Ezekiel 24:17

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

האנק׀ הֵאָנֵק׀

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אנק

ʼânaq

Definition

to shriek

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to shriek; cry, groan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H602

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָנַק

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 164

(Not used) Intransitive to be narrow, strait, pressed.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָנַק

verb • Page 62

to groan, cry out from pain, spoken of a wounded person. Once Ezek. 26: 15. Niph. pass. Only Ezek. 9: 4. 24: 17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H602

[ אָנַק ] verb cry, groan

Cognates:

• Aramaic אֲנַק
• Syriac ܐܢܩ

Qal

Imperfect יֵאֲנֹק Jeremiah 51:52; Infinitive construct אֲנֹק Ezekiel 26:15, both of groaning of wounded (חָלָל).

Niphal

idem (the same), in mourning, lamentation; Infinitive construct הֵאָנֵק Ezekiel 24:17 (parallel to עָשָׂה אֵבֶל); Participle נֵאֲנָקִים Ezekiel 9:4 (parallel to נֵאֲנָחִים followed by עַל).

¹ The square brackets [] around the headword indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed).

Verb Niphal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0602:

No stats available

דם דֹּ֗ם

blood

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דמם

dâmam

Definition

to be dumb; by implication, to be astonished, to stop; also to perish

Root

a primitive root (compare H1724 (דהם), H1820 (דמה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare דהם, דמה); to be dumb; by implication, to be astonished, to stop; also to perish; cease, be cut down (off), forbear, hold peace, quiet self, rest, be silent, keep (put to) silence, be (stand) still, tarry, wait.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1826

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּמַם

verb • Root דמם • Strongs / High • Page 372

1. To be still, to be silent, to be struck dumb, to trust calmly, to look at in calmness, to be resigned, to stand still. 2. To cease, to be separated, isolated.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּמַם

verb • Page 169

1. to be silent, to hold one's peace (Lev. 10:3; Lam. 3:28; Ezek. 24:17; Job 29:21). 2. to be struck dumb, from amazement or pain (Ex. 15:16; Is. 23:2; Lam. 2:10). 3. to rest, to be quiet, to keep still (Ps. 4:5; 1 Sam. 14:9; Job 31:34; Lam. 2:18; Job 30:27). 4. to stand still (Josh. 10:12, 13). 5. to submit quietly to Jehovah (Ps. 37:7; 62:6).

דָּמַם

verb • Root דמה • Page 170

To destroy, lay waste. In Kal not used. Niph. נָדַם (Jer. 25:37) to be destroyed, to perish (1 Sam. 2:9, Jer. 49:26). Hiph. הֵדַם to destroy (Jer. 8:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1826

I. דָּמַם verb — be or grow dumb, silent, still.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew דָּמַם idem
• Ethiopic ደምመ (stupefy, be astounded)
• Assyrian damâmu (groan, wail)

— דָּמַם Qal Perfect דַּ֫מּוּ Job 30:27, דָּ֑מּוּ Psalm 35:15; Imperfect יִדֹּם Amos 5:13 (2 times), וַיִּדֹּם Leviticus 10:3; Joshua 10:13; 3 feminine singular תִּדֹּם Lamentations 2:18; 2 feminine singular תִּדֹּמִּי Jeremiah 48:2 (so König¹; others Niph`al); וָאֶדֹּם Job 31:34; יִדְּמוּ Exodus 15:16 (3 times); 1 plural cohortative נִדְּמָה Jeremiah 8:14 (so Gesenius' Thesaurus<sup>2</sup>; others Niph`al).

1. be silent

• Psalm 4:5
• Psalm 30:13
• Psalm 35:15
• Ezekiel 24:17
• Leviticus 10:3 (Priests' Code)
• Amos 5:13
• In grief: Lamentations 2:10; Lamentations 3:28

2. be still (opposed to speech and motion)

• Job 31:34
• As perish: Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 48:2; Psalm 31:18 (+ לִשְׁאוֹל)
• With לְ (be resigned to): Psalm 37:7; Psalm 62:6; Job 29:21
• Motionless, stand still: Joshua 10:12–13 (of sun); 1 Samuel 14:9 (men); Jeremiah 47:6 (of sword)
• Of bowels, as seat of excitement: Job 30:27
• Of eyes, i.e. cease not to weep: Lamentations 2:18 (+ אַל־תִּדֹּם בַּת־עֵינֵךְ)

3. be struck dumb, astounded

In amazement and fear:

• Exodus 15:16 (+ כָּאֶבֶן)
• Isaiah 23:2 (but compare II. דמם)

Niph`al Perfect 3 plural וְנָדַמּוּ consecutive Jeremiah 25:37; Imperfect יִדַּמּוּ Jeremiah 49:26; Jeremiah 50:30, יִדָּ֑מּוּ 1 Samuel 2:9; 2 masculine plural תִּדַּמּוּ Jeremiah 51:6 — be made silent, i.e. destroyed.

• The wicked: 1 Samuel 2:9 (+ בַּחֹשֶׁךְ)
• Men of war: Jeremiah 49:26; Jeremiah 50:30
• Dwellings: Jeremiah 25:37

Po. Perfect 1 singular שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Psalm 131:2 composed and quieted my soul.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix הֲדִמָּנוּ Jeremiah 8:14 he (God) hath silenced us (= caused to perish).

II. דָּמַם verb — wail (compare Assyrian damâmu, groan, wail).

Only Qal Imperative דֹּ֫מּוּ יֹשְׁבֵי אִי Isaiah 23:2 wail, ye coast dwellers, parallel הֵילִילוּ Isaiah 23:1, 6; most, however, assign to I. דמם.

¹ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris testamenti (1835).

³ Priests' Code (Priestly Source).

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: σιωπήσεται ἐσιώπησαν ὑποτάγηθι παύσεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1826a:

σιωπήσεται 3× (9.3%)

ἐσιώπησαν 2× (6.5%)

ὑποτάγηθι 2× (6.5%)

παύσεται 2× (6.0%)

מתים מֵתִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מות

mûwth

Definition

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill; [idiom] at all, [idiom] crying, (be) dead (body, man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to, be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), [idiom] must needs, slay, [idiom] surely, [idiom] very suddenly, [idiom] in (no) wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4191

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּת

verb • Root מות • Strongs / High • Page 829

(Qal) To be stretched, extended, or stiffen, as the limbs of an expiring body; hence to die, of men or animals. Metaphorically, to decay, be waste, be destroyed, or disappear.

מוּת

verb • Root מות • Strongs / High • Page 830

A verb root meaning to die, to expire. The lexicon provides extensive etymological background, connecting it to Arabic, Greek, Sanskrit, and other languages.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוּת

verb • Page 365

1. to die (1 Sam. 25: 37; Gen. 45: 27). 2. to perish, be destroyed; spoken of a state (Am. 2: 2), or to become wretched (Prov. 15: 10). Pil. and Hiph. to kill, slay (1 Sam. 14: 13). Hoph. to be killed (Deut. 21: 22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4191

I. מוּת (approximate number of occurrences: 835) verb — die.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian mâtu¹
• Arabic مات
• Ethiopic ሞተ
• Aramaic מוּת, מִית
• Nabataean מות²
• Zinjirli מת³

— מֵת 3 masculine singular absolute Genesis 42:38 +; מֵ֫תָה 3 feminine singular Genesis 35:18 +; מַתֶּה 2 masculine singular Ezekiel 28:8; וָמַ֑תִּי 1 singular Genesis 19:19; מֵ֫תוּ 3 masculine plural Genesis 7:22 +; מַתְנוּ 1 plural Numbers 14:2, 2 Kings 7:4; יָמוּת imperfect Genesis 38:11 +; וַיָּ֫מָת imperfect Genesis 11:28 +; מֻת imperative Deuteronomy 32:50; מוֺת infinitive absolute Genesis 2:17 +; מוּת construct Genesis 25:32; מֵת participle Genesis 20:3 +; מֵתִים plural Exodus 12:33 +.

1. Qal: Die, of natural or other causes

a. Of man

• וַיִּגְוִע וַיָּמָת and he expired and died Genesis 25:8, Genesis 25:17, Genesis 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• וַיָּמָת וַיִּקָּבֵר Judges 10:2, 5, Judges 8:32, 2 Samuel 17:23
• Succession formula: וימלך תַּחְתָּיו וימת Genesis 36:33–39 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 10:1, 2 Kings 1:17
• In good old age: וימת בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֺבָה 1 Chronicles 29:28
• By violence or disaster: הכה (smiting) Exodus 21:18 (Elohist Source); במלחמה (war) Deuteronomy 20:5; בַּחֶרֶב (sword) Jeremiah 11:22; ברעב (famine) Jeremiah 11:22; בְּדֶבֶר (pestilence) Jeremiah 21:6; בַּמַּגֵּפָה (plague) Numbers 14:37
• figurative of wisdom: תָּמוּת חָכְמָה עִמָּכֶם Job 12:2; of courage: וַיָּמָת לִבּוֺ בְּקִרְבּוֺ 1 Samuel 25:37

b. Of animals

• Leviticus 11:39; Genesis 33:13 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 7:18 (Elohist Source)
• Proverbial dead dog: כֶּלֶב מֵת 1 Samuel 24:14, 2 Samuel 9:8, 2 Samuel 16:9

c. Other

• Of a tree: Job 14:8
• Of idols: זִבְחֵי מֵתִים sacrifices to the dead Psalm 106:28

2. Qal: Die as a penalty (be put to death)

a. By human authority

• Genesis 42:20, Exodus 21:14, Deuteronomy 17:6
• Phrase מוֺת יָּמּוּת shall surely be put to death (capital punishment): 1 Samuel 14:39, 1 Samuel 22:16, 1 Kings 2:37, Jeremiah 26:8
• Legal codes (violent death): מוֺת יוּמַת Exodus 21:12, Leviticus 20:2, Numbers 15:35

b. Inflicted by God

• Genesis 38:7, Exodus 28:35, Leviticus 10:2, 2 Samuel 6:7
• For sin/guilt: בחטא Leviticus 22:9, Numbers 27:3; במעל 1 Chronicles 10:13
• Of a nation: Moab Amos 2:2, Ephraim Hosea 13:1
• Prematurely (for lack of wisdom): Proverbs 5:23, Proverbs 10:21, Ecclesiastes 7:17

3. Po‘lel: Kill, put to death, despatch

— מֹתַתִּי perfect 2 Samuel 1:16; יְמֹתְתֵהוּ imperfect 1 Samuel 17:51; מוֺתְתֵנִי imperative Judges 9:54; מְמוֺתֵת participle 1 Samuel 14:13.

• Intensive: 1 Samuel 17:51, 2 Samuel 1:9, Psalm 34:21

4. Hiph‘il: Kill, put to death

— הֵמִית perfect Judges 16:30 +; וַיָּ֫מֶת imperfect Genesis 38:10 +; הָמֵת infinitive absolute 2 Kings 11:15; מֵמִית participle 1 Samuel 2:6.

• Subject man: In war Joshua 10:26; by authority Exodus 1:16, 2 Kings 14:6
• Subject God: Deuteronomy 32:39, Genesis 38:7, 1 Samuel 2:6
• Executioners (angels of death): מְמִיתִים Job 33:22

5. Hoph‘al: Be killed, put to death

— הוּמָ֑ת perfect 2 Kings 11:2; יוּמַת imperfect Leviticus 20:10; מוּמָת participle 1 Samuel 19:11.

• By conspiracy: 2 Kings 11:2, 8
• By capital punishment: Exodus 21:29, Leviticus 24:16, Deuteronomy 24:16

Aramaic

I. מוֺת noun masculine — death (Biblical Hebrew מָ֫וֶת).

• absolute Ezra 7:26

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB), 395.

² Julius Euting, Nabatäische Inschriften aus Arabien (1885), 14, 6.

³ D.H. Müller, Sendschirli Glossary.

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀπέθανεν θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖται ἀποθάνῃ ἀποθανοῦνται

LXX Usage Statistics

H4191:

ἀπέθανεν 120× (13.8%)

θανάτῳ 54× (6.7%)

ἀποθανεῖται 48× (6.0%)

ἀποθάνῃ 35× (4.2%)

ἀποθανοῦνται 23× (2.9%)

θανατῶσαι 22× (2.6%)

τέθνηκεν 21× (2.6%)

ἐθανάτωσεν 20× (2.3%)

ἀποθανῇ 18× (2.3%)

ἐτελεύτησεν 15× (1.7%)

אבל אֵבֶל

a mourner

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אבל

ʼêbel

Definition

lamentation

Root

from H56 (אבל);

Exhaustive

from אבל; lamentation; mourning.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H60

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵבֶל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

Mourning; howling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָבֶל

m. verbal • Root אבל • Page 21

mourning, lamentation. Especially for a person deceased. Refs: Est. 4:3; 9:22; Gen. 27:41; Am. 8:10; Jer. 6:26; Gen. 50:10; Mic. 1:8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H60

I. אָבֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 17) noun masculine Genesis 50:11 — mourning.

— אָבֶל absolute Genesis 50:10 (17 times); construct Genesis 27:41 (3 times); אֵבֶלְךָ Isaiah 60:20; אֵבֶלָם Jeremiah 31:13.

1. Forms and Grammatical Usage

• Absolute: אָבֶל — Genesis 50:10 (17 times)
• Construct: אֵבֶל — Genesis 27:41 (3 times); Deuteronomy 34:8 (parallel to בְּכִי weeping)
• With suffixes:
  • אֵבֶלְךָ — Isaiah 60:20
  • אֵבֶלָם — Jeremiah 31:13

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Mourning for the dead

• Genesis 27:41; Deuteronomy 34:8 (parallel to בְּכִי weeping)
• Simile for grievous mourning: יָחִיד אָבֶל Amos 8:10
• Metaphor: Jeremiah 6:26 (parallel to מִסְמַד תַּמְרוּרִים destruction of bitter things)
• Genesis 50:11 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 16:7 (compare 2 Samuel 19:3 עֲשִׂיָה אָבֶל making mourning)
• Ezekiel 24:17¹ (followed by לְ to); see also Genesis 50:10

b. Mourning for calamity

• Esther 4:3; Esther 9:22 (parallel to יָגוֹן grief; contracted יוֹם טוֹב good day)
• Job 30:31 (parallel to קוֹל בְּכִיִּים voice of weepers)
• Isaiah 60:20; Isaiah 61:3² (apparently = mourning garb, followed by מַעֲטֶה תְּהִלָּה robe of praise; parallel to רוּחַ כֵּהָה faint spirit; contracted שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן oil of joy)
• Jeremiah 31:13 (parallel to שָׂשׂוֹן joy); Lamentations 5:15 (parallel to מָחוֹל dancing); Amos 5:16 (parallel to מִסְמַד destruction)
• Compare כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה אָבֶל Micah 1:8

c. Time or period of mourning

• 2 Samuel 11:27

d. Garments of mourning

• בִּגְדֵי אָבֶל 2 Samuel 14:2
• בֵּית אָבֶל Ecclesiastes 7:2 (parallel to בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה house of feasting); Ecclesiastes 7:4 (parallel to שִׂמְחָה בֵּית joy in the house)

II. אָבֶל מִצְרַיִם see אָבֶל מ below II. אָבֶל.

¹ C. H. Cornill (Cornill).

² G. Bickell (Bickell); T. K. Cheyne (Cheyne) on the text.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0060:

No stats available

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תעשה תַעֲשׂה

she/yourself is making

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

פארך פְאֵרְךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פאר

pᵉʼêr

Definition

an embellishment, i.e. fancy head-dress

Root

from H6286 (פאר);

Exhaustive

from פאר; an embellishment, i.e. fancy head-dress; beauty, bonnet, goodly, ornament, tire.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6287

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פְּאֵר

noun m. • Root פאר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1152

ornament, dress, specially a tire, as part of female dress, a head-dress, a sign of joy, the ornament of a bridegroom (crown or chaplet); hence applied to the turban-like crown of priests.

Matched via consonantal key only

פֵּאֵר

verb • Root פאר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1152

(Piel of פאר II) to glorify, to impart splendour to, especially to the temple or to a people.

Matched via consonantal key only

פָּאַר

verb • Root פאר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1152

I. (Kal unused) tr. to hollow out (a vessel); to dig (a pit, the ground); to bore through; figuratively: to search out, to explain.

Matched via consonantal key only

פָּאַר

verb • Root פאר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1152

II. (Kal unused) intr. prop. to shine, to glitter, to lighten. Hence metaphorically: 1. to glow, to burn. 2. to be splendid, excellent, distinguished, renowned; to be beautiful, adorned, ornamented. 3. to bloom, to grow, to be green.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פְּאֵר

noun masculine • Root פאר • Page 535

A head-dress or turban. Worn by priests (Ex. 39:28), by the bridegroom (Is. 61:10), and by women (Is. 3:20). Mentioned in Ezek. 24:17, 23.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6287

I. מְּאֵר noun masculine^{Ezekiel 44:18} — head-dress, turban (? originally ornament).

— מְּאֵר absolute Isaiah 61:10; suffix מְּאֵרְךָ Ezekiel 24:17; plural suffix מְּאֵרֵכֶם Ezekiel 24:23; plural absolute מְּאֵרִים Isaiah 3:20.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Head-dress of bridegroom

• Isaiah 61:10
• Isaiah 61:3 (as a sign of joy, opposed to mourning)

b. Worn by men of position

• מְּאֵרְךָ Ezekiel 24:17
• מְּאֵרֵכֶם Ezekiel 24:23

c. Of priests

• מַּאֲרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Ezekiel 44:18
• מִגְבָּעֹת הַשֵּׁשׁ הַפְּאֵרִים Exodus 39:28 (Priests' Code¹)

d. Of luxurious women

• מְּאֵרִים Isaiah 3:20

¹ Priests' Code (Priestly Source).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: μίτραν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6287:

μίτραν 2× (30.1%)

חבוש חֲבוֹשׁ

of him who is fastened

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חבש

châbash

Definition

to wrap firmly (especially a turban, compress, or saddle); figuratively, to stop, to rule

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to wrap firmly (especially a turban, compress, or saddle); figuratively, to stop, to rule; bind (up), gird about, govern, healer, put, saddle, wrap about.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2280

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָבַשׁ

verb • Root חבש • Strongs / High • Page 455

1. to bind around, wrap round, envelop. 2. to bind a ligature, bind up a breach. 3. to saddle. 4. to enclose, to shut up. 5. to tame, to hold with a bridle, to rule.

חָבַשׁ

verb • Root חבש • Strongs / High • Page 456

Piel: 1. to bind fast, wounds; in a spiritual sense. 2. to stop, to restrain. Pual (חֻבַּשׁ): to be bound up, of a wound.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִבֵּשׁ

pi. • Root חבש • Page 213

1. To bind up (Ps. 147:3). 2. To bind, stop, restrain; e.g., stopping streams in a mine (Job 28:11).

חָבַשׁ

verb • Root חבש • Page 213

1. To bind, bind on (Ezek. 27:24). 2. To bind up a wound (Job 5:18). 3. To saddle (Gen. 22:3). 4. To bind up, close, cover (Job 40:13). 5. To exercise power, rule (Job 34:17).

חֻבַּשׁ

pu. • Root חבש • Page 213

To be bound up. (Is. 1:6; Ezek. 30:21).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2280

I. חָבַשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 28) verb — bind, bind on, bind up.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian abâšu (according to Friedrich Delitzsch¹)
• Arabic حبس confine, restrict
• Assyrian ibšu headband (with ח)
• Aramaic חבשׁ; compare חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment

— חָבַשׁ Qal Perfect 2masculine singular וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Exodus 29:9; 2masculine plural חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ezekiel 34:4; Imperfect יַחֲבוֺשׁ Job 34:17; וַיַּחֲבשׁ Genesis 22:3 (4 times); וַיַּחֲבָשֿׁ 1 Kings 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Job 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Hosea 6:1; 3feminine singular וַתַחֲבשׁ 2 Kings 4:24; אֶחֱבשׁ Ezekiel 34:16; cohortative אֶחְבְּשָׁהֿ 2 Samuel 19:27; וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ezekiel 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוֿ 1 Kings 13:13; וַיַּחֲב֑שׁו 1 Kings 13:27; Imperative חֲבשׁ Job 40:13; חֲבוֺשׁ Ezekiel 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ 1 Kings 13:13, 27; Infinitive construct חֲבשׁ Isaiah 30:26, Isaiah 61:1; לְחָבְּשָׁהּ Ezekiel 30:21 (compare Septuagint³). Participle active חֹבֵשׁ Isaiah 3:7; passive חָבוּשׁ Jonah 2:6; plural חֲבוּשִׁים Judges 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים 2 Samuel 16:1, Ezekiel 27:24.

1. bind, bind on

a. headgear

• Exodus 29:9; Leviticus 8:13 (Priests' Code)
• Ezekiel 24:17 (Priests' Code)
• סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְראֹשִׁי Jonah 2:6 (passive, of seaweeds)
• Ezekiel 16:10 (metaphor of care for Jerusalem; "" אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ)
• Job 40:13 figurative of punishment for wicked ("" טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר)

b. twisted or twined cords

• חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Ezekiel 27:24

c. of equipping a beast for riding

• Genesis 22:3; Numbers 22:21 (Elohist Source)
• 2 Samuel 17:23; 2 Samuel 19:27 (read לוֺ חָבְשָׁהלִּֿי with Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate)
• 1 Kings 2:40; 1 Kings 13:13, 23, 27
• 2 Kings 4:24
• Judges 19:10; 2 Samuel 16:1 (passive, of asses)

d. restrain or control

• Job 34:17 figurative (absolute)

2. bind up (a wound)

Namely a wound, usually in figure of comforting the distressed:

• Hosea 6:1 ("" רָפָא)
• Isaiah 61:1 (to bind up the brokenhearted)
• Ezekiel 34:4, 16 ("" חַזֵּק)
• Isaiah 30:26 (of Jehovah binding the breach of his people)
• Ezekiel 30:21 (of Pharaoh's broken arm)
• Job 5:18; Isaiah 3:7 (repairing fortunes)

3. Other Stems

Pi`el

• Perfect חִבֵּשׁ Job 28:11 (bind or restrain)
• Participle מְחַבֵּשׁ Psalm 147:3 (bind up their sorrows)

Pu`al

• Perfect חֻבְּשָׁה Ezekiel 30:21 (be bound up)
• חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Isaiah 1:6 (of wounds)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Zehnpfund in Beiträge zur Assyriologie (BAS).

³ Septuagint (LXX).

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέσαξεν ἐπισεσαγμένων ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2280:

ἐπέσαξεν 5× (14.1%)

ἐπισεσαγμένων 2× (6.2%)

'' 2× (5.3%)

עליך עָליךָ

upon yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ונעליך וּנְעָלֶיךָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעל

naʻal

Definition

properly, a sandal tongue; by extension a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something valueless)

Root

or (feminine) נעלה; from H5274 (נעל);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) נעלה; from נעל; properly, a sandal tongue; by extension a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something valueless); dryshod, (pair of) shoe((-latchet), -s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5275

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַ֫עַל

noun / feminine • Root נעל • Consonantal / Low • Page 977

A covering, clothing of the foot, a shoe.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָעַל

verb • Root נעל • Consonantal / Low • Page 976

transitive. to bolt, to bar.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָעַל

verb • Root נעל • Consonantal / Low • Page 977

To lock up. Fundamentally, to fetter, bind, attach.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָעַל

verb • Root נעל • Consonantal / Low • Page 977

Denominative verb meaning to shoe, with the accusative.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נַעַל

f. verbal • Root נעל • Page 447

Shoe, sandal. Gen. 14:23. Ps. 60:10. Figuratively for something small or trifling. Dual נַעֲלַיִם Am. 2:6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5275

I. נַעַל (approximate number of occurrences: 22) noun feminine (Joshua 9:5) — sandal, shoe.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic نعل id. (also horse-shoe, etc.)
• Syriac ܢܥܠܐ apparently only horse-shoe (rare; also NS)¹
• Ethiopic ንዐል (obsolete) wife of Levirate marriage²

— נַעַל absolute Genesis 14:23, נָעַל Deuteronomy 25:10; suffix נַעֲלִי Psalm 60:10, Psalm 108:10, נַעַלְךָ Joshua 5:15 etc.; dual נַעֲלַיִם Amos 2:6, Amos 8:6; plural נְעָילִם Isaiah 11:15, Songs 7:2, נְעָלוֹת Joshua 9:5; suffix נְעָלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5, Ezekiel 24:17, נְעָלָיו Isaiah 5:27, נְעָלֵינוּ Joshua 9:13, נַעֲלֵיכֶם Exodus 12:11, Ezekiel 24:23.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sandal as a common object

• Judges 9:13, Amos 2:6, Amos 8:6 (dual = pair of sandals; mentioned as of little worth)
• Deuteronomy 29:4

b. Wearing sandals on the feet

• On (בְּ) feet: Joshua 9:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 1 Kings 2:5; Ezekiel 24:23; Exodus 12:11 (Priests' Code)
• Compare פְּעָמַיִךְ בַּנְּעָלִים Songs 7:2; וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנּ׳ Isaiah 11:15

c. Actions of putting on or removing

• Put on sandal: שִׂים נ׳ בְּרֶגֶל Ezekiel 24:17
• Loose the sandal: חָלַץ Isaiah 20:2; Deuteronomy 25:9–10
• Remove sandal: שַׁל (Imperative) Exodus 3:5 (Elohist Source), Joshua 5:15 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); שָׁלַף Ruth 4:7, 8³

d. Sandal-thong

• שְׂרוֹךְ (+ נַעַל) Genesis 14:23; Isaiah 5:27

2. Figurative and symbolic use

עַל־אֱדוֹם אַשְׁלִיךְ נַעֲלִי Psalm 60:10 upon Edom do I cast my sandal = Psalm 108:10, denotes either contempt (Hupfeld; עַל = unto, figurative of slave), or taking possession of (Fleischer in Delitzsch, Cheyne, Baethgen), "" מוֹאָב סִיר רַחְצִי favors former. On symbolic use of sandal see further Goldziher and Jacob.⁴

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, 1879–1901 (PS).

² A. Dillmann, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae, 1865 (Di).

³ Richard Burton, The Land of Midian (revisited), ii. 197.

⁴ Goldziher, Abh. z. Arab. Philol. i. 47 f.; Jacob, Arab. Dicht. iv. 23.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ὑπόδημα ὑποδήματα ὑποδημάτων ὑποδήμασιν ὑπόδημά

LXX Usage Statistics

H5275:

ὑπόδημα 5× (25.1%)

ὑποδήματα 4× (16.5%)

ὑποδημάτων 3× (16.8%)

ὑποδήμασιν 2× (10.0%)

ὑπόδημά 2× (10.0%)

תשים תָּשִׂים

she/yourself is setting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שום

sûwm

Definition

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

Root

or שים; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שים; a primitive root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically); [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7760

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 755

to put, place

שׂוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1396

Transitive verb: 1. to set (like שִׂימָה), to plant trees, to erect a monument, to build a nest, to establish, to appoint. 2. to set forth/array (warriors, troops, ambush); to subjugate (put foot on neck).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1397

To set, put, place, lay, or appoint. Senses include: 1. To set up (a pillar, throne, or door), to erect (a tent), to hang up (a curtain), to establish (a law), to arrange, to appoint, to set upon (a thing), to thrust into (prison), to put into (a place), to lay upon, to stick, to found, to create, to cause to arise, to introduce (the seat of worship), to put between, to lay under/upon, to build (lay stone upon stone), to give/take into one's hand, to put words into one's mouth, to furnish with miraculous power, to read before one, to put or lay before. 2. To set upon (dress/ornaments), to lay upon, to afflict with, to impute, to give a name, to set a thing before one's eyes (take a resolution), to put or lay down (a pledge), to commit a cause, to explain the sense, to cherish wrath (against God), to lay to heart (take heed), to take heed to the walk, to throw into, to pour out/shed. 3. To put to, add, to make (with accusative of place). 4. To direct, to turn, to direct the eye upon, to set the face upon, to have a design for, to set the mind upon, to attend to, to consider, to make (into a thing), to turn into nothing, to make as or like, to produce/prepare, to do (when God does this).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1398

II. Intransitive verb. Properly: to be veiled; hence to be obscured, darkened; metaphorically: to be impotent, weak, or to be on the left side (regarded as the weak or obscured side).

שׂוּם

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1449

hurtful. Ar. סֻמّ trans. to poison, a poisonous wind. Deriv. שְׁמִימִית (a species of poisonous lizard).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Page 635

Or שִׂים. 1. To set, place, put (e.g., to arrange an army, Job 1:17; Josh. 8:2). 2. To ordain, establish (Gen. 47:26; Ex. 21:13). 3. To appoint (Hos. 2:2; 1 Sam. 8:1).

שׂוּם

verb • Root נתן • Page 636

Continuation of entry from previous page. 4. to lay upon a person (Ex. 5:8, 22:24). Also to impute or charge to a person (Deut. 22:14). 5. to put on a garment (Ruth 3:3). 6. to place (a surety) (Job 17:3). 7. to give a name to a person (Dan. 1:7). 8. to put one's name in a place, i. e. to fix his dwelling there (Deut. 12:5). 9. to beget children (Ezra 10:44). 10. to instruct a person (Ex. 17:14). 11. to attend, consider, anim-mum advertere (Is. 41:22). 12. to lay to heart (Is. 57:1). 13. also to purpose, resolve (Dan. 1:8). 14. to direct one's face (see under פנים). 15. to direct one's eye to any one (see עין). 16. to heap up (Job 36:13). 2. to make, i. q. נָתַן (Gen. 4:15). 3. to give e. g. honour (Josh. 7:19), peace (Num. 6:26). Hiph. i. q. Kal, found only in the imper. Ezek. 21:21. Hoph. only Gen. 24:33 Keri.

שׂוּם

verb • Page 636

to set, put, place. Particularly (1.) to appoint (Ezra 5:14). (2.) to issue an edict (Dan. 3:10). (3.) to regard (Dan. 3:15). (4.) to be concerned for a person (Dan. 6:13). (5.) to name a person (Dan. 5:12).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7760

I. שׂוּם, שִׂים (approximate number of occurrences: 582) verb — put, place, set.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew סוּס
• Phoenician שם
• Assyrian šâmu
• Sabean שׂים
• Arabic شام
• Ethiopic ሠየመ
• Aramaic שׂוּם, שים

— שָׂם absolute Genesis 21:14 +; construct שׂוּם Deuteronomy 45:7; suffix שָׂמוֺ Ezekiel 17:4 +; plural שָׂמוּ Genesis 40:15 + etc.

1. Put or set in a place

a. General use in a location

• Genesis 2:8 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 28:11 (Elohist Source)
• 2 Kings 10:8 (heads in heaps)
• Leviticus 24:6

b. Put something upon or into

• Genesis 31:34 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 2:3 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 37:34 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Kings 20:31
• Zechariah 6:11 (crown on head)
• Exodus 4:15 (words in mouth)
• Judges 12:3 (figurative of risking life)

c. Set with specific prepositions (ל or לִפְנֵי)

• 2 Kings 11:16 (lay hands on)
• Job 18:2; Job 28:3 (put end to)
• Genesis 43:32 (set food)
• Exodus 19:7; Exodus 21:1 (set laws before)

d. Put between, under, or together

• Joshua 24:7 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 24:2–9 (hand under thigh)
• Micah 2:12 (put together/collect)

2. Set or direct

a. Directing a weapon or compassion

• Judges 7:22 (sword against)
• Isaiah 47:6 (compassion)

b. Direct the mind or heart (pay attention)

• 1 Samuel 9:20
• Exodus 9:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Job 1:8; Job 2:3
• Haggai 1:5, 7

c. Set the face or eyes

• Genesis 31:21 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 42:15–17
• Ezekiel 6:2
• Genesis 44:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Amos 9:4 (eyes for evil)

3. Ordain, establish, or appoint

a. Establish laws or statutes

• Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source)
• Psalm 78:5; Psalm 81:6
• Genesis 47:26 (Jehovist Source)

b. Appoint officials or rulers

• Exodus 1:11; Exodus 5:14 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 17:14–15
• Genesis 45:8–9
• 1 Samuel 8:5

4. Station or set up

a. Station at a post

• Joshua 8:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• 2 Kings 10:24

b. Set up altars, stones, or images

• Genesis 28:22 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 18:31
• 1 Kings 12:29
• Jeremiah 31:21 (guide-posts)

5. Make or transform

a. Make a thing into another (transform)

• Joshua 6:18 (Jehovist Source)
• Micah 1:6
• Exodus 14:21 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Isaiah 25:2

b. Constitute or form

• 1 Samuel 11:11 (form in bands)
• Job 1:17
• 2 Kings 17:34 (naming/setting name)

Hiph`il — וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezekiel 14:8 (I will make him for a sign); הָשׂימִי Ezekiel 21:21.

Hoph`al — וַּיּוּשׂם Genesis 24:33 (it was set before him); וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 50:26 (he was laid in a coffin).

שׂוּםָה noun feminine — token of unluckiness, scowl. 2 Samuel 13:32.

Aramaic

I. שׂוּם, שִׂים verb — set, make.

1. Pe`al make, appoint
   • שָׂם טְעֵם (make a decree) Daniel 3:10, Ezra 5:13
   • suffix שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14 (appointed to office)
   • בָּל שָׂם (set mind/attention) Daniel 6:15
2. Pe`il be made, be set
   • שִׂים טְעֵם (decree is made) Ezra 4:19, Daniel 3:29
   • שֻׂמַת Daniel 6:18 (stone was set)
3. Hithpe`el be made, be set
   • יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:24
   • יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 (be made into)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xxxvii (1883), 532.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Elohist Source.

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative Source.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔθετο ἔθηκεν θήσομαι ἐπέθηκεν θήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H7760a:

ἔθετο 40× (6.2%)

ἔθηκεν 26× (3.9%)

θήσομαι 23× (3.5%)

ἐπέθηκεν 22× (3.2%)

θήσω 21× (3.1%)

'' 13× (1.9%)

ἔθεντο 11× (1.7%)

ἔθου 10× (1.7%)

ἐτέθη 9× (1.5%)

ποιήσω 9× (1.5%)

ברגליך בְּרַגְלֶיךָ

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רגל

regel

Definition

a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

Root

from H7270 (רגל);

Exhaustive

from רגל; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda; [idiom] be able to endure, [idiom] according as, [idiom] after, [idiom] coming, [idiom] follow, (broken-)foot(-ed, -stool), [idiom] great toe, [idiom] haunt, [idiom] journey, leg, [phrase] piss, [phrase] possession, time.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7272

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶגֶל

noun • Root רגל • Strongs / High • Page 1319

common, the foot (dual רַגְלַיִם); sole of the foot (כַּף רֶגֶל); toe (אֶצְבַּע רֶגֶל); euphemistically urine; standing- or dwelling-place; metaphor. step, journey, march, tread, track, guidance; plur. רַגְלַיִם also means steps or times; modern Hebrew, pilgrimage to a festival.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֶגֶל

com. gen. noun • Page 607

1. the foot. Is. 1: 6. 3: 16. Also metonymically at the foot or in the track of any one. 2. metaphorically a step, pace. Gen. 33: 14. Plur. רְגָלִים times, Lat. vices, Lev. 11: 23, 42.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7272

I. רֶ֫גֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 247) noun feminine (on masculine suffix Song of Solomon 5:3) — foot.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic رِجْل
• Aramaic רַגְלָא
• Palmyrene רגלה
• Zinjirli לגרי
• Mandean ליגרא
• Ethiopic vehicle

— רֶ֫גֶל absolute Exodus 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל Exodus 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Numbers 22:25 +; suffix רַגְלִי Genesis 30:30 +; dual רַגְלַ֫יִם 1 Samuel 28:3 +, רַנְלָ֑יִם 2 Samuel 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Genesis 24:32 +; suffix רַגְלַי Numbers 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5 +; plural רְגָלִים Exodus 23:14 +.

1. Foot

a. Human foot

• Washing feet: Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2 (+ רחץ)
• In figure: Deuteronomy 32:35; 1 Samuel 2:9; Job 12:5
• רֶ֫גֶל נַּאֲוָה (foot of pride): Psalm 36:12
• כַּף רֶ֫גֶל (sole of foot): Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 11:24; Isaiah 1:6 (מִכַּף רֶ֫גֶל וְעַד רֹאשׁ)
• Parts of the foot: אֶצְבְּעוֹת רֶ֫גֶל (toes) 2 Samuel 21:20; בֹּהֶן רֶ֫גֶל (great toe) Judges 1:6; שָׁרְשֵׁי רֶ֫גֶל Job 13:27
• As leg: 1 Samuel 17:6 (note feminine)

b. Anthropomorphism of God

• Exodus 24:10; 2 Samuel 22:10; Nahum 1:3
• הֲדֹם רַגְלָיו (his footstool): Isaiah 66:1; Lamentations 2:1; 1 Chronicles 28:2; Psalm 99:5

c. Of celestial beings and idols

• Seraphim: Isaiah 6:2
• Cherubim: Ezekiel 1:7; 2 Chronicles 3:13
• Idols: Psalm 115:7

d. Of animals

• Dove: Genesis 8:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Fowl/Insects: Leviticus 11:21, 23, 42
• Calf: Ezekiel 1:7
• Beast: Ezekiel 29:11; Job 39:15

e. Of furniture

• Table: Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:13 (Priestly Code)

f. Phrases and Idioms

• לְרֶ֫גֶל (according to the pace of): Genesis 33:14
• At one's guidance: Deuteronomy 33:8
• בְּרֶ֫גֶל (on foot): Numbers 20:19; Judges 4:15
• Following/Obeying: אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלָיו Exodus 11:8; Judges 4:10; 1 Kings 20:10
• נָשָׂא רַגְלָיו (set out): Genesis 29:1 (Elohist Source)
• יָרִים אֶת־רַגְלוֹ (do anything): Genesis 41:44 (Elohist Source)
• Euphemism: מֵסִיךְ אֶת־רַגְלָיו (relieve oneself) Judges 3:24; 1 Samuel 24:3
• שַׂעַר הָרַגְלַיִם (hair of private parts): Isaiah 7:20

2. Plural meaning times

In the phrase שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים (three times):

• Exodus 23:14 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 22:28, 32–33 (Jehovist Source)

¹ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Synt. § 14).

² Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW xvi, 1896, 76).

³ Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb 368).

⁴ Dillmann, Lexicon linguae Aethiopicae (Di 347).

⁵ Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik (Nö M 102).

Preposition, Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: πόδασ ποδῶν πόδεσ ποσὶν πόδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H7272:

πόδασ 61× (22.3%)

ποδῶν 39× (14.5%)

πόδεσ 22× (7.9%)

ποσὶν 20× (6.9%)

πόδα 19× (6.8%)

ποὺσ 12× (4.7%)

ποδὸσ 8× (3.0%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (2.2%)

--- 6× (2.6%)

ποσίν 5× (1.8%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תעטה תַעְטֶה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עטה

ʻâṭâh

Definition

to wrap, i.e. cover, veil, cloth, or roll

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to wrap, i.e. cover, veil, cloth, or roll; array self, be clad, (put a) cover (-ing, self), fill, put on, [idiom] surely, turn aside.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5844

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָטָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1077

I. (Only part. fem. עֹטִיָה) To march past, to march along, to go along.

עָטָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1077

II. To seize, to lay hold of, to hurt violently, to plunder, make a prey of it (as a shepherd takes his garment).

עָטָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1077

III. To cover, to wrap; fig. to be unwilling to speak from shame and vexation; hence a token of mourning; to put on a garment. (Includes Pu. and Hif. forms).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָטָה

verb • Page 501

I. to seize, to lay hold of. Is. 22:17. Construed with Arab. equivalent.

עָטָה

verb • Page 502

1. to cover, construed with עַל (Ps. 73:6). 2. to cover or clothe one's self, to put on a garment (Ps. 104:2, Jer. 43:12). Hiph. הֶעֱטָה to cover (Ps. 84:7, Ps. 89:46).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5844

I. עָטָה verb — wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself.

Cognates:

• Arabic غطى (cover, conceal)
• Aramaic עֲטָא (extinguish, destroy)
• Assyrian eṭû (be dark), eṭûtu (darkness)

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular וְעָטָה (consecutive) Jeremiah 43:12; 3 plural וְעָטוּ (consecutive) Micah 3:7; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעְטֶה Leviticus 13:45 (2 times), וַיַּעַט Isaiah 59:17; 2 masculine singular תַּעְטֶה Ezekiel 24:17; 3 masculine plural יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְטוּ) Psalm 71:13, Psalm 109:29; 2 masculine plural תַּעְטוּ Ezekiel 24:22; Participle active עֹטֶה 1 Samuel 28:14, Psalm 104:2; feminine singular עֹטְיָה Song of Solomon 1:7.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Wrap or envelop oneself with something

• וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל 1 Samuel 28:14 (an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe)
• יַעְטֶה הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֺ Jeremiah 43:12 (simile)
• וְעָטָה אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם Jeremiah 43:12 figurative (he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt)
• וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Isaiah 59:17 ("" לָבַשׁ)
• עֹטֶה־אוֺר כַּשַּׂלְמָה Psalm 104:2
• כְּבֶגֶד יַעְטֶה Psalm 109:19 (simile "" לָבַשׁ v. 18)
• וְיַעֲטוּ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם Psalm 109:29 ("" idem)
• יַעֲטוּ חֶרְפָּה וּכְלִמָּה Psalm 71:13

b. Covering specific parts (sign of mourning or shame)

• וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Micah 3:7 (they shall envelop themselves upon their beard; cover the beard¹)
• Ezekiel 24:17, 22
• Leviticus 13:45 (of leper; Priests' Code)
• עֹטְיָה Song of Solomon 1:7 as substantive (one wrapping a veil about her, i.e., a mourner; but read perhaps טֹעֲיָה wandering woman, see טעה)

— וַיַּעַט etc., see עיט; מְעֻטָּה etc., see also עיט.

— Hiph'il Perfect 2 masculine singular הֶעֲטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה Psalm 89:46 (of God: thou hast wrapped shame upon him); Imperfect 3 masculine singular בְּרָכוֺת יַעְטֶה מוֺרֶה Psalm 84:7 (early rain enwrappeth it with blessings; Septuagint δώσει as if from Arabic عطو give); read probably also יַעֲטֵנִי Isaiah 61:10 (for Masoretic יְעָטָ֑נִי, see יעט: with a robe of righteousness he envelopeth me).

II. [עָטָה] verb — grasp.

Cognates:

• Arabic عطو (take with hands)

— Qal Infinitive absolute + Participle active suffix וְעֹטְךָ עָטֹה Isaiah 22:17 he shall grasp thee forcibly (Gesenius, Ewald, Delitzsch; but others from I. עָטָה: he shall wrap, roll thee tight together).

¹ Benzinger, Archaeologie 165; Nowack, Archaeologie i. 195.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: περιβαλέσθωσαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5844a:

περιβαλέσθωσαν 2× (10.9%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

שפם שָׂפָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שפם

sâphâm

Definition

the beard (as a lippiece)

Root

from H8193 (שפה);

Exhaustive

from שפה; the beard (as a lippiece); beard, (upper) lip.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8222

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂפָם

noun masculine • Root שפם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1472

The beard; used in reference to covering the beard as a sign of mourning, or trimming the beard.

Matched via consonantal key only

שׁפם

verb • Root שפם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1472

To sprout, to grow, of the hair; applied especially to the beard.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפָם

noun proper masculine • Root שפם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1472

A proper name, meaning a youthful, vigorous one.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפָם

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1472

A locality in the east of Palestine at the north point, between Hazar-Enan, Riblah and Ain.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂפָם

m. dec. iv. • Page 643

a. the beard, perhaps the whole chin; comp. זָקָן 2 Sam. 19: 25. 'he had not trimmed his beard.' עָטָה עַל הַשָּׂפָם 'to cover the beard or chin,' as an expression of sorrow, Lev. 13: 45. Ezek. 24: 17, 22. Mic. 3: 7.

שְׁפָם

proper name • Root שפם • Page 696

proper name of a place in the eastern part of the tribe of Judah. Num. 34: 10, 11. Prob. i. q. שְׁפָמוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8222

I. שָׂפָם (approximate number of occurrences: 5) noun masculine — moustache.

Cognates:

• North Syriac rete (on meaning and form see Thes¹ Ol² Kö³)

— שָׂפָם absolute Micah 3:7 +; suffix שְׂפָמוֹ 2 Samuel 19:25.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Trim the moustache

• עָשָׂה שָׂפָם 2 Samuel 19:25 (LXX μύστάξ) i.e. trim it

b. Cover the moustache

(In sign of mourning or leprosy):

• עָטָה עַל־שָׂפָם Micah 3:7
• Ezekiel 24:17, 22
• Leviticus 13:45 (Priests' Code; see I. עָטָה 1)

שִׂמַּח see III. ספח.

מִשְׂפָּח see II. ספח.

שִׂפְמוֹת 1 Samuel 30:28 see שִׁפְמוֹת.

שָׂפַן see סָפַן.

I. שָׂפַק, שֶׂ֫פֶק see סָפַק.

¹ Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829–58).

² J. Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861), 408.

³ F. E. König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–97), ii. 73.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8222:

No stats available

ולחם וְלֶחֶם

and a loaf

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לחם

lechem

Definition

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

Root

from H3898 (לחם); See also H1036 (בית לעפרה)

Exhaustive

from לחם; See also בית לעפרה; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it); (shew-) bread, [idiom] eat, food, fruit, loaf, meat, victuals.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3899

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֶחֶם

common noun • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 782

Food for men or animals; hence applied to manna, sacrificial food, fruits of the earth, bread-corn, grain, wheat, sustenance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֶחֶם

noun masculine • Root לחם • Page 345

war, a besieging. Judg. 5:8. i. e. they besieged the gates.

לֶחֶם

noun masculine • Root לחם • Page 345

1. food. לֶחֶם אֱלֹהִים the food of God (Lev. 21:8). 2. bread. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים the shew-bread (Ex. 25:30).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3899

I. לֶ֫חֶם (approximate number of occurrences: 296) noun masculine^{1 Samuel 9:7} and (rarely) feminine^{Genesis 49:20} (see below, and Dr^{1 Samuel 10:4}) — bread, food.

Cognates:

• Phoenician לחם (bread)
• Late Hebrew לֶחֶם
• Aramaic לַחְמָא
• Arabic لحم (flesh, meat)

— לֶ֫חֶם absolute Genesis 3:19 +; לָחֶם Genesis 31:54 +; לֶ֑חֶם Psalm 14:4 (2 times); construct לֶחֶם Hosea 9:4 +; suffix לַחְמִי Job 3:24 +, לַחְמְךָ Obadiah 7 +, לַחְמָם Hosea 9:4, + etc.

1. Bread

a. Bread as ordinary food of early Hebrews

• Exodus 21:14 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 21:5
• Joshua 9:5–12 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 8:3
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)
• כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם loaf of bread 1 Samuel 2:36
• חַלַת לֶחֶם cake of bread 2 Samuel 6:19
• מַּת־לֶחֶם a bit of bread (hospitable meal) Genesis 18:5 (Jehovist Source)
• לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים bread of the Presence 1 Samuel 21:7; Exodus 25:30 (Priests' Code)
• מַטֵּה־לֶחֶם staff of bread Ezekiel 4:16; Leviticus 26:26 (Holiness Code)

b. Bread-corn (the material from which bread is made)

• Genesis 41:54–55 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 47:19 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 49:20 (J poem)
• Isaiah 28:28
• Psalm 104:14

2. Food in General

a. Of man

• 1 Samuel 14:24
• Proverbs 27:27 (of goat's milk)
• Psalm 136:25

b. Of animals

• Proverbs 6:8
• Job 24:5
• Psalm 147:9

c. Of God (in sacrifices)

• לֶחֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Leviticus 21:6; Leviticus 21:22 (Holiness Code)
• לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה Leviticus 3:11; Numbers 28:24 (Priests' Code)

3. Other Phrases and Figurative Uses

a. Descriptive phrases

• לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע bread of wickedness Proverbs 4:17
• לֶחֶם עַצְלוּת bread of idleness Proverbs 31:27
• לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים bread of mourners Ezekiel 24:17

b. Figurative uses

• figurative לַחְמֵנוּ הֵם they are our food (we will devour them) Numbers 14:9 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דִּמְעָתִּי לֶחֶם my tears are bread Psalm 42:4
• עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֺ Jeremiah 11:19 (probably read בְּלֵחוֺ in its freshness)

¹ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

² I. Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie.

³ W. Nowack, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Archäologie.

⁴ S. Fränkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἄρτον ἄρτουσ ἄρτων ἄρτου ἄρτοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3899:

ἄρτον 82× (26.8%)

ἄρτουσ 53× (16.5%)

ἄρτων 30× (9.0%)

ἄρτου 23× (7.7%)

ἄρτοι 16× (5.0%)

ἄρτοσ 15× (4.7%)

--- 15× (5.1%)

ἄρτοισ 9× (2.8%)

δῶρα 6× (1.8%)

τροφὴν 4× (1.3%)

אנשים אֲנָשׁים

mortal men

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אנוש

ʼĕnôwsh

Definition

a man in general (singly or collectively)

Root

from H605 (אנש); properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified H120 (אדם)); hence,

Exhaustive

from אנש; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified אדם); hence,; a man in general (singly or collectively); another, [idiom] (blood-) thirsty, certain, chap(-man); divers, fellow, [idiom] in the flower of their age, husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some ([idiom] of them), [phrase] stranger, those, [phrase] their trade. It is often unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in apposition with another word. Compare איש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H582

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 160

A poetical expression for man, collectively spoken of the human race; also denotes mortal, decaying man, or particularly low-minded, corrupt man.

אֱנוֹשׁ

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 161

Proper name of a grandson of Adam, a son of Seth; in the antediluvian tradition an original conception of the primitive man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱנוֹשׁ

m. prim. • Page 61

man, also collect. men. Found only poetically in Job, Isaiah, and the Psalms, except 2 Chr. 14:11. The prose expression is אָדָם.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H582

אֱנוֹשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 18 times in Job, 13 times in Psalms, etc.) noun masculine Job 15:14 — man, mankind, mostly in poetry.

Cognates:

• Arabic بِسْمِ (collective)
• Aramaic אֱנָשׁ
• Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎢𐎣𐎤 (collective)
• Nabataean אנוש
• Palmyrene אנש
• Sabean אנס (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 330)
• Arabic عبد
• Assyrian nišu, people, and compare tenišêtu, humanity, human race (see C. H. H. Wright, Commentary on the Book of Job, Glossary sub אֱנָשׁ and נָשׁ; Paul Haupt, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament, 2.497)

— אֱנוֹשׁ absolute Isaiah 8:1 +; construct Jeremiah 20:10.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of individual

• Job 5:17
• Job 13:9
• Psalm 55:14
• compare Isaiah 13:12 (parallel to אָדָם)
• Isaiah 56:2 (parallel to בֶּן־אָדָם)
• Jeremiah 20:10 שְׁלֹמִי אֱנוֹשׁ, man of my peace, i.e. my friend

b. Collective: men

• Isaiah 24:6
• Isaiah 33:8
• Isaiah 51:7
• Psalm 66:12
• = men in general; ordinary men Psalm 73:5
• compare חֶרֶט אֱנוֹשׁ, i.e. a common stylus Isaiah 8:1 (see אַמַּת אִישׁ Deuteronomy 3:11)

c. Man, mankind

• Deuteronomy 32:26
• Job 7:1
• Job 14:19
• Job 28:4
• Job 28:13
• Job 32:8
• Job 33:26
• Job 36:25 (parallel to אָדָם and אֲנָשִׁים)
• Psalm 56:2
• especially opposed to God Job 4:17 (parallel to גֶּכֶר)
• Job 7:17
• Job 9:2
• Job 10:4
• Job 10:5
• Job 15:14
• Job 25:4
• Job 33:12
• 2 Chronicles 14:10
• Psalm 8:5 (parallel to בֶּן־אָדָם)
• so Isaiah 51:12
• Psalm 9:20
• Psalm 9:21
• Psalm 90:3 (parallel to בְּנֵי אָדָם)
• Psalm 103:15
• בֶּן־אָדָם Psalm 144:3 (parallel to אָדָם)
• compare רִמָּה וּבֶן־אָדָם כִּי תּוֹלְעָה Job 25:6
• מִנָּה־אָרֶץ בֶּן־אָדָם Psalm 10:18
• בְּכָל־לֵבָב אֱנוֹשׁ Isaiah 13:7
• compare Psalm 104:15 (twice in verse)

I. אֱנָשׁ (root of following; compare Biblical Hebrew II. אֱנָשׁ, אֱנוֹשׁ).

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0582:

No stats available

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תאכל תֹאכֵל׃

she/you is eating

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Be silent to the sighing of blood, thou shalt not make mourning for the dead; bind thy head-dress upon thee, and thou shalt put thy shoes upon thy feet, and thou shalt not cover over the mustachios, and the bread of men thou shalt not eat.

LITV Translation:
Groan, but be silent; do not make a mourning for the dead. Bind your turban on you, and put your sandals on your feet, and do not cover the mustache nor eat the bread of men.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Thou shalt groan for blood, and have mourning upon thy loins; thy hair shall not be braided upon thee, and thy sandals shall be on thy feet; thou shalt in nowise be comforted by their lips, and thou shalt not eat the bread of men.