Ezekiel 27:20

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

דדן דְּדָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דדן

Dᵉdân

Definition

Dedan, the name of two Cushites and of their territory

Root

or (prolonged) דדנה; (Ezekiel 25:13), of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

or (prolonged) דדנה; (Ezekiel 25:13), of uncertain derivation; Dedan, the name of two Cushites and of their territory; Dedan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1719

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּדָן

noun proper • Root דון • Consonantal / Medium • Page 356

1. Proper name of a Cushite, founder of a Cushite tribe and an Abrahamic-Arabic race. 2. A Cushite tribe incorporated with the Joktanites, settled in eastern Arabia. 3. Proper name of the seat of this tribe, either at the Persian gulf or in the neighborhood of Edom. The stem may signify 'low country'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דְּדָן

proper name • Page 157

Proper name of a people and country in Arabia, frequently mentioned in connexion with places in Idumea. Jer. 25:23; 49:8; Ezek. 25:13. There was a Dedan, grandson of Cush (Gen. 10:7) and another, grandson of Abraham by Keturah (Gen. 25:3).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1719

I. דְּדָן (approximate number of occurrences: 11) proper name, location and people — Dedan.

Cognates:

• Sabean בנו דדן
• Moabite Stone דדן

— דְּדָן Genesis 10:7 + 8 times; Ezekiel 27:20; with ה locative דְּדָ֫נֶה Ezekiel 25:13 (compare GKC¹).

1. Descendant of Cush

a. Under figure of son of Raamah and grandson of Cush

• Genesis 10:7 (brother of שְׁבָא)
• 1 Chronicles 1:9
• Ezekiel 27:20
• Ezekiel 38:13 (+ שְׁבָא)

b. A South-Arabian tribe

A tribe on the Persian Gulf, or according to some in the northwest of the Arabian peninsula:

• בְּנֵי דְּדָן Ezekiel 27:15 (but read here perhaps רדן υἱοὶ Ῥοδίων, compare Stade² and Cornill³)

2. Descendant of Keturah

a. As son of Jokshan and father of Asshurim

• Genesis 25:3 (twice in verse) (also brother of שְׁבָא)
• 1 Chronicles 1:32
• Jeremiah 25:23
• יֹשְׁבֵי דְדָן Jeremiah 49:8

3. Related Reading

רֹדָן proper name, location or people — Rhodes, Rhodians. So read for בְּנֵי דְּדָן in Ezekiel 27:15 according to LXX, Stade, and Cornill.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² B. Stade, De Populo Javan (1880).

³ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁴ D. H. Müller, ZMG (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft).

Noun proper name

LXX: δαιδαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1719a:

δαιδαν 7× (60.1%)

רכלתך רֹכַלְתֵּךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רכל

râkal

Definition

to travel for trading

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to travel for trading; (spice) merchant.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7402

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָכַל

verb • Root רכל • Strongs / High • Page 1339

1. to go about as a trader, to trade. 2. to tread down, i. e. to slander.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָכַל

verb • Page 619

To go about, to go up and down. Particularly (1.) as a trader, hence to trade, traffic. Part. רֹכֵל a trader, merchant, Ezek. 27:13, 15, 17 ff. (2.) as a tale-bearer.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7402

I. רָכַל verb — go about, from one to another (for trade or gossip).

Cognates:

• Probably connected with רגל
• Arabic ركل kick a horse, to make him go (properly use the foot)
• Late Hebrew רוֺכֵל, Aramaic רוֺכְלָא, ܪܲܟܵܠܵܐ trader
• Late Hebrew רְכִילוּת slander (compare ܪܲܟ݂ܝܼܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ calumniator)

— רָכַל Qal Participle רוֺכֵל Song of Solomon 3:6; feminine singular construct רֹכֶ֫לֶת Ezekiel 27:3, suffix רֹכַלְתֵךְ Ezekiel 27:20, Ezekiel 27:23; masculine plural רֹכְלִים 1 Kings 10:15 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

As substantive = trafficker, trader:

a. Usually plural

• Nahum 3:16
• עִיר רֹכְלִים Ezekiel 17:4
• Ezekiel 27:13, 15, 17, 22 (twice)
• Ezekiel 27:23a (but strike out, see Toy¹, Krae²), Ezekiel 27:24
• Nehemiah 3:31–32
• Nehemiah 13:20 (+ מֹכְרֵי כָל־מִמְכָּר)
• מִסְחַר הָרֹכְלִים 1 Kings 10:15 (text dubious; compare מִסְחָר)

b. Singular figurative

• Of Tyre: רֹכֶלֶת הָעַמִּים אֶל־אִיִּים רַבִּים Ezekiel 27:3 (in raw text Ezekiel 27:8)
• Of a people: Ezekiel 27:20, Ezekiel 27:23b (plural per Mez³, Krae²; see also כִּלְמַד)

c. Singular of person only in

• אַבְקַת רוֺכֵל Song of Solomon 3:6

¹ Crawford H. Toy, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1899).

² Rudolf Kraetzschmar, Das Buch Ezechiel (1900).

³ Adam Mez, Geschichte der Stadt Harrān in Mesopotamien (1892).

Verb Qal participle active feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἔμποροί

LXX Usage Statistics

H7402:

ἔμποροί 6× (37.6%)

בבגדי בְבִגְדֵי־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בגד

beged

Definition

a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage

Root

from H898 (בגד);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H899

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּגֶד

noun masculine • Root בגד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. Covering, clothing in the proper and usual sense; a tegument over the sacred vessels; in particular a kind of upper-garment. 2. Covering, deceit, faithlessness, treachery, robbery.

בָּגַד

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

1. (not used) to cover, veil, clothe. 2. To cover, to conceal, then to act covertly, to deceive, deal falsely; to forsake faithlessly; to betray.

בֹּגְדוֹת

noun feminine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 218

Treachery, deceit.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H899

I. בֶּגֶד [noun masculine] — treachery

• Isaiah 24:16
• Jeremiah 12:1

II. בֶּגֶד noun masculine (except Leviticus 6:20 עָלֶיהָ, but Samaritan עָלִיו, compare Dillmann¹ in loco König i. 182) — garment, covering

— בֶּגֶד absolute Genesis 28:2 (36 times); suffix בִּגְדוֹ Ezekiel 9:3 + (14 times without daghesh lene Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94²); plural בְּגָדִים Leviticus 6:4 (32 times); construct בִּגְדֵי Genesis 27:15 (39 times); suffix בְּגָדֶיךָ 1 Kings 22:20 (81 times); בִּגְדֹתֶיךָ Psalm 45:9;

1. Garment, clothing, raiment, robe of any kind

from the filthy clothing of the leper to the holy robes of the high priest, the simplest covering of the poor as well as the costly raiment of the rich and noble, used throughout Hebrew Literature:

• Genesis 24:53 (Jehovist Source³)
• Genesis 28:20 (Elohist Source; 14 times Jehovist Source Elohist Source)
• Exodus 28:2 + (Priests' Code / Narrative 90 times)
• Deuteronomy 24:17
• Judges 8:26 (4 times)
• 1 Samuel 19:13 (10 times)
• 1 Kings 1:1 (23 times)
• 2 Chronicles 18:9 + (Chronicles 9 times)
• Esther 4:1, 4
• Job 13:28
• Job 22:6
• Job 37:17
• Psalm 22:19
• Psalm 45:9
• Psalm 102:27
• Psalm 109:19
• Proverbs 6:27
• Proverbs 20:16
• Proverbs 25:20
• Proverbs 27:13
• Ecclesiastes 9:8
• Isaiah 24:16
• Isaiah 36:22
• Isaiah 37:1
• Isaiah 50:9 (10 times)
• Jeremiah 12:1 (3 times)
• Ezekiel 16:16 (13 times)
• Joel 2:13
• Amos 2:8
• Haggai 2:12
• Zechariah 3:3, 4, 5
• Zechariah 14:14
• מְלֹא בִּגְדוֹ his lapful 2 Kings 4:39

2. Covering, wrapping

• of furniture of tabernacle Numbers 4:6-13 (6 times)
• coverlet of a bed 1 Samuel 19:13

¹ A. Dillmann

² Gesenius' Lehrgebäude §94

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0899b:

No stats available

חפש חֹפֶשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חפש

Chôphesh

Definition

something spread loosely, i.e. a carpet

Root

from H2666 (חפש);

Exhaustive

from חפש; something spread loosely, i.e. a carpet; precious.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2667

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֹפֶשׁ

noun masculine • Root חפש • Strongs / High • Page 514

1. A spreading out, a couch; the grave. 2. A cover, a cushion, an outspread covering for riding.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֹפֶשׁ

m. verbal • Root חפש • Page 242

a spreading, stratio. Once Ezek. 27:20 tapestry for riding, tapetes stratae ad vehendum.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2667

I. חֹ֫פֶשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 1) noun masculine — garments for riding; — very dubious.

— חֹ֫פֶשׁ; only in phrase בִּגְדֵי־חֹ֫פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּה Ezekiel 27:20.

1. Meanings and Uses

• wide-spread (?) garments for riding, i.e. saddle-cloths, according to Thes¹, Sm², Co³, Da⁴ and others; but meaning spread for √ purely conjectural; Gr⁵ suggests, plausibly, חֵ֫פֶץ (q.v.).

¹ Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae veteris testamenti (1829-58).

² Rudolf Smend, Der Prophet Ezechiel (1880).

³ Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁴ Andrew Bruce Davidson, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1892).

⁵ Heinrich Graetz.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2667:

No stats available

לרכבה לְרִכְבָּה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רכבה

rikbâh

Definition

a chariot (collectively)

Root

feminine of H7393 (רכב);

Exhaustive

feminine of רכב; a chariot (collectively); chariots.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7396

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רִכְבָּה

noun feminine • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 1338

A riding, perhaps a chariot (fem.).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7396

I. רִכְבָּה noun feminine — act of riding.

— לְרִכְבָּה Ezekiel 27:20.

Preposition, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7396:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Dedan thy merchant, garments of spreading out for the chariot.

LITV Translation:
Dedan was your merchant in loose cloths for riding.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The people of Dedan were thy merchants, with choice cattle for chariots.