gemmarum (setting for gems); literally an excavation or incision. Others suggest 'pipes'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5345

I. [נֶ֫קֶב] (1 occurrence) noun masculine — hole or cavity (technical term of jeweller's work¹).

— only plural suffix תֻּמֶּיךָ וּנְקָבֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:13.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sockets or grooves in jewellery

• Ezekiel 28:13 thy sockets and thy grooves (Da²), or thy settings and thy sockets.

¹ Hi-Sm: Ferdinand Hitzig and Rudolf Smend; Co: Carl Heinrich Cornill; Berthol: Alfred Bertholet; Toy^Hpt: Crawford H. Toy in Haupt's Sacred Books of the Old Testament (leaves untranslated).

² Da: A. B. Davidson.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5345:

No stats available

בך בָּךְ

within yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

הבראך הִבָּרַאֲךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ברא

bârâʼ

Definition

(absolutely) to create; (qualified) to cut down (a wood), select, feed (as formative processes)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; (absolutely) to create; (qualified) to cut down (a wood), select, feed (as formative processes); choose, create (creator), cut down, dispatch, do, make (fat).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1254

ך

Definition

you, subject pronoun - subject 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9041

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּרָא

verb • Root ברה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 274

1. (not used) to cut, form, fashion; 2. to create, spoken of the divine creation of the world

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּרָא

verb • Root ברא • Consonantal / Medium • Page 275

To be filled, to be full, then to be fat, to be well-fed, to be strong, lusty. (Hiphil: to nourish, to give nutriment, to make fat/strong). Collateral form of מָרָא.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּרָא

verb • Page 114

I. 1. strictly to hew, to hew out. 2. to form, make, produce. Gen. 1:1, 21, 27; Ps. 51:12; Is. 43:1, 7. Niph. to be born. Ezek. 21:35; Ps. 102:19. Pi. to hew, cut down a wood. Josh. 17:15, 18.

בָּרָא

denom. from בָּרִיא • Root בריא • Page 114

II. to make fat, to fatten. 1 Sam. 2:29.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1254

I. בָּרָא (approximate number of occurrences: 53) verb — shape, create.

Cognates:

• Arabic برأ probably loan-word, form, fashion by cutting, shape out, pare a reed for writing, a stick for an arrow, but also برأ, create
• Phoenician הברא incisor, a trade involving cutting
• Assyrian barû, make, create
• Sabean ברא found, build, synonym בנה
• Aramaic בְּרָא, create

— Qal Perfect Genesis 1:1 (19 times); Imperfect יִבְרָא Genesis 1:21, Genesis 1:27; Numbers 16:30; Infinitive בְּראֹ Genesis 5:1; Imperative בְּרָא Psalm 51:12; Participle בּוֺרֵא Isaiah 42:5 (10 times); suffix בֹּרַאֲךָ Isaiah 43:1; בּוֺרְאֶיךָ Ecclesiastes 12:1; — shape, fashion, create, always of divine activity, with accusative of thing, seldom except in P and Second Isaiah.

1. Objects of Creation

a. Heaven and earth

• Genesis 1:1
• Genesis 2:3 (Priests' Code)
• Isaiah 45:18

b. Mankind

• Genesis 1:27
• Genesis 5:1–2 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 6:7 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:32; Psalm 89:48; Isaiah 45:12

c. Other natural elements

• The host of heaven Isaiah 40:26
• Heavens Isaiah 42:5; ends of the earth Isaiah 40:28
• North and south Psalm 89:13; wind Amos 4:13
• The תנינים (sea-monsters) Genesis 1:21 (Priests' Code)

2. Of the Individual and the Nation

• The individual man Malachi 2:10 (parallel to father); Ecclesiastes 12:1
• The smith and the waster Isaiah 54:16
• Israel as a nation Isaiah 43:15; Jacob Isaiah 43:1; the seed of Israel Isaiah 43:7

3. New Conditions and Circumstances

• Righteousness and salvation Isaiah 45:8; darkness and evil Isaiah 45:7
• Fruit of the lips Isaiah 57:19
• A new thing חֲדָשָׁה Jeremiah 31:22
• A בְּרִיאָה (swallowing up the Korahites) Numbers 16:30 (Jehovist Source)
• Cloud and flame over Zion Isaiah 4:5

4. Of Transformations

• A clean heart Psalm 51:12 (parallel to חִדֵּשׁ)
• New heaven and earth Isaiah 65:17
• Transformation of nature Isaiah 41:20
• With double accusative: בורא ירושׁלם גילה transform Jerusalem into rejoicing Isaiah 65:18

— Niph`al Perfect 2 feminine singular נִבְרֵאתְ Ezekiel 21:35; 3 plural נִבְרְאוּ Exodus 34:10 (2 times); Imperfect יִבָּרֵא֑וּן Psalm 104:30; Infinitive suffix הִבָּרַאֲךָ Ezekiel 28:13; הִבָּֽרְאָךְ Ezekiel 28:15; הִבָּֽרְאָם Genesis 2:4; Genesis 5:2; Participle נִבְרָא Psalm 102:19; — Passive.

1. be created
   • Heaven and earth Genesis 2:4 (Priests' Code)
   • Creatures Psalm 104:30; mankind Genesis 5:2 (Priests' Code); heavens Psalm 148:5
2. with reference to birth
   • In the place where thou wast created (native land) Ezekiel 21:35
   • Day when thou wast created Ezekiel 28:13, 15 (compare היום ילדתיך Psalm 2:7)
   • עַם נִבְרָא Psalm 102:19 (parallel to עַם נוֺלָד Psalm 22:32)
3. of something new, astonishing: miracles
   • Exodus 34:10 (Jehovist Source)
   • New things, חדשׁות Isaiah 48:6

— Pi`el Perfect בֵּרֵאתָ Joshua 17:15; בֵּרֵאתוֺ Joshua 17:18; Infinitive absolute בָּרֵא Ezekiel 21:24; Ezekiel 23:47; —

1. cut down
   • A forest Joshua 17:15, 18 (Jehovist Source)
   • וּבָרֵא אוֺתְהֶן בְּחַרְבוֺתָם Ezekiel 23:47
2. cut out
   • יָד hand, as an index Ezekiel 21:24

II. [בָּרָא] verb — be fat.

Cognates:

• Arabic برئ be free of a thing, sound, healthy

— Hiph`il Infinitive לְהַבְרִיאֲכֶם 1 Samuel 2:29 to make yourselves fat.

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (KAT).

⁴ Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA).

⁵ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG).

Verb Niphal infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ἔκτισεν --- κτίζων ποιήσασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1254a:

ἐποίησεν 8× (13.9%)

ἔκτισεν 3× (5.4%)

--- 3× (5.4%)

κτίζων 3× (4.6%)

ποιήσασ 3× (4.6%)

ἔκτισασ 2× (3.6%)

ἔκτ 2× (3.6%)

ἐπ' 2× (3.6%)

ἐκτίσθησ 2× (3.3%)

ἀρχῆσ 2× (3.1%)

כוננו כּוֹנָנוּ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כון

kûwn

Definition

properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous); certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness, fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet, ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self), provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright, fast, forth), be stable, (e-) stablish, stand, tarry, [idiom] very deed.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

Properly, to stand, stand upright, stand firm; therefore to be, to exist. Transitive: to prepare, to create.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

To be certainly; to be ready, determined; to be conducted, managed; to prepare oneself.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(not used) properly, to make firm, to ground, cognate in sense to שָׁפַת; metaphorically, to spread out, to make broad, flat, of a cake.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(not used) to set up, erect, a pillar.

כּוּן

noun • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(properly, establishing, founding of the...)

כּוּן

noun proper • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 685

A proper noun for a city in Aram-Zobah, along with טִבְחַת or בֶּטַח, lying on the high road toward the Euphrates. The entry discusses its possible identification with Conna or Berothai and its etymological connection to Saturn worship or the concept of 'foundation', 'firmness', or 'continuance'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כּוּן

verb • Page 311

Literally to stand up; not used in Kal. In Pilel כּוֹנֵן: 1. to raise up, erect; 2. to found; 3. to direct (e.g., an arrow); 4. to prepare, form, make. In Pulal כּוֹנָן: to be prepared, to be established. In Hithpalel הִתְכּוֹנֵן: 1. to be founded, established; 2. to make one's self ready. In Hiph. הֵכִין: 1. to raise up, erect, place; 2. to appoint to an office; 3. to found; 4. to direct (heart or arrow); 5. to prepare. In Niph.: to be placed upright, to stand firm; metaphorically to be becoming, right, suitable.

כּוּן

proper noun • Page 312

A Phenician city, which in the parallel passage 2 Sam. 8:9, is called בֵּרוֹתַי Berytus. Mentioned in 1 Chr. 18:8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3559

I. [כּוּן] (approximate number of occurrences: 218) verb — be firm, only in derived conjugation.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew and Aramaic כּוּן
• Assyrian kânu¹
• Arabic كان
• Ethiopic כּוֹנָה
• Sabean כון²
• Phoenician כון

— Niphal Perfect 3 feminine singular נָכּוֹנָה 1 Kings 2:46; 3 plural נָכוֹנוּ Proverbs 19:29; נָכֹּנוּ Ezekiel 16:7; Imperfect יִכּוֹן Proverbs 12:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּכּוֹן Jeremiah 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1 Kings 2:12, 2 Chronicles 8:16, etc.; Imperative הִכּוֹן Amos 4:12; הִכֹּן Ezekiel 38:7; plural הכונו 2 Chronicles 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינוּ Hiphil); Participle נָכוֹן Genesis 41:32 +; construct נְכוֹן Proverbs 4:18; feminine נְכוֹנָה Psalm 5:10 (2 times); plural נְכֹנִים Exodus 19:11 (2 times).

Meanings and Uses in Niphal

1. be set up, established, fixed:

• a. literally, of house upon pillars Judges 16:26, 29; of temple-mount Isaiah 2:2 = Micah 4:1; of breasts at puberty Ezekiel 16:7; of תֵּבֵל Psalm 93:1 = Psalm 96:10 = 1 Chronicles 16:30; of יְהוָה's hand Psalm 89:22.
• b. figurative, of throne 2 Samuel 7:16 = 1 Chronicles 17:14; 1 Kings 2:45; Psalm 89:38; Psalm 93:2; Proverbs 16:12; Proverbs 25:5; Proverbs 29:14; of king or kingdom 1 Samuel 20:31; 1 Kings 2:12, 46; 2 Samuel 7:26; 1 Chronicles 17:24.
• c. of persons, be established, stable, secure Job 21:8; Proverbs 12:3; Proverbs 12:19; Psalm 101:7; Psalm 102:29; Psalm 140:12; of plans Proverbs 16:3; Proverbs 20:18; mid-day נְכוֹן הַיּוֹם Proverbs 4:18.
• d. fixed, securely determined Genesis 41:32 (Elohist Source); Hosea 6:3; certain, of an allegation Deuteronomy 13:15 = Deuteronomy 17:4; עַל־נָכוֹן certainly 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4.

2. in moral sense, be directed aright:

• Of ways Proverbs 4:26; Psalm 119:5; be stedfast נָכוֹן לִבִּי Psalm 57:8; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 112:7; Psalm 78:37; רוּחַ נָכוֹן Psalm 51:12; it is not right Exodus 8:22 (Jehovist Source); as substantive, what is right Job 42:7, 8; Psalm 5:10.

3. prepare, be ready:

• Person Amos 4:12; words Proverbs 22:18; Ezekiel 38:7; 2 Chronicles 35:4; of things Exodus 19:11, 15; Exodus 34:2; Joshua 8:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); Job 12:5; Nehemiah 8:10; Job 18:12; Psalm 38:18; Job 15:23.

4. passive be prepared:

• Of judgments Proverbs 19:29; of work 2 Chronicles 8:16; of prayer Psalm 141:2; of temple service 2 Chronicles 29:35; 35:10, 16.

— Hiphil Perfect הֵכִין Joshua 4:4 +; Imperfect יָכִין Judges 12:6 +; Imperative הָכֵן Genesis 43:16 +; Infinitive absolute הָכֵן Joshua 3:17; construct הָכִין Isaiah 9:6 +.

1. establish, set up:
   • king or kingdom 2 Samuel 5:12; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Samuel 13:13; Psalm 89:5; the world Jeremiah 10:12; Psalm 65:7; heart Psalm 10:17.
2. fix, prepare, provide:
   • gift Genesis 43:25 (Jehovist Source); place Exodus 23:20; food Joshua 1:11; sacrifice Zephaniah 1:7; road Deuteronomy 19:3; provide for earth Psalm 147:8.
3. direct step or heart:
   • one's steps Jeremiah 10:23; Proverbs 16:9; Psalm 119:133; heart towards יְהוָה 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 12:14; Ezra 7:10.

— Hophal Perfect הוּכַן Isaiah 30:33; Isaiah 16:5; Participle מוּכָן Proverbs 21:31. — 1. be established Isaiah 16:5. 2. be prepared Isaiah 30:33; Proverbs 21:31.

— Polel Perfect כּוֹנֵן Psalm 9:8; כּוֹנַנְתָּ Psalm 99:4; Imperfect יְכוֹנֵן Isaiah 62:7; Imperative כּוֹנְַנָה Psalm 90:17. — 1. establish, found city Habakkuk 2:12; sanctuary Exodus 15:17; heavens Proverbs 3:19. 2. constitute, make man Job 31:15; Psalm 119:73. 3. fix arrow Psalm 11:2; bow Psalm 7:13.

— Polal Perfect כּוֹנָנוּ Psalm 37:23 steps established.

— Hithpolel Imperfect יִתְכּוֹנָן Proverbs 24:3 be established; יִכּוֹנָנוּ Psalm 59:5 set oneself.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² D.H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG, 1875).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Verb Pual perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἡτοίμασεν ἡτοίμασαν '' ἕτοιμοσ ἑτοιμάσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3559a:

ἡτοίμασεν 19× (8.6%)

ἡτοίμασαν 11× (5.0%)

'' 6× (2.4%)

ἕτοιμοσ 5× (2.4%)

ἑτοιμάσαι 5× (2.2%)

ἡτοιμάσθη 5× (1.9%)

ἡτοίμασασ 4× (1.8%)

ἡτοίμασα 4× (1.8%)

--- 4× (1.9%)

ἑτοίμη 4× (1.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Thou wert in Eden the garden of God: every precious stone thy covering, the ruby, the topaz, the onyx, the chrysolite, the sardonyx and the jasper, the sapphire, the carbuncle and the emerald, and gold: the work of thy drums and thy pipes were prepared in thee in the day of thy being created.

LITV Translation:
You have been in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was your covering, the ruby, the topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the turquoise, and the emerald, and gold. The workmanship of your tambourines and of your flutes in you. In the day you were created, they were prepared.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Thou wast in the delight of the paradise of God; thou hast bound upon thee every precious stone, the sardius, and topaz, and emerald, and carbuncle, and sapphire, and jasper, and silver, and gold, and ligure, and agate, and amethyst, and chrysolite, and beryl, and onyx: and thou hast filled thy treasures and thy stores in thee with gold.