Ezekiel 18:17

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מעני מֵעָנִ֞י

from a depression

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עני

ʻânîy

Definition

depressed, in mind or circumstances

Root

from H6031 (ענה); (practically the same as H6035 (ענו), although the margin constantly disputes this, making H6035 (ענו) subjective and objective);

Exhaustive

from ענה; (practically the same as ענו, although the margin constantly disputes this, making ענו subjective and objective); depressed, in mind or circumstances; afflicted, humble, lowly, needy, poor.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6041

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָנִי

prop. part. pass. m. • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1112

An oppressed, suffering, wretched one; a pious, patient one; a humble one (all various significations of the verb).

עָנִי

adjective • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1113

Poor, wretched, afflicted, humble, depressed (in pause עָנִי, with suff. עָנִיּוֹ, עָנִיֵּינוּ, עָנִיִּים, עָנִיּוֹת). A peaceful, meek, patient one; an oppressed one; a banished one; a disquieted one; a pious, innocent one. Generally used in all the various meanings of the verb.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָנָי , עָנִי

verb • Root ענה • Page 517

1. poor, helpless; often in reference to national distresses of the Israelites (Ex. 22:24, Deut. 24:12). 2. humble, lowly (Zech. 9:9). Verbal from עָנָה no. II.

עָנִי

adjective • Root ענה • Page 517

1. afflicted, oppressed, poor, unhappy (Ps. 9:13, 10:12). 2. meek (Num. 12:3). Verbal from עָנָה no. II.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6041

I. עָנִי (approximate number of occurrences: 80) adjective — poor, afflicted, humble.

— עָנִי absolute Deuteronomy 24:12 (51 times); plural עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 3:15 (6 times); construct עֲנִיֵּי Isaiah 10:2 (4 times); suffix עֲנִיֶּיךָ Psalm 72:2, Psalm 74:19, עֲנִיֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 15:11, עֲנִיָּו Isaiah 49:13; feminine singular עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21, Isaiah 54:11 (+ Isaiah 10:30, but read עֲנִיהָ).

1. Poor, needy

• Deuteronomy 15:11; Deuteronomy 24:14–15; Proverbs 31:20 (+ אֶבְיוֹן)
• Job 24:9 (+ יָתוֹם)
• Exodus 22:24 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 24:12
• Having right to gleanings: Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22 (Holiness Code)
• יְמֵי עָנִי Proverbs 15:15; Proverbs 14:21 (Kethibh)

2. Poor and weak

Oppressed by the rich and powerful:

• Isaiah 3:14–15; Isaiah 32:7 (Qere); Isaiah 58:7
• Isaiah 29:12; Isaiah 36:6, 15
• Proverbs 30:14; Ecclesiastes 6:8
• Ezekiel 18:17; Zechariah 7:10; Job 24:4; Amos 8:4 (Qere)
• Job 34:28; Proverbs 22:22 (+ דַּל)
• עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Isaiah 10:2
• עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן Job 24:14; Proverbs 31:9; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 22:29

3. Poor, weak, afflicted Israel

Or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself:

• Psalm 10:2, 9 (twice); Psalm 14:6; Psalm 102:1
• Isaiah 14:32; Habakkuk 3:14
• Of Zion: עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21; Isaiah 54:11
• שֹׁד עֲנִיִּים Psalm 12:6; יָחִיד וְעָנִי Psalm 25:16
• עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן Psalm 35:10; Psalm 37:14; Psalm 40:18 (= Psalm 70:6); Psalm 74:21; Psalm 86:1; Psalm 109:16, 22; Isaiah 41:17
• עָנִי וְכוֹאֵב Psalm 69:30; עָנִי וָרָשׁ Psalm 82:3; עֱנוּת עָנִי Psalm 22:25; עָנִי וְגֹוֵעַ Psalm 88:16
• Isaiah 26:6; Zephaniah 3:12 (+ דַּל)
• עָנִי וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2
• Zechariah 11:7, 11 (see כְּנַעֲנִי)
• God's care for them: Psalm 9:13 (Kethibh); Psalm 9:19 (Qere); Psalm 10:12 (Kethibh); Psalm 74:19; compassions Isaiah 49:13; saves Psalm 34:7; delivers Psalm 35:10; bestows favors Psalm 68:11; Psalm 140:13
• The king judges/delivers: Psalm 72:2, 4, 12

4. Humble, lowly

• Zechariah 9:9 (victorious king)
• Opposed to לֵצִים Proverbs 3:34 (Kethibh)
• Opposed to גֵּאִים Proverbs 16:19 (Kethibh)
• עַם עָנִי opposed to רָמוֹת עֵינַיִם Psalm 18:28 = 2 Samuel 22:28

¹ Elohist Source.

² Holiness Code.

³ Kethibh (written version of the Hebrew text).

⁴ Qere (reading version of the Hebrew text).

Prep-M, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: πτωχὸν πτωχὸσ πτωχοῦ πτωχόσ πένητα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6041:

πτωχὸν 9× (11.7%)

πτωχὸσ 7× (9.4%)

πτωχοῦ 5× (6.2%)

πτωχόσ 4× (5.1%)

πένητα 4× (5.1%)

πτωχῶν 4× (5.1%)

πενήτων 4× (4.9%)

πτωχῷ 4× (4.7%)

ταπεινὸν 3× (3.9%)

πτωχοὺσ 3× (3.7%)

השיב הֵשִׁיב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Verb Hiphil perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

ידו יָד֗וֹ

hand of himself/they cast

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יד

yâd

Definition

a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),

Root

a primitive word; in distinction from H3709 (כף), the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows)

Exhaustive

a primitive word; in distinction from כף, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows); a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),; ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3027

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָד

noun / feminine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 577

The hand, as that which lays hold of or seizes. Can also refer to the arm. It is used in a wide variety of metaphorical and technical senses, including assistance, power, custody, and human cooperation. Dual form: יָדַיִם, plural form: יָדוֹת.

יָד

noun / feminine • Root יד • Strongs / High • Page 578

The hand. It is used in a wide variety of literal and figurative senses, including: force, violence; divine power, punishment, or inspiration (the 'hand of God'); a sign of assurance or a pledge ('giving the hand'); a medium of action or agency; guidance and oversight; possession; power and might; mediation ('by the hand of').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָד

com. gen. • Page 270

1. The hand. Phrases include: assisting someone (1 Sam. 22:17), divine destruction (Ex. 9:3), divine inspiration or prophecy (Ezek. 1:3, Jer. 15:17), promising or striking hands (Ezra 10:19), and submission (2 Chr. 30:8, Ezek. 17:18). 2. Metaphorical uses: without human aid (Dan. 8:25), from generation to generation (Prov. 11:21). 3. Prepositional combinations: 'in the hand of' or 'by' (1 Sam. 14:34), 'through' (Num. 15:23), 'into the power or charge of' (Gen. 9:2, Ps. 95:7), 'before' (1 Sam. 21:14), and 'because of' (Job 8:4, Is. 64:6).

יָד

noun • Page 271

Definitions continued from previous page: 1. into the hand or hands of any one; through (Jer. 18:21). Plur. יָדוֹת: artificial hands, tenons, axle-trees. 2. the arm. 3. metaphorically, might, power, aid (Ex. 14:30, Deut. 32:36). 4. manner (1 K. 10:13, Ezra 3:10). 5. side, near (1 Sam. 19:3). Dual יָדַיִם: sides. Plur. יָדוֹת: ledges, side railings. 6. place (Deut. 23:13). 7. part (Dan. 12:7). 8. a monument, trophy (1 Sam. 15:12).

יָד

noun • Root יד • Page 271

Chaldee; equivalent to Hebrew יָד, hand. Emphatic state: יְדָא.

יָד

noun • Page 282

Mentioned in 1 Sam. 4:13 Kethib as an evident corruption for יַד (on the side), which stands in the Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3027

I. יָד (approximate number of occurrences: 1604) noun feminine (occasionally masculine Exodus 17:12) — hand.

Cognates:

• Aramaic יְדָא
• Zinjirli יד
• Arabic يد
• Sabean יד
• Ethiopic እድ
• Assyrian idu (strength)

— יָד absolute Genesis 38:28 +; construct יַד Genesis 41:35 +; suffix יָדִי Genesis 14:22 +, יָֽדְךָ Genesis 22:12 +, יֶדְכֶם Genesis 9:2 +; dual יָדַיִם Genesis 34:21 +, construct יְדֵי Genesis 24:30 +; plural יָדוֺת Genesis 43:24 +, suffix יְדֹתָיו Exodus 26:19 + etc.

1. Hand of man

Literally of the human hand Genesis 3:22; Genesis 4:11.

a. Specifically right or left hand

• Right hand יַד יְמִינ(וֺ) Genesis 48:17 (JE); Judges 7:20; Psalm 73:23
• Left hand יַד שְׂמאֹל(וֺ) Judges 3:21; Ezekiel 39:8

b. Specific parts or items on hand

• Palms of hands כַּמּוֺת יָדָיו 1 Samuel 5:4; 2 Kings 9:35
• Armpits אַצִּילוֺת יָדֶיךָ Jeremiah 38:12
• Thumbs בֹּהֶן יָדָיו Exodus 29:20 (Priests' Code)
• Bracelets on wrists Genesis 24:22 (J)

c. The hand in use

• Arms of the hands זְרֹעֵי יָדָיו Genesis 49:24
• Filling the hand (consecration as priest) מִלֵּא יַד Judges 17:5, 12; Exodus 28:41
• To stretch out the hand שָׁלַח יַד לְ Judges 5:26; בְּ in hostile sense 1 Samuel 24:7

d. Special phrases and idioms

• Kissing with the hand Job 31:27
• Silence (hand on mouth) Job 40:4; Micah 7:16
• Taking an oath (hand under thigh) Genesis 24:2 (J)
• Lifting the hand to swear נשׂא יָד Exodus 6:8; Ezekiel 20:28
• Giving a pledge נָתַן יָד Ezra 10:19

e. Hand as strong, helpful, or mighty

• Of man: fighting power Numbers 20:20 (JE); bold action בְּיָד רָמָה Exodus 14:8 (P)
• Of God: hand as smiting 1 Samuel 6:9; as delivering Exodus 13:3 (JE); as inspiration הָֽיְתָה יַד י׳ עַל Ezekiel 1:3; 2 Kings 3:15

2. Figurative meaning — strength, power, or ability

• Physical strength Joshua 8:20 (JE); Psalm 76:6
• Pecuniary ability תַּגִּיעַ יָדוֺ Leviticus 5:7, 11 (P)
• Dominion 2 Samuel 8:3; Exodus 14:31

3. Figurative meaning — side

• Side of a way 1 Samuel 4:13; gate 1 Samuel 4:18; stream Deuteronomy 2:37
• Direction or expanse רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם Genesis 34:21; Judges 18:10
• Place Deuteronomy 23:13; Numbers 2:17

4. Technical and architectural senses

• Sign or monument 1 Samuel 15:12; 2 Samuel 18:18
• Share or portion Genesis 47:24 (J); 2 Samuel 19:44
• Repetitions or times Genesis 43:34; Daniel 1:20
• Axle-trees 1 Kings 7:32–33
• Supports or stays 1 Kings 7:35; 10:19
• Tenons of tabernacle boards Exodus 26:17 (P)

5. With prepositions

• אֶל־יַד: into custody of Esther 2:3; by the side of 2 Samuel 18:4
• בְּיַד: into the hand of (possession/power) Joshua 6:2; Judges 2:14; by agency of Genesis 38:20; Exodus 9:35
• כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ: according to royal munificence 1 Kings 10:13; Esther 1:7
• מִיַּד: out of the hand of (power/separation) Exodus 2:19; 1 Samuel 17:37; exact at the hand of Genesis 9:5
• עַל־יַד: under guidance/direction of 1 Chronicles 25:2; Jeremiah 5:31; by the side of 2 Samuel 15:2; Exodus 2:5
• תַּחַת יַד: under the power or authority of 1 Samuel 21:9; Genesis 16:9 (J)

Aramaic

I. יַד noun feminine hand (Biblical Hebrew יָד).

1. literally hand of man
   • construct יַד Ezra 5:12
   • emphatic יְדָא Daniel 5:5, 24
   • dual בִּידַ֫יִן Daniel 2:34, 45
2. figurative power
   • suffix יְדִי Daniel 3:15
   • Of lions Daniel 6:28
   • Of God Daniel 5:23

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

⁴ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁵ Deuteronomic Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: χεῖρασ χειρὶ χειρὸσ χεῖρα χειρῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3027:

χεῖρασ 218× (12.8%)

χειρὶ 215× (12.3%)

χειρὸσ 169× (10.0%)

χεῖρα 139× (8.4%)

χειρῶν 100× (6.0%)

χεῖρά 87× (5.3%)

χεὶρ 75× (4.7%)

χερσὶν 61× (3.3%)

χειρί 55× (2.8%)

χειρόσ 50× (2.9%)

נשך נֶשֶׁךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשך

neshek

Definition

interest on a debt

Root

from H5391 (נשך);

Exhaustive

from נשך; interest on a debt; usury.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5392

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶשֶׁךְ

noun masculine • Root נשך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 996

interest, usury.

Matched via consonantal key only

נָשַׁךְ

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 995

trans. to pierce, to cut into, to cut off; hence to bite, of a serpent; metaphorically to inflict injury, to oppress; to lend on usury.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶשֶׁךְ

m. verbal from נָשַׁךְ • Root נשך • Page 461

interest, usury. Ps. 15:5. Ezek. 18:8, 13. Ex. 22:24.

נָשַׁךְ

verb • Page 461

1. to bite; spoken of serpents. Gen. 49:17. Num. 21:6 ff. 2. metaphorically to oppress, vex. Hab. 2:7. 3. to take as usury. Deut. 23:20. Hiph. to lend on usury. Deut. 23:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5392

I. נֶ֫שֶׁךְ noun masculine — interest, usury (literally something bitten off).

— נֶ֫שֶׁךְ absolute Exodus 22:24 +; construct Deuteronomy 23:20;

1. Meanings and Uses

• with שִׂים עַלֿ Exodus 22:24 (Elohist Source¹)
• with לָקַח מִן Leviticus 25:36
• with הֵשִׁיב מִן Ezekiel 18:17
• with לָקַח Ezekiel 22:12 (no preposition)
• בְּנֶשֶׁךְ at interest Leviticus 25:37, so Psalm 15:5; Ezekiel 18:8, 13
• בְּנֶשֶׁךְ by usury Proverbs 28:8
• as accusative of cognate meaning with verb Deuteronomy 23:20 (3 times in verse)

¹ Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόκον τόκῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5392:

τόκον 7× (60.6%)

τόκῳ 3× (23.6%)

ותרבית וְתַרְבִּית

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תרבית

tarbîyth

Definition

multiplication, i.e. percentage or bonus in addition to principal

Root

from H7235 (רבה);

Exhaustive

from רבה; multiplication, i.e. percentage or bonus in addition to principal; increase, unjust gain.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8636

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תַּרְבִּית

noun feminine • Root רבה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1531

(from רָבָה) f. increase, soboles, but commonly herd (in contempt), brood Num. 32, 14.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

תַּרְבִּית

noun feminine • Root רבה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1531

(from רָבָה) f. the same, commonly specific. interest, usury Lev. 25, 36; Prov. 28, 8; Ez. 18, 8; coupled with נֶשֶׁךְ; comp. מִרְבִּית and modern Hebrew רִבִּית.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תַּרְבִּית

f. verbal • Root רבה • Page 726

Interest, usury. Citations: Lev. 25: 36; Prov. 28: 8; Ezek. 18: 8 ff.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8636

I. תַרְבִּית (approximate number of occurrences: 6) noun feminine — increment, interest, usury (= מַרְבִּית 1b).

Cognates:

• Arabic ربا (IV) take usury, ربا interest, usury
• Syriac ܬܪܒܝܬܐ
• Compare Saalschütz¹ Hoelemann² Di³ Benn⁴

— תַרְבִּית absolute: + נֶשֶׁךְ Leviticus 25:36 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 18:17; Ezekiel 22:12; Proverbs 28:8; parallel id. Ezekiel 18:8, 13.

¹ Joseph Levin Saalschütz, Das mosaische Recht nebst den vervollständigenden thalmudisch-rabbinischen Bestimmungen (1848), 859.

² Hoelemann, Letzte Bibelstudien (1885), 297 f.

³ August Dillmann, Commentary on Leviticus (1880).

⁴ Benn in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, article 'Debt'.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: πλεονασμὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8636:

πλεονασμὸν 4× (68.7%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

לקח לָקָח

he has taken

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לקח

lâqach

Definition

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, [idiom] many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3947

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָקַח

transitive verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 791

tr. to take, lay hold of, seize, with the hand; to catch; to take away from a thing.

לָקַח

verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

To take, take from; to take away, as prey, to kill; to conquer; to take along, lead; to procure, bring, fetch; to receive, accept, obtain; to undertake; to buy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָקַח

verb • Page 348

1. to take (often pleonastically). Gen. 12:5. 2. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8:3. 3. to take away. Gen. 4:12. 4. to take, capture, occupare. Num. 21:25. 5. to receive, obtain, acquire. Num. 23:20. 6. to admit, take up, receive. Prov. 2:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3947

I. לָקַח verb — take.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., especially buy, and (Niph`al) be taken in marriage
• Mesha Inscription¹ Imperfect ואקח
• Phoenician לקח
• Assyrian li‡û, la‡û²
• Arabic لقح conceive (of female), IV. impregnate
• Ethiopic לקח receive
• Zinjirli לקח
• Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras³ (Imperative קחי)

— לָקַח absolute Genesis 2:22 +; לָקָח֑ Genesis 27:36 + (קָח Ezekiel 17:5 is textual error); suffix לְקָחַנִי Genesis 24:7; לְקָחָם Jeremiah 27:20; 2 masculine singular לָקַחְתָּ Genesis 20:3 +; Imperfect יִקַּח Exodus 21:10 +; וַיִּקַּח (Numbers 16:1 read וַיָּקָם); 3 feminine singular תִּקַּח Genesis 38:23 +; 1 singular אֶקַּח Genesis 14:23 +; Imperative לְקַח Exodus 29:1; קַח Genesis 6:21 +; קְחָה Genesis 15:9; Infinitive absolute לָקוֺחַ Jeremiah 32:14; construct קַחַת Jeremiah 5:3 +; Participle active לֹקֵחַ Genesis 27:46 +; passive plural לְקֻחִים Proverbs 24:11.

1. Qal

1. take, take in the hand

• Exodus 7:15 (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 17:5 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 25:7 (Priestly Code)
• Genesis 8:9 (Yahwist Source)

2. take and carry along

• Genesis 43:12 (+ בְיֶדְכֶם)
• Joshua 9:11 (JE Source)
• Proverbs 7:20

3. take from or away

• a. take from / draw: Genesis 2:22 (rib from man); Judges 3:21 (draw sword)
• b. carry away: Ezekiel 3:14; figurative Job 15:12
• c. deprive of: Genesis 42:36; 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• d. take away life: 1 Kings 19:10; Psalm 31:14; Jonah 4:3

4. take for a person

• a. appropriate: Deuteronomy 7:25; 2 Kings 4:1
• b. procure / get: Exodus 5:11; Proverbs 9:7
• c. take possession: Deuteronomy 29:7; Psalm 109:8
• d. select / choose: Deuteronomy 4:20; Joshua 3:12
• e. take in marriage: Genesis 24:4 (for another); Genesis 4:19 (for oneself)
• f. receive / accept: 1 Samuel 12:3; 2 Kings 5:15; Isaiah 40:2; Job 4:11 (perceive sound)
• g. take preliminary to action: Joshua 2:4; Jeremiah 23:31 (make use of tongues)

5. put upon / take up

• 2 Samuel 13:19 (+ עַל); Deuteronomy 32:11

6. fetch / summon

• 1 Kings 17:10–11; Genesis 27:9; 1 Samuel 20:31

7. lead / conduct

• Genesis 48:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:6 (Yahwist Source)

8. capture / seize

• 1 Samuel 2:16; Job 40:24; Proverbs 6:25

9. carry off

• a. as booty: Genesis 14:11; 1 Kings 14:26
• b. as prisoners: Genesis 14:12; 2 Kings 23:34

10. take vengeance

• Jeremiah 20:10; Isaiah 47:3

2. Niph`al

1. be captured: 1 Samuel 4:11, 17, 19.

2. be taken away / removed: 1 Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 33:6; 2 Kings 2:9 (translation of Elijah).

3. be brought unto: Esther 2:8, 16.

3. Pu`al

1. be taken from / out of: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 3:19; Jeremiah 29:22.

2. be stolen from: Judges 17:2.

3. be taken captive: Jeremiah 48:46; Isaiah 52:5.

4. be taken away / removed: 2 Kings 2:10; Isaiah 53:8.

4. Hoph`al

1. be taken / brought: Genesis 12:15; Genesis 18:4.

2. be taken out of: Job 28:2; Ezekiel 15:3.

3. be taken away from: Isaiah 49:24, 25.

5. Hithpa`el

אֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּ֫חַת fire taking hold of itself (lightning): Exodus 9:24 (JE Source); Ezekiel 1:4.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), c. 850 B.C.E.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl^HWB), 384.

³ Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras; compare Cook, Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔλαβεν λαβὲ λήμψῃ ἔλαβον λήμψεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3947:

ἔλαβεν 254× (24.8%)

λαβὲ 73× (7.8%)

λήμψῃ 57× (5.7%)

ἔλαβον 57× (5.7%)

λήμψεται 50× (5.1%)

λαβεῖν 32× (3.4%)

λήμψονται 30× (3.0%)

λαβὼν 28× (2.7%)

λάβετε 25× (2.7%)

λήμψομαι 21× (2.1%)

משפטי מִשְׁפָּטַי

verdicts/my verdict

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפט

mishpâṭ

Definition

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

Root

from H8199 (שפט);

Exhaustive

from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4941

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

masculine noun • Root שפט • Strongs / High • Page 924

A multi-faceted term meaning: a cause or suit; a sentence or decision of a judge; a legal precept or rule; guilt or crime; a right, law, or custom; what belongs to someone (e.g., wages, privilege); usage, manner, or condition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Page 417

5. a right, privilege; e.g. מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה the right of redemption, Jer. 32:7; מִשְׁפַּט הַמֶּלֶךְ the right or prerogative of the king, 1 Sam. 8:9, 11. Particularly what belongs to any one by law, Deut. 18:3; מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים what belongs to the priests, i. e. their due, 1 Sam. 2:13. 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. צֶדֶק. Deut. 32:4. 7. a law, i. q. חֹק. Ex. 21:1. 24:3; particularly a divine law, Lev. 18:4, 5, 26. 8. a custom, usage. 1 K. 18:28. 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26:30. 2 K. 1:7. Judg. 13:12.

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Root שפט • Page 416

1. judgment, the act of judging. Lev. 19: 15. 2. a judgment, judicial decision. 1 K. 3: 28. 3. guilt, liability to punishment. Ezek. 7: 23. 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num. 27: 5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4941

I. מִשְׁפָּט (approximate number of occurrences: 422) noun masculine^{Genesis 40:13} — judgment.

— מִשְׁפָּט absolute Exodus 21:31 (203 times), + לְשְִׁ֯מָּט Ezekiel 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁמֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁמַּט Exodus 23:6 (50 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטִי Isaiah 40:27 +; מִשְׁמָּטָם Jeremiah 49:12 +; מִשְׁמָּטָן Numbers 27:5; plural מִשְׁמָּטִים Jeremiah 4:12 (34 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 33:10 + etc.

1. Judgment

a. Act of deciding a case

• מִשְׁפָּט belongeth to God Deuteronomy 1:17, is from him Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26
• אֱלֹהֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּט Malachi 2:17
• חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so Exodus 28:29; Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code); worn on heart of Aaron Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code)
• (+ צֶדֶק) Deuteronomy 16:18
• הֵבִין מִשְׁפָּט Job 32:9
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28; עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28
• דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9; 2 Chronicles 19:6
• רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6
• בְּמִשְׁפָּט Leviticus 19:15, 35 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:10; Proverbs 24:23
• בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Numbers 27:21 (Priests' Code)
• לַמִּשְׁפָּט Numbers 35:12; Joshua 20:6 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 17:8; Judges 4:5; 2 Samuel 15:2, 6; 2 Chronicles 19:8; Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 41:1; Isaiah 54:17; Isaiah 59:11; Habakkuk 1:12; Malachi 3:5; Psalm 9:8; Psalm 35:23; Psalm 76:10; Psalm 122:5; Job 9:19

b. Place, court seat of judgment

• Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 7:7
• Isaiah 28:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:16

c. Process, procedure, litigation before judges

• הֵבִיא בַמִּשְׁפָּט Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14
• בָּא בַמִּשְׁפָּט (+ עִם) Isaiah 3:14; Job 22:4; (+ אֶת) Psalm 143:2; (+ יַחְדָּו) Job 9:32
• עָמַד בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23; compare Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 112:5
• plural דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים (+ אֶת) litigate with Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:9
• singular מִשְׁפָּט in parallel 2 Kings 25:6 (by error)

d. Case or cause presented for judgment

• בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 50:8
• עָרַךְ מִשְׁפָּט Job 13:18; Job 23:4
• שָׁמַע מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:11
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט Lamentations 3:59; compare Numbers 27:5 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 15:4

e. Sentence, decision of judgment

• כֵּן מִשְׁפָּטֶךָ 1 Kings 20:40 thus is thy sentence
• עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5–6 time and sentence
• עַל מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:11 according to the sentence
• מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:22; Jeremiah 26:11, 16
• מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים Ezekiel 7:23; compare Habakkuk 1:4; Psalm 7:7; Psalm 17:2; Ezekiel 23:45
• plural מִשְׁפְּטֵי נְאֻפוֹת Ezekiel 16:68
• Hosea 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7

f. Execution of judgment

• In general, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט (+ בֵּין) Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8; compare Deuteronomy 32:41; Zephaniah 3:8
• (+ בְּ) against Psalm 119:84; Psalm 149:9; בְּ omitted Psalm 9:17; Ezekiel 39:21
• בָּא אֶל מִשְׁפָּט Jeremiah 48:21; בְּרוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 4:4; מִשְׁפַּט מוֹאָב Jeremiah 48:47; compare Isaiah 53:8; Jeremiah 51:9; Hosea 5:1, 11; Hosea 10:4; Job 36:17
• plural Isaiah 26:8–9; Ezekiel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalm 10:5
• In favour of: עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּטִי Micah 7:9; Psalm 9:5; מִשְׁפָּט לַעֲשׁוּקִים Psalm 146:7; דִּין מִשְׁפָּט וְהִצִּיל Jeremiah 21:12; compare Zechariah 7:9; Zechariah 8:16
• plural Psalm 48:12 = Psalm 97:8; 1 Chronicles 16:12, 14

g. Time of judgment

• לֹא יָקֻמוּ בַמִּשְׁפָּט Psalm 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection)

2. Attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude

a. Of God

• אֱלֹהֵי מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 30:18
• הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט Genesis 18:25 (Jehovist Source); compare Job 40:8; Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 111:7
• He loves it: Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 99:4
• (+ צֶדֶק) Hosea 2:21; Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2
• Will not pervert it: Job 8:3; Job 34:12; compare Job 37:23
• כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶךָ Psalm 119:149 (parallel חַסְדֶּךָ)
• מִשְׁפָּטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה Psalm 36:7

b. Of man

• אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 106:3 (parallel צְדָקָה)
• Tongue of the wise speaketh מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 37:30; thoughts Proverbs 12:5
• Put on מִשְׁפָּט as robe Job 29:14; chosen Job 34:4
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט: required by God Micah 6:8; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 61:8
• Joy of the righteous Proverbs 21:15; rulers should know it Micah 3:1; Proverbs 29:4
• Wicked ruler שֹׂנֵא מִשְׁפָּט Job 34:17; abhors it Micah 3:9; compare Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 21:7; Proverbs 28:5

3. Ordinance

Promulgated by שֹׁפֵט:

• Law of king: 1 Samuel 8:9, 11; 1 Samuel 10:25
• Levitical ordinances: Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:16 (13 times in Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 15:13; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Nehemiah 8:18
• חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 30:25; compare Psalm 81:5
• חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• Divine law in general: מִשְׁפַּט יהוה Jeremiah 8:7; מִשְׁפַּט אֱלֹהִים Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 5:4, 5 (parallel דֶּרֶךְ); compare Psalm 25:9
• Parallel תּוֹרָה: Isaiah 42:4; Isaiah 51:4; Ezra 7:10; compare Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 119:43; Psalm 119:160
• Plural of particular ordinances: Deuteronomy 33:10, 21; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 44:24; Psalm 19:10; Psalm 119:7 (16 times); Psalm 147:20

4. Decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law

(See Briggs¹):

• Singular of particular decision: Exodus 21:31 (Elohist Source)
• Plural of series of decisions: Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3 (Jehovist-Elohist); Deuteronomy 7:12
• In combination, חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים: Deuteronomy 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in Holiness Code and after, חֻקּוֹת וּמִשְׁפָּטִים Leviticus 18:4, 5, 26; Leviticus 19:37 +
• Other combinations, redactional and later: Leviticus 26:46; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 30:16; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 33:8; Nehemiah 9:13; Psalm 18:23; Psalm 89:31; Psalm 147:19

5. One's (legal) right, privilege, due

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים Deuteronomy 18:3 due of the priests
• מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכֹרָה Deuteronomy 21:17
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה Jeremiah 32:7 right of redemption; מִשְׁפַּט הַיְרֻשָּׁה Jeremiah 32:8
• הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source) wrest right, so Deuteronomy 16:19; 24:17; 27:19; 1 Samuel 8:3; Lamentations 3:35; Proverbs 18:5
• מִשְׁפַּט יְתוֹם Deuteronomy 10:18; מִשְׁפַּט אֶבְיוֹן Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 5:28; Psalm 140:13
• מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 10:2; Job 36:6
• הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִי Job 27:2; Job 34:5; compare Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 49:4

6. Fitting measure, custom, plan

a. Proper, fitting, measure

• 1 Kings 5:8
• Fitness in nature: Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14 (compare Dillmann²)

b. Custom, manner

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 Samuel 2:13 custom of the priests (or rightful due, according to Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver)
• מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 1 Samuel 27:11 his (David's) custom
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגּוֹיִם 2 Kings 17:33 manner of the nations; compare 2 Kings 17:26–27
• כְּמִשְׁפָּט after the manner, fashion: Genesis 40:13; Exodus 21:9 (Elohist Source); Judges 18:7; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Ezekiel 42:11; Psalm 119:132

c. "What manner of"

• מַה־מִּשְׁפַּט Judges 13:12 what manner of a boy; compare 2 Kings 1:7

d. Plan

• Of the tabernacle: Exodus 26:30 (Priests' Code)
• Temple: 1 Kings 6:38
• Palace: Jeremiah 30:18

¹ C. A. Briggs, Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch, 252 sq.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Isaiah.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: κρίμα κρίσιν κρίματα κρίσει κρίσισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4941:

κρίμα 87× (21.4%)

κρίσιν 68× (16.7%)

κρίματα 41× (9.1%)

κρίσει 20× (4.6%)

κρίσισ 19× (4.6%)

κρίματά 16× (3.4%)

κρίσεωσ 14× (3.5%)

δικαίωμα 14× (3.1%)

δικαιώματά 13× (2.7%)

κρίσεισ 10× (2.2%)

עשה עָשָׂה

he has made

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

בחקותי בְּחֻקּוֹתַי

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חקה

chuqqâh

Definition

{an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)}

Root

feminine of H2706 (חק), and meaning substantially the same

Exhaustive

feminine of חק, and meaning substantially the same; {an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)}; appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2708

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֻקָּה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 522

determination, ordinance, proceeding from God; the plural is חֻקּוֹת; also refers to heathen laws, appointed time, customs, mores, laws of nature.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2708

I. חֻקָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 104) noun feminine¹ — something prescribed, enactment, statute.

— חֻקָּה absolute Numbers 9:14 (3 times); construct חֻקַּת Exodus 12:14 (28 times); plural חֻקּוֹת Jeremiah 5:24 (12 times); חֻקֹּת Leviticus 20:23, Jeremiah 31:35; suffix חֻקּוֹתַי Genesis 26:5 (14 times); חֻקֹּתַי Leviticus 18:4 (21 times) etc.

1. Singular statute, of special ritual laws

a. of passover

• Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist Source)
• חֻקַּת הַפֶּסַח Exodus 12:43; Numbers 9:12, 14

b. elsewhere only in P and H

• חֻקַּת הַתּוֹרָה Numbers 19:2; Numbers 31:21
• חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29
• חֻקַּת עוֹלָם Exodus 12:14, 17; Exodus 27:21; Exodus 28:43; Exodus 29:9; Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:36; Leviticus 10:9; Leviticus 16:29, 31, 34; Leviticus 23:21, 31; Leviticus 24:3; Numbers 10:8; Numbers 15:15; Numbers 18:23; Numbers 19:10, 21 (all Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 23:14, 41 (Holiness Code)
• חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר וְלָאֶזְרָח Numbers 9:14; Numbers 15:15

2. Plural statutes

a. of nature

• חֻקּוֹת שָׁמַיִם Job 38:33; Jeremiah 33:25
• of moon and stars Jeremiah 31:35
• of weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24

b. figurative of a firmly established custom

• חֻקּוֹת הַגּוֹי(ם) Leviticus 20:23 (Holiness Code); 2 Kings 17:8
• חֻקּוֹת הָעַמִּים Jeremiah 10:3
• חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Micah 6:16
• idolatry חֻקּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Kings 17:19
• sexual offences Leviticus 18:30 (Holiness Code)

c. statutes of David

• חֻקּוֹת דָּוִד 1 Kings 3:3

d. associated with other codes and terms

Often paired with מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִצְוֹת, or תּוֹרָה:

• paralleling מִשְׁפָּטִים 2 Samuel 22:23 = Psalm 18:23 (of the law known to David)
• paralleling מִצְוֹת Psalm 89:32
• בְּרִית וְחֻקָּה 1 Kings 11:11
• In D, H, P, and Ezekiel: חֻקּוֹת וּמִשְׁפָּטִים Leviticus 18:5, 26; Leviticus 19:37; Leviticus 20:22 (Holiness Code); Leviticus 25:18; Numbers 9:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative); 1 Kings 11:33; Ezekiel 5:7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9; Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 19, 21
• preceded by מִצְוֹת Deuteronomy 30:16; followed by מִצְוֹת Leviticus 26:15 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 11:1; 1 Kings 6:12; תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוָה 2 Kings 17:34
• special ordinances: חֻקּוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Ezekiel 43:18; חֻקּוֹת בֵּית י׳ Ezekiel 44:5; חֻקּוֹת חַיִּים Ezekiel 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תָּמִיד (versions² strike out עוֹלָם) Ezekiel 46:14

e. phrases of obedience and disobedience

• obedience: הָלַךְ בְּחֻקּוֹת Leviticus 18:3; Leviticus 20:23; Leviticus 26:3; 1 Kings 3:3; 1 Kings 6:12; 2 Kings 17:8, 19; Jeremiah 44:10, 23; Ezekiel 5:6, 7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9, 17; Ezekiel 20:13, 16, 19, 21; Ezekiel 33:15; שָׁמַר חֻקּוֹת Leviticus 18:4, 5, 26; Leviticus 19:19, 37; Leviticus 20:8, 22; Genesis 26:5 (Redactor); Deuteronomy 6:2; Deuteronomy 8:11; Deuteronomy 10:13; Deuteronomy 11:1; Deuteronomy 28:45; Deuteronomy 30:10, 16; 1 Kings 2:3; 1 Kings 9:6; 1 Kings 11:11, 34, 38; 2 Kings 17:13; 2 Kings 23:3; Ezekiel 18:19, 21; Ezekiel 37:24; Ezekiel 43:11; Ezekiel 44:24; בְּחֻקֹּתַי אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע Psalm 119:16
• disobedience: מָאַס חֻקּוֹת Ezekiel 20:24; מָאַס בְּחֻקּוֹתַי Leviticus 26:15 (Holiness Code); גָּעַל חֻקּוֹת Leviticus 26:43; עָזַב חֻקּוֹת 2 Chronicles 7:19; חִלֵּל חֻקּוֹת Psalm 89:32

3. Comparison of usage

חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency: חֹק is more frequent in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs (חֻקָּה is absent in Proverbs and occurs only once in Job), and in Chronicles (חֻקָּה only 2 Chronicles 7:19). חֻקָּה is common in Kings but rare in the Hexateuch except in P and H. In the prophets, חֹק appears in Amos, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel; חֻקָּה appears only in Ezekiel, Jeremiah, and Micah. Furthermore, חֹק עוֹלָם usually signifies a due, while חֻקַּת עוֹלָם much more often signifies a statute or ordinance.

¹ Form first appearing in Exodus 13:10.

² Septuagint (LXX), Syriac (Peshitta), Vulgate, and Talmud (following Cornill).

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: νόμιμον δικαιώματα προστάγματά προστάγμασίν νόμον

LXX Usage Statistics

H2708:

νόμιμον 20× (23.2%)

δικαιώματα 13× (10.7%)

προστάγματά 11× (10.1%)

προστάγμασίν 9× (7.1%)

νόμον 6× (5.7%)

νόμοσ 4× (4.5%)

νόμιμά 4× (3.6%)

δικαιώματά 4× (3.6%)

νομίμοισ 4× (3.1%)

--- 3× (3.5%)

הלך הָלָךְ

he has walked

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הלך

hâlak

Definition

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Root

akin to H3212 (ילך); a primitive root;

Exhaustive

akin to ילך; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively); (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1980

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 401

An intransitive verb meaning to go, to walk, or to move forward in the widest sense. It applies to people, animals, and inanimate objects (e.g., a border extending, a report spreading, a ship sailing, the moon walking). The fundamental signification is varied by numerous prepositions indicating direction or manner, such as to go to/against (אֶל), to go with/accompany (עִם), to go after/follow (אַחֲרֵי), and to go before (לִפְנֵי).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 402

To go, to walk; to disappear, pass, retire; to stalk; also used as an auxiliary verb.

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 186

To go, in whatever manner; applied to things animate and inanimate (e.g., ark floating, boundary extending, report circulating). Various constructions include: (1) with accusative 'to go through' (Deut. 1:19); (2) with 'ב' 'to go with' (Ex. 10:9); (3) with 'עם' or 'את' 'to be conversant with' (Job 34:8); (4) with 'אַחֲרֵי' 'to go after, follow' (Gen. 24:5, 37:17).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 187

To go, walk. (Continued senses on this page): 2. To walk, figuratively for to live. Ps. 15:2, Is. 33:15, Mic. 2:11. 3. To depart, to die. Gen. 15:2, Ps. 39:14. 4. To pass away, to perish. Ps. 78:39, Job 19:10, 14:20. 5. To run, flow (spoken of water). Is. 8:8, Joel 4:18, Ezek. 7:17, 21:12. 6. To go on, continue, last. Gen. 26:13, Judg. 4:24, 1 Sam. 14:19, 2 Sam. 5:10, 18:25, Gen. 8:3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1980

I. הָלַךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 1545) verb — go, come, walk.

Cognates:

• Moabite ואהלך, לך
• Siloam Inscription וילכו
• Late Hebrew הִלֵּךְ (rare)
• Aramaic הֲלַךְ, הַךְ, Pa`el הַלֵּיךְ
• Palmyrene אתילכא
• Assyrian alâku
• Arabic هلك perish

— הָלַךְ Perfect 3masculine singular הָלַךְ Genesis 26:26 +; הָלָ֑ךְ 2 Samuel 8:6 +; 3 plural הָֽלְכוּ Genesis 14:24 +; (הֶ)הָֽלְכוּא Joshua 10:24; Imperfect rarely 3masculine singular יִהֲלֹךְ Jeremiah 9:3; 3feminine singular תִּהֲלַךְ Psalm 73:9; usually (629 times) as if from ילך: יֵלֵךְ Exodus 10:24 +; וַיֵּלֶךְ Genesis 12:4 +; Imperative rarely הֲלוֺךְ Proverbs 13:20; usually לֵךְ Genesis 26:16 +; לְכָה Genesis 19:32 +; Infinitive absolute הָלוֺךְ Genesis 8:3 +; construct לֶ֫כֶת Micah 6:8 +; Participle הֹלֵךְ Genesis 18:16 +; feminine הֹלְכָה Jeremiah 3:6.

I. Literal Meanings

1. Of persons

• a. Go, proceed, move, walk Genesis 22:6, 8; Exodus 17:5; Amos 3:3; opposed to sitting (ישׁב) Deuteronomy 6:7; Deuteronomy 11:19.
• b. Depart, go away Genesis 18:33 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 34:17 (Priests' Code); 1 Samuel 14:3; figurative of exile 1 Chronicles 5:41.
• c. Come, approach, arrive 1 Samuel 17:44; in prayer to Yahweh Psalm 80:3; Isaiah 55:1.
• d. With modifiers of space traversed Deuteronomy 1:19; with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 35:3; of time Deuteronomy 2:14; with preposition אֶל Genesis 22:3; with לְ idem 1 Kings 10:13.

2. Of animals

• Nahum 2:12 (prowling lions); 1 Samuel 6:12 (cows); Leviticus 11:20 (swarming things); of serpent Genesis 3:14.

3. Of inanimate things

• Of the ark Genesis 7:18; ships 1 Kings 22:49; streams (flowing) Ecclesiastes 1:7; figurative of knees Ezekiel 7:17; of fire Exodus 9:23; of pestilence Psalm 91:6; of fame Esther 9:4.

4. Infinitive absolute uses

• To emphasize duration: הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ Jeremiah 50:4 (continually weeping); הָלוֺךְ וְגָעוֺ 1 Samuel 6:12; הָלוֺךְ וְגָדֵל Genesis 26:13 (growing greater and greater).

II. Figurative Meanings

1. Pass away, die

• Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2; Ecclesiastes 1:4; Psalm 39:14.

2. Live, walk (in a general sense)

• Psalm 23:4 (walk in the valley of deep darkness); Psalm 84:8 (from strength to strength).

3. Of moral and religious life

• a. Walk in ways, counsels, or statutes: in a good sense Deuteronomy 8:6; 1 Kings 8:36; in his law Exodus 16:4. In a bad sense 2 Kings 21:21; Leviticus 18:3.
• b. Walk with: i.e., associate with God Malachi 2:6; Micah 6:8; or with the wicked Job 34:8.
• c. Walk before Yahweh: 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 8:23.
• d. Walk after (follow): after Yahweh Deuteronomy 13:5; after other gods Deuteronomy 6:14; Jeremiah 7:6.

Niph`al

Perfect 1 singular נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי Psalm 109:23 — be gone.

Pi`el

— walk, go about, prowl: Perfect הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Imperfect יְהַלֵךְ Ezekiel 18:9; Participle מְהַלֵךְ Proverbs 6:11.

Hithpa`el

— walk to and fro, traverse, live: Perfect הִתְהַלָּךְֿ Genesis 6:9; Imperative הִתְהַלַּךְ Genesis 17:1; Participle מִתְהַלֵּךְ Genesis 3:8.

Hiph`il

(treated as from ילך) — lead, bring, cause to flow: Perfect הוֺלִיךְ 2 Kings 24:15; Imperfect יוֺלִיךְ Ecclesiastes 10:20; Participle מוֺלִיךְ Jeremiah 2:6.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπορεύθη ἐπορεύθησαν δεῦρο πορεύεσθαι ἀπῆλθεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1980:

ἐπορεύθη 192× (11.4%)

ἐπορεύθησαν 77× (4.7%)

δεῦρο 53× (3.5%)

πορεύεσθαι 52× (3.0%)

ἀπῆλθεν 50× (3.0%)

πορευθῆναι 39× (2.3%)

πορεύου 35× (2.3%)

πορεύσονται 35× (2.2%)

πορεύσομαι 34× (2.2%)

ἐπορεύετο 33× (2.1%)

הוא ה֗וּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

ימות יָמוּת

he is dying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מות

mûwth

Definition

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill; [idiom] at all, [idiom] crying, (be) dead (body, man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to, be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), [idiom] must needs, slay, [idiom] surely, [idiom] very suddenly, [idiom] in (no) wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4191

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּת

verb • Root מות • Strongs / High • Page 829

(Qal) To be stretched, extended, or stiffen, as the limbs of an expiring body; hence to die, of men or animals. Metaphorically, to decay, be waste, be destroyed, or disappear.

מוּת

verb • Root מות • Strongs / High • Page 830

A verb root meaning to die, to expire. The lexicon provides extensive etymological background, connecting it to Arabic, Greek, Sanskrit, and other languages.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוּת

verb • Page 365

1. to die (1 Sam. 25: 37; Gen. 45: 27). 2. to perish, be destroyed; spoken of a state (Am. 2: 2), or to become wretched (Prov. 15: 10). Pil. and Hiph. to kill, slay (1 Sam. 14: 13). Hoph. to be killed (Deut. 21: 22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4191

I. מוּת (approximate number of occurrences: 835) verb — die.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian mâtu¹
• Arabic مات
• Ethiopic ሞተ
• Aramaic מוּת, מִית
• Nabataean מות²
• Zinjirli מת³

— מֵת 3 masculine singular absolute Genesis 42:38 +; מֵ֫תָה 3 feminine singular Genesis 35:18 +; מַתֶּה 2 masculine singular Ezekiel 28:8; וָמַ֑תִּי 1 singular Genesis 19:19; מֵ֫תוּ 3 masculine plural Genesis 7:22 +; מַתְנוּ 1 plural Numbers 14:2, 2 Kings 7:4; יָמוּת imperfect Genesis 38:11 +; וַיָּ֫מָת imperfect Genesis 11:28 +; מֻת imperative Deuteronomy 32:50; מוֺת infinitive absolute Genesis 2:17 +; מוּת construct Genesis 25:32; מֵת participle Genesis 20:3 +; מֵתִים plural Exodus 12:33 +.

1. Qal: Die, of natural or other causes

a. Of man

• וַיִּגְוִע וַיָּמָת and he expired and died Genesis 25:8, Genesis 25:17, Genesis 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• וַיָּמָת וַיִּקָּבֵר Judges 10:2, 5, Judges 8:32, 2 Samuel 17:23
• Succession formula: וימלך תַּחְתָּיו וימת Genesis 36:33–39 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 10:1, 2 Kings 1:17
• In good old age: וימת בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֺבָה 1 Chronicles 29:28
• By violence or disaster: הכה (smiting) Exodus 21:18 (Elohist Source); במלחמה (war) Deuteronomy 20:5; בַּחֶרֶב (sword) Jeremiah 11:22; ברעב (famine) Jeremiah 11:22; בְּדֶבֶר (pestilence) Jeremiah 21:6; בַּמַּגֵּפָה (plague) Numbers 14:37
• figurative of wisdom: תָּמוּת חָכְמָה עִמָּכֶם Job 12:2; of courage: וַיָּמָת לִבּוֺ בְּקִרְבּוֺ 1 Samuel 25:37

b. Of animals

• Leviticus 11:39; Genesis 33:13 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 7:18 (Elohist Source)
• Proverbial dead dog: כֶּלֶב מֵת 1 Samuel 24:14, 2 Samuel 9:8, 2 Samuel 16:9

c. Other

• Of a tree: Job 14:8
• Of idols: זִבְחֵי מֵתִים sacrifices to the dead Psalm 106:28

2. Qal: Die as a penalty (be put to death)

a. By human authority

• Genesis 42:20, Exodus 21:14, Deuteronomy 17:6
• Phrase מוֺת יָּמּוּת shall surely be put to death (capital punishment): 1 Samuel 14:39, 1 Samuel 22:16, 1 Kings 2:37, Jeremiah 26:8
• Legal codes (violent death): מוֺת יוּמַת Exodus 21:12, Leviticus 20:2, Numbers 15:35

b. Inflicted by God

• Genesis 38:7, Exodus 28:35, Leviticus 10:2, 2 Samuel 6:7
• For sin/guilt: בחטא Leviticus 22:9, Numbers 27:3; במעל 1 Chronicles 10:13
• Of a nation: Moab Amos 2:2, Ephraim Hosea 13:1
• Prematurely (for lack of wisdom): Proverbs 5:23, Proverbs 10:21, Ecclesiastes 7:17

3. Po‘lel: Kill, put to death, despatch

— מֹתַתִּי perfect 2 Samuel 1:16; יְמֹתְתֵהוּ imperfect 1 Samuel 17:51; מוֺתְתֵנִי imperative Judges 9:54; מְמוֺתֵת participle 1 Samuel 14:13.

• Intensive: 1 Samuel 17:51, 2 Samuel 1:9, Psalm 34:21

4. Hiph‘il: Kill, put to death

— הֵמִית perfect Judges 16:30 +; וַיָּ֫מֶת imperfect Genesis 38:10 +; הָמֵת infinitive absolute 2 Kings 11:15; מֵמִית participle 1 Samuel 2:6.

• Subject man: In war Joshua 10:26; by authority Exodus 1:16, 2 Kings 14:6
• Subject God: Deuteronomy 32:39, Genesis 38:7, 1 Samuel 2:6
• Executioners (angels of death): מְמִיתִים Job 33:22

5. Hoph‘al: Be killed, put to death

— הוּמָ֑ת perfect 2 Kings 11:2; יוּמַת imperfect Leviticus 20:10; מוּמָת participle 1 Samuel 19:11.

• By conspiracy: 2 Kings 11:2, 8
• By capital punishment: Exodus 21:29, Leviticus 24:16, Deuteronomy 24:16

Aramaic

I. מוֺת noun masculine — death (Biblical Hebrew מָ֫וֶת).

• absolute Ezra 7:26

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB), 395.

² Julius Euting, Nabatäische Inschriften aus Arabien (1885), 14, 6.

³ D.H. Müller, Sendschirli Glossary.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπέθανεν θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖται ἀποθάνῃ ἀποθανοῦνται

LXX Usage Statistics

H4191:

ἀπέθανεν 120× (13.8%)

θανάτῳ 54× (6.7%)

ἀποθανεῖται 48× (6.0%)

ἀποθάνῃ 35× (4.2%)

ἀποθανοῦνται 23× (2.9%)

θανατῶσαι 22× (2.6%)

τέθνηκεν 21× (2.6%)

ἐθανάτωσεν 20× (2.3%)

ἀποθανῇ 18× (2.3%)

ἐτελεύτησεν 15× (1.7%)

בעון בַּעֲוֹן

in guilt

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עון

ʻâvôn

Definition

perversity, i.e. (moral) evil

Root

or עוון; (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (H7 (אבד))), from H5753 (עוה);

Exhaustive

or עוון; (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (אבד)), from עוה; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil; fault, iniquity, mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5771

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹן

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1066

1. perverseness (comp. Aram. עַוְיָא), hence metaphor. sin, guilt, crime, of a people or race. 2. the oppression, suffering, misfortune, destruction, punishment arising from crime.

Matched via consonantal key only

עִוּן

intransitive verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

II. (Not used) Intransitive: to glow, to burn, of the east wind; Ar. غَام to gape, to thirst.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָוּן

intransitive verb • Root עון • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

I. (Not used) Intransitive: same as אָוִן I. To breathe, to blow, therefore figuratively: 1. to be empty, transient, null; 2. to be sinful, wicked, false; 3. to be idolatrous, heathenish.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָוּן

intransitive verb • Root עון • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1065

II. (Not used) Intransitive: 1. Properly, to bend, to settle; hence to dwell, to abide (of men and God); to have a lair (of animals); metaphorically, to find protection, refuge. 2. To cohabit, to consummate marriage.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוּן

verb • Page 496

To dwell. Root of מָעוֹן.

עָוֹן

noun masculine • Root עוה • Page 496

Perverseness, sins; plur. עֲוֹנִים and עֲוֹנוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5771

I. עָוֺן (עָווֺן) noun masculine^{Isaiah 22:14} — iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity.

— עָוֺן absolute Exodus 21:43 +; עָווֺן 2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:7; construct עֲוֺן Genesis 15:16 +; עֲווֺן 1 Chronicles 21:8; suffix עֲוֺנִי Genesis 4:13 + (2 Samuel 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֺנְךָ Hosea 9:7 +; עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי Psalm 103:3; עֲוֺ֔נָהֿ Numbers 15:31 (GKC¹ § 91e), etc.; plural עֲוֺנוֺת absolute Psalm 130:3 +, construct Job 13:26 +; עַוֺנֹת absolute Psalm 65:4, construct Leviticus 16:21 +; suffix עֲוֺנֹתֶיךָ Isaiah 43:24, עֲוֺנֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֺנֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:18; עֲוֺנֵינוּ Isaiah 64:6 +, etc. (SS² doubt all these).

1. Iniquity

iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:7; Jeremiah 16:17; Lamentations 2:14; Ezekiel 7:13; (+ חטאת) 1 Samuel 20:1; Job 13:23; Isaiah 5:18; Isaiah 43:24; Isaiah 59:2; Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10; Lamentations 4:6, 13; Daniel 9:16; Hosea 4:8; Hosea 13:12; (+ פשׁע) Job 14:17; Job 31:33; Psalm 107:17; Isaiah 50:1; Isaiah 53:5; (+ אשׁמה) Ezra 9:6, 7, 13; (+ רעה) Job 22:5; Hosea 7:1.

a. Specific phrases

• ע׳ נְעוּרַי Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth
• ע׳ חֶרֶב Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword
• ע׳ מְּלִילִי(םׅ Job 31:11, 28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges
• שְׁתֵּי עֲוֺנֹתָם Hosea 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi and others)
• כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2
• מִכְשׁוֺל ע׳ Ezekiel 7:19; Ezekiel 14:3, 4, 7; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 44:12
• לכל־עון Deuteronomy 19:15
• אשׁתמרה מע׳ 2 Samuel 22:24 = Psalm 18:24
• עָוֺן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Hosea 12:9

b. Iniquity as recognized or confessed

• ידע ע׳ 1 Samuel 3:13; Isaiah 59:12; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20
• התודה ע׳ Leviticus 16:21; Leviticus 26:40 (twice) (Priests' Code); Nehemiah 9:2
• הגיד ע׳ Psalm 38:19
• לא כסה ע׳ Psalm 32:5
• הזכיר ע׳ Numbers 5:15 (Priests' Code); 1 Kings 17:18; Ezekiel 21:28, 29; Ezekiel 29:16
• יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ezekiel 43:10
• שׁוּב מע׳ Daniel 9:13
• השׁיב מע׳ Malachi 2:6

c. Phrases of divine action

• (1) Phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 18:25 (Holiness Code); 2 Samuel 3:8; Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 26:21; Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 36:31; Amos 3:2; פקד ע׳ ב Psalm 89:33; Job 11:6; יסּר על ע׳ Psalm 39:12; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳ לנגדךָ Psalm 90:8; גמל כע׳ Psalm 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ Psalm 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Isaiah 65:7; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 32:18.
• (2) Of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ 2 Samuel 24:10 = 1 Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21; Zechariah 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ Zechariah 3:9; סלח לע׳ Exodus 34:9; Numbers 14:19 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 25:11; Psalm 103:3; Jeremiah 31:34; Jeremiah 33:8; נשׂא ע׳ Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18; Psalm 32:5; Psalm 85:3; Isaiah 33:24; Hosea 14:3; Micah 7:18; סר ע׳ Isaiah 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Micah 7:19.
• (3) Of covering over: כסה על ע׳ Nehemiah 3:37; כמּר ע׳ Psalm 78:38; Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9; Daniel 9:24; כמּר על ע׳ Jeremiah 18:23; יתכמּר ע׳ 1 Samuel 3:14.
• (4) Of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Psalm 51:4; מחה ע׳ Psalm 51:11; طهר מע׳ Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 36:33.
• (5) Of imputing or reckoning: חשׁב ע׳ ל 2 Samuel 19:20; Psalm 32:2; זכר ע׳ (לׅ Psalm 79:8; Isaiah 64:8; Jeremiah 14:10; Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Psalm 109:14.
• (6) Other: בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Job 10:6; Jeremiah 50:20; פדה מע׳ Psalm 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

2. Guilt of iniquity

(not always easy to distinguish from 1; SS give more, Buhl³ fewer, sub 2); — (+ תועבות) Ezekiel 36:31; (+ דם) Isaiah 59:3; (+ חמס) Ezekiel 9:9; ע׳ פעור Joshua 22:17 (Priests' Code); ע׳ סדם Ezekiel 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֺ Isaiah 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ezekiel 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֺנֵךְ לְפָנַי Jeremiah 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Genesis 44:16 (Elohist Source) Psalm 36:3.

a. Phrases of presence

• ב ע׳ guilt of iniquity upon one Numbers 15:31 (Priests' Code); 1 Samuel 20:8; 2 Samuel 14:32
• לא ע׳ לִי Job 33:9 (+ זַךְ)
• בלי־עון Psalm 59:5 without my guilt

b. Guilt as great or increased

• רֹב עָוֺן Jeremiah 13:22; Jeremiah 30:14, 15; Ezekiel 28:18; Hosea 9:7
• לֹא־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Genesis 15:16 (Jehovist Source)
• ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ ראֹשִׁי Psalm 38:5
• ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי Psalm 49:6
• ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Psalm 40:13
• ע׳ גברו מני Psalm 65:4
• עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Isaiah 1:4
• נלקח בע׳ Ezekiel 33:6

c. As a condition

• בע׳ חוללתי was I brought forth Psalm 51:7
• בע׳ גָּוַע expire Joshua 22:20 (Priests' Code)
• בע׳ מות die Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 3:18, 19; Ezekiel 18:17, 18; Ezekiel 33:8, 9

3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity

(SS include most of these under 2; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Genesis 4:13; Isaiah 5:18); —

• אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה 1 Samuel 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.
• נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity (of others) Exodus 28:38; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 16:22; Numbers 30:16 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 4:4, 5, 6; Ezekiel 18:19, 20
• (one's own) Exodus 28:43; Leviticus 5:1, 17; Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17, 19; Leviticus 22:16; Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34; Numbers 18:1, 23 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:10, 12
• גדול ע׳ מנשׂוא Genesis 4:13 (Jehovist Source) my punishment is greater than I can bear
• נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ Isaiah 40:2 her punishment is accepted; compare רצה ע׳ Leviticus 26:41, 43 (Holiness Code)
• ומצאנוּ ע׳ 2 Kings 7:9 punishment will overtake us
• תנה ע׳ על ע׳ Psalm 69:28 add punishment to their punishment
• הוא יסבל ע׳ Isaiah 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear; compare סָבָ֑לְנוּ ע׳ Lamentations 5:7
• הפגיע בו ע׳ Isaiah 53:6
• נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Numbers 5:31 (Priests' Code); Job 10:14
• בי אני העון 1 Samuel 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ 2 Samuel 14:9
• בע׳ with various verbs: Genesis 19:15 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 26:39 (Holiness Code); Psalm 31:11; Psalm 106:43; Jeremiah 51:6; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 7:16; Ezekiel 24:23; Ezekiel 39:23
• עת ע׳ קץ Ezekiel 21:30; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 35:5

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Siegfried-Stade's Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

³ Frants Buhl, Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebräisches und Aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἀδικίασ ἁμαρτίασ ἀνομίασ ἁμαρτίαν ἀδικίαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5771:

ἀδικίασ 27× (11.9%)

ἁμαρτίασ 26× (10.8%)

ἀνομίασ 23× (8.9%)

ἁμαρτίαν 14× (6.2%)

ἀδικίαν 14× (6.2%)

ἀνομίαν 13× (5.6%)

ἀδικίαισ 10× (3.8%)

ἀδικία 8× (3.7%)

ἀνομία 7× (3.0%)

ἀδικιῶν 6× (2.6%)

אביו אָביו

father of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1

I. אָב (approximate number of occurrences: 1191) noun masculine — father.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אב
• Assyrian abu
• Arabic أب
• Sabean אב (Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, 1, 37 1. 2 and others)
• Ethiopic አብ
• Aramaic אַבָּא
• Arabic (Kufic style) أب

— אָב absolute Genesis 44:19 (47 times); construct אַב Genesis 17:4, Genesis 17:5; (compare in אַבְרָהָם Genesis 17:5 and elsewhere in proper names. On Halévy's proposed אֲבִר see אַבְרָהָם); אֲבִי (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §90, §3b, §96) Genesis 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Genesis 19:34 + (Massoretic Text אבי); אָבִיךָ Genesis 12:1 +; אָבִיו Genesis 2:24 +; אָבִיהָ Judges 14:10 + (6 times); plural אָבוֹת Exodus 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֹת Exodus 6:25 (7 times); suffix אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָי) Genesis 47:9 (15 times); אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Chronicles 4:38 (32 times, late); אֲבוֹתָם Exodus 4:5 (106 times) etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Biological father

• Genesis 2:24 (+ אֵם)
• Genesis 11:28–29
• Genesis 19:31–33
• + often (mostly Jehovist Source², Elohist Source³, Deuteronomist)

b. Father as authority / commander

• Genesis 50:16 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 35:6–7
• Proverbs 6:20
• compare Genesis 18:19; Jehovist Source Genesis 28:1, 6 Priests' Code / Narrative; 1 Samuel 17:20; 1 Kings 2:1

c. Instructor / disciplinarian

• מוֹסֵר Proverbs 1:8
• Proverbs 4:1
• compare Deuteronomy 8:5

d. Begetter (genitor)

• Proverbs 23:22
• Zechariah 13:3 (+ אֵם)
• Isaiah 45:10 (+ אֵם)
• compare Genesis 49:4 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 18:7, 8, 11 (Priests' Code / Narrative)

e. Emotional and relational roles

• Rebuking: Genesis 37:10
• Loving: Genesis 37:4; Genesis 44:20 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare Genesis 22:2; Genesis 25:28; Genesis 37:3; 2 Samuel 14:1)
• Pitying: Psalm 103:13 (in simile, compare 2 Samuel 18:5)
• Blessing: Genesis 27:41 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare Genesis 27:4; also Genesis 28:1 Priests' Code / Narrative +)
• Glad: Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 15:20; compare Proverbs 29:3
• Grieving: Genesis 37:35 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source; compare 2 Samuel 12:22; 2 Samuel 19:1–2) etc.

f. Object of honor and obedience

• Exodus 20:12 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:16
• Exodus 21:15, 17 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 21:18–19
• Genesis 28:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative); 1 Kings 19:20 (all + אֵם); 1 Kings 50:1; 1 Kings 50:5 (Jehovist Source); Malachi 1:6 etc.

2. Metaphorical Extension

Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (parallel אִמִּי and אֲחֹתִי).

3. Of God as father

Of God as father of his people (see Revue Sémitique Sem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it:

• Deuteronomy 32:6
• Jeremiah 3:4, 19
• Jeremiah 31:9
• Isaiah 63:16 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 64:7
• Malachi 1:6
• Malachi 2:10
• compare Exodus 4:22; Exodus 19:4 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 32:11; Hosea 11:1
• compare Jeremiah 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ יִלַּדְתַּנִי
• especially God as father of Davidic line 2 Samuel 7:14; Psalm 89:27
• of needy (late) Psalm 68:6 (compare Psalm 103:13)

4. Head of household, family or clan

• בֵּית אָבִי as abode Genesis 38:11 (twice in verse); Leviticus 22:13 +
• = family Genesis 24:40 (parallel מִשְׁמַחְתִּי); Genesis 41:51; Genesis 46:31; Numbers 18:1–2; Joshua 2:12, 18; Joshua 6:25
• especially technical of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Numbers 3:30, 35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan
• more often plural (אֲבוֹתָם, אֲבוֹתִיו) בֵּית אָבוֹת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Dillmann on Exodus 6:14) Exodus 6:14; Exodus 12:3; Numbers 1:2, 18 ff (often in Numbers); Joshua 14:1; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:1 (twice in verse); Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse) (always Priests' Code / Narrative in Hexateuch); also 1 Chronicles 5:13, 15 + often in Chronicles
• compare רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹת הַלְוִיִּם (= בֵּית אָב) Exodus 6:25 compare 1 Kings 8:1; 1 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Chronicles 7:11; Ezra, Nehemiah

5. Ancestor

• (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Genesis 28:13; Genesis 32:10 (Jehovist Source; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); great-grandfather 1 Kings 15:13; great-great-grandfather 1 Kings 15:11 etc.
• often plural (= fathers, forefathers) Genesis 15:15; Genesis 46:34 (Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); 1 Kings 19:4; 1 Kings 21:3–4; 2 Kings 19:12; 2 Kings 20:17 +
• particularly שָׁכַב עִם אֲבוֹתָיו 1 Kings 1:21; 1 Kings 2:10; 1 Kings 11:21; 1 Kings 22:40 +
• joined with וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִם אָב 1 Kings 14:31; 1 Kings 15:24; 1 Kings 22:51; 2 Kings 8:24; 2 Kings 15:38 compare 2 Kings 15:7, 2 Kings 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah)
• intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exodus 10:6 compare Daniel 11:24
• (b) of people Genesis 10:21 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 17:4–5 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Genesis 19:37–38 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 36:9, 43 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Deuteronomy 26:5; Isaiah 51:2; Isaiah 43:27 (where אֲבִיךָ הָרִאשׁוֹן thy first father, see Cheyne); compare also Ezekiel 16:3, 45 + often
• plural Exodus 3:13–16 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 1:8; Joshua 1:6; Judges 2:1; 1 Samuel 12:6 +; 1 Samuel 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם (We⁴, Driver⁵)

6. Originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

• Genesis 4:20–21

7. Figurative of producer, generator

• Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָב (parallel הוֹלִיד אֶגְלִיטָל)

8. Figurative of benevolence and protection

• Job 29:16 אָב אָנֹכִי לָאֶבְיוֹנִים, compare Job 31:18
• of Eliakim Isaiah 22:21
• perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isaiah 9:5 everlasting father (Gesenius, Ewald, Delitzsch, Cheyne, Briggs, Dillmann) — others divider of spoil (Abulwalid, Hitzig, Knobel, Kuenen, Briggs, Marti)

9. Term of respect and honor

(Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to:

• master 2 Kings 5:13
• priest Judges 17:10; Judges 18:19
• prophet 2 Kings 2:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 6:21; 2 Kings 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2 Kings 8:9; counsellor Genesis 45:8 (Elohist Source; compare διοικητὴρ πατρός — add. Esther 3:13; τὸ πατρὶ 1 Maccabees Esther 11:32); king 1 Samuel 24:12; artificer 2 Chronicles 2:12; 2 Chronicles 4:16

10. Specifically, ruler, chief (late)

• 1 Chronicles 2:24, 42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ewald §273b) see also Ewald Geschichte i. 524. H i. 365

On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Cheyne Encyclopaedia Biblica, ABI, NAMES WITH; Nöldeke ibid., NAMES, §§44, 45.

א, Aleph, first letter; in post-Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed Massoretic Text); א׳ = 1000; no evidence of this usage in Old Testament times.

אָב see II. אַבָּה.

אַבַּב (fresh, bright, Assyrian abābu Delitzsch Wörterbuch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

⁴ J. Wellhausen.

⁵ S. R. Driver.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

חיה חָיֹה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חיה

châyâh

Definition

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

Root

a primitive root (compare H2331 (חוה), H2421 (חיה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חוה, חיה); to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive; keep (leave, make) alive, [idiom] certainly, give (promise) life, (let, suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken, recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, ([idiom] God) save (alive, life, lives), [idiom] surely, be whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 479

To live, in the widest sense; to breathe, to blow; to continue to live; to revive or live again, from death or sickness; to recover; to live well or happily.

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 480

to live, especially in the Pentateuch.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַיֶה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

lively, strong, vigorous (Ex. 1:19).

חַיָּה

f. const. חַיַּת • Root חי • Page 225

1. living, hence a living soul, an animal (Gen. 37:20, 33). Often collectively: every animal (Gen. 7:14), the beasts of the field (Gen. 1:24, 25). 2. life (Job 33:18, 22, 28, Ps. 143:3). 3. i.q. נֶפֶשׁ desire, hunger (Job 33:20, 38:19). 4. i.q. חָוָה a band or company of men (2 Sam. 23:11, 13).

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

1. to live, often to be in good health (Deut. 8:1). 2. to continue alive (Num. 14:38). 3. to come to life again, to revive (Ezek. 37:5, 1 K. 17:22, Gen. 45:27). 4. to be restored to health (Gen. 20:7). Includes Pi. (to make alive) and Hiph. (to restore to life).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2421

I. חָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 283) verb — live.

Cognates:

• Phoenician חוא
• Late Hebrew חָיָה
• Arabic حيي, حي
• Sabean חיו¹
• Ethiopic ሐይወ
• Aramaic חֲיָא
• Palmyrene חיי²

— חָיָה Qal₂₀₃ Perfect חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 (4 times); יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9, Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 (23 times) (this and the following form are treated as עע֞, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either לה֞ or עע֞, GKC³ § 76 (2) g); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Bö⁴ § 1181); 3 feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13, Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö⁴ § 1123 (3), Samaritan חיתה); 2 masculine singular חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3 masculine plural חָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consecutive Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi`el וְחִיּוּ Sta⁵ so ᵐ5); וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 (2 times); Imperfect יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 (27 times); יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 (10 times); וִיחִי Psalm 49:10 (2 times); וְיֶחִ֑י Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 (37 times); וַיֶּחִ֑י Deuteronomy 4:33 (4 times); 3 feminine singular תִּחְיֶה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 (5 times); 2 masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 (7 times); 2 feminine singular תִּחְיִי 2 Kings 4:7; 1 singular אֶחְיֶה 2 Kings 1:2 (8 times); 3 masculine plural יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 (8 times); 3 feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19, Ezekiel 37:3; 2 masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 (2 times); תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:30, Deuteronomy 8:1; 1 plural נִחְיֶה 2 Kings 7:4 (7 times); Imperative וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7, Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; feminine singular חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6 (twice in verse); masculine plural וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 (7 times); Infinitive absolute חָיֹה 2 Kings 8:10 (6 times); חָיוֺ Ezekiel 3:21 (3 times); construct לִחְיוֺת Ezekiel 33:12; suffix חֲיוֺתָם Joshua 5:8.

1. Qal — live

1. have life
   • Genesis 31:32 (Elohist Source)
   • Exodus 33:20 (Jehovist Source)
   • Numbers 4:19 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
   • Deuteronomy 30:16 +
   • In phrase וַיְחִי (and he lived) with accusative of time: Genesis 5:3–30 (16 times), Genesis 9:28, Genesis 11:11–26 (14 times), Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22 (E), 2 Kings 14:17, 2 Chronicles 25:25, Job 42:16
2. continue in life, remain alive
   • Genesis 20:7 (E), Leviticus 25:36, 2 Samuel 12:22 +
   • Also ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self: Genesis 12:13, Genesis 19:20 (J), 1 Kings 20:32, Psalm 119:175, Jeremiah 38:2, 17, 20, Isaiah 55:3
   • וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד (and the boy may live): 2 Samuel 12:22
   • ח׳ לפני (live in the presence of): Genesis 17:18 (P), Hosea 6:2
   • ח׳ ב׳ (live among): Lamentations 4:20
3. sustain life, live on or upon
   • Of animal life, by the sword: Genesis 27:40 (J)
   • By bread: Deuteronomy 8:3
   • In pregnant sense of fullness of life: Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 38:16
   • Of wicked man, by repentance: Ezekiel 33:19
   • With בְּ by the statutes of יהוה: Leviticus 18:5 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 21, 25, Nehemiah 9:29
   • צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֺ יִחְיֶה (a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live): Habakkuk 2:4
4. live (prosperously)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך (may the king live): 1 Samuel 10:24, 2 Samuel 16:16, 1 Kings 1:25, 31, 34, 39, 2 Kings 11:12, 2 Chronicles 23:11
   • יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם: Psalm 22:27, Psalm 69:33
   • המלך לעולם יחיה: Nehemiah 2:3

2. Qal — be quickened, revive

1. from sickness
   • Numbers 21:8, 9, Joshua 5:8 (E), 2 Kings 1:2, 2 Kings 8:8, 9, 10, 14, 2 Kings 20:1, 7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21
2. from discouragement / faintness
   • Of the spirit: Genesis 45:27 (E)
   • From faintness: Judges 15:19
3. from death
   • 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:14, Isaiah 26:14, 19
   • By return of נפשׁ: 1 Kings 17:22
   • Of רוּהַ: Ezekiel 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Judges 15:19)

— חִיָּה Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular חִיָּה Psalm 22:30; 3 feminine singular suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalm 119:50; 2 masculine singular suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Psalm 30:4, חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalm 119:93; 3 plural חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; Imperfect יְחַיֶּה 1 Samuel 27:9 +; Imperative suffix חַיֵּנִי Psalm 119:25 (8 times), חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; Infinitive construct חַיּוֺת Genesis 7:3, Ezekiel 13:19; suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +; Participle מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6, 1 Samuel 2:6.

3. Pi`el — preserve alive, revive

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Exodus 1:17, 18, 22, Exodus 22:17, Joshua 9:15 (JE), Genesis 12:12 (J), Numbers 31:15 (P), Deuteronomy 6:24, Deuteronomy 20:16, Judges 21:14, 1 Samuel 27:9, 11, 1 Kings 18:5, 2 Kings 7:4, Jeremiah 49:11, Ezekiel 3:18, Habakkuk 3:2, Job 36:6, Psalm 30:4, Psalm 33:19, Psalm 41:3, Psalm 138:7
   • ח׳ נפשׁ (preserve oneself alive): Psalm 22:30, Ezekiel 18:27
   • ח׳ זרע (preserve seed alive): Genesis 7:3, Genesis 19:32, 34 (J)
   • Keep in existence: Nehemiah 9:6
   • Nourish: Isaiah 7:21, 2 Samuel 12:3
2. give life
   • To man when created: Job 33:4
3. quicken, revive, refresh
   • Restore to life the dead: 1 Samuel 2:6, Deuteronomy 32:39, Hosea 6:2, Psalm 71:20
   • Cause to grow: Hosea 14:8
   • Restore a ruined city / stones: 1 Chronicles 11:8, Nehemiah 3:34
   • Revive the people of יהוה: Psalm 80:19, Psalm 85:7, Psalm 119:37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159, Psalm 143:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12

— הֶחֱיָה Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 (5 times); 2 masculine singular suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1 singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33; הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13, Judges 8:19; Imperative suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; Infinitive absolute הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֺת Genesis 6:20 (6 times), הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19, Genesis 50:20; suffix הַחֲיֹתוֺ Ezekiel 13:22.

4. Hiph`il — preserve alive / quicken

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Genesis 45:7, Genesis 50:20 (E), Genesis 47:25, Numbers 22:33, Joshua 2:13, Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10 (D), Genesis 6:19, 20, Numbers 31:18, Joshua 9:20 (P), Judges 8:19, 2 Samuel 8:2, Ezekiel 13:22
   • With נפשׁ: Genesis 19:19 (J)
2. quicken, revive
   • Restore to health: 2 Kings 5:7, Isaiah 38:16
   • Revive the לֵב and רוּחַ: Isaiah 57:15 (twice in verse)
   • Restore to life the dead: 2 Kings 8:1, 5 (3 times in verse)

¹ Mordtmann, J. H., "Himjarische Inschriften und Alterthümer," in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1876, p. 28.

² Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques, 1868–77, Nos. 32, 74.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Böttcher, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 1866–68.

⁵ Bernhard Stade, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), i. 1881, p. 22.

Verb Qal infinitive absolute

LXX: ζήσεται ἔζησεν ζήτω ζήσομαι ζωῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2421:

ζήσεται 55× (18.4%)

ἔζησεν 39× (12.3%)

ζήτω 11× (4.0%)

ζήσομαι 10× (3.2%)

ζωῇ 10× (3.6%)

ζῆσόν 9× (3.2%)

ζήσῃ 8× (2.8%)

ζήσεσθε 7× (2.2%)

'' 6× (1.8%)

ζήσονται 6× (2.1%)

יחיה יִחְיֶה׃

he is living

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חיה

châyâh

Definition

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

Root

a primitive root (compare H2331 (חוה), H2421 (חיה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חוה, חיה); to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive; keep (leave, make) alive, [idiom] certainly, give (promise) life, (let, suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken, recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, ([idiom] God) save (alive, life, lives), [idiom] surely, be whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 479

To live, in the widest sense; to breathe, to blow; to continue to live; to revive or live again, from death or sickness; to recover; to live well or happily.

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 480

to live, especially in the Pentateuch.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַיֶה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

lively, strong, vigorous (Ex. 1:19).

חַיָּה

f. const. חַיַּת • Root חי • Page 225

1. living, hence a living soul, an animal (Gen. 37:20, 33). Often collectively: every animal (Gen. 7:14), the beasts of the field (Gen. 1:24, 25). 2. life (Job 33:18, 22, 28, Ps. 143:3). 3. i.q. נֶפֶשׁ desire, hunger (Job 33:20, 38:19). 4. i.q. חָוָה a band or company of men (2 Sam. 23:11, 13).

חָיָה

verb • Root חיה • Page 225

1. to live, often to be in good health (Deut. 8:1). 2. to continue alive (Num. 14:38). 3. to come to life again, to revive (Ezek. 37:5, 1 K. 17:22, Gen. 45:27). 4. to be restored to health (Gen. 20:7). Includes Pi. (to make alive) and Hiph. (to restore to life).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2421

I. חָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 283) verb — live.

Cognates:

• Phoenician חוא
• Late Hebrew חָיָה
• Arabic حيي, حي
• Sabean חיו¹
• Ethiopic ሐይወ
• Aramaic חֲיָא
• Palmyrene חיי²

— חָיָה Qal₂₀₃ Perfect חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 (4 times); יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9, Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 (23 times) (this and the following form are treated as עע֞, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either לה֞ or עע֞, GKC³ § 76 (2) g); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Bö⁴ § 1181); 3 feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13, Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö⁴ § 1123 (3), Samaritan חיתה); 2 masculine singular חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3 masculine plural חָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consecutive Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi`el וְחִיּוּ Sta⁵ so ᵐ5); וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 (2 times); Imperfect יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 (27 times); יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 (10 times); וִיחִי Psalm 49:10 (2 times); וְיֶחִ֑י Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 (37 times); וַיֶּחִ֑י Deuteronomy 4:33 (4 times); 3 feminine singular תִּחְיֶה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 (5 times); 2 masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 (7 times); 2 feminine singular תִּחְיִי 2 Kings 4:7; 1 singular אֶחְיֶה 2 Kings 1:2 (8 times); 3 masculine plural יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 (8 times); 3 feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19, Ezekiel 37:3; 2 masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 (2 times); תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:30, Deuteronomy 8:1; 1 plural נִחְיֶה 2 Kings 7:4 (7 times); Imperative וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7, Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; feminine singular חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6 (twice in verse); masculine plural וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 (7 times); Infinitive absolute חָיֹה 2 Kings 8:10 (6 times); חָיוֺ Ezekiel 3:21 (3 times); construct לִחְיוֺת Ezekiel 33:12; suffix חֲיוֺתָם Joshua 5:8.

1. Qal — live

1. have life
   • Genesis 31:32 (Elohist Source)
   • Exodus 33:20 (Jehovist Source)
   • Numbers 4:19 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
   • Deuteronomy 30:16 +
   • In phrase וַיְחִי (and he lived) with accusative of time: Genesis 5:3–30 (16 times), Genesis 9:28, Genesis 11:11–26 (14 times), Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22 (E), 2 Kings 14:17, 2 Chronicles 25:25, Job 42:16
2. continue in life, remain alive
   • Genesis 20:7 (E), Leviticus 25:36, 2 Samuel 12:22 +
   • Also ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self: Genesis 12:13, Genesis 19:20 (J), 1 Kings 20:32, Psalm 119:175, Jeremiah 38:2, 17, 20, Isaiah 55:3
   • וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד (and the boy may live): 2 Samuel 12:22
   • ח׳ לפני (live in the presence of): Genesis 17:18 (P), Hosea 6:2
   • ח׳ ב׳ (live among): Lamentations 4:20
3. sustain life, live on or upon
   • Of animal life, by the sword: Genesis 27:40 (J)
   • By bread: Deuteronomy 8:3
   • In pregnant sense of fullness of life: Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 38:16
   • Of wicked man, by repentance: Ezekiel 33:19
   • With בְּ by the statutes of יהוה: Leviticus 18:5 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 20:11, 13, 21, 25, Nehemiah 9:29
   • צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֺ יִחְיֶה (a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live): Habakkuk 2:4
4. live (prosperously)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך (may the king live): 1 Samuel 10:24, 2 Samuel 16:16, 1 Kings 1:25, 31, 34, 39, 2 Kings 11:12, 2 Chronicles 23:11
   • יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם: Psalm 22:27, Psalm 69:33
   • המלך לעולם יחיה: Nehemiah 2:3

2. Qal — be quickened, revive

1. from sickness
   • Numbers 21:8, 9, Joshua 5:8 (E), 2 Kings 1:2, 2 Kings 8:8, 9, 10, 14, 2 Kings 20:1, 7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21
2. from discouragement / faintness
   • Of the spirit: Genesis 45:27 (E)
   • From faintness: Judges 15:19
3. from death
   • 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:14, Isaiah 26:14, 19
   • By return of נפשׁ: 1 Kings 17:22
   • Of רוּהַ: Ezekiel 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Judges 15:19)

— חִיָּה Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular חִיָּה Psalm 22:30; 3 feminine singular suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalm 119:50; 2 masculine singular suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Psalm 30:4, חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalm 119:93; 3 plural חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; Imperfect יְחַיֶּה 1 Samuel 27:9 +; Imperative suffix חַיֵּנִי Psalm 119:25 (8 times), חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; Infinitive construct חַיּוֺת Genesis 7:3, Ezekiel 13:19; suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +; Participle מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6, 1 Samuel 2:6.

3. Pi`el — preserve alive, revive

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Exodus 1:17, 18, 22, Exodus 22:17, Joshua 9:15 (JE), Genesis 12:12 (J), Numbers 31:15 (P), Deuteronomy 6:24, Deuteronomy 20:16, Judges 21:14, 1 Samuel 27:9, 11, 1 Kings 18:5, 2 Kings 7:4, Jeremiah 49:11, Ezekiel 3:18, Habakkuk 3:2, Job 36:6, Psalm 30:4, Psalm 33:19, Psalm 41:3, Psalm 138:7
   • ח׳ נפשׁ (preserve oneself alive): Psalm 22:30, Ezekiel 18:27
   • ח׳ זרע (preserve seed alive): Genesis 7:3, Genesis 19:32, 34 (J)
   • Keep in existence: Nehemiah 9:6
   • Nourish: Isaiah 7:21, 2 Samuel 12:3
2. give life
   • To man when created: Job 33:4
3. quicken, revive, refresh
   • Restore to life the dead: 1 Samuel 2:6, Deuteronomy 32:39, Hosea 6:2, Psalm 71:20
   • Cause to grow: Hosea 14:8
   • Restore a ruined city / stones: 1 Chronicles 11:8, Nehemiah 3:34
   • Revive the people of יהוה: Psalm 80:19, Psalm 85:7, Psalm 119:37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159, Psalm 143:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12

— הֶחֱיָה Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 (5 times); 2 masculine singular suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1 singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33; הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13, Judges 8:19; Imperative suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; Infinitive absolute הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֺת Genesis 6:20 (6 times), הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19, Genesis 50:20; suffix הַחֲיֹתוֺ Ezekiel 13:22.

4. Hiph`il — preserve alive / quicken

1. preserve alive, let live
   • Genesis 45:7, Genesis 50:20 (E), Genesis 47:25, Numbers 22:33, Joshua 2:13, Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10 (D), Genesis 6:19, 20, Numbers 31:18, Joshua 9:20 (P), Judges 8:19, 2 Samuel 8:2, Ezekiel 13:22
   • With נפשׁ: Genesis 19:19 (J)
2. quicken, revive
   • Restore to health: 2 Kings 5:7, Isaiah 38:16
   • Revive the לֵב and רוּחַ: Isaiah 57:15 (twice in verse)
   • Restore to life the dead: 2 Kings 8:1, 5 (3 times in verse)

¹ Mordtmann, J. H., "Himjarische Inschriften und Alterthümer," in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1876, p. 28.

² Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques, 1868–77, Nos. 32, 74.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Böttcher, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 1866–68.

⁵ Bernhard Stade, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), i. 1881, p. 22.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ζήσεται ἔζησεν ζήτω ζήσομαι ζωῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2421:

ζήσεται 55× (18.4%)

ἔζησεν 39× (12.3%)

ζήτω 11× (4.0%)

ζήσομαι 10× (3.2%)

ζωῇ 10× (3.6%)

ζῆσόν 9× (3.2%)

ζήσῃ 8× (2.8%)

ζήσεσθε 7× (2.2%)

'' 6× (1.8%)

ζήσονται 6× (2.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Turning back his hand from the poor, taking not usury and interest, doing my judgment, going in my laws; he shall not die in the iniquity of his father; living, he shall live.

LITV Translation:
has withdrawn his hand from the poor, and has not received interest and increase. He has done My judgments, has walked in My statutes. He shall not die for the iniquity of his father. He shall surely live.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and has turned back his hand from unrighteousness, has not received interest or usurious increase, has wrought righteousness, and walked in mine ordinances; he shall not die for the iniquities of his father, he shall surely live.