Ezekiel 21:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואמרת וְאָמַרְתָּ

and you have said

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

ליער לְיַעַר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יער

yaʻar

Definition

a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to thicken with verdure;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to thicken with verdure; a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees); (honey-) comb, forest, wood.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3293

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעַר

noun proper masculine • Root יער • Strongs / High • Page 623

A forest; also a masculine proper name.

יַעַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 627

(not used) intransitive verb, same as יָרָה III.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעַר

m. plur. • Page 291

I. a wood, forest. Deut. 19: 5; Josh. 17: 15, 18. Also mentioned as 'the house of the forest of Lebanon' (the arsenal of king Solomon). 1 K. 7: 2.

יַעַר

noun masculine • Page 291

II. a honey-comb, favus mellis. Cant. 5: 1; 1 Sam. 14: 27.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3293

II. יַ֫עַר noun masculine — honeycomb.

— יַ֫עַר absolute 1 Samuel 14:25, 1 Samuel 14:26; suffix יַעְרִי Songs 5:1.

honeycomb, containing honey 1 Samuel 14:25 (where read וְיַעַר הָיָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה with ᵐ5 We Dr Kit in Kau^AT,¹ instead of see as in MT); וַיָּבֹא הָעָם אֶל־הַיַּעַר 1 Samuel 14:26 (+ דְּבַשׁ 1 Samuel 14:25) and when the people came to the honeycomb behold its bees had departed (see ᵐ5 We Dr Kit VB); אָכַלְתִּי יַעְרִי עִם־דִּבְשִׁי Songs 5:1; see also I. יַעֲרָה.

¹ E. Kautzsch (ed.), Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments (1894).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: δρυμοῦ δρυμῷ δρυμὸν δρυμὸσ pἐν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3293a:

δρυμοῦ 21× (33.3%)

δρυμῷ 9× (12.9%)

δρυμὸν 7× (10.9%)

δρυμὸσ 4× (5.9%)

pἐν 3× (5.5%)

δρυμοῖσ 2× (2.6%)

βουνοὶ 2× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (2.3%)

הנגב הַנּגֶב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נגב

negeb

Definition

the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be parched;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be parched; the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Strongs / High • Page 940

A dry, parched quarter; the south, the southern quarter, so called from its dryness and heat; the southern part of Palestine.

נֶגֶב

noun / masculine / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 941

The south, a dry country; the southern district of Palestine. By extension, it can refer to Judah or Egypt. Also used to mean south-storms. As an adverb, it means 'in the south' or 'southward'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Page 424

the south. the southern boundary (Josh. 15:4). on the south side (Num. 35:5). Hence אֶרֶץ נֶגֶב a south land (Josh. 15:19; Ps. 126:4). Particularly (1.) the southern part of Palestine (Gen. 20:1; 24:62; 13:3; Deut. 34:3). (2.) Egypt (Dan. 11:5 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5045

I. נֶ֫גֶב (compare Lag¹) noun masculine — south-country, Negeb, south.

— נֶ֫גֶב absolute Genesis 20:1 +; construct Joshua 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Genesis 13:14 +;

1. South-country

a. Specifically the region south of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined

(see cities in it Joshua 15:21–32), but from hills south of Hebron to Kadesh:

• אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:62 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 13:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 1:15; Joshua 15:19
• Almost as proper name הַנֶּגֶב, הַנֶּגְבָּה: Genesis 12:9; Genesis 13:1; Numbers 13:17, 22; Numbers 21:1 (all Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 34:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 10:40; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8 (all Deuteronomic Source), Numbers 33:40; Joshua 15:21 (both Priests' Code), Judges 1:9; 1 Samuel 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound ᵐ5 [argab] Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Jeremiah 13:19; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; Zechariah 7:7; Obadiah 20; Psalm 126:4 (simile), Ezekiel 21:3a (= Judah)
• נֶ֫גֶב (no article) Genesis 13:3 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 30:1; Isaiah 30:6
• Particular districts: נֶ֫גֶב עֲרָד Judges 1:16; נֶ֫גֶב יהוּדָה etc. 1 Samuel 27:10 (3 times); 1 Samuel 30:14 (twice); 2 Samuel 24:7; 2 Chronicles 28:18; Zechariah 14:10
• Towns: רָמַת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 19:8, רָמוֺת נֶ֫גֶב 1 Samuel 30:27
• Collective with plural verb = people of south-land Obadiah 19

b. Land south of Babylon

• Isaiah 21:1

c. Egypt

• Daniel 11:5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 25 (twice); 29, 40 (compare Daniel 11:43)

2. South (opposed to north, east, west)

• Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both Jehovist Source), Joshua 17:10 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 7:25; 2 Chronicles 4:4; 1 Chronicles 9:24; 1 Chronicles 26:15, 17, Ezekiel 21:3b; Ezekiel 21:9; Daniel 8:4, 9, 1 Kings 7:39; Zechariah 14:4
• Of the tabernacle: מְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exodus 26:18; Exodus 27:9; Exodus 36:23; Exodus 38:9; Exodus 40:24
• שַׁ֫עַר נֶ֫גֶב Ezekiel 46:9 (twice)
• מְּאַת נֶ֫גֶב south side or border: Numbers 34:3; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:15 (all Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:16, 28, 33
• גְּבוּל נֶ֫גֶב south boundary: Numbers 34:3; Joshua 15:2, 4; Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code)
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ on the south of: Numbers 34:4 (twice); Joshua 15:3, 7; Joshua 18:3 (all Priests' Code), Judges 21:19
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב absolute on the south: Joshua 18:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 19:34 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 14:5; Ezekiel 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנֶּ֫גֶב Joshua 15:8, Joshua 18:13, 16 (all Priests' Code)
• נֶ֫גְבָּה Joshua 15:1, 2; Joshua 18:14 (twice); Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code), 2 Chronicles 4:10; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Joshua 17:9 (Priests' Code)

— For בִּנְּרוֺת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 11:2 read נֶגֶד (ᵐ5 Di).

¹ Lagarde, Paul de, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina, 1889, p. 78 (Lag^{BN 78}).

² ᵐ5 Septuagint.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νότον λίβα ναγεβ αἰγύπτου νότου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5045:

νότον 26× (20.0%)

λίβα 20× (14.5%)

ναγεβ 10× (7.8%)

αἰγύπτου 9× (8.3%)

νότου 6× (4.8%)

λιβόσ 6× (4.7%)

λιβὸσ 6× (4.5%)

ἔρημον 5× (3.2%)

ἀπέναντι 4× (3.7%)

pκατὰ 3× (2.8%)

שמע שְׁמַע

he has heard/hear

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמע

shâmaʻ

Definition

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8085

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַע

verb • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 755

to listen to, hearken

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1450

I. To give ear to, to hear, attend; generally with an accusative of the thing or person; to be an ear-witness; to hear with pleasure; to hear of God; to obey.

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1451

To hear (absol. or with accusative); to obey, to follow; metaphorically, to understand, to be intelligent, to be attentive; to get knowledge of, to hear a call.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַע and שָׁמֵעַ

verb • Root שמע • Page 687

1. to hear; to hearken, obey (Job 26:14, Ps. 92:12, Gen. 23:8, Ex. 24:7). 2. to understand (Gen. 11:7, 42:23). Also includes Niph. (to be heard), Pi. (to cause to hear, summon), and Hiph. (to cause to hear, announce, call together).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8085

I. שָׁמַע (approximate number of occurrences: 1159) verb — hear.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician שמע
• Assyrian šemû
• Arabic سَمِعَ
• Sabean סמע (especially epithet of divinity סמע he who hears)
• Ethiopic ሰምዐ
• Aramaic שְׁמַע

— שָׁמַע absolute Genesis 24:52 +; שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jeremiah 36:13; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1 Kings 1:11; plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judges 2:17; imperfect יִשְׁמַע Exodus 6:30; imperative שְׁמַע Amos 7:16; infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ Isaiah 6:9; construct שְׁמֹעַ 1 Samuel 15:22.

1. Human subject (or thing personified)

a. Hear (perceive by ear)

• (+ קוֺל) Genesis 3:10 (Jehovist Source)
• (+ דבר) Amos 8:11
• (+ חָכְמָה) 1 Kings 5:14
• absolute Deuteronomy 4:33

b. Hear one speaking

• Genesis 27:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 26:7
• Numbers 11:10

c. Hear it said (hear say)

• 1 Samuel 13:4
• Joshua 22:11 (Priests' Code)
• (+ עַל person) Genesis 41:15 (Elohist Source)

d. Hear of, concerning

• Exodus 18:1
• Psalm 48:9
• (+ ב person, hear exultantly of fate) Psalm 92:12

e. Power to hear

• 2 Samuel 19:36
• (of idols) Deuteronomy 4:28
• figurative (spiritual power) Jeremiah 5:21; Deuteronomy 29:8

f. Listen to, with attention

• Amos 4:1
• Numbers 12:6 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ 1 Kings 3:9

g. Understand (language)

• Genesis 11:7 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 28:49
• Genesis 42:23 (Elohist Source)

h. Hearing a judicial case

• Deuteronomy 1:16–17
• 1 Kings 3:11

i. Listen, yield, obey

• Genesis 42:21 (Elohist Source)
• (+ אֶל person) Judges 2:17
• (+ בְּקוֺל) Deuteronomy 4:30; Jeremiah 3:13
• absolute (be obedient) Isaiah 1:19

2. Of God as subject

a. Hear (with favor)

• Genesis 21:17 (Elohist Source)
• (+ תְּפִלָּה) 1 Kings 8:45
• absolute (hear and forgive) 1 Kings 8:30

b. Hear and answer

• (+ אֶל person) Deuteronomy 3:36
• (+ אֶל city) Genesis 16:11
• Psalm 22:23

Niph`al

— be heard, be regarded.

1. be heard (of voice, sound) 1 Samuel 1:13; (of report) Genesis 45:16 (Elohist Source).
2. be heard of Deuteronomy 4:32.
3. be regarded, obeyed Ecclesiastes 9:17.
4. hearing was granted 2 Chronicles 30:27.

Pi`el

— cause to hear, assemble.

• 1 Samuel 15:4; 1 Samuel 23:8.

Hiph`il

— cause to hear, proclaim.

a. Of man

• Deuteronomy 30:12
• (utter sound/proclaim) Joshua 6:10 (Jehovist Source); Isaiah 52:7
• absolute (musical term, sound aloud) 1 Chronicles 15:19; 2 Chronicles 5:13

b. Of God

• Deuteronomy 4:10, 36
• (tell/proclaim) Isaiah 42:9; Isaiah 43:12

Aramaic

I. שְׁמַע verb hear (Biblical Hebrew שָׁמַע).

1. Pe`al
   • hear (sense of hearing) Daniel 5:23
   • hear sound/word Daniel 3:5, Daniel 6:15
2. Hithpe`el (shew oneself obedient)
   • Daniel 7:27

¹ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

² Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ Fritz Hommel, Chrestomathie.

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: ἤκουσεν ἀκούσατε ἤκουσαν ἤκουσα ἄκουε

LXX Usage Statistics

H8085:

ἤκουσεν 130× (10.0%)

ἀκούσατε 76× (6.4%)

ἤκουσαν 58× (4.6%)

ἤκουσα 42× (3.5%)

ἄκουε 37× (3.1%)

ὡσ 30× (2.6%)

ἀκοῦσαι 29× (2.1%)

ἀκούσῃ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.9%)

εἰσήκουσεν 25× (2.0%)

דבר דְּבַר־

has aligned/alignment

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbâr

Definition

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

Root

from H1696 (דבר);

Exhaustive

from דבר; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause; act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1697

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 154

1. word, speech (Ex. 4:10); denotes a command (Est. 1:19), promise (1 K. 2:4), sentiment/doctrine (Ecc. 1:1), oracle/revelation (Jer. 1:4), or historical words/chronicles (1 K. 11:41). 2. matter, thing (Ecc. 7:8); equivalent to Aramaic מִלָּא and Arabic אמר.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1697

I. דָּבָר (approximate number of occurrences: 1439) noun masculine — speech, word.

— דָּבָר absolute Genesis 18:14 (446 times); construct דְּבַר Genesis 12:17 (361 times); suffix דְּבָרִי Numbers 11:23 + (suffixes 66 times); singular in all 875 times; plural דְּבָרִים Exodus 4:10 (182 times); construct דִּבְרֵי Genesis 24:30 (253 times); suffix דְּבָרָיו Genesis 37:8 (suffixes 127 times); plural in all 564 times.

I. Singular: speech, discourse, saying, word

As the sum of that which is spoken:

1. Of men

• a. Discreet in speech: נְבוֺן דָּבָר 1 Samuel 16:18; שְׂפָתַיִם ד׳ speech of lips Psalm 59:13, mere talk Isaiah 36:5 (= 2 Kings 18:20) Proverbs 14:23; דָּבָר מָר bitter speech Psalm 64:4; כָּזָב ד׳ lying speech Proverbs 30:8; דְּבָֽרְךָ טוֺב thy saying is good 1 Samuel 9:10; וּדְבַר אַבְנֵר הָיָה עִם and the speech of Abner had been with the elders 2 Samuel 3:17.
• b. Word of command: ד׳ (הַ)מֶּלֶךְ 1 Chronicles 21:4, 6; Esther 1:12; Ecclesiastes 8:4; מַלְכוּת ד׳ royal edict Esther 1:19; כדבר עשׂה do according to command Genesis 44:2; Exodus 32:28 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 10:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative).
• c. Message, report, tidings: הַדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה this evil report Exodus 33:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר bring word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 13:26; 1 Samuel 17:30; Proverbs 18:13; Isaiah 41:28.
• d. Advice, counsel: בְּדְבַר בִּלְעָם by advice of Balaam Numbers 31:16 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Judges 20:7; 2 Samuel 19:44.
• e. Request: 2 Samuel 14:15, 22.
• f. Promise: לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not break his word Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative); הֵקִים דָּבָר perform a promise Nehemiah 5:13.
• g. Charge, complaint: Deuteronomy 22:20; שִׂים דָּבָר בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15.
• h. Decision, sentence: דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9–11.
• i. Theme, story: דָּבָר טוֹב good theme Psalm 45:2; דִּבְרֵי גְבוּרוֹת Job 41:4.

2. Word of God

As a divine communication in commandments, prophecy, and help (394 times):

• a. Communication: וַיְהִי דְבַר י׳ אֶל word of Yahweh came unto 1 Samuel 15:10; 2 Samuel 7:4; 1 Kings 17:2; Jeremiah 1:4; Ezekiel 3:16. God sends his word (שׁלח) Psalm 107:20; Isaiah 9:7.
• b. Confirmation: Yahweh confirms his word of promise Deuteronomy 9:5; 1 Kings 2:4. His word is settled in heaven Psalm 119:89. It is a lamp to the feet Psalm 119:105.

II. Saying, utterance, sentence

As a section of a discourse:

1. Of men

• a. דָּבָר בְּעִתּוֹ a word in due season Proverbs 15:23. דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים sentences of the wise Proverbs 1:6; Ecclesiastes 12:11.
• b. Title of writings: דִּבְרֵי קֹהֶלֶת Ecclesiastes 1:1; ד׳ יִרְמְיָהוּ Jeremiah 1:1; Amos 1:1.
• c. Records: ד׳ הַחֹזִים 2 Chronicles 33:18; 1 Chronicles 29:29.

2. Of God

• עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים the ten words (commandments) Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 4:13. Words of the covenant code Exodus 24:3; Deuteronomic code Deuteronomy 17:19.

III. A word, words

1. Of men: אִישׁ דְּבָרִים man of words (eloquent) Exodus 4:10; דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ words of wind Job 16:3.
2. Of God: Numbers 12:6; 1 Samuel 15:1; Amos 8:11.

IV. Matter, affair

1. Business, occupation

• דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ king's business 1 Samuel 21:9; דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ daily duty or portion Exodus 5:13; 1 Kings 8:59.

2. Acts (historical records)

• דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים chronicles (daily record) 1 Kings 14:29; דְּבָרָיו his acts 2 Chronicles 13:22.

3. Matter, affair (specific case)

• דְּבַר אוּרִיָּה affair of Uriah 1 Kings 15:5; שֹׁרֶשׁ דָּבָר root of the matter Job 19:28.

4. Events, things

• אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה after these things Genesis 15:1; Genesis 22:1 (Elohist Source).

5. Case (judicial)

• בַּעַל דְּבָרִים one having a case Exodus 24:14; דְּבָרֶיךָ טוֹבִים pleas, good 2 Samuel 15:3.

6. Something, anything

• עָשָׂה דָּבָר Genesis 22:16; לֹא... דָּבָר nothing 1 Kings 5:7; עֶרְוַת דָּבָר unseemly thing Deuteronomy 23:15.

7. Way, manner

• זֶה דְּבַר הַשְּׁמִטָּה Deuteronomy 15:2; כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה after this manner Genesis 18:25; 2 Samuel 15:6.

8. Reason, cause

• זֶּה דְבַר־הַמַּס 1 Kings 9:15; עַל דְּבַר because of Genesis 20:11; Psalm 79:9.

¹ SI: Likely Silberman, or reference to a specific grammatical work.

² Dr^Sm: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel (1890).

³ Dr^Intr: S. R. Driver, An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (1891).

⁴ ᵐ5: Septuagint; ᵑ6: Syriac Peshitta.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ῥῆμα λόγουσ λόγοσ λόγον λόγων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1697:

ῥῆμα 224× (14.7%)

λόγουσ 198× (13.0%)

λόγοσ 184× (13.3%)

λόγον 153× (10.6%)

λόγων 120× (8.3%)

ῥήματα 80× (5.1%)

λόγοι 63× (4.3%)

'' 51× (3.3%)

λόγοισ 30× (1.9%)

--- 30× (2.3%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

כה כֹּה־

like this

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כה

kôh

Definition

properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

Root

from the prefix k and H1931 (הוא);

Exhaustive

from the prefix k and הוא; properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now; also, here, + hitherto, like, on the other side, so (and much), such, on that manner, (on) this (manner, side, way, way and that way), + mean while, yonder.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3541

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּה

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 668

A multi-purpose adverb with several meanings: 1. (Relative) how, in what way. 2. (Qualitative) as, so; used in comparisons, often doubled (כֹּה...כֹּה) to mean 'so...as'. 3. (Indefinite likeness) about, nearly, approximately, especially with numerals, measures, and time. 4. (Intensive) indicating completeness or a high degree: very, so much, even, extremely.

כֹּה

particle / adverb • Root כה • Strongs / High • Page 678

A demonstrative particle or adverb meaning: thus, so; now, here, there, in this or that way. It can refer to what precedes (by comparison) or what follows (in quotations). Also used specifically as a particle of time (now, so far), place (here, hither), or manner (in this manner, of this sort).

כֹּה

aramaic particle (aramaic) • Root כה • Strongs / High • Page 678

(Aramaic) The same as the Hebrew particle; hence, 'hitherto'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּה

adv. prim. • Page 309

1. Thus (Gen. 32:5). 2. Here (Gen. 31:37). 3. In reference to time, now (Ex. 7:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3541

I. כֹּה demonstrative adverb — thus, here.

Cognates:

• Biblical Aramaic כָּה
• Targum ᵑ7, Jerusalem Targum ᵑ6, Mandean כָּא here
• Syriac with prefixes: לְכָא hither, מִכָּא (Jerusalem Targum מִכָּה) hence, אֵיכָא where? (compare אֵיכָה, p. 32, and König¹)

— כֹּה absolute Genesis 15:5 + etc.

1. Of manner

thus (so most frequently, and usually pointing to what is to follow, while כֵּן points commonly to what has preceded):

• Genesis 15:5 כה יהיה זרעך thus shall thy seed be
• Numbers 6:23
• 1 Kings 2:30 כֹּה דִבֶּר יוֺאָב וְכֹה עָנָנִי
• 1 Kings 5:25
• Isaiah 24:13 (answered by בְּ, as Jeremiah 23:29)
• with a substantive: Isaiah 20:6 הִנֵּה כֹה מַבָּטֵנוּ
• Jeremiah 9:21 (si vera lectio)
• Jeremiah 23:29
• 1 Samuel 27:11

Mostly confined to particular phrases:

a. With different forms of אמר

• כה תאמר thus shalt thou say Exodus 3:14–15; Exodus 19:3; Exodus 20:22 etc.
• especially כה אמר יי֞ thus saith (or said) Yahweh Exodus 4:22; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 7:26; Exodus 8:16 etc.
• continually in the prophets, as Isaiah 7:7; Isaiah 8:11; Isaiah 18:4 etc.; Jeremiah 2:2, 5; Jeremiah 4:27; Jeremiah 6:16 etc.
• idiomatic formula אִם כֹּה יאֹמַר if he say (or used to say) Genesis 31:8; 1 Samuel 14:9–10; 1 Samuel 20:7; 2 Samuel 15:26

b. With עשׂה to do thus

• Exodus 5:15; Deuteronomy 7:5
• pointing back: Numbers 22:30; Joshua 6:14; 1 Samuel 27:11
• especially in the phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים וכה יוסיף (with variations), 1 Samuel 3:17 + (see יסף), in which כֹּה points to an imprecation understood but not expressed
• with בְּ prefixed: 1 Kings 22:20 ויאמר זה בְּכֹה וזה אמר בְּכֹה and one spake in this wise, and another spake in that wise (parallel 2 Chronicles 18:19 כָּכָה ... כָּכָה)

2. Of place

here (rare, chiefly in Elohist Source):

• Genesis 31:37 שִׂים כֹּה place it here before my brethren
• Numbers 23:15 (twice)
• 2 Samuel 18:30
• Ruth 2:8
• Repeated: Exodus 2:12 וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה and he turned this way and that way
• כֹּה ... כֹּה on this side ... on that side Numbers 11:31
• With עַד: Genesis 22:5 עַד כֹּֿה as far as here (δεικτικῶς) i.e. yonder

3. Of time

• עַד כֹּה hitherto, Exodus 7:16 (compare עַד־הֵֿנָּה), Joshua 17:14
• עַד־כֹּֿה וְעַד־כֹּֿה till now and till then, i.e. meanwhile, 1 Kings 18:45

Aramaic

I. כָּה adverb — here (Biblical Hebrew כֹּה).

Cognates:

• Targum ᵑ7, Mandean כָּא
• Christian-Palestinian Aramaic כא
• Syriac with prefixes: לְכָא hither, אֵיכָא where?

1. literally here, hitherto
   • עָד כָּֿה סוֺפָא דִי־מִלְּתָא hitherto is the end of the matter Daniel 7:28 (compare Jeremiah 48:47; Jeremiah 51:64)

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897), ii. 1, 252.

Adverb

LXX: τάδε οὕτωσ '' --- ὧδε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3541:

τάδε 367× (64.0%)

οὕτωσ 158× (27.7%)

'' 20× (3.0%)

--- 10× (1.8%)

ὧδε 8× (1.4%)

ἐντεῦθεν 2× (0.4%)

τοῦτο 2× (0.3%)

אמר אָמַר

he has said

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אדני אֲדֹנָי

inner master of myself/pedastals

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדני

ʼĂdônây

Definition

the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)

Root

an emphatic form of H113 (אדון);

Exhaustive

an emphatic form of אדון; the Lord (used as a proper name of God only); (my) Lord.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

Lord. A title used for God, whose vowel points were applied to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) to create the form יְהוָה, guiding the reader to say 'Adonai' instead of pronouncing the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲדֹנָי

noun proper • Page 25

The Lord; used exclusively of God. An ancient plural termination used to distinguish from אֲדֹנַי (my lords). Gen. 18:3; Ex. 4:10; Is. 8:7; Job 28:28.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0136:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוִ֡ה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvih

Definition

{YHWH}

Root

a variation of H3068 (יהוה) (used after H136 (אדני), and pronounced by Jews as H430 (אלהים), in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce H3068 (יהוה) as H136 (אדני))

Exhaustive

a variation of יהוה (used after אדני, and pronounced by Jews as אלהים, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce יהוה as אדני); {YHWH}; God.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3069

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוָה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

The proper name of God in the Old Testament. The vowel points are a later addition, taken from the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai), as the name was considered too sacred to be pronounced. Its etymology is connected to the verb 'to be', signifying 'the existing', 'the everlasting'.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהוָֹה

noun / masculine • Root היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 587

A characteristic name of God among the Hebrews, frequently used in post-Mosaic proper names.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Matched via consonantal key only

יֱהֹוִה

proper name • Root הוה היה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A variant vocalization of the divine name, using the vowels of אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). This form is used when the divine name follows the word אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) to avoid the repetition of Adonai's vowels.

Matched via consonantal key only

יַהְוֶה

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 591

A scholarly vocalization and proposed original pronunciation of the divine name.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κύριε θεόσ κυρίου θεὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3069:

κύριοσ 199× (74.1%)

κύριε 27× (10.0%)

θεόσ 16× (5.3%)

κυρίου 13× (4.6%)

θεὸσ 6× (1.8%)

κυρίῳ 3× (0.9%)

δέσποτα 2× (0.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

הנני הִנְנִי

behold myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הן

hên

Definition

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2005

ני

Definition

I, subject pronoun - subject: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9040

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֵן

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 398

they.

הֵן

personal pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 407

Personal pronoun of the 3rd person plural feminine, meaning 'they', often used with prepositions. Also used to mean 'themselves' or as a particle 'as much', 'as this'.

הֵן

interjection / demonstrative / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 407

A pronominal stem used as: 1. An interjection: lo! there! see that! 2. A demonstrative base for הִנֵּה: this, here. 3. A conditional or interrogative conjunction: therefore, whether, if.

הֵן

pronominal stem (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 407

Aramaic pronominal stem, same as the Hebrew הֵן II. Used as an exclamation 'lo! ecce!' or a demonstrative particle 'this, that, there'.

הֵן

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 408

A conjunction with multiple meanings based on context: on that account (propterea); interrogative, whether; conditional, if; after a negation, unless; when repeated, whether... or (sive... sive).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵן

interj. / conj. • Page 191

1. see! behold! 2. if. (Lev. 25:20; Jer. 3:1; Job 40:23; 2 Chr. 7:13). 3. whether. (Jer. 2:10).

הֵן

pronoun • Page 191

they. Used incorrectly in reference to men, Ruth 1:13.

הֵן

chald. conj. • Page 191

1. if. (Dan. 2:5, 6; 3:15). 2. whether. (Ezra 5:17). 3. whether...or. (Ezra 7:26). 4. for nonne? as a strong affirmation. (Dan. 3:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2005

II. הֵן (approximate number of occurrences: 100) demonstrative adverb or interjection — lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based.

— הֶןֿ Numbers 23:9, 24; Job 8:19, 20; Job 13:1; Job 26:14; Job 33:6, 12, 29; Job 36:5, 22, 26; הֵןֿ Job 13:15; Job 36:30; Job 41:1 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Behold, lo

• Genesis 3:22 (הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us)
• Genesis 4:14, Genesis 11:6, Genesis 15:3, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 27:11, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 30:34
• Exodus 5:5, Exodus 6:12, 30; Leviticus 10:18, 19; Numbers 17:27
• Deuteronomy 5:21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 times) and Ezekiel 18:4)
• In poetry: Numbers 23:9, 24; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 32:1; Isaiah 33:7; Psalm 51:7, 8, Psalm 68:34, Psalm 78:20, Psalm 139:4
• Proverbs 11:31 (premiss to אַף כִּי), Proverbs 24:12
• In Isaiah and Job: Isaiah 40:15; Isaiah 41:11, 24, 29; Isaiah 50:1, 2, 9, 11; Job 4:18, 15:15, 25:5 (before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9:1, 12

b. Hypothetical particle: if

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew הֵן
• Biblical Aramaic הֵן
• Mandean הין
• Palmyrene הן¹
• Syriac ܐܢ
• Palestinian Targum אִין
• Arabic إن

• Exodus 4:1 (וְהֵן לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לִי and behold = suppose they will not believe me?)
• Leviticus 25:20 (הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow = supposing we do not sow)
• Isaiah 54:15; Job 40:23; 2 Chronicles 7:13
• Stating ground for a question: Exodus 8:22, Jeremiah 3:1, Haggai 2:12 (compare Aramaic b)

c. If, whether (in an indirect question)

• Jeremiah 2:10 (רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת; Grätz⁵ suggests הֲנִהְיְתָה)
• Compare אִם 2b, and Aramaic 3

Aramaic

הֵן conjunction — if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן).

Cognates:

• Zenjirli הן
• Egyptian Aramaic הן²
• Palmyrene הן
• Nabataean הן
• Mandean הין

1. if
   • Daniel 2:6; Daniel 3:15, 17; Daniel 4:24; Daniel 5:16
   • Ezra 4:13, 16; Ezra 5:17
   • הֵן לָא (if not): Daniel 2:5, 9; Daniel 3:15, 18
2. repeated, sive ... sive, whether ... or
   • Ezra 7:26 (compare אִם 1b)
3. in indirect question, whether
   • Ezra 5:17 (הֵן אִיתַי)

See also לָהֵן.

¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1888, 404, 415.

² A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyri Discovered at Assuan (S-C Pap.), 1906.

³ Gustaf Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (D WB), 1897.

⁴ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (PS).

⁵ Heinrich Grätz, Biblical scholar.

Particle interjection, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐὰν --- εἰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2005:

ἰδοὺ 225× (47.0%)

ἐγὼ 142× (25.3%)

ἐὰν 12× (2.5%)

--- 11× (2.3%)

εἰ 11× (2.3%)

ἐγώ 11× (2.0%)

γὰρ 7× (1.5%)

ἰδού 7× (1.4%)

---% 5× (0.9%)

ἐὰν 5× (1.0%)

מצית מַצִּית־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יצת

yâtsath

Definition

to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to desolate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to desolate; burn (up), be desolate, set (on) fire (fire), kindle.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3341

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצַת

verb • Root יצת • Strongs / High • Page 636

To burn, to be set on fire, to kindle; to be burned, to perish in fire.

יָצַת

verb • Root יצת • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root (I.) that interchanges with נָצַת, showing y/n interchange.

יָצַת

verb • Root יצת • Strongs / High • Page 1226

To kindle, to set on fire, to consume.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצַת

verb • Root יצת • Page 294

1. To set on fire (Is. 9:17). 2. Passive (Niph.): to be burned or laid waste by fire (Is. 33:12, Jer. 2:15). 3. To be kindled, spoken of anger (2 K. 22:13, 17). Found only in the future, Niph., and Hiph.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3341

I. יָצַת verb — kindle, burn (intransitive) (Late Hebrew id. rare).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew יָצַת id.

1. Qal

Imperfect 3 feminine singular וַתִּצַּת Isaiah 9:17; יִצַּ֑תּוּ Isaiah 33:12; Jeremiah 51:58 (König¹); 3 feminine plural תִּצַּתְנָה Jeremiah 49:2.

• kindle, intransitive, figurative of wickedness Isaiah 9:17
• followed by בָּאֵשׁ be kindled with fire (= set on fire), of thorns (in simile) Isaiah 33:12
• of dependent towns and villages of Rabbah, under figure of daughters Jeremiah 49:2
• of gates of Babylon Jeremiah 51:58

2. Niph‘al

Perfect נִצְּתָה 2 Kings 22:13; Jeremiah 9:11 + Jeremiah 2:15 Kt (Qr נִצְּתוּ); וְנִצְּתָה consecutive 2 Kings 22:17; Jeremiah 46:19; נִצְּתוּ Nehemiah 1:3 2t. + Jeremiah 2:15 Qr.

• be kindled, figurative of wrath of יהוה 2 Kings 22:13, 17
• be burned, of gates of Jerusalem, followed by בָּאֵשׁ Nehemiah 1:3, Nehemiah 2:17
• = desolated Jeremiah 2:15 (of cities of Israel); Jeremiah 46:19
• of mountains and pastures Jeremiah 9:9
• of land (+ אָֽבְדָה) Jeremiah 9:11

3. Hiph‘il

Perfect הִצִּית Jeremiah 11:16; 1 singular וְהִצַּתִּי consecutive Jeremiah 17:27 5t.; והוציתיה 2 Samuel 14:30 Kt (< Qr וְהַצִּיתוּהָ Imperative, Gesenius²); הִצִּיתוּ 2 Samuel 14:31; Jeremiah 51:30; וְהִצִּיתוּ consecutive Jeremiah 32:29; Imperfect וַיַּצֶּתֿ Lamentations 4:11; אֲצִיתֶנָּה Isaiah 27:4 (read אַצִּיתֶנָּה König¹); וַיַָּצִּיתוּ Joshua 8:19 2t.; תַּצִּיתוּ Joshua 8:8; Imperative 2 Samuel 14:30 Qr; Participle מַצִּית Ezekiel 21:3 — kindle, set on fire.

• followed by accusative עִיר + בָּאֵשׁ Joshua 8:8, 19 (JE Source), Jeremiah 32:29 (+ שׂרף)
• field of corn + בָּאֵשׂ 2 Samuel 14:30 (twice), 31
• dwellings (without באשׁ) Jeremiah 51:30, compare Judges 9:49
• followed by accusative אֵשׁ + preposition לְ, Jeremiah 11:16 (of Jerusalem under figure of olive-tree)
• elsewhere + בְּ, Amos 1:14, והצתי אשׁ ב (hence Jeremiah 17:27; Jeremiah 21:14; Jeremiah 43:12; Jeremiah 49:27; Jeremiah 50:32); Lamentations 4:11; Ezekiel 21:3

יקב (√ of following; compare Arabic وقب be sunk, depressed; وقبة hollow, cavity).

[צוּת]

Hiph‘il

Isaiah 27:4 see יצת.

צַח see צחח. צִחָא see צִיחָא below.

צחה (√ of following; Arabic צחא (צחו) be cloudless, so Ethiopic צחוח Aramaic צְחָא, צְחִי be thirsty).

¹ König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, i. 431.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 71.

³ JE: Jehovist (Yahwist) and Elohist Source.

Verb Hiphil participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἀνάψω ἐνέπρησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3341:

ἀνάψω 4× (13.8%)

ἐνέπρησαν 3× (11.0%)

בך׀ בְּךָ׀

within yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

אש אשׁ

fire

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אש

ʼêsh

Definition

fire (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively); burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H784

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Man. Found only in the construct state in compound proper names (e.g., אֶשְׁבַּע).

אֵשׁ

noun feminine • Root אשש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 195

Fire (as an element); lightning; flame of wrath; war-fire. Metaphorically means to burn with fire.

אֵשׁ

noun masculine • Root איש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 196

Man (an abridged construct form of אִישׁ)

אֵשׁ

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 1363

Example of interchange with ר (Resh).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶשׁ

emph. אֶשָּׁא / chald. • Root אש • Page 75

Idem (same as Hebrew אֵשׁ fire). Dan. 7:11.

אֻשׁ

plur. אֻשִּׁין / chald. • Page 75

Foundation. Only Ezra 4: 12. 5: 16. 6: 3.

אֵשׁ

com. gen. • Page 75

1. fire—'fire of God' (lightening), Job 1:16. Figuratively the scorching heat of the sun, Joel 1:19, 20. 2. shining, glittering; e. g. of steel, Nah. 2:4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H784

I. אֵשׁ noun feminine Exodus 9:23 (masculine Jeremiah 48:45; Psalm 104:4; masculine is dubious: Numbers 16:18 read עָלֵיהָ for second עֲלֵיהֶם (compare B¹); Jeremiah 20:9 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §132d; Jeremiah 48:45 read (many manuscripts, Numbers 21:23) יָצָאָה; Psalm 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לְשֹׁנֹתָה, or וָלַחַט; Job 20:26 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §145u (or 121b): compare Albr ZAW xvi {1896}. 63. feminine and masculine Jeremiah 20:9; Job 20:26) — fire (Assyrian išātu COT Gloss, Syriac ܐܫܐ, Ethiopic አማር; derivatives from II. אֵשׁ, ܐܫܐ, sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 Lag BN 68 compare أَبْجَدْ, هوشب), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta §189b).

Cognates:

• Assyrian išātu
• Syriac ܐܫܐ
• Ethiopic አማር

— אֵשׁ absolute Exodus 9:24 +; construct Leviticus 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֹ Deuteronomy 4:36; Job 18:5; אֵשְׁכֶם Isaiah 50:11; אִשָּׁם Isaiah 66:24.

Meanings and Uses

a. Fire of conflagration, endangering or destroying crops

• Exodus 22:5 (compare Exodus 3:2 both E)

b. Deliberate destruction by fire

• Especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (with qamets pretonic) object golden calf Exodus 32:20 (J), other idols Deuteronomy 7:5, 25, Asherim Deuteronomy 12:3, chariots Joshua 11:6, 9; 2 Kings 23:11, house Judges 12:1; Judges 14:15, tower Judges 9:52, city-gates Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, 13, 17, city Joshua 6:24; Judges 18:27 compare Isaiah 1:7 +
• Also שִּׂלַח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1:4, 7, 10 +
• שִּׂלַח אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48 compare 2 Kings 8:12
• הִצִּית אֵת הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Joshua 8:8, 19; Jeremiah 17:27 +, compare Judges 9:49; 2 Samuel 14:30, 31 (of field, compare Exodus 22:5 above)

c. Supernatural fire, attending theophany

• Exodus 3:2; Exodus 19:18 (both J E) Deuteronomy 4:11, 12, 15, 33, 36 +
• Specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21, 22; Exodus 14:24 (all J E) Nehemiah 9:12, 19 compare Deuteronomy 1:33 (see מַרְאֵה אֵשׁ Numbers 9:15, 16 P)
• Of destructive fire from יְהוָה Numbers 11:1, 2, 3 (J) Numbers 26:10 (P) Leviticus 10:2 (P)
• Compare אֹכֶלֶת יְהוָה in simile of Yahweh's glory Exodus 24:17 (E) Deuteronomy 4:24; Deuteronomy 9:3
• See also 1 Kings 18:24, 38; 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended)
• Compare further of lightning Exodus 9:23, 24 (JE) Psalm 18:13; Psalm 18:14; Psalm 148:8 etc.

d. Fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc.

• צָלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Exodus 12:8, 9 (P) compare Leviticus 2:14; 2 Chronicles 35:13; Isaiah 44:16, 19
• Of tinder for lighting fire Genesis 22:6, 7 (E)
• Of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exodus 32:24
• For refining Jeremiah 6:29, where read with Qere מֵאֵשׁ תָּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Malachi 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of covenant)

e. Especially of altar-fire

• Leviticus 1:7 (twice in verse); Leviticus 6:2; Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 6:5; Leviticus 6:6 +
• In offering incense Leviticus 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously Leviticus 10:1; Numbers 3:4; Numbers 26:61
• Fire from יְהוָה consuming sacrifice (compare c) Leviticus 9:24; 2 Chronicles 7:1, 3
• Of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֶּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְ) 2 Kings 16:3; 2 Kings 21:6; compare 2 Kings 17:17; 2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 33:6; also יְהוָה שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ 2 Kings 17:31, יְהוָה בָּעַר בָּאֵשׁ 2 Chronicles 28:3

f. Figurative of Yahweh's anger

• Psalm 89:47 (simile) compare Nahum 1:6; Lamentations 2:4 אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36; Ezekiel 22:31; Ezekiel 38:19, אֵשׁ קִנְאָתִי Ezekiel 36:5; see also Isaiah 66:15; Psalm 79:5; Psalm 89:47 etc.
• Of word of יְהוָה Jeremiah 23:29
• Figurative of outbursting emotion Psalm 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Isaiah 9:17, etc.

g. In various combinations

• לַמִּיד אֵשׁ Genesis 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di)
• לַבַּת אֵשׁ Exodus 3:2 flame of fire, לַהֶבֶת אֵשׁ Joel 2:5, לַמִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Daniel 10:6 compare Zechariah 12:6, לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ Psalm 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Isaiah 66:15 compare לְהָבוֹת יְהוָה Psalm 105:32, לָהָבָה יְהוָה נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ Isaiah 4:5 compare Hosea 7:6
• שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41:11
• תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Psalm 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוּר אֵשׁ Zechariah 12:6
• אוּר אֵשׁ light of fire Psalm 78:14
• אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Psalm 104:4
• לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Isaiah 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 1:13 coals of fire, so Ezekiel 10:2, compare רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Song of Solomon 8:6
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 28:14, 16 see אֶבֶן
• אֵשׁ דָּת Deuteronomy 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian and late; read perhaps דֹּת [לַמִּד] אֵשׁ compare Exodus 20:18 or דֵּת [יֹקֶד] אֵשׁ compare Isaiah 65:5

II. אֵשָּׁא noun [feminine] — fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ; K §55, 5. 2b thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ; D 161 Buhl √ אשׁא compare אִשָּׁא, אִשָּׁה, Syriac ܐܫܐ).

— Daniel 7:11.

אֻשְּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא see [אֵשׁ].

¹ Vatican MS. of Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0784:

No stats available

ואכלה וְאָכְלָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

בך בְךָ

within yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

כל כָל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

עץ עֵץ־

a tree

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עץ

ʻêts

Definition

a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)

Root

from H6095 (עצה);

Exhaustive

from עצה; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks); [phrase] carpenter, gallows, helve, [phrase] pine, plank, staff, stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6086

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Root עצה • Strongs / High • Page 1118

A stick, so called from its stiffness and firmness; a stake, palus, for fastening criminals; a block, a log, as an idol; wood, as a material.

עֵץ

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1119

The stuff a thing is made of. Metaphor. a tree, with the adjectives (thick, strong, green). Also sticks of wood.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Page 520

1. A tree. 2. Wood; also a post, gibbet, or gallows (Gen. 40: 19, Deut. 21: 22). Plural 'עֵצִים' denotes logs, billets for burning (Lev. 1: 7), or timber for building (Ex. 25: 10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6086

I. עֵץ (approximate number of occurrences: 329) noun masculine — tree, trees, wood.

— עֵץ absolute Genesis 3:3 +; construct Genesis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Genesis 2:16 +; suffix עֵצְךָ Deuteronomy 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Judges 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Isaiah 7:2 +, suffix עֵצֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4, etc.

1. Tree or Trees (c. 150 times)

a. A standing tree

• Genesis 18:4, 8 (Jehovist Source) +
• Exodus 15:25 (Jehovist Source; of shrub ?)
• Jeremiah 17:18 = Psalm 1:3 (simile)
• To be felled: Deuteronomy 19:5; 2 Kings 6:6
• הָעֵצִים (apparently including vine and bramble) in allegory: Judges 9:8 (6 times in Judges 9)
• Tree of life: עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22, 24 (Jehovist Source), compare עֵץ חַיִּים figurative of source of (life and) happiness: Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4
• Tree of knowledge: עֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Genesis 2:9, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Forest trees: עֲצֵי (הַ)יַּעַר Isaiah 7:2 (simile), Isaiah 44:14; Ezekiel 15:2 +
• Field trees: עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 55:12; Ezekiel 17:24 (figurative) +
• Lebanon: עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן 2 Chronicles 2:7
• Water: עֲצֵי־מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14; עֲצֵי יהוה Psalm 104:16
• Eden: עֲצֵי עֵדֶן Ezekiel 31:9, 16, 18 (twice in verse)
• Frankincense: עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Songs 4:14
• Vine: עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ezekiel 15:2, 6
• Place of illicit worship: תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, 13; 1 Kings 14:23; 2 Kings 16:4; 2 Kings 17:10; Ezekiel 6:13; Isaiah 57:5; 2 Chronicles 28:4, compare עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Jeremiah 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Ezekiel 20:28

b. Collective trees

• עֵץ הַגָּן Genesis 2:16; Genesis 3:1, 2, 8 (all Jehovist Source); usually later: Genesis 1:12, 29 (twice in verse) (Priests' Code), +
• Fruit trees: עֵץ פְּרִי Genesis 1:11 (Priests' Code), Psalm 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5; פְּרִי עֵץ Exodus 10:15 (Jehovist Source), Ezekiel 36:30; Leviticus 23:40 (Holiness Code), compare Joel 2:22
• Edible trees: עֵץ מַאֲכָל Deuteronomy 20:20; Leviticus 19:23 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 47:12; Nehemiah 9:25
• Olive trees: עֵץ הַזַּיִת Haggai 2:19; עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nehemiah 8:15; עֵץ־שָׁמֶן Isaiah 41:19
• Thicket: סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Psalm 74:5
• Field/Forest: עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:25 (Jehovist Source) +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר Ezekiel 15:6, compare Isaiah 10:19; Isaiah 44:23
• Simile of great age: כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isaiah 65:22

c. Plural of trees felled for building

• 1 Kings 5:20; 1 Kings 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים)
• Cedar: עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 5:11 = 1 Chronicles 14:1 (7 times)
• Cypress: עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים 1 Kings 5:22 (Hebrew text says 5:22/5:24)
• Almug/Algum: עֲצֵי אַלְגּוּמִּים (see אַלְגּוּמִּים)

2. Wood or Articles of Wood (approx. 175 times)

a. Wood, as material

• For building: 2 Kings 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11 (both + id.); Nehemiah 2:8 +
• Olive-wood: עֲצֵי שָׁמֶן 1 Kings 6:23, 31, 33, compare 1 Kings 6:32
• Gopher: עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר Genesis 6:14 (Noah’s ark)
• Shittim/Acacia: עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים Exodus 25:5, 10 (20 times in Exodus of tabernacle and its furniture; all Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 10:3
• Tower/Pulpit: מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nehemiah 8:4
• Yoke: מוֹטֹת עֵץ Jeremiah 28:13 (figurative; opposed to מוֹטֹת בַּרְזֶל)
• Article of wood: כְּלִי־עֵץ Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 15:12; Numbers 31:20, compare Numbers 35:18 (all Priests' Code)

b. Articles of wood (usually plural)

• עֵצִים Exodus 7:19 (Priests' Code; alongside אֲבָנִים), 1 Chronicles 29:2
• Specifically: הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deuteronomy 19:5
• Spear shaft: עֵץ חֲנִיתוֹ 1 Samuel 17:7 Qere (Kethibh חֵץ) = 1 Chronicles 20:5; 2 Samuel 21:19; 2 Samuel 23:7
• Wood of cart: עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה 1 Samuel 6:14
• Asherah: עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judges 6:26
• Timbers: Zechariah 5:4; Habakkuk 2:11; Leviticus 14:45; 1 Kings 15:22; 2 Chronicles 16:5; Ezekiel 26:12
• Pole/Gallows: עֵץ for exposing bodies: Genesis 40:19 (Elohist Source); Joshua 8:29 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:26 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:27 (all Jehovist/Elohist); Deuteronomy 21:22, 23; in Persian period for execution: תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 (8 times in Esther)

c. Of idols

• עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, 64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Ezekiel 20:32, compare Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 3:9; Habakkuk 2:19
• Alone: עֵץ Hosea 4:12; Isaiah 40:20, compare Isaiah 44:19; Isaiah 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21

d. Fire-wood

• Joshua 9:23, 27 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 9:21 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 30:33 +
• For sacrifices: 1 Kings 18:23 (twice in verse) +; Genesis 22:7, 9 (twice in verse); Leviticus 1:7 (6 times in Leviticus; Priests' Code); עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Genesis 22:3, 6 (Priests' Code)

e. Cedar-wood

• עֵץ אֶרֶז used in purifications: Leviticus 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52; Numbers 19:6 (all Priests' Code)

f. Woody-flax

• פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Joshua 2:6 = flax on the stalk.

¹ Giesebrecht (Gie) proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for Jeremiah 10:8.

² Ezekiel 21:15 is dubious; suggestions by Siegfried, Cornill (Co), Bertholet (Berthol), and Toy include various emendations of מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ξύλα ξύλον ξύλων ξύλου ξύλοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6086:

ξύλα 90× (25.5%)

ξύλον 61× (17.8%)

ξύλων 37× (10.5%)

ξύλου 35× (10.2%)

ξύλοισ 17× (4.4%)

'' 12× (3.2%)

--- 11× (3.5%)

pἐκ 10× (3.1%)

δένδρον 7× (2.1%)

ῥάβδον 5× (1.5%)

לח לַח

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לח

lach

Definition

fresh, i.e. unused or undried

Root

from an unused root meaning to be new;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be new; fresh, i.e. unused or undried; green, moist.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3892

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לַח

adjective • Root לחח • Strongs / High • Page 780

Moist, fresh, green (of trees); juicy (of grapes); new (of ropes); young (of sticks of wood).

לַח

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 781

Moisture, juice. Belonging to Ez. 19, 10; prop. moisture, juice.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לַח

adjective • Root לחח • Page 344

plur. לַחִים, dec. VIII.1. moist, green, fresh, recens; spoken of wood, Gen. 30:3. of grapes, Num. 6:3. Also new, not used, spoken of cords, Judg. 16:7, 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3892

I. לַח (approximate number of occurrences: 6) adjective — moist, fresh, new.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܠܰܚ¹

— לַח absolute Genesis 30:37; Ezekiel 21:3; לָ֑ח Ezekiel 17:24; plural לַחִים Numbers 6:3 2t.

1. Moist, fresh

Of trees, fruit, etc.:

• לִבְנֶה לַח Genesis 30:37 (Jehovist Source)³
• עֵץ לַח Ezekiel 17:24; Ezekiel 21:3
• Grapes עֲנָבִים לַחִים Numbers 6:3

2. New

Of cords:

• יְתָרִים לַחִים Judges 16:7, Judges 16:8, probably made of fresh sinews of animal (compare Syriac ܠܰܚ¹; GFM²)

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, 1652 (PS).

² George Foot Moore, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (GFM).

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: χλωρὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3892:

χλωρὸν 2× (33.3%)

וכל וְכָל־

and every/all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

עץ עֵץ

a tree

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עץ

ʻêts

Definition

a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)

Root

from H6095 (עצה);

Exhaustive

from עצה; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks); [phrase] carpenter, gallows, helve, [phrase] pine, plank, staff, stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6086

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Root עצה • Strongs / High • Page 1118

A stick, so called from its stiffness and firmness; a stake, palus, for fastening criminals; a block, a log, as an idol; wood, as a material.

עֵץ

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1119

The stuff a thing is made of. Metaphor. a tree, with the adjectives (thick, strong, green). Also sticks of wood.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵץ

noun masculine • Page 520

1. A tree. 2. Wood; also a post, gibbet, or gallows (Gen. 40: 19, Deut. 21: 22). Plural 'עֵצִים' denotes logs, billets for burning (Lev. 1: 7), or timber for building (Ex. 25: 10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6086

I. עֵץ (approximate number of occurrences: 329) noun masculine — tree, trees, wood.

— עֵץ absolute Genesis 3:3 +; construct Genesis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Genesis 2:16 +; suffix עֵצְךָ Deuteronomy 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Judges 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Isaiah 7:2 +, suffix עֵצֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4, etc.

1. Tree or Trees (c. 150 times)

a. A standing tree

• Genesis 18:4, 8 (Jehovist Source) +
• Exodus 15:25 (Jehovist Source; of shrub ?)
• Jeremiah 17:18 = Psalm 1:3 (simile)
• To be felled: Deuteronomy 19:5; 2 Kings 6:6
• הָעֵצִים (apparently including vine and bramble) in allegory: Judges 9:8 (6 times in Judges 9)
• Tree of life: עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22, 24 (Jehovist Source), compare עֵץ חַיִּים figurative of source of (life and) happiness: Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4
• Tree of knowledge: עֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Genesis 2:9, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Forest trees: עֲצֵי (הַ)יַּעַר Isaiah 7:2 (simile), Isaiah 44:14; Ezekiel 15:2 +
• Field trees: עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 55:12; Ezekiel 17:24 (figurative) +
• Lebanon: עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן 2 Chronicles 2:7
• Water: עֲצֵי־מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14; עֲצֵי יהוה Psalm 104:16
• Eden: עֲצֵי עֵדֶן Ezekiel 31:9, 16, 18 (twice in verse)
• Frankincense: עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Songs 4:14
• Vine: עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ezekiel 15:2, 6
• Place of illicit worship: תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, 13; 1 Kings 14:23; 2 Kings 16:4; 2 Kings 17:10; Ezekiel 6:13; Isaiah 57:5; 2 Chronicles 28:4, compare עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Jeremiah 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Ezekiel 20:28

b. Collective trees

• עֵץ הַגָּן Genesis 2:16; Genesis 3:1, 2, 8 (all Jehovist Source); usually later: Genesis 1:12, 29 (twice in verse) (Priests' Code), +
• Fruit trees: עֵץ פְּרִי Genesis 1:11 (Priests' Code), Psalm 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5; פְּרִי עֵץ Exodus 10:15 (Jehovist Source), Ezekiel 36:30; Leviticus 23:40 (Holiness Code), compare Joel 2:22
• Edible trees: עֵץ מַאֲכָל Deuteronomy 20:20; Leviticus 19:23 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 47:12; Nehemiah 9:25
• Olive trees: עֵץ הַזַּיִת Haggai 2:19; עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nehemiah 8:15; עֵץ־שָׁמֶן Isaiah 41:19
• Thicket: סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Psalm 74:5
• Field/Forest: עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:25 (Jehovist Source) +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר Ezekiel 15:6, compare Isaiah 10:19; Isaiah 44:23
• Simile of great age: כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isaiah 65:22

c. Plural of trees felled for building

• 1 Kings 5:20; 1 Kings 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים)
• Cedar: עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 5:11 = 1 Chronicles 14:1 (7 times)
• Cypress: עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים 1 Kings 5:22 (Hebrew text says 5:22/5:24)
• Almug/Algum: עֲצֵי אַלְגּוּמִּים (see אַלְגּוּמִּים)

2. Wood or Articles of Wood (approx. 175 times)

a. Wood, as material

• For building: 2 Kings 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11 (both + id.); Nehemiah 2:8 +
• Olive-wood: עֲצֵי שָׁמֶן 1 Kings 6:23, 31, 33, compare 1 Kings 6:32
• Gopher: עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר Genesis 6:14 (Noah’s ark)
• Shittim/Acacia: עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים Exodus 25:5, 10 (20 times in Exodus of tabernacle and its furniture; all Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 10:3
• Tower/Pulpit: מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nehemiah 8:4
• Yoke: מוֹטֹת עֵץ Jeremiah 28:13 (figurative; opposed to מוֹטֹת בַּרְזֶל)
• Article of wood: כְּלִי־עֵץ Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 15:12; Numbers 31:20, compare Numbers 35:18 (all Priests' Code)

b. Articles of wood (usually plural)

• עֵצִים Exodus 7:19 (Priests' Code; alongside אֲבָנִים), 1 Chronicles 29:2
• Specifically: הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deuteronomy 19:5
• Spear shaft: עֵץ חֲנִיתוֹ 1 Samuel 17:7 Qere (Kethibh חֵץ) = 1 Chronicles 20:5; 2 Samuel 21:19; 2 Samuel 23:7
• Wood of cart: עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה 1 Samuel 6:14
• Asherah: עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judges 6:26
• Timbers: Zechariah 5:4; Habakkuk 2:11; Leviticus 14:45; 1 Kings 15:22; 2 Chronicles 16:5; Ezekiel 26:12
• Pole/Gallows: עֵץ for exposing bodies: Genesis 40:19 (Elohist Source); Joshua 8:29 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:26 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:27 (all Jehovist/Elohist); Deuteronomy 21:22, 23; in Persian period for execution: תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 (8 times in Esther)

c. Of idols

• עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, 64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Ezekiel 20:32, compare Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 3:9; Habakkuk 2:19
• Alone: עֵץ Hosea 4:12; Isaiah 40:20, compare Isaiah 44:19; Isaiah 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21

d. Fire-wood

• Joshua 9:23, 27 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 9:21 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 30:33 +
• For sacrifices: 1 Kings 18:23 (twice in verse) +; Genesis 22:7, 9 (twice in verse); Leviticus 1:7 (6 times in Leviticus; Priests' Code); עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Genesis 22:3, 6 (Priests' Code)

e. Cedar-wood

• עֵץ אֶרֶז used in purifications: Leviticus 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52; Numbers 19:6 (all Priests' Code)

f. Woody-flax

• פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Joshua 2:6 = flax on the stalk.

¹ Giesebrecht (Gie) proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for Jeremiah 10:8.

² Ezekiel 21:15 is dubious; suggestions by Siegfried, Cornill (Co), Bertholet (Berthol), and Toy include various emendations of מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ξύλα ξύλον ξύλων ξύλου ξύλοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6086:

ξύλα 90× (25.5%)

ξύλον 61× (17.8%)

ξύλων 37× (10.5%)

ξύλου 35× (10.2%)

ξύλοισ 17× (4.4%)

'' 12× (3.2%)

--- 11× (3.5%)

pἐκ 10× (3.1%)

δένδρον 7× (2.1%)

ῥάβδον 5× (1.5%)

יבש יָבֵשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יבש

yâbêsh

Definition

dry

Root

from H3001 (יבש);

Exhaustive

from יבש; dry; dried (away), dry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3002

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָבֵשׁ

verb • Root יבש • Strongs / High • Page 574

To be dried, withered, parched, by loss of juices and fluids of life; to dry up; to wither; to be drained or subside. Used for plants, wet objects, and figuratively.

יָבֵשׁ

adjective • Root יבש • Strongs / High • Page 574

Dry, parched, sapless; withered; dried. Figuratively: dried up, perished.

יָבֵשׁ

noun proper masculine • Root יבש • Strongs / High • Page 574

A proper name of a man, having the sense of paleness or dunness.

יָבֵשׁ

noun proper • Root יבש • Strongs / High • Page 575

The proper name of a city in Gilead, often as Jabesh-Gilead.

יָבֵשׁ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 575

A root, not used in Hebrew Kal stem. Aramaic intransitive verb with the same meaning as Hebrew יָבַשׁ (to be dry).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יִבֵּשׁ

verb • Root יבש • Page 268

To make dry, to dry up.

יָבֵשׁ

verb • Page 268

To be or become dry; spoken of rivers, the sea, earth, or plants. Also of paralysis or withering of the hand.

יָבֵשׁ

verb • Root בוש • Page 268

1. to make ashamed. 2. to be brought to shame, to be disappointed. 3. to become a disgrace, to perish. 4. to conduct shamefully.

יָבֵשׁ

verb • Root יבש • Page 268

1. dry. 2. proper name of a city in Gilead (Jabesh-Gilead), also called יָבֵישׁ.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3002

II. יָבֵשׁ (4 times) verbal adjective or participle — dry, dried.

— masculine singular absolute Nahum 1:10 (4 times); feminine singular יְבֵשָׁה Numbers 11:6; masculine plural יְבֵשִׁים Numbers 6:3; feminine plural יְבֵשׁוֺת Ezekiel 37:2, Ezekiel 37:4.

1. dried, literal only:
   • עֲנָבִים יְבֵשִׁים Numbers 6:3 dried grapes (Priests' Code; opposed to לַחִים)
   • figurative נַפְשֵׁנוּ יְבֵשָׁה Numbers 11:6 (Jehovist Source) our soul (i.e. our appetite) is dried up, namely, for want of fresh, juicy meat.
2. dry:
   • of chaff: קַשׁ Nahum 1:10 in simile of Ninevites under impending judgment; compare in figure of Job, Job 13:25
   • of tree: Ezekiel 17:24 (figurative of Davidic house; opposed to עֵץ לַח), Ezekiel 21:3 (in prediction of Judah's devastation by Babylon, opposed to id.)
   • figurative of eunuch: Isaiah 56:3
   • of the bones in Ezekiel's vision: Ezekiel 37:2–4

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ξηρόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3002:

ξηρόν 2× (21.6%)

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תכבה תִכְבֶּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כבה

kâbâh

Definition

to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger); go (put) out, quench.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּבָה

verb • Root כבה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 672

To cover, conceal, veil, envelop. Metaphorically, to put out or quench fire or light. Figuratively, to quench God's wrath or a perishing enemy.

מֶרְכָּבָה

feminine noun • Root רכב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 909

A state-chariot, military chariot, or a chariot for ceremonial purposes such as the chariot of God or a chariot dedicated to the sun.

מַרְכָּבָה

noun • Root רכב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 735

Chariot, especially the divine chariot.

רִכְבָּה

noun feminine • Root רכב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1338

A riding, perhaps a chariot (fem.).

שִׁכְבָה

noun masculine • Root שכב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1418

Effusion, of semen; hence to impregnate a woman or beast.

שִׁכְבָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1418

A pouring out, effusion (of dew or manna).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּבָה

verb • Page 307

To go out, to be extinguished (spoken of fire or light) (Lev. 6:5, 1 Sam. 3:3). Metaphorically of the anger of God (2 K. 22:17). Pi. to extinguish or put out (Is. 1:31, 2 Sam. 21:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3518

I. כָּבָה (approximate number of occurrences: 24) verb — be quenched, extinguished, go out, of fire or lamp.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic כְּבָא id. of light of eyes (rare)

— כָּבוּ Perfect 3 plural Isaiah 43:17; Imperfect יִכְבֶּה 1 Samuel 3:3, Proverbs 21:18; תִּכְבֶּה 3 feminine singular Leviticus 6:5 + 10 times; Infinitive construct כְּבוֹתְךָ Ezekiel 32:7 (versions^{1, 2, 3} and Co⁴; Masoretic Text⁵ has Pi'el).

1. Qal: be quenched, extinguished

a. Literal usage of fire or lamp

• (with negative) Of lamp (נֵר אֱלֹהִים) in sanctuary 1 Samuel 3:3
• (with negative) Of altar-fire Leviticus 6:5, 6
• Of נֵרָהּ Proverbs 31:18
• Of bodies of renegade Israelites Isaiah 66:24 (compare גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם)

b. Figurative usage

• Subject אֵשׁ figurative of contention Proverbs 26:20
• Subject fire kindled by Yahweh Ezekiel 21:3–4
• Subject wrath (חֵמָה) of Yahweh 2 Kings 22:17; 2 Chronicles 34:25; Jeremiah 7:20
• Wrath under figure of fire (אֵשׁ) Jeremiah 17:27
• Of burning land of Edom Isaiah 34:10
• Of annihilation of Yahweh's enemies Isaiah 43:17 (+ כַּמִּשְׁתָּה; "" דָּעַךְ), compare Pharaoh Ezekiel 32:7

2. Pi'el: quench, extinguish

figurative except 2 Chronicles 29:7 (of extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֺת, in temple).

• Perfect וְכִבּוּ consecutive 2 Samuel 14:7
• Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְכַבֶּנָּה Isaiah 42:3; 2 masculine singular תְּכַבֶּה 2 Samuel 21:17; וַיְכַבּוּ 2 Chronicles 29:7
• Infinitive כַּבּוֺת Song of Solomon 8:7; also Masoretic Text⁵ כַּבּוֺתְךָ Ezekiel 32:7
• Participle מְכַבֶּה Isaiah 1:31 + 3 times

Specific applications:

• Followed by נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל (figurative for life of David) 2 Samuel 21:17
• Followed by גַּחַלְתִּי (coal = family-hope) 2 Samuel 14:7 (of killing widow's only son)
• Followed by מִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה Isaiah 42:3 dimly-burning wick (figurative of spiritually weak)
• Implied object reference to wrath of Yahweh Amos 5:6; Jeremiah 4:4; Jeremiah 21:12; to people and idols Isaiah 1:31
• Followed by love אַהֲבָה Song of Solomon 8:7 (subject מַיִם רַבִּים)

¹ Septuagint (LXX).

² Syriac Peshitta.

³ Latin Vulgate.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁵ Masoretic Text (MT).

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX: σβεσθήσεται σβέσων

LXX Usage Statistics

H3518:

σβεσθήσεται 7× (36.9%)

σβέσων 3× (13.5%)

להבת לַהֶבֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

להבה

lehâbâh

Definition

{a flash; figuratively, a sharply polished blade or point of aweapon}

Root

or להבת; feminine of H3851 (להב), and meaning the same

Exhaustive

or להבת; feminine of להב, and meaning the same; {a flash; figuratively, a sharply polished blade or point of aweapon}; flame(-ming), head (of a spear).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3852

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

ב

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 212

Called Beth; signifies house, tent. The second letter of the alphabet; as a numeral is two, 2000. Often acts as an abbreviation sign.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

בְּ

preposition • Consonantal / Low • Page 214

Preposition with multiple meanings: 1) In, at (subjective sense); according to, in the manner of. 2) As (comparative). 3) With, at (accompaniment). 4) By, through (instrumentality). 5) Out of (material). 6) For (price).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

בּ־

preposition • Consonantal / Low • Page 213

Inseparable preposition: in, in the widest use of that word, nearly corresponding to the Latin 'in' (with the accusative and ablative) or to the Sanskrit locative. It expresses: 1. pure vicinity of rest (in, at, to); 2. motion near; a) in a local sense; b) in the sense of time; c) in an adverbial sense; d) before the infinitive; e) standing before certain nouns converts them into prepositions or particles.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

בְּ

aram. prepos. (aramaic) • Consonantal / Low • Page 215

in, with, by

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֶהָבָה

f. dec. xi. • Root להב • Page 341

a flame. Ps. 105:32. const. לַהֲבַת 29:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3852

I. לֶהָבָה (approximate number of occurrences: 14) noun feminine idem; — flame.

— לֶהָבָה Numbers 21:28 (13 times); לַהֶ֫בֶת absolute Job 15:30; construct Ezekiel 21:3; לַבַּת Exodus 3:3 (= לַהְבַּת; Samaritan להבת, see Di¹); plural לָהָבוֹת Psalm 105:32; construct לַהֲבוֹת Psalm 29:7; —

1. Flame

• In poetry (parallel with or following אֵשׁ, except Psalm 29:7; Daniel 11:33)
• Of fire consuming: לָהַט Dathan, etc. Psalm 106:18 (compare Numbers 16:35); wasting (לָהַט) mountains Psalm 83:15; consuming (אָכַל, בָּעֵר) chaff (in simile) Isaiah 5:24
• Of lightning (with hail) אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Psalm 105:32 (compare Exodus 9:24); לַהֲבוֹת אֵשׁ Psalm 29:7 (on text see Che²)
• Simile of judgment: אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Lamentations 2:3 (verb אָכַל); Hosea 7:6 (verb בָּעֵר); מִיַּד לֶהָבָה Isaiah 47:14 (compare Isaiah 10:17; Obadiah 18); לַהֶבֶת שַׁלְהֶבֶת Ezekiel 21:3
• Figurative of drought Joel 1:19; of locusts' ravages Joel 2:3 (verb לָהַט in both)
• Of war Numbers 21:28; Jeremiah 48:4 (both verb אָכַל)
• Of calamity Daniel 11:33 (parallel חֶרֶב); Isaiah 43:2
• Symbolic of יְהוָה's presence: נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Isaiah 4:5 (compare Exodus 13:21); לַבַּת־אֵשׁ Exodus 3:2

2. Point or head of spear

• 1 Samuel 17:7

¹ August Dillmann, Commentar zu Exodus und Leviticus (1880).

² T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms (1888).

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: φλὸξ φλόξ φλόγα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3852:

φλὸξ 6× (27.7%)

φλόξ 2× (10.3%)

φλόγα 2× (10.3%)

שלהבת שַׁלְהבֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלהבת

shalhebeth

Definition

a flare of fire

Root

from the same as H3851 (להב) with sibilant prefix;

Exhaustive

from the same as להב with sibilant prefix; a flare of fire; (flaming) flame.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7957

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁלְהֶבֶת

noun feminine • Root להב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1427

f. a flame, brightness (derived from the stem לָהַב).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׁלְהֶבֶת

noun feminine • Root שלהב • Page 675

a flame. Job 15:30. Ezek. 21: 3. [20:47.] Chald. and Syr. שַׁלְהֵב to burn. Cant. 8: 6 שַׁלְהֶבֶת־יָהּ a flame of Jehovah, i. e. a most vehement flame.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7957

I. שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת (3 occurrences) noun feminine — flame.

Cognates:

• Aramaic שַׁלְהוֺבִיתָא

— לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Ezekiel 21:3; שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Job 15:30; שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Song of Solomon 8:6.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of judgment

• Ezekiel 21:3 (in phrase לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳)
• Job 15:30

b. Of love or passion

• רִשְׁמֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Song of Solomon 8:6 i.e. Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger¹ and Jastrow² explain יָֿה here as enclitic particle).

¹ Jäger, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS) i. 471.

² Morris Jastrow, Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) xiii (1894), 111.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7957:

No stats available

ונצרבו וְנִצְרְבוּ־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צרב

tsârab

Definition

to burn

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to burn; burn.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6866

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָרַב

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1248

(not used) intrans. to glow, to burn, to be burnt (intr.), of wounds, ulcers, fig. of hot kisses, Targ. to exterminate.

צָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1249

To pierce, like צָרַד (which see), of wounds; Syr. צְרַב to prick (of thorns), whence צְרַבָא black thistle; Ar. ضَرَب to pierce, to strike, to which صَرَم also belongs.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָרַב

in niph. • Page 575

to be burned. Ezek. 21: 3. [20:47.] Kindred with שָׂרַף.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6866

I. [צָרַב] (approximate number of occurrences: 1) verb — burn, scorch.

Cognates:

• Assyrian ṣarâbu, burn
• Arabic be kindled, blaze¹
• Compare also Hebrew זרב

— Niph`al Perfect 3 plural consecutive וְנִצְרְבוּ Ezekiel 21:3.

1. Niph`al

• וְנִצְרְבוּ Ezekiel 21:3 all faces shall be scorched.

¹ Siegmund Fraenkel, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, iii. 52; Jakob Barth, Etymologische Studien, 32.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential perfect third person common plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6866:

No stats available

בה בָהּ

within herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

פנים פָּנים

faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

מנגב מִנֶּגֶב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נגב

negeb

Definition

the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be parched;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be parched; the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Strongs / High • Page 940

A dry, parched quarter; the south, the southern quarter, so called from its dryness and heat; the southern part of Palestine.

נֶגֶב

noun / masculine / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 941

The south, a dry country; the southern district of Palestine. By extension, it can refer to Judah or Egypt. Also used to mean south-storms. As an adverb, it means 'in the south' or 'southward'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Page 424

the south. the southern boundary (Josh. 15:4). on the south side (Num. 35:5). Hence אֶרֶץ נֶגֶב a south land (Josh. 15:19; Ps. 126:4). Particularly (1.) the southern part of Palestine (Gen. 20:1; 24:62; 13:3; Deut. 34:3). (2.) Egypt (Dan. 11:5 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5045

I. נֶ֫גֶב (compare Lag¹) noun masculine — south-country, Negeb, south.

— נֶ֫גֶב absolute Genesis 20:1 +; construct Joshua 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Genesis 13:14 +;

1. South-country

a. Specifically the region south of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined

(see cities in it Joshua 15:21–32), but from hills south of Hebron to Kadesh:

• אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:62 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 13:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 1:15; Joshua 15:19
• Almost as proper name הַנֶּגֶב, הַנֶּגְבָּה: Genesis 12:9; Genesis 13:1; Numbers 13:17, 22; Numbers 21:1 (all Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 34:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 10:40; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8 (all Deuteronomic Source), Numbers 33:40; Joshua 15:21 (both Priests' Code), Judges 1:9; 1 Samuel 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound ᵐ5 [argab] Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Jeremiah 13:19; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; Zechariah 7:7; Obadiah 20; Psalm 126:4 (simile), Ezekiel 21:3a (= Judah)
• נֶ֫גֶב (no article) Genesis 13:3 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 30:1; Isaiah 30:6
• Particular districts: נֶ֫גֶב עֲרָד Judges 1:16; נֶ֫גֶב יהוּדָה etc. 1 Samuel 27:10 (3 times); 1 Samuel 30:14 (twice); 2 Samuel 24:7; 2 Chronicles 28:18; Zechariah 14:10
• Towns: רָמַת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 19:8, רָמוֺת נֶ֫גֶב 1 Samuel 30:27
• Collective with plural verb = people of south-land Obadiah 19

b. Land south of Babylon

• Isaiah 21:1

c. Egypt

• Daniel 11:5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 25 (twice); 29, 40 (compare Daniel 11:43)

2. South (opposed to north, east, west)

• Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both Jehovist Source), Joshua 17:10 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 7:25; 2 Chronicles 4:4; 1 Chronicles 9:24; 1 Chronicles 26:15, 17, Ezekiel 21:3b; Ezekiel 21:9; Daniel 8:4, 9, 1 Kings 7:39; Zechariah 14:4
• Of the tabernacle: מְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exodus 26:18; Exodus 27:9; Exodus 36:23; Exodus 38:9; Exodus 40:24
• שַׁ֫עַר נֶ֫גֶב Ezekiel 46:9 (twice)
• מְּאַת נֶ֫גֶב south side or border: Numbers 34:3; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:15 (all Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:16, 28, 33
• גְּבוּל נֶ֫גֶב south boundary: Numbers 34:3; Joshua 15:2, 4; Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code)
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ on the south of: Numbers 34:4 (twice); Joshua 15:3, 7; Joshua 18:3 (all Priests' Code), Judges 21:19
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב absolute on the south: Joshua 18:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 19:34 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 14:5; Ezekiel 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנֶּ֫גֶב Joshua 15:8, Joshua 18:13, 16 (all Priests' Code)
• נֶ֫גְבָּה Joshua 15:1, 2; Joshua 18:14 (twice); Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code), 2 Chronicles 4:10; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Joshua 17:9 (Priests' Code)

— For בִּנְּרוֺת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 11:2 read נֶגֶד (ᵐ5 Di).

¹ Lagarde, Paul de, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina, 1889, p. 78 (Lag^{BN 78}).

² ᵐ5 Septuagint.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νότον λίβα ναγεβ αἰγύπτου νότου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5045:

νότον 26× (20.0%)

λίβα 20× (14.5%)

ναγεβ 10× (7.8%)

αἰγύπτου 9× (8.3%)

νότου 6× (4.8%)

λιβόσ 6× (4.7%)

λιβὸσ 6× (4.5%)

ἔρημον 5× (3.2%)

ἀπέναντι 4× (3.7%)

pκατὰ 3× (2.8%)

צפונה צָפוֹנָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צפון

tsâphôwn

Definition

properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown)

Root

or צפן; from H6845 (צפן);

Exhaustive

or צפן; from צפן; properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown); north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6828

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָפוֹן

noun masculine • Root צפן • Strongs / High • Page 1242

Properly, a district covered, dark, obscure; then, the north (the region conceived of as veiled in obscurity).

צָפוֹן

noun feminine • Root צפה • Strongs / High • Page 1243

4. (from צָפָה II) A cover, a carpet; figuratively, vault of heaven (Job 26, 7).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָפוֹן

noun masculine • Page 573

1. the north. 2. the north wind. 3. the northern hemisphere, poetically for the whole heaven. Num. 34: 7. Josh. 8: 11, 13. Gen. 13: 14. Cant. 4: 16. Job 26: 7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6828

I. צָפוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 153) noun feminine Isaiah 43:6 — north (as the hidden, dark; compare Thes Lewy¹; perhaps Phoenician צפל north).

Cognates:

• Phoenician צפל

— צָפוֹן absolute Jeremiah 26:26 +; צָפֹנָה northward Genesis 13:14 +, oftener צָפוֹנָה Jeremiah 3:12 +, also צָפוֹנָה = צָפוֹן Jeremiah 1:13 + (after prepositions and stative construct; compare GKC²); construct מִצְּפוֹן לְ Joshua 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֹן Joshua 19:14, מִצְּפוֹנָה לְ Judges 21:19; (צָפוֹן occurs oftenest in Ezekiel [46 times], Joshua [25 times], Jeremiah [25 times], Daniel [9 times]).

1. General meaning

North (opposite south, east, west):

• Genesis 13:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 27:11 (Priests' Code)

2. Specific uses and phrases

a. Boundaries and sides

• פְּאַת צָפוֹן north side Exodus 26:20; Joshua 15:5 + (see פֵּאָה)
• צֶלַע צָפוֹן Exodus 26:35
• גְּבוּל צָפוֹן north boundary Numbers 34:7, 9

b. Directional

• צָפוֹנָה toward the north Joshua 13:3
• אֶל־צָפוֹן Ecclesiastes 1:6
• אֶל־הַצָּפוֹן Ezekiel 42:1
• אֶל־הַצָּפוֹנָה Ezekiel 8:14
• לַצָּפוֹן Ezekiel 40:23
• דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן Ezekiel 40:20, דֶּרֶךְ צָפוֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5

c. The North Wind

• רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן Ezekiel 42:17, compare 2 Kings 16:14
• רוּחַ צָפוֹן Ezekiel 25:23
• צָפוֹן alone Songs 4:16

d. Remote parts of the North

• יַרְכְּתֵי צָפוֹן remote parts of north Isaiah 14:13 (as divine abode), Ezekiel 38:6, 15 + (see יַרְכָה)

3. The Quarter of Invaders

Especially of the quarter whence invaders were to come:

• Assyrians Isaiah 14:31; Zephaniah 2:13
• Babylonians Jeremiah 6:1, 22; Jeremiah 15:12; Jeremiah 46:20, 24 (עַם צָפוֹן); Jeremiah 47:2; Ezekiel 26:7
• Cyrus against Babylon Isaiah 41:25; Jeremiah 50:3, 9, 41; Jeremiah 51:48
• Gog's host Ezekiel 38:6, 15; Ezekiel 39:2
• Vaguely Jeremiah 1:14, 15 (מַמְלְכוֹת צָפוֹן); Jeremiah 25:9, 26 (מַלְכֵי הַצָּפוֹן)

4. Specific Regions and Kings

• נְסִיכֵי צָפוֹן Ezekiel 32:30 (apparently of nearer [Aramaean?] princes)
• אֶרֶץ צָפוֹן Jeremiah 31:8 region of Carchemish; but Zechariah 2:10, 6:6, 8 of Babylon
• Return of exiles מֵאֶרֶץ צָפוֹן Jeremiah 3:18; 16:15; 23:8; 31:8, compare Isaiah 43:6; 49:12
• מֶלֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן king of the north Daniel 11:6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 40 denotes successive Seleucidae

¹ Heinrich Lewy, Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (1895), 188 f.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 90e.

Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: βορρᾶ βορρᾶν '' pἀπὸ pπρὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6828:

βορρᾶ 69× (42.3%)

βορρᾶν 64× (37.3%)

'' 5× (2.9%)

pἀπὸ 4× (2.8%)

pπρὸσ 3× (2.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And say to the land of Israel, Thus said Jehovah: behold me against thee, and I brought forth my sword from its sheath, and I cut off from thee the just and the unjust.

LITV Translation:
And say to the land of Israel, So says Jehovah: Behold, I am against you and will draw out My sword from its sheath, and I will cut off from you the righteous and the wicked.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and thou shalt say to the forest of Negeb, Hear the word of the Lord; thus saith the Lord, even the Lord; Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour in thee every green tree, and every dry tree: the flame that is kindled shall not be quenched, and every face shall be scorched with it from the south to the north.