Ezekiel 24:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

דברתי דִּבַּרְתִּי

I have ordered words

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbar

Definition

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue; answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, [idiom] well, [idiom] work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1696

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דִּבֶּר

verb / piel stem • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To speak, in the widest usage; to speak what is spoken. It has many nuances depending on the preposition used, such as to reveal, promise, command, threaten, declare, or speak against/on behalf of someone.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

Snatching away, hence destruction, ruin, pestilence.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

m. / noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

An unused word for pasture, hence the proper name לֹא דְּבַר or לוֹ דְּבַר (Lo-debar), a place name.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pestilence, plague. Derived from the figurative sense of דָּבַר II (to destroy).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To range, to put together in a row, to set in order, to bind together, especially words, i.e. to speak. (This form, Kal, appears only in the participle).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. I. to speak (expressed in derived conjugations). Pi'el (דִּבֶּר): to speak. Puhal (דֻּבַּר): to be promised, to be wooed. Hithpa'el (הִדַּבֵּר): to talk with one another.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. II. (Kal not used) to drive, to lead, to guide. Figuratively: to snatch away, destroy. Pi'el (דִּבֵּר): to snatch away, to destroy. Hif'il (הִדְבִּיר): to drive, lead, subjugate.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. III. (not used) to be behind, to follow, to pursue.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. IV. (not used) transposed from דבק, meaning to stick, to pierce.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר , דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

1. pasture. 2. back, turning of the back, progress.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead, to guide).

Matched via consonantal key only

דְּבֵר

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

A reference to the proper name דְּבִיר (Debir).

Matched via consonantal key only

דַּבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

The speaker, i.e. the spirit of God which speaks out of the prophets.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1696

I. דָּבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 1142) verb — speak.

Cognates:

• Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away
• Arabic דבר follow behind, depart, perish
• Syriac דבר lead, guide
• Aramaic דְּבַר lead, guide
• Phoenician דבר speak
• Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν
• Latin loqui, dicere
• German reden, sagen

Qal

— 41 occurrences, only infinitive and participle. Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ Psalm 51:6; participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 (30 times); plural דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5, Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7, Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11.

Meanings and Uses

• Absolute: Numbers 27:7, Numbers 32:27, Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11.
• With accusative of thing: דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13; (+ אמת) Psalm 15:2; (+ שׁלום) Esther 10:3; (+ שׁקר) Psalm 63:12.
• With אֶל of person: Genesis 16:13 (Yahwist Source), Exodus 6:29 (Priests' Code).
• With בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of: Deuteronomy 5:1, Jeremiah 28:7.
• Of an angel: הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me Zechariah 1:9, 13, 14.

Niph`al

— Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16; participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30. Reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk.

• Absolute: Malachi 3:16.
• With בְּ, against: Psalm 119:23, Ezekiel 33:30.
• With עַל, concerning: Malachi 3:13.

Pi`el

— 1089 occurrences. Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +; Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +; Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +; participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +.

1. Absolute

• Deuteronomy 18:17 followed by לֵאמֹר.
• Phrases: אני יהוה דברתי Ezekiel 5:13 (18 times in Ezekiel); כי פי יהוה דבר Isaiah 1:20, Isaiah 40:5, Micah 4:4.

2. With accusative of thing

• את הדברים האלה Exodus 20:1, Deuteronomy 5:19.
• דבר קשׁות spake rough words Genesis 42:7 (Elohist Source).
• יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24.

3. With persons

• a. rarely accusative: Genesis 37:4 (Yahwist Source).
• b. with אֶל (most frequent): Genesis 8:15; וַיְדַבֵּר יהוה אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר Exodus 6:10 (87 times, Priests' Code); אל לב speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45.
• c. with לְ speak to, promise to: 1 Kings 2:19; Joshua 10:12 (Deuteronomic Source); in D phrases כאשׁר דבר ל as he promised to Deuteronomy 1:11, 15:6.
• d. with אֵת speak with: Genesis 17:3, 21:2 (Priests' Code); דבר משׁפטים את give judgment against Jeremiah 39:5.
• e. with עִם speak with: Genesis 29:9, Exodus 19:9 (Yahwist Source); דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי Ecclesiastes 1:16.
• feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of: Exodus 6:12, Numbers 36:1 (Priests' Code).

4. With בְּ

• a. instrumental: דבר בְּ speak by means of Numbers 12:2 (Elohist Source); בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exodus 5:23.
• b. local: בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Genesis 20:8.
• c. of the object: speak of, about Deuteronomy 6:7, 1 Samuel 19:3.
• d. hostility: against Numbers 12:1, 21:5 (Elohist Source).

5. With עַל

Of the object concerning or about which one speaks: Genesis 18:19, Jeremiah 1:16; דבר על לב speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3, Isaiah 40:2.

6. With infinitive

דבר לעשׂות promise to do Exodus 32:14 (Yahwist Source), Jonah 3:10.

Note: וַתְּדַבֵּר in 2 Chronicles 22:10 is a scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד and she destroyed (cf. 2 Kings 11:1).

Pu`al

— Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Song of Solomon 8:8; participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el

— Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר. With accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; מִדַּבֵּר אֶל speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 2:2.

Hiph`il

— Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Psalm 18:48; יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Psalm 47:4. Either leads (as Aramaic דַּבַּר) or subdues (as Arabic turn the back).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Gesenius' Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae (Thes).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ H. Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Verb Piel perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐλάλησεν λάλησον ἐλάλησα λαλήσω εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1696:

ἐλάλησεν 344× (29.7%)

λάλησον 62× (5.7%)

ἐλάλησα 51× (4.6%)

λαλήσω 44× (3.9%)

εἶπεν 44× (3.8%)

λαλῆσαι 42× (3.6%)

ἐλάλησασ 38× (3.4%)

ἐλάλησαν 38× (3.3%)

'' 27× (2.1%)

λαλῶν 26× (2.3%)

באה בָּאָה

she who is coming in

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

Verb Qal participle active feminine singular absolute

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LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

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ועשיתי וְעָשִׂיתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

אפרע אֶפְרַע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרע

pâraʻ

Definition

to loosen; by implication, to expose, dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to loosen; by implication, to expose, dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin; avenge, avoid, bare, go back, let, (make) naked, set at nought, perish, refuse, uncover.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6544

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּרַע

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1194

Transitive verb: to tear off, to separate from, to loosen, to untie; 1. to make bare, to uncover; 2. Figuratively: to absolve, to loosen, to deliver, to unbridle, to make licentious, unrestrained.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פֶּרַע

noun masculine • Root פרע • Page 554

a lock or bush of hair. Num. 6: 5. Ezek. 44: 20.

פָּרַע

verb • Page 554

I. to lead, command, (in war.) Judg. 5: 2. Deriv. פְּרָעוֹת.

פָּרַע

verb • Page 554

II. 1. to make bare. Num. 5: 18. 2. to set at liberty, to make lawless. Ex. 32: 25. 3. to forsake, reject. Prov. 1: 25. 4. to remit punishment. Ezek. 24: 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6544

[פָּרַע] verb denominative — act as leader, lead (?).

— Infinitive construct בִּפְרֹעַ Judges 5:2.

III. פָּרַע verb — let go, let alone.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew פָּרַע id. unbind (hair), uncover
• Arabic فرغ be empty, vacant, unoccupied
• Syriac ܦܪܥ uncover
• Targum פְּרַע

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וּפָרַע Numbers 5:18; suffix פְּרָעֹה¹ Exodus 32:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְרָע Leviticus 21:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix פְּרָעֵהוּ Proverbs 4:15; Infinitive construct פְּרֹעַ Judges 5:2; Participle active פֹּורֵעַ Proverbs 13:18, Proverbs 15:32; passive פָּרוּעַ Leviticus 13:45, פָּרֻעַ Ezekiel 32:25.

1. Let go, let loose

• Exodus 32:25 (twice in verse) (Elohist Source)
• Job 15:4²

a. Unbind head (by removing turban, sign of mourning)

• Leviticus 10:6
• Leviticus 21:10 (forbidden to priests)
• Leviticus 13:45 (leper)
• Numbers 5:18 (woman; all with רֹאשׁ)³

2. Let alone, avoid, neglect

• avoid Proverbs 4:15
• neglect Proverbs 1:25, Proverbs 8:33, Proverbs 13:18, Proverbs 15:32
• refrain (absolute) Ezekiel 24:14

Niphal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפָּרַע עָם Proverbs 29:18 — the people is let loose, lacks restraint.

Hiphil Perfect 3 masculine singular הַפְרִיעַ 2 Chronicles 28:19; Imperfect 2 masculine plural תַּפְרִיעוּ Exodus 5:4.

1. cause people to refrain, מִמַּעֲשָׂיו Exodus 5:4
2. shew lack of restraint 2 Chronicles 28:19

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 7 b, c.

² T. K. Cheyne, Jewish Quarterly Review, July 1897, 577.

³ W. Nowack, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Archäologie (1894), ii. 114.

⁴ Elohist Source.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6544b:

No stats available

ולא וְלֹא־

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

אחוס אָחוּס

I am pitying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חוס

chûwç

Definition

properly, to cover, i.e. (figuratively) to compassionate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to cover, i.e. (figuratively) to compassionate; pity, regard, spare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2347

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוּס

verb • Root חוס • Strongs / High • Page 467

tr. prop. to cover, to cover over, hence to protect, to hide; figur. to look at a thing with a protecting, sparing feeling, i.e. to have compassion upon, to pity.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוּס

verb • Page 219

To have compassion, to pity; construed with עַל of the person (Ps. 72:13). Also to be grieved or troubled on account of something (Jon. 4:10). 2. To spare (Neh. 13:22, Jer. 13:14, Ezek. 24:14, Joel 2:17). 3. Phraseology: 'mine eye looks with pity' (Gen. 45:20, Deut. 7:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2347

I. חוּס (approximate number of occurrences: 22) verb — pity, look upon with compassion.

Cognates:

• Aramaic חוּס pity, spare
• Assyrian —û s (compare Delitzsch¹)

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular חָסָה Ezekiel 16:5, 2 masculine singular חַ֫סְתָּ Jonah 4:10; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָחוּס Jeremiah 21:7; יָחֹס Psalm 72:13; 3 feminine singular תָּחוּס Isaiah 13:18; תָּהוֺס Deuteronomy 7:16 (9 times²); תָּחֹס Genesis 45:20, Ezekiel 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס 1 Samuel 24:11, Ezekiel 20:17; 1 singular אָחוּס Jeremiah 13:14 (2 times); Imperative חוּ֫סָה Joel 2:17, Nehemiah 13:22.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of the eye

• עַיִן, (לא) תח(ו)ס על the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 13:9; Deuteronomy 19:13; Isaiah 13:18; Ezekiel 7:4; Ezekiel 20:17
• לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Ezekiel 16:5
• עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Genesis 45:20 (Redactor of Jehovist and Elohist Sources) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff
• With ellipsis of עַיִן 1 Samuel 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס, for וַתָּחָס according to ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7)
• With ellipsis of על Deuteronomy 19:21; Deuteronomy 25:12; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10; (אל) ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם Ezekiel 9:5

b. Of God

• חוסה על Nehemiah 13:22; Joel 2:17
• לא אחוס על נינוה Jonah 4:11
• With ellipsis of על Jeremiah 13:14; Ezekiel 24:14

c. Of man

• The Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֺן Psalm 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy
• Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (i.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Jeremiah 21:7
• Jonah על הקיקיון Jonah 4:10

— See also חמל.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: φείσεται φείσομαι φείσεταί ἐφείσατο

LXX Usage Statistics

H2347:

φείσεται 9× (38.2%)

φείσομαι 3× (12.7%)

φείσεταί 2× (8.5%)

ἐφείσατο 2× (7.9%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

אנחם אֶנָּחֵם

I am comforting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נחם

nâcham

Definition

properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge (oneself)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge (oneself); comfort (self), ease (one's self), repent(-er,-ing, self).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5162

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָחַם

verb • Root נחם • Strongs / High • Page 961

Verb. Kal (not used): 1. to breathe forth, to groan, to sigh; 2. to feel strongly, warmly, to be excited. Niphal (נִחַם): to be sorry, to have compassion, to grieve, to feel sympathy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָחַם

verb • Root נחם • Page 437

Core meaning: to suffer pain, to be grieved. Niph.: (1) to have pity, compassion, sympathy (Jer. 15:6; Ps. 90:13); (2) to feel regret, to repent (Ex. 13:17; Gen. 6:6). Pi.: to show sympathy, to comfort, console (Gen. 50:21; Job 2:11). Pu.: passive (Is. 54:11). Hithpa.: (1) to be grieved, to have compassion (Deut. 32:36); (2) to repent; (3) to take revenge (Gen. 27:42).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5162

I. נחם (only in derived species) verb — be sorry, console oneself, etc.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew נִחֵם Pi`el comfort
• Phoenician in proper name Lzb<sup>1</sup> 322
• Targum נַחֵם Pa`el = Late Hebrew
• Christian-Palestinian Aramaic Pa`el id., Schw² 54
• Arabic نحم breathe pantingly (of horse)

1. Niph`al

— נִחַם Perfect Amos 7:3 (5 times); נִחָ֑ם Jeremiah 20:16 (3 times); 1 singular נִחַמְתִּי Genesis 6:7 (9 times); נִחָ֑מְתִּי Zechariah 8:14; 2 masculine plural נִחַמְתֶּם Ezekiel 14:22; Imperfect יִנָּחֵם Exodus 13:17 (7 times); וַיִּנָּ֫תֶם Genesis 6:6 (7 times); + 5 times Imperfect; Imperative הִנָּחֵם Exodus 32:12; Psalm 90:13; Infinitive הִנָּחֵם Jeremiah 31:15; 1 Samuel 15:29; Participle נִחָם Judges 21:15 (4 times).

a. be sorry, moved to pity, have compassion

• for others, absolute Jeremiah 15:6
• with עַל Psalm 90:13
• with אֶל Judges 21:6
• with לְ Judges 21:15
• with מִן Judges 2:18

b. be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent

• of one’s own doings, absolute Exodus 13:17 (Elohist Source)
• Psalm 106:45; Jeremiah 20:16; Joel 2:14; Zechariah 8:14
• parallel שׁקּר 1 Samuel 15:29 (twice in verse)
• parallel מאס Job 42:6
• parallel שׁוב Jeremiah 4:28, 31:19; Jonah 3:9
• parallel חוּס Ezekiel 24:14
• with לא נ, parallel נשׂבע Psalm 110:4
• with עַל Amos 7:3, 6; Jeremiah 8:6; Jeremiah 18:10
• with על הָרָעָה for ill done to others Exodus 32:12, 14 (Yahwist Source), Jeremiah 18:8; Joel 2:13; Jonah 3:10; 4:2
• with אֶל הָרָעָה 2 Samuel 24:16 = 1 Chronicles 21:15 (עַל), Jeremiah 26:8, 13, 19; Jeremiah 42:10
• with כִּי Genesis 6:6, 7 (Yahwist Source), 1 Samuel 15:11, 35

c. comfort oneself, be comforted

• absolute Genesis 38:12 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 77:3; Ezekiel 31:16
• with עַל 2 Samuel 13:39; Jeremiah 31:15
• with עַל הָרָעָה concerning the evil Ezekiel 14:22; Ezekiel 32:31
• with אַחֲרֵי Genesis 24:67 (Yahwist Source)

d. comfort oneself, ease oneself

• by taking vengeance with מִן Isaiah 1:24
• with עַל Isaiah 57:6

2. Pi`el

— נִחַם Perfect Isaiah 49:13 (9 times Perfect); Imperfect יְנַחֵם Job 29:25; 3 masculine plural יְנַחֲמוּ Job 42:11; יְנַחֵמ֑וּן Zechariah 10:2 (14 times Imperfect); Imperative נַחֲמוּ Isaiah 40:1 (twice in verse); Infinitive נַחֵם Isaiah 61:2; suffix נַחֲמוֺ Genesis 37:35 (10 times Infinitive); Participle מְנַחֵם Lamentations 1:2, plural מְנַחֲמִים Psalm 69:21 (12 times Participle) — comfort, console.

• absolute Genesis 37:35 (Yahwist Source), 1 Chronicles 19:3 = 2 Samuel 10:3; Psalm 69:21; Ecclesiastes 4:1 (twice); Zechariah 10:2; Nahum 3:7; Lamentations 1:16
• with accusative of person Genesis 50:21 (Elohist Source); 2 Samuel 12:24; 1 Chronicles 7:21, 19:2; Job 2:11, 7:13, 21:34, 29:25; Ruth 2:13; Psalm 23:4, 71:21, 119:76, 119:82; Isaiah 12:1, 22:4, 40:1 (twice), 51:3 (twice), 51:12, 19, 61:2, 66:13 (twice); Ezekiel 14:23, 16:54; Zechariah 1:17; Lamentations 2:13
• parallel עזר Psalm 86:17; רַחֵם Isaiah 49:13; גאל Isaiah 52:9; שׂמּח Jeremiah 31:13
• with מִן of thing Genesis 5:29 (Yahwist Source)
• with עַל Jeremiah 16:7, 42:11
• with אֶל 2 Samuel 10:2 = עַל 1 Chronicles 19:2
• מְנִחֲמֵי עָמָל Job 16:2
• אֵין מְנַחֵם לְ Lamentations 1:2, 9, 17, 21

3. Pu`al

— Perfect נֻחָ֑מָה Isaiah 54:11; Imperfect תְּנֻחָ֑מוּ Isaiah 66:13; — be comforted, consoled.

4. Hithpa`el

— Perfect 1 singular וְהִנֶּחָ֑מְתִּי (for הִתְנַחַמְתִּי; but strike out Cornill³) Ezekiel 5:13; Imperfect יִתְנֶחָ֑ם Deuteronomy 32:36 (3 times); 1 singular אֶתְנֶח֑ם Psalm 119:52; Infinitive הִתְנַחֵם Genesis 37:35; Participle מִתְנַחֵם Genesis 27:42 —

1. be sorry, have compassion

• with עַל־עֲבָדָיו upon his servants Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalm 135:14

2. rue, repent of

• parallel כזּב Numbers 23:19 (Poem)

3. comfort oneself, be comforted

• absolute Genesis 37:35 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 119:52

4. ease oneself

• by taking vengeance Ezekiel 5:13 (?); with לִ person Genesis 27:42 (Jehovist/Elohist Source): compare Niph'al 4.

¹ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898).

² Friedrich Schwally, Idioticon des christlich-palästinischen Aramäisch (1893).

³ Carl Heinrich Cornill.

Verb Niphal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: παρακαλῶν παρακαλέσαι παρεκλήθη μετεμελήθη παρακαλέσει

LXX Usage Statistics

H5162:

παρακαλῶν 9× (7.7%)

παρακαλέσαι 7× (6.1%)

παρεκλήθη 5× (4.5%)

μετεμελήθη 4× (3.5%)

παρακαλέσει 4× (3.5%)

παρακαλοῦντασ 3× (2.7%)

παρεκάλεσάσ 3× (2.7%)

παρακληθήσεται 3× (2.7%)

μετανοῶν 3× (2.6%)

μετανοήσει 3× (2.6%)

כדרכיך כִּדְרָכַיִךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דרך

derek

Definition

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Root

from H1869 (דרך);

Exhaustive

from דרך; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb; along, away, because of, [phrase] by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1870

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 377

prop. to go along, to advance, to ascend. Hence 1. intr. to go, to wander, to walk. 2. tr. to tread, to tread down, an enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּרֶךְ

noun / common gender • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

A derivative of the verb דָּרַךְ. 1. A going, walking, journey. 2. A way, path, via. 3. An accessible, level road. 4. Metaphorically, conduct, undertaking, or way of acting.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

To tread, to walk. Specific uses include treading a wine-press, stretching or bending a bow by treading on it. Figuratively, to spur, drive, urge on, or in a bad sense, to despise.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דֶּרֶךְ

com. gen. • Page 174

1. way, the place to which the way leads; 2. walk, manner of life, conduct; 3. religious walk, devotion to God, religion; 4. way, manner, method; 5. work.

דָּרַךְ

verb • Page 173

1. To tread, to tread on; often used with an accusative or various prepositions (Job 22: 15, Judg. 5: 21, Ps. 91: 13). 2. To bend or stretch a bow by resting it on the ground and treading on it (Ps. 7: 13, 11: 3, 37: 14, 1 Chr. 5: 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1870

I. דֶּ֫רֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 715) noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exodus 18:20} — way, road, distance, journey, manner.

— דֶּ֫רֶךְ absolute Genesis 38:16 +; דָּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 38:21 +; construct דֶּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 3:24; suffix דַּרְכִּי Genesis 24:42 (4 times) + 2 Samuel 22:33 דַּרְכִּו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hosea 10:13, 1 Kings 19:15; דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 5:9 (9 times); דַּרְכֵךְ Jeremiah 2:23 (8 times); דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1 Samuel 1:18, Job 28:23; דַּרְכֵּ֫נוּ Judges 18:5 (2 times); דַּרְכְּכֶם Genesis 19:2 (3 times); דַּרְכָּם 1 Kings 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, 18; plural דְּרָכִים Deuteronomy 28:7 (6 times); construct דַּרְכֵי Proverbs 3:17 (24 times); suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 (17 times), דְּרָכָ֑י Psalm 95:10 (4 times); דְּרָכֶ֫יךָ Deuteronomy 28:29 (16 times); דְּרָכֶ֫ךָ Exodus 33:13 (2 times); דְּרָכַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 3:18 (4 times); דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 7:3 (3 times); דְּרָכָיו Deuteronomy 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶ֫יהָ Proverbs 3:17 (3 times); דְּרָכֵ֫ינוּ Lamentations 3:40, Zechariah 1:6; דַּרְכֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:22 (17 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:17 (5 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. way, road, path
   • Genesis 35:3 (Elohist Source)
   • Genesis 38:16, 21 (Jehovist Source)
   • Genesis 48:7 (Priestly Code)
   • Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
   • construct way of (often = to, toward): דֶּ֫רֶךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 3:24 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁוּר Genesis 16:7 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ אֶ֫רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exodus 13:17 (Elohist Source).
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַמֶּ֫לֶךְ Numbers 20:17; 21:22 i.e. the highway.
   • Of the path of God: בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 77:20; Nahum 1:3.
   • figurative of death: בְּדֶ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2.
2. journey
   • Genesis 24:21, 40, 42 (Jehovist Source)
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֫שֶׁת יָמִים journey of three days Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 3:18.
   • go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ Genesis 19:2 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 32:2 (Elohist Source).
3. direction, toward
   • 1 Kings 8:44, 48 pray toward the city.
   • In Ezekiel (c. 28 times): דֶּ֫רֶךְ צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5; דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:10.
4. way, manner
   • a. usage דֶּ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Genesis 19:31.
   • b. customary experience דֶּ֫רֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35 (Elohist Source).
   • c. manner of Egypt דֶּ֫רֶךְ מִצְרַ֫יִם Amos 4:10.
5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings
   • Deuteronomy 28:29; Joshua 1:8; Psalm 37:5; Proverbs 3:6.
   • In summary of a king's life: 2 Chronicles 13:22; 2 Chronicles 27:7.
6. of moral action and character

   a. In general

   • הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 (Priestly Code).
   • Psalm 119:5, 59; Proverbs 16:9; Jeremiah 7:3.

   b. Of duty (commanded by God)

   • Exodus 18:20 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:6; Psalm 25:8; Isaiah 30:21.

   c. Specifically in good sense

   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה 1 Samuel 12:23.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6; דֶּ֫רֶךְ חַיִּים Proverbs 6:23.

   d. Oftener in bad sense

   • דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judges 2:19; דֶּ֫רֶךְ רָעָה 1 Kings 13:33.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שֶׁ֫קֶר Psalm 119:29; דֶּ֫רֶךְ מָ֫וֶת Proverbs 14:12.

   e. Way of Yahweh

   • (α) Creative activity: Job 26:14; Proverbs 8:22.
   • (β) Moral administration: Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 103:7; Isaiah 55:9.
   • (γ) His commandments: Genesis 18:19 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 5:30; Psalm 25:4; Malachi 2:9.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code.

⁴ Deuteronomic Source.

⁵ Holiness Code.

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1890.

⁷ J. Wellhausen, Text der Bücher Samuelis, 1871.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ὁδὸν ὁδῷ ὁδοὺσ ὁδοῦ ὁδοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1870:

ὁδὸν 148× (20.8%)

ὁδῷ 125× (15.6%)

ὁδοὺσ 59× (8.0%)

ὁδοῦ 57× (7.4%)

ὁδοῖσ 54× (6.7%)

ὁδόν 41× (5.5%)

ὁδὸσ 35× (4.9%)

ὁδούσ 25× (3.3%)

ὁδοὶ 19× (2.8%)

ὁδόσ 13× (1.7%)

וכעלילותיך וְכַעֲלִילוֹתַיִךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עלילה

ʻălîylâh

Definition

an exploit (of God), or a performance (of man, often in a bad sense); by implication, an opportunity

Root

or עללה; from H5953 (עלל) in the sense of effecting;

Exhaustive

or עללה; from עלל in the sense of effecting; an exploit (of God), or a performance (of man, often in a bad sense); by implication, an opportunity; act(-ion), deed, doing, invention, occasion, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5949

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲלִילָה

noun feminine • Root עלל • Strongs / High • Page 1096

prop. busy working; hence 1. deed, doing, work (especially wonderful and gracious deeds of God). 2. in a bad sense: an evil, sinful deed. 3. pretext, motive, cause, occasion.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲלִילָה

f. verbal • Root עלל • Page 510

An action, deed, work, facinus; 1. deeds, mighty works of God (Is. 12:4, Ps. 9:12, 77:13). 2. actions of men (Zeph. 3:7, Ps. 14:1, 141:4, Ezek. 14:22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5949

I. עֲלִילָה noun feminine — wantonness, deed.

— עֲלִילָה absolute Psalm 14:1; Psalm 66:5; elsewhere plural עֲלִלוֺת 1 Samuel 2:3; Psalm 141:4; construct עֲלִילֹת Deuteronomy 22:14, 17; suffix עֲלִילוֺתֶיךָ Psalm 77:13, עֲלִילוֺתָם Zephaniah 3:7 + etc.

1. Wantonness

• דְּבָרִים עֲלִילָה Deuteronomy 22:14, 17 wantonness of words, i.e. baseless charges (compare Dillmann¹, especially Driver²).

2. Deed

a. In general, of men

• 1 Samuel 2:3

b. Of Yahweh (only Psalms)

• Psalm 9:12 = Psalm 105:1 = Isaiah 12:4 = 1 Chronicles 16:8
• Psalm 77:13 ("" מָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ)
• Psalm 78:11 ("" נִפְלְאוֺתָיו)
• Psalm 103:7
• נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל Psalm 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc.

c. Usually practices = evil deeds (especially in Ezekiel, 8 times):

• Ezekiel 14:22, 23
• Ezekiel 20:43
• Ezekiel 24:14
• Ezekiel 36:17, 19 (all "" דֶּרֶךְ)
• fully עֲלִילֹת הַנִּשְׁחָתוֺת Ezekiel 20:44 ("" דַּרְכֵי הָרָעִים)
• Ezekiel 21:29
• Zephaniah 3:11
• הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־עֲלִילוֹתָם Zephaniah 3:7

¹ August Dillmann, Die Bücher Numeri, Deuteronomium und Josua (1886).

² S. R. Driver, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy (1895).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπιτηδεύματα προφασιστικοὺσ ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἐνθυμήματα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5949:

ἐπιτηδεύματα 6× (26.2%)

προφασιστικοὺσ 2× (10.6%)

ἐπιτηδεύμασιν 2× (7.4%)

ἐνθυμήματα 2× (7.4%)

שפטוך שְׁפָטוּךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שפט

shâphaṭ

Definition

to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively); [phrase] avenge, [idiom] that condemn, contend, defend, execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), [idiom] needs, plead, reason, rule.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8199

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁפַט

verb • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

Transitive, properly to separate, divide, split off, transferred to deciding or judging; 1. to judge, absol. to act the part of judge; 2. to procure right, to defend right, to vindicate; 3. to condemn, to punish; 4. generally to govern, to rule.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפָט

noun proper masculine • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

A proper name (a Judge, viz. Jah is).

Matched via consonantal key only

שִׁפֵּט

verb piel • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

To pronounce judgment. Part. right-pronouncer = judge. Also, to accuse before a judge (Arab.).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפַט (Nif.)

verb nifal • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

To be judged; to be condemned; to go to law or plead; to take into judgment, to punish one.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֶׁפֶט

m. verbal • Root שפט • Page 695

Judgments, punishments. Ex. 12: 12, Num. 33: 4.

שְׁפַט

chald. part. • Page 695

A judge. Ezra 7: 25.

שָׁפַט

verb • Page 694

1. to judge (Ex. 18: 22). 2. to do justice to any one (Ps. 10: 18). 3. to condemn, punish (1 Sam. 3: 13). 4. to command, rule; since judging and ruling are connected in the east (Am. 2: 3).

שָׁפַט

verb • Root שפט • Page 695

To be judged (Niph. 1, Ps. 37: 33). To contend with a person (Niph. 2, Prov. 29: 9, Is. 43: 26). To execute punishment, particularly when spoken of Jehovah (Niph. 3, Ezek. 38: 22, Is. 66: 16). 'My judge' (Po. Job 9: 15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8199

I. שָׁפַט (approximate number of occurrences: 185) verb — judge, govern.

Cognates:

• Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט
• Punic sufet¹
• Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין
• Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), synonym dânu (דִּין)²
• Arabic (possible connection)³

— שָׁפַט Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁפַט Judges 16:31 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁפֹּט Genesis 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Isaiah 11:3; 3 masculine plural יִשְׁפְּטוּ Genesis 31:53 +, יִשְׁפֹּטוּ Exodus 18:26 (Kimchi⁴ יִשְׁפּוּטוּ; compare GKC⁵ § 47g); Infinitive absolute שָׁפוֹט Genesis 19:9; construct שְׁפֹט Ruth 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Exodus 18:13 +; Imperative שְׁפָט־ Proverbs 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Psalm 82:8, Lamentations 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Isaiah 1:17 +, שְׁפֹטוּ Zechariah 7:9; Participle שֹׁפֵט 1 Samuel 3:13 + etc.

1. Act as law-giver, judge, or governor

(Giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

a. Of God only

• שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Genesis 18:25 (Jehovist Source)
• parallels מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Isaiah 33:22

b. Of man

• Genesis 19:9 (twice in verse) (Jehovist Source)
• Moses deciding cases Exodus 18:13 (Elohist Source)
• Making known statutes Exodus 18:16 (Elohist Source)
• Assistants Exodus 18:22; 18:26 (Elohist Source)
• Of the judges of Israel שֹׁפְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Numbers 25:5 (executioners)
• Yahweh set judges שֹׁפְטִים over Israel Judges 2:16, 18; 2 Samuel 7:11 = 1 Chronicles 17:10
• To deliver Israel שָׁפַט יִשְׂרָאֵל Judges 3:10; 4:4; 10:2 (and 39 times in Judges)
• 1 Samuel 4:18; 7:15–17; 2 Kings 23:22
• As substantive שֹׁפֵט Judges 2:17–19; 1 Samuel 8:1, 2; 2 Kings 23:22
• שֹׁפְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Chronicles 17:6 (parallel 2 Samuel 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי)
• בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ruth 1:1 (twice in verse)
• Parallel מֶלֶךְ 1 Samuel 8:5, 6, 20; Hosea 7:7; 13:10; שֹׁפֵט יִשְׂרָאֵל Micah 4:14 (= king)
• King judges people 1 Kings 3:9 (twice in verse) = 2 Chronicles 1:10; 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Chronicles 26:21
• Parallel שָׂרִים Exodus 2:14 (Elohist Source); Amos 2:3; Zephaniah 3:3
• Parallel יוֹעֵץ Isaiah 1:26; Job 12:17
• שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Isaiah 40:23; Proverbs 8:16; Psalm 2:10; Psalm 148:11

2. Specifically decide controversy

Discriminate between persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

a. Of God

• Psalm 82:1
• Between parties בֵּין ... וּבֵין Genesis 16:5 (Jehovist Source; domestic); Judges 11:27; 1 Samuel 24:13, 16 (war); Ezekiel 34:20 (religious)
• With בֵּין ... לְ Ezekiel 34:17, 22
• With בֵּינֵינוּ Genesis 31:53 (Elohist Source; domestic)
• Condemning wicked and justifying righteous 1 Kings 8:32; 2 Chronicles 6:23; Job 21:22
• שֹׁפֵט צַדִּיק Psalm 7:12

b. Of man

• In civil cases Exodus 18:16 (Elohist Source); Numbers 35:24 (Priestly Code); Deuteronomy 1:16
• With accusative Leviticus 19:15 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 25:1
• Influenced by bribes Micah 3:11; 7:3; Job 9:24
• Absalom desires to be judge 2 Samuel 15:4
• Jehoshaphat set up judges 2 Chronicles 19:5–6
• The judge declares the sentence דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9, 12; 25:2

3. Execute judgment

a. Discriminating (of man only)

• מִשְׁפַּט אֱמֶת Zechariah 7:9
• מֵישָׁרִים שָׁפַט judge uprightly Psalm 58:2

b. Vindicating

• Subject God: The fatherless Psalm 10:18; vindicate from hand of מִיַּד 1 Samuel 24:16; 2 Samuel 18:19, 31
• Subject man: With accusative fatherless Isaiah 1:17, 23; the poor Isaiah 11:4; Proverbs 29:14; Psalm 82:3

c. Condemning and punishing

• God: כְּדַרְכֵי ... שָׁפַט according to ways of Ezekiel 7:3, 8; 18:30; 24:14
• Judgment of adulteresses מִשְׁפְּטֵי נֹאֲפוֹת Ezekiel 16:38

d. At theophanic advent for final judgment

• God is שֹׁפֵט Psalm 50:6; 75:8
• Comes to judge the earth בָּא לִשְׁפֹּט הָאָרֶץ Psalm 96:13 = 1 Chronicles 16:33; Psalm 98:9
• Judging the world תֵּבֵל Psalm 9:9; 96:13

Niph`al

1. Enter into controversy, plead (reciprocal)

• With אֵת (of God) Jeremiah 2:35; Ezekiel 17:20; 20:35
• With עִם Joel 4:2; 2 Chronicles 22:8
• Have controversy together נִשְׁפַּט יַחַד Isaiah 43:26
• By fire בָּאֵשׁ Isaiah 66:16

2. Passive: be judged

• Psalm 9:20; 37:33; 109:7

Pô`el

Participle suffix מְשֹׁפְטִי (dubious) = my opponent-at-law Job 9:15; Psalm 109:31.

¹ Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl).

³ Nöldeke in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG).

⁴ David Kimchi (Ki).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁶ Ferguson in Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL).

Aramaic

I. [שְׁפַט] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew שָׁפַט).

1. Participle as plural noun absolute
   • שָֽׁפְטִין Ezra 7:25 judges.

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἔκρινεν κρινεῖ κρινῶ κριτὰσ κρίνων

LXX Usage Statistics

H8199:

ἔκρινεν 16× (7.1%)

κρινεῖ 14× (6.6%)

κρινῶ 11× (5.2%)

κριτὰσ 9× (4.2%)

κρίνων 9× (4.1%)

κρινεῖσ 8× (3.6%)

κρίνατε 6× (2.9%)

κριταὶ 6× (2.6%)

κριτῶν 5× (2.0%)

κρῖναι 4× (2.0%)

נאם נְאֻם

he who whispers

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נאם

nᵉʼum

Definition

an oracle

Root

from H5001 (נאם);

Exhaustive

from נאם; an oracle; (hath) said, saith.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5002

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְאֻם

noun / masculine • Root נאם • Strongs / High • Page 932

Declaration, oracle, prophecy, divine utterance.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5002

I. נְאֻם (approximate number of occurrences: 376) noun masculine — utterance (Ba¹ Kö² > older explanation as passive participle).

— always thus, as construct נְאֻם.

1. Utterance, declaration, revelation

Of a prophet in ecstatic state:

• נְאֻם בִּלְעָם Numbers 24:3, 15
• נְאֻם שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל Numbers 24:4, 6
• נְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר Numbers 24:3, 15; 2 Samuel 23:1; Proverbs 30:1
• נְאֻם דָּוִד 2 Samuel 23:1
• נְאֻם פֶּשַׁע Psalm 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with prophetic voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֺ)

2. Before divine names

Except Jeremiah 23:31 (see verb): נְאֻם יהוה utterance, declaration of יהוה (prophet citing divine word given through him):

• Genesis 22:16 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 14:28 (Priestly Source)
• 2 Kings 9:26 (twice in verse)
• 2 Kings 19:33 = Isaiah 37:34
• 2 Kings 22:19; 2 Chronicles 34:27
• Isaiah 14:22; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 31:9
• Ezekiel 13:6, 7; Ezekiel 16:58; Ezekiel 37:14
• Hosea 2:15; 18; 23; Hosea 11:11
• Joel 2:12
• Obadiah 4, 8
• Micah 4:6; Micah 5:9
• Zephaniah 1:2, 3, 10; Zephaniah 3:8
• Zechariah 8:17; Zechariah 10:12; Zechariah 11:6; Zechariah 12:1, 4; Zechariah 13:8
• Malachi 1:2
• Isaiah 40–66 (12 times); Jeremiah (162 times); Amos (14 times); Haggai (5 times); Zechariah 1–8 (6 times)

Followed by other divine titles:

• אלהי ישׂראל 1 Samuel 2:30; Isaiah 17:6
• יהוה אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)צְבָאוֺת Amos 6:8, 14
• נְאֻם יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 14:22, 23; 17:3; 22:25; Jeremiah 8:3; 25:29; 30:8; 49:26; Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Zechariah 13:2, 7 + Haggai (5 times); Zechariah 1–8 (7 times)
• Followed by אלהי ישׂראל Zephaniah 2:9
• נְאֻם הָאָדוֹן יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 1:24; 19:4
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה אֶלֹהֵי הַצּבָאוֺת Amos 3:13
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 3:15; Jeremiah 49:5
• נְאֻם הַמֶּלֶךְ יהוה צְבָאוֺת Jeremiah 46:18; 48:15; 51:57
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה Isaiah 56:8; Jeremiah 2:22; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3, 9, 11 + Ezekiel (82 times)

נְאֻם begins sentence only in Isaiah 56:8; Psalm 110:1; often in middle Isaiah 49:18; Amos 3:10 +; most frequently at end Isaiah 54:17; Amos 2:11; Amos 4:3 +; found in all prophets except Habakkuk, Jonah; not in Holiness Code or Deuteronomic Source of Hexateuch, Chronicles (except in parallels to Kings), Daniel, Job or the five Megilloth.

¹ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889-91), 82 e.

² Ed. König, Hist.-krit. Lehrgebäude d. Hebr. Sprache (1881-97), ii. 501.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: λέγει φησὶν --- '' εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5002:

λέγει 249× (69.2%)

φησὶν 33× (9.3%)

--- 25× (7.0%)

'' 23× (5.5%)

εἶπεν 13× (3.6%)

τάδε 12× (3.3%)

φησιν 2× (0.6%)

πιστὸσ 2× (0.5%)

אדני אֲדֹנָי

inner master of myself/pedastals

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדני

ʼĂdônây

Definition

the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)

Root

an emphatic form of H113 (אדון);

Exhaustive

an emphatic form of אדון; the Lord (used as a proper name of God only); (my) Lord.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

Lord. A title used for God, whose vowel points were applied to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) to create the form יְהוָה, guiding the reader to say 'Adonai' instead of pronouncing the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

noun proper • Page 25

The Lord; used exclusively of God. An ancient plural termination used to distinguish from אֲדֹנַי (my lords). Gen. 18:3; Ex. 4:10; Is. 8:7; Job 28:28.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0136:

No stats available

יהוהפ יְהֹוִה׃פ

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvih

Definition

{YHWH}

Root

a variation of H3068 (יהוה) (used after H136 (אדני), and pronounced by Jews as H430 (אלהים), in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce H3068 (יהוה) as H136 (אדני))

Exhaustive

a variation of יהוה (used after אדני, and pronounced by Jews as אלהים, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce יהוה as אדני); {YHWH}; God.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3069

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוָה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

The proper name of God in the Old Testament. The vowel points are a later addition, taken from the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai), as the name was considered too sacred to be pronounced. Its etymology is connected to the verb 'to be', signifying 'the existing', 'the everlasting'.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהוָֹה

noun / masculine • Root היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 587

A characteristic name of God among the Hebrews, frequently used in post-Mosaic proper names.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Matched via consonantal key only

יֱהֹוִה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A variant vocalization of the divine name, using the vowels of אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). This form is used when the divine name follows the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) to avoid the repetition of Adonai's vowels.

Matched via consonantal key only

יַהְוֶה

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A scholarly vocalization and proposed original pronunciation of the divine name.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κύριε θεόσ κυρίου θεὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3069:

κύριοσ 199× (74.1%)

κύριε 27× (10.0%)

θεόσ 16× (5.3%)

κυρίου 13× (4.6%)

θεὸσ 6× (1.8%)

κυρίῳ 3× (0.9%)

δέσποτα 2× (0.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
I Jehovah spake: it came, and I did; I will not let go loose, and I will not spare, and. I will not lament; according to thy ways and according to thy works they judged thee, says the Lord Jehovah.

LITV Translation:
I, Jehovah, have spoken; it shall come, and I will do it . I will not let go, and I will not spare, I will not pity. By your ways and by your doings they shall judge you, declares the Lord Jehovah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
I the Lord have spoken; and it shall come, and I will do it; I will not delay, neither will I have any mercy: I will judge thee, saith the Lord, according to thy ways, and according to thy devices: therefore will I judge thee according to thy bloodshed, and according to thy devices will I judge thee, thou unclean, notorious, and abundantly provoking one.