Ezekiel 21:2

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בן בֶּן־

builder/son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

אדם אָדָ֗ם

man

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדם

ʼâdâm

Definition

ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Root

from H119 (אדם);

Exhaustive

from אדם; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.); [idiom] another, [phrase] hypocrite, [phrase] common sort, [idiom] low, man (mean, of low degree), person.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H120

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָדָם

noun masculine • Root אדם • Strongs_Numbers • Page 64

Man, or collectively men, mankind; proper name of the first man, Adam.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֻדַּם

verb pual • Root אדם • Page 26

To be red-coloured. Nah. 2:4. Ex. 25:5. 35:7, 23.

אָדָם

m. prim. • Page 26

1. man, i. q. Lat. homo, and collectively men. Subordinate meanings include: (1.) other men, in opposition to those already named (Jer. 32:20; Judg. 18:7, 28; Ps. 73:5); common men (Job 31:33; Hos. 6:7; Ps. 82:7); (2.) men of inferior rank, when opposed to איש. 2. man, i. q. איש = Lat. vir, very rarely (Ecc. 7:28). 3. any one (Lev. 1:2). 4. proper name of the first man. 5. proper name of a city on the Jordan (Josh. 3:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H120

I. אָדָם (approximate number of occurrences: 560) noun masculine Genesis 1:27 — man, mankind.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אדם
• Sabean idem
• Assyrian admu, young (of bird) (Friedrich Delitzsch¹), but Theodor Nöldeke² identification with Arabic رب collective creatures

— אָדָם absolute except construct Proverbs 6:12 (compare Gesenius' Thesaurus³); (בְּנֵי (הָ)אָדָם often = plural of בֶּן אָדָם Genesis 11:5 (39 times), compare בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:4) —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. A man (= human being)

• Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:7 (twice in verse); Genesis 2:8, Genesis 2:15, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:18 +; Genesis 16:12 (27 times, Jehovist Source⁴) Leviticus 5:4 (parallel to נֶמֶשׁ) Leviticus 13:2, Leviticus 13:9 (19 times, Priests' Code / Narrative⁵) Nehemiah 2:10; Isaiah 13:12 (parallel to אֱנוֹשׁ); הַגָּדוֹל בָּהָאָדָם Joshua 14:15 (Elohist Source⁶); בְּלִיַּעַל בָּאָדָם Proverbs 6:12 (parallel to אִישׁ אָוֶן, compare 1 Samuel 25:25 and see בְּלִיַּעַל); = any one Leviticus 1:2; Numbers 9:6, Numbers 9:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Proverbs 15:20; Proverbs 21:16, Proverbs 21:20; Proverbs 24:30; Ecclesiastes 7:20 + often in Wisdom Literature, Jeremiah 2:6; Jeremiah 4:25; Nehemiah 2:12, compare בְּנֶמֶשׁ אָדָם Numbers 19:11, Numbers 19:13 +; seldom man opposed to woman Genesis 2:22 (twice in verse); Genesis 2:23, Genesis 2:25; Genesis 3:8, Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:17, Genesis 3:20, Genesis 3:21; Ecclesiastes 7:28.

b. Collective man, mankind

• Genesis 1:26; Genesis 9:5, Genesis 9:6 (3 times in verse) + (Priests' Code / Narrative 28 times) Genesis 6:1, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 6:6, Genesis 6:7 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source 24 times) Deuteronomy 4:32 (Deuteronomy Source 6 times) (on 2 Samuel 7:19 compare 1 Chronicles 17:17 see Samuel Rolles Driver⁷, Rudolf Smend⁸); distinctly = men + women Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:1; Numbers 5:6; given as name Genesis 5:2; but = warriors Isaiah 22:6 וְרֶכֶב אָדָם (parallel to מְרַשִּׁים); parallel to beasts (41 times) בְּהֵמָה Genesis 6:7; Genesis 7:23 (Jehovist Source ?) Exodus 8:13; Exodus 8:14; Exodus 9:9, Exodus 9:10 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Exodus 9:19, Exodus 9:22, Exodus 9:25; Exodus 12:12; Exodus 13:2, Exodus 13:13, Exodus 13:15 (all Jehovist Source) +; late prophets Jeremiah 21:6; Jeremiah 31:27; Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 51:62; Ezekiel 14:13, Ezekiel 14:17, Ezekiel 14:19, Ezekiel 14:21; Ezekiel 25:13; Ezekiel 29:8, Ezekiel 29:11; Ezekiel 32:13 (strike out Carl Heinrich Cornill⁹) Ezekiel 36:11; Jonah 3:8; Zephaniah 1:3; Haggai 1:11; Zechariah 2:8; Zechariah 8:10; parallel to בָּקָר Ezekiel 4:15; parallel to צֹאן, חֲמֹרִים בָּהֵמָה Numbers 31:28; parallel to idem + מִכָּלָה בְּהֵמָה Numbers 31:30 compare Jonah 3:7; parallel to חַיָּה Genesis 9:5 (Priests' Code / Narrative) compare Ezekiel 1:5, Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:10, Ezekiel 1:26, and description of כְּרוּבִים Ezekiel 10:8, Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 10:21; compare Ezekiel 41:19; parallel to trees Deuteronomy 20:19 (read הָאָדָם see August Dillmann¹⁰); opposed to God 1 Samuel 15:29; 1 Samuel 16:7 (twice in verse); Isaiah 31:3; Ezekiel 28:2, Ezekiel 28:9; 1 Chronicles 21:13; 1 Chronicles 29:1; 2 Chronicles 6:18; Malachi 3:8 compare Exodus 33:20; Deuteronomy 5:21; so בֶּן אָדָם Numbers 23:19 (parallel to אִישׁ) Ezekiel 2:1, Ezekiel 2:3, Ezekiel 2:6, Ezekiel 2:8 (87 times in Ezekiel, always addressed to prophet); בְּנֵי הָאָדָם 1 Samuel 26:19; made in God's image Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:27; Genesis 9:6 compare Ecclesiastes 7:29; as feeble, earthly, mortal Numbers 16:29 (twice in verse); Psalm 82:7; Psalm 144:3; Psalm 144:4; Job 5:7; Job 14:1, Job 14:10; compare Job 25:6 (בֶּן אָדָם) Ecclesiastes 12:5; as sinful 1 Kings 8:46; 2 Chronicles 6:36; Jeremiah 10:14 compare Numbers 5:6; Job 31:33; Hosea 6:7; of men in general, other men (opposed to particular ones) Judges 16:17 (compare אַחַד הָאָדָם Judges 16:7; Judges 16:11) Judges 18:7, Judges 18:28; Psalm 73:5; Jeremiah 32:20 +; parallel to אִישׁ Isaiah 2:9, Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17; Isaiah 5:15 compare Ezekiel 23:42 (strike out Carl Heinrich Cornill, Versions); בְּנֵי אָדָם 2 Samuel 7:14 (parallel to אֲנָשִׁים) Proverbs 8:4 (parallel to אִישִׁים); Psalm 49:3; Psalm 62:10 (both parallel to בְּנֵי אִישׁ) = men of low opposed to men of high degree — so often Phoenician and = vassal Sabean (David Heinrich Müller¹¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 680 compare 686); בְּנֵפֶשׁ אָדָם collective Numbers 31:35, Numbers 31:40, Numbers 31:46; 1 Chronicles 5:21; Ezekiel 27:13.

c. Proper name, masculine Adam, first man

• (without article, compare שָׂטָן 1 Chronicles 21:1 over against הַשָּׂטָן Job 1:6 etc.) Genesis 4:25 (Jehovist Source) Genesis 5:1, Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:4, Genesis 5:5 (Priests' Code / Narrative) 1 Chronicles 1:1. (Genesis 2:20; 1 Chronicles 3:17, 1 Chronicles 3:21 read לֹא see August Dillmann.)

d. Proper name, of a location city in Jordan valley (as built ?)

• Joshua 3:16.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch.

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, 722.

³ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae.

⁴ Jehovist Source (J).

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative (P).

⁶ Elohist Source (E).

⁷ Samuel Rolles Driver.

⁸ Rudolf Smend.

⁹ Carl Heinrich Cornill.

¹⁰ August Dillmann.

¹¹ David Heinrich Müller.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0120:

No stats available

שים שִׂים

set

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שום

sûwm

Definition

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

Root

or שים; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שים; a primitive root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically); [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7760

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 755

to put, place

שׂוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1396

Transitive verb: 1. to set (like שִׂימָה), to plant trees, to erect a monument, to build a nest, to establish, to appoint. 2. to set forth/array (warriors, troops, ambush); to subjugate (put foot on neck).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1397

To set, put, place, lay, or appoint. Senses include: 1. To set up (a pillar, throne, or door), to erect (a tent), to hang up (a curtain), to establish (a law), to arrange, to appoint, to set upon (a thing), to thrust into (prison), to put into (a place), to lay upon, to stick, to found, to create, to cause to arise, to introduce (the seat of worship), to put between, to lay under/upon, to build (lay stone upon stone), to give/take into one's hand, to put words into one's mouth, to furnish with miraculous power, to read before one, to put or lay before. 2. To set upon (dress/ornaments), to lay upon, to afflict with, to impute, to give a name, to set a thing before one's eyes (take a resolution), to put or lay down (a pledge), to commit a cause, to explain the sense, to cherish wrath (against God), to lay to heart (take heed), to take heed to the walk, to throw into, to pour out/shed. 3. To put to, add, to make (with accusative of place). 4. To direct, to turn, to direct the eye upon, to set the face upon, to have a design for, to set the mind upon, to attend to, to consider, to make (into a thing), to turn into nothing, to make as or like, to produce/prepare, to do (when God does this).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1398

II. Intransitive verb. Properly: to be veiled; hence to be obscured, darkened; metaphorically: to be impotent, weak, or to be on the left side (regarded as the weak or obscured side).

שׂוּם

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1449

hurtful. Ar. סֻמّ trans. to poison, a poisonous wind. Deriv. שְׁמִימִית (a species of poisonous lizard).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Page 635

Or שִׂים. 1. To set, place, put (e.g., to arrange an army, Job 1:17; Josh. 8:2). 2. To ordain, establish (Gen. 47:26; Ex. 21:13). 3. To appoint (Hos. 2:2; 1 Sam. 8:1).

שׂוּם

verb • Root נתן • Page 636

Continuation of entry from previous page. 4. to lay upon a person (Ex. 5:8, 22:24). Also to impute or charge to a person (Deut. 22:14). 5. to put on a garment (Ruth 3:3). 6. to place (a surety) (Job 17:3). 7. to give a name to a person (Dan. 1:7). 8. to put one's name in a place, i. e. to fix his dwelling there (Deut. 12:5). 9. to beget children (Ezra 10:44). 10. to instruct a person (Ex. 17:14). 11. to attend, consider, anim-mum advertere (Is. 41:22). 12. to lay to heart (Is. 57:1). 13. also to purpose, resolve (Dan. 1:8). 14. to direct one's face (see under פנים). 15. to direct one's eye to any one (see עין). 16. to heap up (Job 36:13). 2. to make, i. q. נָתַן (Gen. 4:15). 3. to give e. g. honour (Josh. 7:19), peace (Num. 6:26). Hiph. i. q. Kal, found only in the imper. Ezek. 21:21. Hoph. only Gen. 24:33 Keri.

שׂוּם

verb • Page 636

to set, put, place. Particularly (1.) to appoint (Ezra 5:14). (2.) to issue an edict (Dan. 3:10). (3.) to regard (Dan. 3:15). (4.) to be concerned for a person (Dan. 6:13). (5.) to name a person (Dan. 5:12).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7760

I. שׂוּם, שִׂים (approximate number of occurrences: 582) verb — put, place, set.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew סוּס
• Phoenician שם
• Assyrian šâmu
• Sabean שׂים
• Arabic شام
• Ethiopic ሠየመ
• Aramaic שׂוּם, שים

— שָׂם absolute Genesis 21:14 +; construct שׂוּם Deuteronomy 45:7; suffix שָׂמוֺ Ezekiel 17:4 +; plural שָׂמוּ Genesis 40:15 + etc.

1. Put or set in a place

a. General use in a location

• Genesis 2:8 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 28:11 (Elohist Source)
• 2 Kings 10:8 (heads in heaps)
• Leviticus 24:6

b. Put something upon or into

• Genesis 31:34 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 2:3 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 37:34 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Kings 20:31
• Zechariah 6:11 (crown on head)
• Exodus 4:15 (words in mouth)
• Judges 12:3 (figurative of risking life)

c. Set with specific prepositions (ל or לִפְנֵי)

• 2 Kings 11:16 (lay hands on)
• Job 18:2; Job 28:3 (put end to)
• Genesis 43:32 (set food)
• Exodus 19:7; Exodus 21:1 (set laws before)

d. Put between, under, or together

• Joshua 24:7 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 24:2–9 (hand under thigh)
• Micah 2:12 (put together/collect)

2. Set or direct

a. Directing a weapon or compassion

• Judges 7:22 (sword against)
• Isaiah 47:6 (compassion)

b. Direct the mind or heart (pay attention)

• 1 Samuel 9:20
• Exodus 9:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Job 1:8; Job 2:3
• Haggai 1:5, 7

c. Set the face or eyes

• Genesis 31:21 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 42:15–17
• Ezekiel 6:2
• Genesis 44:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Amos 9:4 (eyes for evil)

3. Ordain, establish, or appoint

a. Establish laws or statutes

• Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source)
• Psalm 78:5; Psalm 81:6
• Genesis 47:26 (Jehovist Source)

b. Appoint officials or rulers

• Exodus 1:11; Exodus 5:14 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 17:14–15
• Genesis 45:8–9
• 1 Samuel 8:5

4. Station or set up

a. Station at a post

• Joshua 8:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• 2 Kings 10:24

b. Set up altars, stones, or images

• Genesis 28:22 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 18:31
• 1 Kings 12:29
• Jeremiah 31:21 (guide-posts)

5. Make or transform

a. Make a thing into another (transform)

• Joshua 6:18 (Jehovist Source)
• Micah 1:6
• Exodus 14:21 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Isaiah 25:2

b. Constitute or form

• 1 Samuel 11:11 (form in bands)
• Job 1:17
• 2 Kings 17:34 (naming/setting name)

Hiph`il — וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezekiel 14:8 (I will make him for a sign); הָשׂימִי Ezekiel 21:21.

Hoph`al — וַּיּוּשׂם Genesis 24:33 (it was set before him); וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 50:26 (he was laid in a coffin).

שׂוּםָה noun feminine — token of unluckiness, scowl. 2 Samuel 13:32.

Aramaic

I. שׂוּם, שִׂים verb — set, make.

1. Pe`al make, appoint
   • שָׂם טְעֵם (make a decree) Daniel 3:10, Ezra 5:13
   • suffix שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14 (appointed to office)
   • בָּל שָׂם (set mind/attention) Daniel 6:15
2. Pe`il be made, be set
   • שִׂים טְעֵם (decree is made) Ezra 4:19, Daniel 3:29
   • שֻׂמַת Daniel 6:18 (stone was set)
3. Hithpe`el be made, be set
   • יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:24
   • יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 (be made into)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xxxvii (1883), 532.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Elohist Source.

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative Source.

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔθετο ἔθηκεν θήσομαι ἐπέθηκεν θήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H7760a:

ἔθετο 40× (6.2%)

ἔθηκεν 26× (3.9%)

θήσομαι 23× (3.5%)

ἐπέθηκεν 22× (3.2%)

θήσω 21× (3.1%)

'' 13× (1.9%)

ἔθεντο 11× (1.7%)

ἔθου 10× (1.7%)

ἐτέθη 9× (1.5%)

ποιήσω 9× (1.5%)

פניך פָּנֶיךָ

the faces of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

דרך דֶּרֶךְ

road

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דרך

derek

Definition

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Root

from H1869 (דרך);

Exhaustive

from דרך; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb; along, away, because of, [phrase] by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1870

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 377

prop. to go along, to advance, to ascend. Hence 1. intr. to go, to wander, to walk. 2. tr. to tread, to tread down, an enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּרֶךְ

noun / common gender • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

A derivative of the verb דָּרַךְ. 1. A going, walking, journey. 2. A way, path, via. 3. An accessible, level road. 4. Metaphorically, conduct, undertaking, or way of acting.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

To tread, to walk. Specific uses include treading a wine-press, stretching or bending a bow by treading on it. Figuratively, to spur, drive, urge on, or in a bad sense, to despise.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דֶּרֶךְ

com. gen. • Page 174

1. way, the place to which the way leads; 2. walk, manner of life, conduct; 3. religious walk, devotion to God, religion; 4. way, manner, method; 5. work.

דָּרַךְ

verb • Page 173

1. To tread, to tread on; often used with an accusative or various prepositions (Job 22: 15, Judg. 5: 21, Ps. 91: 13). 2. To bend or stretch a bow by resting it on the ground and treading on it (Ps. 7: 13, 11: 3, 37: 14, 1 Chr. 5: 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1870

I. דֶּ֫רֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 715) noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exodus 18:20} — way, road, distance, journey, manner.

— דֶּ֫רֶךְ absolute Genesis 38:16 +; דָּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 38:21 +; construct דֶּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 3:24; suffix דַּרְכִּי Genesis 24:42 (4 times) + 2 Samuel 22:33 דַּרְכִּו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hosea 10:13, 1 Kings 19:15; דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 5:9 (9 times); דַּרְכֵךְ Jeremiah 2:23 (8 times); דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1 Samuel 1:18, Job 28:23; דַּרְכֵּ֫נוּ Judges 18:5 (2 times); דַּרְכְּכֶם Genesis 19:2 (3 times); דַּרְכָּם 1 Kings 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, 18; plural דְּרָכִים Deuteronomy 28:7 (6 times); construct דַּרְכֵי Proverbs 3:17 (24 times); suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 (17 times), דְּרָכָ֑י Psalm 95:10 (4 times); דְּרָכֶ֫יךָ Deuteronomy 28:29 (16 times); דְּרָכֶ֫ךָ Exodus 33:13 (2 times); דְּרָכַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 3:18 (4 times); דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 7:3 (3 times); דְּרָכָיו Deuteronomy 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶ֫יהָ Proverbs 3:17 (3 times); דְּרָכֵ֫ינוּ Lamentations 3:40, Zechariah 1:6; דַּרְכֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:22 (17 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:17 (5 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. way, road, path
   • Genesis 35:3 (Elohist Source)
   • Genesis 38:16, 21 (Jehovist Source)
   • Genesis 48:7 (Priestly Code)
   • Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
   • construct way of (often = to, toward): דֶּ֫רֶךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 3:24 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁוּר Genesis 16:7 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ אֶ֫רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exodus 13:17 (Elohist Source).
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַמֶּ֫לֶךְ Numbers 20:17; 21:22 i.e. the highway.
   • Of the path of God: בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 77:20; Nahum 1:3.
   • figurative of death: בְּדֶ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2.
2. journey
   • Genesis 24:21, 40, 42 (Jehovist Source)
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֫שֶׁת יָמִים journey of three days Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 3:18.
   • go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ Genesis 19:2 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 32:2 (Elohist Source).
3. direction, toward
   • 1 Kings 8:44, 48 pray toward the city.
   • In Ezekiel (c. 28 times): דֶּ֫רֶךְ צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5; דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:10.
4. way, manner
   • a. usage דֶּ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Genesis 19:31.
   • b. customary experience דֶּ֫רֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35 (Elohist Source).
   • c. manner of Egypt דֶּ֫רֶךְ מִצְרַ֫יִם Amos 4:10.
5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings
   • Deuteronomy 28:29; Joshua 1:8; Psalm 37:5; Proverbs 3:6.
   • In summary of a king's life: 2 Chronicles 13:22; 2 Chronicles 27:7.
6. of moral action and character

   a. In general

   • הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 (Priestly Code).
   • Psalm 119:5, 59; Proverbs 16:9; Jeremiah 7:3.

   b. Of duty (commanded by God)

   • Exodus 18:20 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:6; Psalm 25:8; Isaiah 30:21.

   c. Specifically in good sense

   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה 1 Samuel 12:23.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6; דֶּ֫רֶךְ חַיִּים Proverbs 6:23.

   d. Oftener in bad sense

   • דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judges 2:19; דֶּ֫רֶךְ רָעָה 1 Kings 13:33.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שֶׁ֫קֶר Psalm 119:29; דֶּ֫רֶךְ מָ֫וֶת Proverbs 14:12.

   e. Way of Yahweh

   • (α) Creative activity: Job 26:14; Proverbs 8:22.
   • (β) Moral administration: Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 103:7; Isaiah 55:9.
   • (γ) His commandments: Genesis 18:19 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 5:30; Psalm 25:4; Malachi 2:9.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code.

⁴ Deuteronomic Source.

⁵ Holiness Code.

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1890.

⁷ J. Wellhausen, Text der Bücher Samuelis, 1871.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὁδὸν ὁδῷ ὁδοὺσ ὁδοῦ ὁδοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1870:

ὁδὸν 148× (20.8%)

ὁδῷ 125× (15.6%)

ὁδοὺσ 59× (8.0%)

ὁδοῦ 57× (7.4%)

ὁδοῖσ 54× (6.7%)

ὁδόν 41× (5.5%)

ὁδὸσ 35× (4.9%)

ὁδούσ 25× (3.3%)

ὁδοὶ 19× (2.8%)

ὁδόσ 13× (1.7%)

תימנה תֵּימָנָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תימן

têymân

Definition

the south (as being on the right hand of a person facing the east)

Root

or תמן; denominative from H3225 (ימין);

Exhaustive

or תמן; denominative from ימין; the south (as being on the right hand of a person facing the east); south (side, -ward, wind).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8486

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תֵּימָן

noun proper masculine • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 1511

(from יָמַן; prosperity) only in הֵימָן (the fortunate) n. p. m. 1 Chr. 4, 6.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֵּימָן

noun masculine • Page 714

Strictly what lies to the right. 1. The south. Ex. 26:18, 35. 2. Poetically for the south wind. Ps. 78:26; Cant. 4:16. 3. A city, district, and people in the east of Idumea, named after a grandson of Esau. Gen. 36:11, 15; Jer. 49:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8486

I. תֵּימָן (poetic, Priest's Code & Ezekiel; literally what is on the right [hand], i.e. as one faces east¹) noun feminine^{Isaiah 43:6} — south, south wind.

— תֵּימָן absolute Zechariah 9:14 (6 times) (הַתּימָן only Zechariah 6:6); תֵּמָן Job 9:9; with ה locative תֵּימָנָה Exodus 26:18 (12 times); —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. south, southern quarter of sky

• לְתֵימָן Job 39:26 (of flight of bird)
• חַדְרֵי תֵימָן Job 9:9 (of constellations)
• סַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָן Zechariah 9:14 whirlwinds of the south
• Of territory, the south Isaiah 43:6 (opposed to צָפוֹן)
• אֶרֶץ הַתּימָן Zechariah 6:6 (opposed to אֶרֶץ צָפוֹן)
• נֶגְבָּה מִקְצֵה תֵימָן Joshua 15:1 southward at the end of the south, i.e. in the remotest south (of the land)

b. with ה locative toward the south

Especially in topographical description (often with other points of compass):

• פְּאַת נֶגְבָּה תֵּימָנָה Exodus 26:18 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19
• פְּאַת נֶגֶב תֵּימָנָה Exodus 27:9, Exodus 36:33, Exodus 38:9 (all Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19, Ezekiel 48:28
• (+ צֶלַע side) Exodus 26:35; (+ יָרֵךְ) Numbers 3:29 (both Priests' Code)
• Also Numbers 2:10, Numbers 10:6 (Priests' Code)
• יָמָּה וְצָפֹנָה וְתֵימָנָה וּמִזְרָחָה Deuteronomy 3:27
• In redundant construction דֶּרֶךְ תֵּימָנָה Ezekiel 21:2 turn thy face southward (parallel דָּרוֹם and נֶגֶב)

2. South wind

• Psalm 78:26 (קָדִים in parallel clause)
• Song of Solomon 4:16 (צָפוֹן in parallel clause)

¹ Wetzstein, Verhandlungen der Berliner Anthropologischen Gesellschaft, 1878, 390.

Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: λίβα θαιμαν νότου νότον

LXX Usage Statistics

H8486:

λίβα 9× (40.2%)

θαιμαν 4× (16.9%)

νότου 2× (9.9%)

νότον 2× (6.9%)

והטף וְהַטֵּף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נטף

nâṭaph

Definition

to ooze, i.e. distil gradually; by implication, to fall in drops; figuratively, to speak by inspiration

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to ooze, i.e. distil gradually; by implication, to fall in drops; figuratively, to speak by inspiration; drop(-ping), prophesy(-et).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5197

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָטַף

verb • Root נטף • Strongs / High • Page 966

intr. to drop, to drip, to flow.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָטַף

verb • Root נטף • Page 440

To drop, to fall in drops (Job 29:22, Joel 4:18, Cant. 5:5, Judg. 5:4). Metaphorically of the lips (Cant. 4:11, Prov. 5:3). Hiph. 1. to let or cause to drop (Am. 9:13). 2. metaphorically to let flow out, as words, to speak, prophesy (Mic. 2:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5197

I. נָטַף (approximate number of occurrences: 18) verb — drop, drip, figurative (especially of discourse).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Targum נְטַף drop, drip
• Syriac נְטַף drip, drop (Nöldeke¹)
• Arabic نطף id.
• Ethiopic ነጠበ id., colare (stillando), expercolare

1. Qal

— Perfect 3 masculine plural נָָֽטְפוּ Judges 5:4 (2 times); נָטָּ֑פוּ Judges 5:4; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּטֹּף Job 29:22; 3 masculine plural יִטּפוּ Joel 3:18; 3 feminine plural תִּטֹּפְנָה Proverbs 5:3; Song of Solomon 4:11; Participle נֹטְפוֺת Song of Solomon 5:13.

a. Transitive (drop, drip)

• Of clouds dropping water (מַיִם) in storm Judges 5:4
• Parallel to heavens Judges 5:4, Psalm 68:8 (theophany)
• Of hands dripping myrrh (מוֺר) Song of Solomon 5:5
• Of mountains dripping must (עָסִיס) Joel 3:18

b. Figurative of speech

• נֹפֶת תִּטֹּפְנָה lips drop honey Proverbs 5:3, Song of Solomon 4:11
• שִׂפְתוֹתָיו נֹטְפוֹת מוֹר his lips drip myrrh Song of Solomon 5:13 (perhaps of sweet breath)

c. Intransitive

• עָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי upon them my speech used to drop Job 29:22

2. Hiphil

— Perfect 3 masculine plural וְהִטִּיפוּ consecutive Amos 9:13; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תַּטִּיף Amos 7:16; 1 singular אַטִּף Micah 2:11; 3 masculine plural יִטִּיפ֑וּן Micah 2:6; 2 masculine plural תַּטִּיפוּ Micah 2:6, תַּטִּפוּ Micah 2:6; Participle מַטִּיף Micah 2:11.

1. drip
   • וְהִטִּיפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס and the mountains shall drip must Amos 9:13 (= Qal Joel 3:18)
2. of speech, especially prophecy (without accusative)
   • With עַל against Amos 7:16 (parallel to הִנָּבֵא)
   • With אֶל toward Ezekiel 21:2, Ezekiel 21:7 (parallel to הִנָּבֵא)
   • With ל concerning Micah 2:11
   • אַל־תַּטִּפוּ יַטִּיפוּן לֹא־יַטִּפוּ לָאֵלֶּה 'talk not' — so they talk — 'they shall not talk of these things' Micah 2:6 (reference to prophets)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Compendious Syriac Grammar, trans. J. A. Crichton (1904), § 105.

Conjunction, Verb Hiphil imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσταξαν ἀποσταλάξει ἐπίβλεψον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5197:

ἔσταξαν 4× (22.5%)

ἀποσταλάξει 2× (10.4%)

ἐπίβλεψον 2× (9.6%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

דרום דָּרוֹם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דרום

dârôwm

Definition

the south; poet. the south wind

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; the south; poet. the south wind; south.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1864

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּרוֹם

noun / masculine • Root דרם • Strongs / High • Page 377

the south, the meridian region, as the region of light or the sun; the south-wind.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּרוֹם

noun masculine • Page 173

1. The south, or south country (Ezek. 40: 24, 42: 12, Ecc. 1: 6). 2. The south wind (Job 37: 17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1864

I. דָּרוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 17) (on formation compare Ol¹ § 216 a; Sta² § 295) noun masculine — south (in poetry & late).

— דָּרוֺם Job 37:17 14 times + Ezekiel 40:27; Ezekiel 40:28 (strike out Peshitta, Co³ in Ezekiel 40:27; Vulgate, Co in Ezekiel 40:28) — south.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. The south as a direction

• Ezekiel 42:18 (over against קָדִים, צָפוֺן, יָם)
• 12 times more in Ezekiel (of which Co strike out 2, compare above) Ezekiel 21:2 (= תֵּימָנָה and נֶגֶב)
• Deuteronomy 33:23 ("" יַם)
• Job 37:17
• Ecclesiastes 1:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (both opposed to צָפוֺן)

b. Specific directional phrases in Ezekiel

• דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ toward south Ezekiel 40:24 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 40:27; read also דֶּרֶךְ הַדּ Ezekiel 42:10 for דֶּרֶךְ הַקָּדִים (Septuagint, Keil, Co)
• שַׁעַר הַדּ south gate Ezekiel 40:27; Ezekiel 40:28 (compare Co above); Ezekiel 40:44 (opposed to צָפוֺן), Ezekiel 40:45 (opposed to צָפוֺן); Ezekiel 42:12
• לַדָּ Ezekiel 41:11 (opposed to צָפוֺן)
• לִשְׁכוֺת הַדּ Ezekiel 42:13 (opposed to צָפוֺן)

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

² Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

³ Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νότον ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1864:

νότον 10× (59.1%)

--- 3× (19.2%)

והנבא וְהִנָּבֵא

and prophesy

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נבא

nâbâʼ

Definition

to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse); prophesy(-ing), make self a prophet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5012

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָבָא

verb • Root נבא • Strongs / High • Page 933

(Kal not used) intr. to spring forth, to stream forth, to be poured out, to bubble up, of inspired human discourse; hence to discourse, to speak, to propound, to announce.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָבָא

verb • Page 421

to deliver an oracle from God, to speak as God's ambassador; to prophesy or predict future events; also to sing songs or hymns under divine inspiration. In Hithpa., also to act like a madman or rave in ecstatic frenzy. References: Jer. 23:21; Joel 3:1; 1 K. 22:8; 1 Sam. 18:10; 10:11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5012

I. נָבָא (verb denominative; in oldest forms, of religious ecstasy with or without song and music; later, essentially religious instruction, with occasional predictions) — prophesy.

Cognates:

• Biblical Hebrew נָבָא idem
• Assyrian nabû (compare Bewer¹)

— נָבָא Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִבֵּא Jeremiah 20:1 (7 times); 2 masculine singular נִבֵּאתָ Jeremiah 20:6 (2 times); נִבֵּיתָ Jeremiah 26:9; 1 singular נִבֵּאתִי Ezekiel 37:7; 3 plural נִבֵּאוּ Jeremiah 2:8 (3 times); נִבָּ֑אוּ Jeremiah 23:21; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנָּבֵא Amos 3:8 (9 times); Imperative הִנָּבֵא Amos 7:15 (27 times); Infinitive הִנָּבֵא Amos 7:13; suffix הִנָָּֽבְאוֺ Zechariah 13:3; הִנָָּֽבְאֹתוֺ Zechariah 13:4 (+ 4 times); Participle נִבָּא Jeremiah 26:18 (20 times).

1. Niph`al meanings

a. In the ecstatic state, with song and music

• 1 Samuel 10:11
• 1 Samuel 19:20
• 1 Chronicles 25:1, 2, 3 (with music)

b. The word of Yahweh

• Absolute: Amos 2:12; Amos 3:8 (emended יחרד We Now needless); Amos 7:12–13; Joel 3:1; Jeremiah 19:14; Jeremiah 26:18; Jeremiah 28:9; Jeremiah 32:3; Ezekiel 11:13; Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 21:19; Ezekiel 37:7; Ezekiel 38:17
• Especially in phrase הִנָּבֵא וֶאַמַדְתָּ: Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 21:14; Ezekiel 21:33; Ezekiel 30:2; Ezekiel 34:2; Ezekiel 36:3; Ezekiel 37:7, 12; Ezekiel 38:14, 17
• With accusative: Jeremiah 20:1; Jeremiah 25:30; Jeremiah 28:6
• Followed by עַל (against): Amos 7:16; Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 26:20; Ezekiel 4:7; Ezekiel 11:4; Ezekiel 13:17; Ezekiel 25:2; Ezekiel 28:21; Ezekiel 29:2; Ezekiel 34:2; Ezekiel 35:2; Ezekiel 36:6; Ezekiel 38:2; Ezekiel 39:1; (unto) Ezekiel 37:4
• Followed by אֶל (unto): Amos 7:15; Jeremiah 26:11–12; Jeremiah 28:8; Ezekiel 36:1; Ezekiel 37:9; (against) Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 13:2; Ezekiel 21:2, 7
• In the name of Yahweh (בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה): Jeremiah 11:21; Jeremiah 14:15; Jeremiah 23:25; Jeremiah 26:9

2. Of false prophets (Niph`al)

• Absolute: Jeremiah 23:21; Ezekiel 13:2; Zechariah 13:3 (twice); Zechariah 13:4
• With accusative: 1 Kings 22:12; 2 Chronicles 18:11
• With שֶׁקֶר (falsely): Jeremiah 14:14; Jeremiah 23:25; Jeremiah 27:10, 14, 16; Jeremiah 29:21; לַשָּׁ֑קֶר Jeremiah 27:15; בַּשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 20:6; Jeremiah 29:9
• Prophets of a lie (נִבְּאֵי הַשּׁ): Jeremiah 23:26; compare Jeremiah 23:32
• With לְ: Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 23:16; Jeremiah 27:15, 16; Jeremiah 29:31; Jeremiah 37:19
• Followed by אֶל (concerning): Ezekiel 13:16

3. Of heathen prophets

• By Baal (בַּבַּעַל): Jeremiah 2:8

— Hithpa`el Perfect 2 masculine singular הִתְנַבִּיתָ 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 singular הִנַּבֵּאתִי Ezekiel 37:10; Imperfect יִתְנַבֵּא 1 Samuel 10:10 (7 times); 3 masculine plural יִתְנַבְּאוּ Numbers 11:25 (5 times); Imperative הִנַּבְּאוּ Jeremiah 23:13; Infinitive הִתְנַבּוֺת 1 Samuel 10:13; Participle מִתְנַבֵּא Jeremiah 26:20 (9 times).

1. Hithpa`el meanings

a. In the ecstatic state

• Numbers 11:25, 26, 27 (Yahwist Source)
• With music: 1 Samuel 10:5, 6, 10, 13
• In frenzy: 1 Samuel 19:20, 21 (twice), 23, 24
• Excited to violence: 1 Samuel 18:10 (= מְשֻׁגָּע mad 2 Kings 9:11); Jeremiah 29:26

b. Apart from ecstatic state

• Absolute: Ezekiel 37:10
• With לְ: 1 Kings 22:8; Jeremiah 29:27
• With עַל: 1 Kings 22:18; 2 Chronicles 18:17, 7; 2 Chronicles 20:37
• In the name of Yahweh (בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה): Jeremiah 26:20

2. Of heathen prophets of Baal in ecstatic state

• 1 Kings 18:29
• בַּבַּעַל: Jeremiah 23:13

3. Of false prophets (Hithpa`el)

• 1 Kings 22:10; 2 Chronicles 18:9
• Jeremiah 14:14
• Ezekiel 13:17

¹ Bewer, Amos. J. Semitic Lang., Jan. 1902. Compares Assyrian nabû, "tear away, lead forcibly", hence prophets as carried away by divine frenzy, ecstasy.

Conjunction, Verb Niphal imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: προφήτευσον προφητεύουσιν ἐπροφήτευον ἐπροφήτευσεν προφητεύσεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5012:

προφήτευσον 27× (24.2%)

προφητεύουσιν 11× (10.0%)

ἐπροφήτευον 7× (6.4%)

ἐπροφήτευσεν 7× (6.0%)

προφητεύσεισ 6× (5.1%)

ἐπροφήτευσαν 6× (4.9%)

προφητεύων 4× (3.7%)

προφητεῦσαι 4× (3.0%)

προφητεύει 3× (2.8%)

--- 3× (2.8%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

יער יַעַר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יער

yaʻar

Definition

a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to thicken with verdure;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to thicken with verdure; a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees); (honey-) comb, forest, wood.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3293

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעַר

noun proper masculine • Root יער • Strongs / High • Page 623

A forest; also a masculine proper name.

יַעַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 627

(not used) intransitive verb, same as יָרָה III.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעַר

m. plur. • Page 291

I. a wood, forest. Deut. 19: 5; Josh. 17: 15, 18. Also mentioned as 'the house of the forest of Lebanon' (the arsenal of king Solomon). 1 K. 7: 2.

יַעַר

noun masculine • Page 291

II. a honey-comb, favus mellis. Cant. 5: 1; 1 Sam. 14: 27.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3293

II. יַ֫עַר noun masculine — honeycomb.

— יַ֫עַר absolute 1 Samuel 14:25, 1 Samuel 14:26; suffix יַעְרִי Songs 5:1.

honeycomb, containing honey 1 Samuel 14:25 (where read וְיַעַר הָיָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה with ᵐ5 We Dr Kit in Kau^AT,¹ instead of see as in MT); וַיָּבֹא הָעָם אֶל־הַיַּעַר 1 Samuel 14:26 (+ דְּבַשׁ 1 Samuel 14:25) and when the people came to the honeycomb behold its bees had departed (see ᵐ5 We Dr Kit VB); אָכַלְתִּי יַעְרִי עִם־דִּבְשִׁי Songs 5:1; see also I. יַעֲרָה.

¹ E. Kautzsch (ed.), Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments (1894).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: δρυμοῦ δρυμῷ δρυμὸν δρυμὸσ pἐν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3293a:

δρυμοῦ 21× (33.3%)

δρυμῷ 9× (12.9%)

δρυμὸν 7× (10.9%)

δρυμὸσ 4× (5.9%)

pἐν 3× (5.5%)

δρυμοῖσ 2× (2.6%)

βουνοὶ 2× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (2.3%)

השדה הַשָּׂדֶה

the Field

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שדה

sâdeh

Definition

a field (as flat)

Root

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out;

Exhaustive

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat); country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

(from שָׂדַד II.; only pl. שָׂדִים) m. a wide-stretching plain, a tract of land, prop. an extension; hence the pl. שָׂדִים (open fields, plains).

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1386

1. A field, opposed to a city, village, or camp; the open field, belonging to the land; of animals, wild, untamed. 2. Metaphorically, the field surrounding a city, district, or territory belonging to a city; open country, in opposition to the metropolis.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדָה

chald. ithpa. • Page 657

to exert one's self, construed with לְ. Dan. 6: 15.

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדה • Page 634

1. a field, cultivated ground. Gen. 23:17. 2. a field generally, e.g. beasts of the field. Is. 43:20. 3. a country, territory. Gen. 14:7. 4. plain, e.g. שְׂדֵה-אֲרָם plain of Syria. Hos. 12:13.

שִׁדָּה

noun feminine • Root שד • Page 656

Literally a lady, princess; whence a wife or concubine. Found in Ecc. 2: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7704

I. שָׂדַי (rare original form of שָׂדֶה, only in poetry) noun masculine Psalm 96:12 — field, land.

— שׂ absolute Jeremiah 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hosea 10:4 + etc.

1. Cultivated field

• Hosea 12:12
• Hosea 10:4 (but see Nowack)
• yielding food Deuteronomy 32:13; Lamentations 4:9
• שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ Jeremiah 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field

2. Home of wild beasts

• בְּהֵמוֺת שׂ Psalm 8:8; Joel 2:22
• חַיְתוֺ שׂ Isaiah 56:9; Psalm 104:11
• זִזִ שׂ Psalm 50:11; Psalm 80:14

3. Plain, opposite mountain

• Jeremiah 18:14 (but dubious, Cornill and Duhm suggest שִׂרְיֹן)

4. Land, opposed to sea

• Psalm 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; parallel תֵּבֵל Psalm 98:7)

---

II. שָׂדֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 318) noun masculine Leviticus 27:24 id. (ordinary contracted form¹).

— שׂ absolute Genesis 2:5 +; construct שְׂדֵה Genesis 14:7 +; suffix שָׂדִי Jeremiah 32:7, 8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deuteronomy 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 24:19; Leviticus 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֺת 1 Samuel 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֺת Nehemiah 12:29; also שְׂדֵי 2 Samuel 1:21; Isaiah 32:12; Ruth 1:1 (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה²; but see Kö³); suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nehemiah 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1 Kings 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micah 2:4.

1. Open field, country

a. Pasture-land

• Genesis 29:2; Genesis 30:16; Exodus 9:3 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 11:15; 1 Samuel 11:5

b. Unfrequented / Exposed

• Genesis 24:63, 65
• exposed to violence Genesis 4:8 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:6; Deuteronomy 22:25–27
• exposed to wild beasts Exodus 22:30 (Elohist Source); Ezekiel 33:27

c. Specifically home of beasts

• 2 Samuel 17:8; Jeremiah 14:5
• phrase חַיַּת הַשּׂ Genesis 2:19, 20; Genesis 3:1, 14 (Jehovist Source)
• wild beasts Exodus 23:11, 29 (Elohist Source); Hosea 2:14; Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
• hunting-ground Genesis 25:29; Genesis 27:3 (+ אִישׁ שׂ Genesis 25:27)

d. Yielding plants and trees

• Genesis 30:14; Exodus 10:5; 2 Kings 4:39
• phrase עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:18; עֵץ הַשּׂ Exodus 9:25

e. Stony

• אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ Job 5:23

f. Outside of walled city

• Judges 9:32; 1 Samuel 20:5; Micah 4:10
• battle-ground Joshua 8:24 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 10:8
• opposed to city 1 Kings 14:11; Jeremiah 14:18
• nearly = outdoors Exodus 1:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 13:9
• phrase לְפָנֵי הַשּׂ 2 Kings 9:37; Ezekiel 29:5

g. Expanse of country, opposed to mountain

• מְרוֺמֵי שׂ Judges 5:18
• הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ Jeremiah 17:3 (of Jerusalem, dubious)

2. Definite portion of ground, field, land

a. Cultivated ground

• Genesis 37:7 (Elohist Source); Genesis 47:24 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 22:4; Leviticus 27:16 (Priests' Code)
• שָׂדֶה טוֺב Ezekiel 17:8 good soil

b. As private property

• Micah 5:2; Isaiah 5:8
• Genesis 23:9, 11, 13 (Priests' Code)

c. City-land, adjacent to town

• Genesis 41:48 (Elohist Source); Leviticus 25:34 (Priests' Code)
• specifically of Zoan Psalm 78:12, 43

d. Territory of nation or tribe

• Genesis 32:4; Numbers 21:20 (Jehovist/Elohist Sources)
• Judges 5:4; Ruth 1:1, 2

e. Territory of king

• 2 Samuel 9:7; 2 Samuel 13:30

3. Land, opposed to sea

• 1 Chronicles 16:32 (opposed to הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Psalm 96:12)
• perhaps mainland Ezekiel 26:6, 8

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910, § 84 a f (GKC).

² Compare J. Barth, ZMG xlii (1888), 351; SS; Buhl.

³ E. König, Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 1, 77.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγροῦ ἀγρῷ ἀγρὸν πεδίῳ πεδίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7704b:

ἀγροῦ 79× (23.4%)

ἀγρῷ 44× (11.4%)

ἀγρὸν 32× (9.5%)

πεδίῳ 29× (7.1%)

πεδίου 23× (6.6%)

πεδίον 15× (4.0%)

ἀγρόν 13× (3.7%)

pεἰσ 11× (3.7%)

ἀγροὶ 9× (2.7%)

ἀγροὺσ 8× (2.4%)

נגב נֶגֶב׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נגב

negeb

Definition

the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be parched;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be parched; the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Strongs / High • Page 940

A dry, parched quarter; the south, the southern quarter, so called from its dryness and heat; the southern part of Palestine.

נֶגֶב

noun / masculine / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 941

The south, a dry country; the southern district of Palestine. By extension, it can refer to Judah or Egypt. Also used to mean south-storms. As an adverb, it means 'in the south' or 'southward'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Page 424

the south. the southern boundary (Josh. 15:4). on the south side (Num. 35:5). Hence אֶרֶץ נֶגֶב a south land (Josh. 15:19; Ps. 126:4). Particularly (1.) the southern part of Palestine (Gen. 20:1; 24:62; 13:3; Deut. 34:3). (2.) Egypt (Dan. 11:5 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5045

I. נֶ֫גֶב (compare Lag¹) noun masculine — south-country, Negeb, south.

— נֶ֫גֶב absolute Genesis 20:1 +; construct Joshua 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Genesis 13:14 +;

1. South-country

a. Specifically the region south of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined

(see cities in it Joshua 15:21–32), but from hills south of Hebron to Kadesh:

• אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב Genesis 20:1 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:62 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 13:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 1:15; Joshua 15:19
• Almost as proper name הַנֶּגֶב, הַנֶּגְבָּה: Genesis 12:9; Genesis 13:1; Numbers 13:17, 22; Numbers 21:1 (all Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 34:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 10:40; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8 (all Deuteronomic Source), Numbers 33:40; Joshua 15:21 (both Priests' Code), Judges 1:9; 1 Samuel 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound ᵐ5 [argab] Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Jeremiah 13:19; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; Zechariah 7:7; Obadiah 20; Psalm 126:4 (simile), Ezekiel 21:3a (= Judah)
• נֶ֫גֶב (no article) Genesis 13:3 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 30:1; Isaiah 30:6
• Particular districts: נֶ֫גֶב עֲרָד Judges 1:16; נֶ֫גֶב יהוּדָה etc. 1 Samuel 27:10 (3 times); 1 Samuel 30:14 (twice); 2 Samuel 24:7; 2 Chronicles 28:18; Zechariah 14:10
• Towns: רָמַת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 19:8, רָמוֺת נֶ֫גֶב 1 Samuel 30:27
• Collective with plural verb = people of south-land Obadiah 19

b. Land south of Babylon

• Isaiah 21:1

c. Egypt

• Daniel 11:5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 25 (twice); 29, 40 (compare Daniel 11:43)

2. South (opposed to north, east, west)

• Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both Jehovist Source), Joshua 17:10 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 7:25; 2 Chronicles 4:4; 1 Chronicles 9:24; 1 Chronicles 26:15, 17, Ezekiel 21:3b; Ezekiel 21:9; Daniel 8:4, 9, 1 Kings 7:39; Zechariah 14:4
• Of the tabernacle: מְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exodus 26:18; Exodus 27:9; Exodus 36:23; Exodus 38:9; Exodus 40:24
• שַׁ֫עַר נֶ֫גֶב Ezekiel 46:9 (twice)
• מְּאַת נֶ֫גֶב south side or border: Numbers 34:3; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:15 (all Priests' Code), Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:16, 28, 33
• גְּבוּל נֶ֫גֶב south boundary: Numbers 34:3; Joshua 15:2, 4; Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code)
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ on the south of: Numbers 34:4 (twice); Joshua 15:3, 7; Joshua 18:3 (all Priests' Code), Judges 21:19
• מִנֶּ֫גֶב absolute on the south: Joshua 18:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 19:34 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 14:5; Ezekiel 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנֶּ֫גֶב Joshua 15:8, Joshua 18:13, 16 (all Priests' Code)
• נֶ֫גְבָּה Joshua 15:1, 2; Joshua 18:14 (twice); Joshua 18:19 (all Priests' Code), 2 Chronicles 4:10; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Joshua 17:9 (Priests' Code)

— For בִּנְּרוֺת נֶ֫גֶב Joshua 11:2 read נֶגֶד (ᵐ5 Di).

¹ Lagarde, Paul de, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina, 1889, p. 78 (Lag^{BN 78}).

² ᵐ5 Septuagint.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νότον λίβα ναγεβ αἰγύπτου νότου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5045:

νότον 26× (20.0%)

λίβα 20× (14.5%)

ναγεβ 10× (7.8%)

αἰγύπτου 9× (8.3%)

νότου 6× (4.8%)

λιβόσ 6× (4.7%)

λιβὸσ 6× (4.5%)

ἔρημον 5× (3.2%)

ἀπέναντι 4× (3.7%)

pκατὰ 3× (2.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Son of man, set thy face to Jerusalem, and drop to the holy places, and prophesy to the land of Israel;

LITV Translation:
Son of man, set your face against Jerusalem and drop a word toward the holy places, and prophesy against the land of Israel.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Son of man, set thy face against Thaeman, and look toward Darom, and prophesy against the chief forest of Negeb,