Ezekiel 16:62

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והקימותי וַהֲקִימוֹתִי

and I have established/stood up

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קום

qûwm

Definition

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative); abide, accomplish, [idiom] be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, [idiom] be dim, endure, [idiom] enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift up (again), make, [idiom] but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise (up), rear (up), remain, (a-) rise (up) (again, against), rouse up, set (up), (e-) stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up, strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -rising).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6965

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1267

To be, to stand in a place, to stand fast, subsist, live, exist, rule (over a kingdom), endure, keep hold, remain, stand up, rise (from falling, kneeling, sitting, or generally), appear (as a witness or hostilely), succeed, prepare, or start up. Also metaphorically to be brought about (a plan, prediction, etc.) or to be firm/decided.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Page 583

fut. יָקוּם. 1. to stand or get up, to rise, arise. Gen. 22: 3. Job 1: 20. With redundant dative קוּמִי לָךְ rise up, Cant. 2: 10. 2. to stand, in different relations; to last, endure. Job 15: 29. Amos 7: 2, 5. to continue, construed with לְ to a person, Lev. 25: 30. 3. to prosper, construed with בְּ. Job 22: 28. Is. 8: 10. 4. to come to pass, to be fulfilled, spoken of a prediction. Jer. 44: 28. 5. to be legal, valid; spoken e. g. of testimony, Deut. 19: 15; of a vow, Num. 30: 5 ff. 6. to stand by, assist, Ps. 94: 16. 7. to stand before, resist. Josh. 7: 13. 8. קָמוּ עֵינַיִם the eyes were fixed or set, 1 K. 14: 4. 9. pass. of Pi.

קוּם

verb • Page 584

1. to rise up. (Dan. 3:24). 2. to stand. (Dan. 3:3; 7:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6965

I. לֵב קָמָי probably late Atbash (compare שֵׁשַׁךְ) for כשׂדים the original reading (ᵐ5¹) Jeremiah 51:1.

II. קוּם (approximate number of occurrences: 628) — arise, stand up, stand. (Late Hebrew in derived species and derivatives).

Cognates:

• Phoenician Hiph`il Participle and מקם place
• Arabic قام stand, rise
• Ethiopic ቆመ stand, stop
• Sabean מקם place
• Aramaic קוּם, קָם; Old Aramaic Nabataean קום
• Palmyrene Aph`el אקים erect statue
• Assyrian kumu place, dwelling, kaiamânu enduring
• Samaritan live

— קוּם absolute Jeremiah 44:29; construct קָוּם Amos 5:2; Perfect 3 masculine singular קָם 1 Samuel 17:48 +, וְקָאם Hosea 10:14; 2 masculine singular קַמְתָּ 2 Samuel 12:21; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָקוּם Exodus 21:19, jussive יָקֻם Genesis 27:31; Imperative masculine singular קוּם Genesis 13:17; feminine plural קֹמְנָה Isaiah 32:9; Participle feminine singular קָמָה Micah 7:6; masculine plural קָמִים 2 Samuel 18:31.

Qal (460 occurrences)

1. Arise

מִתַּחְתָּיו Exodus 10:23 (Elohist Source).

a. After lying down

• (Sleep, sickness, mourning) 1 Samuel 3:6, 8; 2 Samuel 12:21; Genesis 19:33, 35
• From lying dead 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:12; Isaiah 26:14, 19
• After falling Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14; Jeremiah 8:4
• From sitting or reclining, at meals Genesis 25:34; 1 Samuel 1:9; Esther 7:7
• In respect/honor Genesis 19:1; Leviticus 19:32; Job 29:8
• From kneeling 1 Kings 8:54; from bending over dead Genesis 23:3 (Priests' Code)

b. Out of a condition or state

• Ezra 9:5

c. Of bear rising

• 1 Samuel 17:35

d. Arise and stand

• Exodus 33:8; Psalm 20:9 figurative
• Of a sheaf Genesis 37:7; of waters Joshua 3:16

e. Construction Praegnans

• Numbers 11:32 (Elohist Source)
• Over a person 2 Samuel 12:17

f. Preliminary to formal speech or act

• Judges 20:8; Micah 6:1; Proverbs 31:28
• To testify Deuteronomy 19:15–16; Psalm 35:11
• To read aloud Nehemiah 9:3; to bless 2 Chronicles 30:27

g. To listen to God's word

• Numbers 23:18; Isaiah 32:9

h. Of noise, tumult, or light

• Hosea 10:14; Job 25:3

2. Hostile sense (rise against)

• With עַל Deuteronomy 19:11; Judges 9:18; Psalm 27:3
• Of God arising Amos 7:9; Isaiah 14:22
• With אֶל Genesis 4:8; 1 Samuel 24:8
• Participle with suffix (enemies) Exodus 15:7; Deuteronomy 33:11
• Revolt Numbers 16:2; 2 Kings 12:21

3. Become powerful

• Proverbs 28:12, 28

4. Arise (appear on scene)

• Of leader, prophet, or king Judges 5:7; Deuteronomy 13:2; Exodus 1:8
• In place of (תַּחַת) 1 Kings 8:20; Numbers 32:14
• Of calamity Nahum 1:9; Proverbs 24:22

5. Arise for, i.e. to become

• For a witness Zephaniah 3:8 (לְעֵד)
• Ezekiel 7:11 (dubious)

6. Arise for action

a. Especially of God arising

• For judgment Psalm 76:10; Job 31:14
• Imperative קוּמָה Numbers 10:35; Psalm 3:8

b. Introducing specific deed

• Genesis 21:18; Exodus 32:1; Judges 8:20

c. Start/Move to go somewhere

• Genesis 13:17; 1 Samuel 9:3; Jonah 1:3

7. Stand (Figurative)

a. Maintain oneself

• Joshua 7:12; Amos 7:2; Psalm 1:5

b. Be established, confirmed

• Of a kingdom 1 Samuel 24:21; of purchase Leviticus 27:19
• Assured to (ל) Leviticus 25:30; Genesis 23:17 (Priests' Code)

c. Stand, endure

• 1 Samuel 13:14; Job 8:15

d. Be fixed (of price)

• Leviticus 27:14

e. Be valid (of vows)

• Numbers 30:5 (Priests' Code)

f. Be proven

• Deuteronomy 19:15

g. Be fulfilled / Succeed

• Jeremiah 44:29; Isaiah 14:24; Proverbs 19:21; Isaiah 7:7

h. Persist

• Isaiah 32:8

i. Represent a name

• Deuteronomy 25:6

j. Of eyes (be set/fixed)

• 1 Samuel 4:15; 1 Kings 14:4

Pi`el — Late (Aramaic)

1. Fulfil

• Ezekiel 13:6; Psalm 119:106

2. Confirm, ratify, establish

• Ruth 4:7; Psalm 119:28
• Impose obligation Esther 9:21, 27, 31

Po`l. raise up (rebuilding)

• Isaiah 44:26; Isaiah 58:2; Isaiah 61:4

Hithpolel raise oneself, rise up (hostile)

• Job 20:27; Job 27:7; Psalm 17:7; Psalm 59:2

Hiph`il (146 occurrences) cause to arise, raise, set up

1. Cause to arise

a. Prostrate person or thing

• 2 Samuel 12:17; Deuteronomy 22:4; Psalm 41:11
• Figurative Amos 9:11; 1 Samuel 2:8

b. From throne

• Isaiah 14:9

c. Lift up shield

• Ezekiel 26:8

2. Raise, set up, erect

a. Physical objects

• Stones Joshua 4:9, 20; Deuteronomy 27:2
• Pillars 1 Kings 7:21; Exodus 40:18
• Idols Judges 18:30; Leviticus 26:1

b. Erect, build

• Altar 2 Samuel 24:18; Tabernacle Exodus 40:2

c. Set up law

• Psalm 78:5

3. Raise up (bring on scene)

• Sons Joshua 5:7; 2 Samuel 7:12
• Seed Genesis 38:8 (Jehovist Source)
• Judges Judges 2:16; Kings Jeremiah 23:5; Prophets Deuteronomy 18:15

4. Rouse, instigate

• Rouse lion Genesis 49:9
• Instigate person against another Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 11:14

5. Constitute

• Deuteronomy 29:12; Amos 2:11

6. Cause to stand / Establish

• Set sentinels Judges 7:19; Jeremiah 51:12
• Establish covenant Genesis 6:18; Genesis 17:7 (Priests' Code)
• Perform oath/word 1 Samuel 1:23; Genesis 26:3

Hoph`al be raised up, be set up, be observed

• 2 Samuel 23:1; Exodus 40:17; Jeremiah 35:14

---

מָקוֹם (approximate number of occurrences: 399) noun masculine (apparently feminine in Job 20:9) — standing-place, place.

1. Standing-place, station

• Exodus 3:5; Joshua 5:15; Genesis 19:27
• Of the earth Isaiah 13:13; of the heart Job 37:1
• Military station Joshua 8:19; office Ecclesiastes 10:4

2. Place where a thing belongs / Abode

• Genesis 29:3; 1 Samuel 5:3
• Human abode Genesis 13:14; God's abode Hosea 5:15; 1 Kings 8:30

3. City, land, region

• City Genesis 18:24; Canaan Exodus 23:20; plot of ground 1 Chronicles 21:22

4. Locality, spot

• Banquet place 1 Samuel 9:22; sleeping-place 1 Samuel 3:2
• Shrine, sanctuary Genesis 12:6, 28:11
• Temple Deuteronomy 12:5; 1 Kings 8:29; Isaiah 60:3

5. Space, room, direction

• Genesis 24:23; distance 1 Samuel 26:13; direction Ezekiel 10:11

---

Aramaic

I. קוּם — verb arise, stand (Biblical Hebrew קוּם).

Pe`al

1. literally arise
   • From throne Daniel 3:24; from bed Daniel 6:20
2. figurative come on scene
   • Of kingdom Daniel 2:39; of king Daniel 7:17
3. stand / endure
   • Daniel 2:31; Daniel 2:44

Pa`el establish ordinance

• Daniel 6:8

Haph`el set up, establish, appoint

• Set up image Daniel 3:1; establish Daniel 6:9
• Appoint Ezra 6:18; Daniel 5:11

Hoph`al be made to stand

• Daniel 7:4

¹ ᵐ5 Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἀνέστη ἀνάστηθι ἀναστὰσ ἀνέστησαν ἀνάστα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6965b:

ἀνέστη 97× (13.4%)

ἀνάστηθι 38× (6.0%)

ἀναστὰσ 35× (5.2%)

ἀνέστησαν 25× (3.4%)

ἀνάστα 17× (2.7%)

ἀνάστητε 17× (2.7%)

ἔστησεν 16× (2.2%)

'' 15× (2.0%)

ἀναστήσω 15× (2.1%)

ἀναστήσονται 10× (1.6%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

בריתי בְּרִיתי

alliance of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ברית

bᵉrîyth

Definition

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

Root

from H1262 (ברה) (in the sense of cutting (like H1254 (ברא)));

Exhaustive

from ברה (in the sense of cutting (like ברא)); a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh); confederacy, (con-) feder(-ate), covenant, league.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1285

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּרִית

noun feminine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 278

Covenant, league (prop. cutting in pieces of the sacrificial animal).

Matched via consonantal key only

בֹּרִית

noun feminine • Root ברר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 278

Lye, vegetable kali, a material for cleansing; salt of lye from soap plants.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּרִית

f. dec. i. • Root ברה • Page 116

covenant, league, compact. Often denotes the person with whom the covenant is made (Lev. 26:45). In some contexts equivalent to law, such as 'the law chest' or 'ark of the covenant' (Josh. 3:6) and 'book of the law' (Ex. 24:7). Referenced in 1 Chr. 7:23, Deut. 4:31, and Mal. 3:2.

בֹּרִית

noun feminine • Root ברר • Page 116

alkali, lie, lixivium; especially vegetable alkali procured from the ashes of alkaline plants used by ancients for cleansing and washing clothes. As to its form, it is probably a denom. from בָּרַר (purification). Referenced in Jer. 2:22 and Mal. 3:2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1285

I. בְּרִית (approximate number of occurrences: 285) noun feminine — covenant (parallel Aramaic קְיָם, διαθήκη; constitutio).

— בְּרִית Genesis 9:13 (199 times); suffix בְּרִיתִי Genesis 6:18 (50 times); בְּרִיתְךָ Deuteronomy 33:9; בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 44:18 (11 times); בְּרִיתְכֶם Isaiah 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ Ezekiel 16:61; בְּרִיתוֹ Exodus 2:24 (18 times); — pact, compact, covenant.

I. Between men

1. Treaty, alliance, league

• Abraham and Amorites Genesis 14:13
• Edom and its allies Obadiah 7
• With Philistines Genesis 21:27, 32 (Elohist Source), Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• Jacob and Laban Genesis 31:44 (Jehovist Source)
• Joshua and Gibeonites Joshua 9:6, 7, 11, 15, 16 (Jehovist Source)
• Israel and Canaanites Exodus 23:32; Exodus 34:12, 15 (Jehovist/Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2
• Ammonites and Jabesh 1 Samuel 11:1
• Solomon and Hiram 1 Kings 5:26
• Ahab and Benhadad 1 Kings 20:34
• Syria and Israel 1 Kings 15:19; 2 Chronicles 16:3
• Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ezekiel 17:13–19
• Nations against Israel Psalm 83:6
• Nations with Egypt Ezekiel 30:5
• Ephraim and Assyria Hosea 12:2
• Judah and Israel Ezekiel 16:61
• Judah and Tyre Amos 1:9
• Assyria and Judah Isaiah 33:8
• נְגִיד בְּרִית a prince in league (with him) Daniel 11:22 (Hengstenberg, Ewald; others reference high priest Onias III)
• figurative, with death Isaiah 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Job 5:23

2. Constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects

• David and Abner 2 Samuel 3:12, 13, 21
• David and the elders of Israel 2 Samuel 5:3 = 1 Chronicles 11:3
• Zedekiah and his people Jeremiah 34:8–18
• Hostile prince and Israelites Daniel 9:27

3. Agreement, pledge

• Jehoiada and captains 2 Kings 11:4; 2 Chronicles 23:1
• With oneself Job 31:1
• With Leviathan to be a servant Job 40:28
• Between man and man Hosea 10:4 compare בַּעַל בְּרִית Judges 8:33; Judges 9:4 = אֵל בְּרִית Judges 9:46

4. Alliance of friendship

• Between David and Jonathan 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:18 compare Psalm 55:21

5. Alliance of marriage

• Proverbs 2:17; Malachi 2:14

— In all cases כָּרַת בְּרִית is the technical phrase for making covenant except Jeremiah 34:10 בָּאוּ בַבְּרִית; Daniel 9:27 הִגְבִּיר בְּרִית לְ. Various prepositions are used, most often לְ Exodus 23:32 +, but also עִם Genesis 26:28 +, אֵת 2 Samuel 3:12 +, בֵּין 2 Chronicles 16:3.

II. Between God and man

1. Alliance of friendship

• (+ סוֹד) Psalm 25:14

2. Covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (see אוֹת)

• a. With Noah: Genesis 9:9–17 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 54:10; Jeremiah 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge.
• b. With Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: Genesis 15:18 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 17:2–21, Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:4, 5; Leviticus 26:42 (Priests' Code), 2 Kings 13:23; 1 Chronicles 16:15 = Psalm 105:8; Psalm 105:10; Nehemiah 9:8; Jeremiah 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations.
• c. With Israel at Sinai = Horeb: with a covenant sacrifice Exodus 19:5; Exodus 24:7, 8 (Elohist Source), Exodus 34:10, 27, 28 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 2:13 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 24:8; Leviticus 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (Holiness Code), Deuteronomy 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Deuteronomy 28:69; with blessings and curses Deuteronomy 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2 Chronicles 34:32; Psalm 25:10; Psalm 44:18; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 50:16; Psalm 74:20; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 78:37; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; Psalm 111:9; Isaiah 56:4, 6; Jeremiah 1:2; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 31:32; Ezekiel 16:8, 59, 60; Ezekiel 44:7; Daniel 9:4; Daniel 11:28, 30, 32; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; Zechariah 9:11; Zechariah 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobedience, in the form of tables of the covenant Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in אֲרוֹן בְּרִית the ark of the covenant Numbers 10:33 (40 times); set forth in דִּבְרֵי הַבְּרִית words of the covenant Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:8; 2 Kings 23:3 (= 2 Chronicles 34:31), Jeremiah 11:2–8; written in סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית the book of the covenant Exodus 24:7 (Elohist Source) 2 Kings 23:2, 21.
• d. With Phinehas: Numbers 25:12, 13 (Priests' Code), a constitution establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; compare בְּרִית הַכֹּהֲנִים Nehemiah 13:29 & בְּרִית הַלֵּוִי Malachi 2:4, 8.
• e. With Joshua and Israel: Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only.
• f. With David: Psalm 89:4; Psalm 89:29; Psalm 89:34; Psalm 89:39; Psalm 132:12; Jeremiah 33:21; a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple.
• g. Jehoiada and the people: 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Chronicles 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh.
• h. Hezekiah and the people: 2 Chronicles 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship.
• i. Josiah and the people: 2 Kings 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant.
• j. Ezra and the people: Ezra 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law.
• k. The prophetic covenant: a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה Jeremiah 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 59:21; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 31:31, 33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60, 62; Ezekiel 20:37; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; Hosea 2:20. In Second Isaiah the Messianic servant is בְּרִית עָם Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8, compare מַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית Malachi 3:1.

III. Phrases

1. Covenant making

• כָּרַת בְּרִית Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:10, 27 (Jehovist Source) Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source) Deuteronomy 5:2, 3; Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:13, 24; 1 Kings 5:26; 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Kings 17:35, 38; 2 Kings 23:3; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 89:4; Isaiah 55:3; Jeremiah 31:31, 32, 33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 34:13; Ezekiel 34:25; Hosea 2:20
• הֵקִים בְּרִית establish a covenant Genesis 6:18; Genesis 9:9, 11, 17; Genesis 17:7, 19, 21; Exodus 6:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 16:60, 62, but confirm covenant Leviticus 26:9 (Holiness Code?); Deuteronomy 8:18
• נָתַן בְּרִית Genesis 17:2; Numbers 25:12 (Priests' Code)
• שָׂם בְּרִית 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry)
• עָבַר בִּבְרִית Deuteronomy 29:11
• בָּא בִבְרִית 2 Chronicles 15:12; Ezekiel 16:8
• צִוָּה בְרִית Psalm 111:9
• נָשָׂא בְרִית עַל פִּי Psalm 50:16

2. Covenant keeping

• On the part of man: שָׁמַר בְּרִית 1 Kings 11:11; Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 132:12; Daniel 9:4; נָצַר בְּרִית Deuteronomy 33:9; Psalm 25:10; מַחֲזִיקִים בַּבְּרִית Isaiah 56:4, 6
• On the part of God: זָכַר בְּרִית Genesis 9:15, 16; Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:5 (all Priests' Code), Leviticus 26:42, 45 (Holiness Code); Psalm 105:8; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; 1 Chronicles 16:15; Ezekiel 16:60
• Associated types: נֶאֱמֶנֶת Psalm 89:29; בְּרִית עוֹלָם Genesis 9:16; Genesis 17:7, 13, 19; Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 18:19; Numbers 25:13 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry); 1 Chronicles 16:17 (= Psalm 105:10); Isaiah 24:5; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 37:26; בְּרִית מֶלַח Leviticus 2:13; 2 Chronicles 13:5; 2 Chronicles 21:7 (a covenant with sacrificial meal and salt); בְּרִית שָׁלוֹם Numbers 25:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 54:10; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד Deuteronomy 7:9, 12; 1 Kings 8:23 (= 2 Chronicles 6:14); Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Daniel 9:4; בְּרִית קֹדֶשׁ Daniel 11:28, 30; מָסֹרֶת הַבְּרִית Ezekiel 20:37

3. Covenant violation

• עָבַר בְּרִית Deuteronomy 17:2; Joshua 7:11, 15; Joshua 23:16 (Deuteronomistic Source); Judges 2:20; 2 Kings 18:12; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1
• הֵפֵר בְּרִית Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 26:15, 44 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 31:16, 20 (Jehovist Source); Judges 2:1; Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 31:32; Jeremiah 33:20, 21; Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 17:18, 19; Ezekiel 44:7; Zechariah 11:10
• עָזַב בְּרִית 1 Kings 19:10, 14; Jeremiah 22:9; Daniel 11:30
• מָאַס בְּרִית 2 Kings 17:15
• נָאַר בְּרִית Psalm 89:39
• חִלֵּל בְּרִית Psalm 89:34; Malachi 2:10
• שִׁקֵּר בִּבְרִית Psalm 44:18
• שָׁכַח בְּרִית Deuteronomy 4:23, 31; Jeremiah 50:5

¹ S. R. Driver, Journal of Philology, xi, 1882, pp. 201 ff.

² J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, iii, p. 124.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: διαθήκην διαθήκησ διαθήκη '' διαθήκῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1285:

διαθήκην 155× (53.9%)

διαθήκησ 80× (27.7%)

διαθήκη 18× (6.0%)

'' 10× (3.2%)

διαθήκῃ 9× (2.6%)

--- 7× (2.7%)

אתך אִתָּךְ

your eternal self

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.

Root

probably from H579 (אנה);

Exhaustive

probably from אנה; properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.; against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H854

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H854

II. אֵת (preposition) with makkeph אֵת־, with suffix אִתִּי, אִתְּךָ, אִתְּכֶם etc. (also, however, אוֹתְךָ, אוֹתוֹ, and similarly מֵאוֹתְךָ, מֵאוֹתוֹ etc.), first in Joshua 10:25; Joshua 14:12, next 2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 Kings 20 — 2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g. 1 Kings 20:25 (but 1 Kings 20:23 אִתָּם) 1 Kings 22:7,8,24 (beside מֵאִתִּי) 2 Kings 1:15; 2 Kings 3:11,12,26; 2 Kings 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֹ) 2 Kings 8:8; Jeremiah 2:35; Jeremiah 10:5; Jeremiah 16:8; Jeremiah 19:10; Jeremiah 20:11; Ezekiel 2:6; Ezekiel 10:17; Ezekiel 23:23; Ezekiel 37:26 (see below 1d; also Isaiah 59:21, contrast Genesis 17:4: on שָׁכַב אֵתָּה Genesis 34:2 and elsewhere, see below שָׁכַב, & compare Driver, Samuel, ii. 13, 14) preposition denoting proximity (synonym עִם; Phoenician את, e.g. Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum i. 3, 8 לא יכנ לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu 'side,' Delitzsch, Prolegomena 115 Haupt Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek 2. 498; but compare Nöldeke Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft '86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic አማርኛ 'enta, towards, which supports the view that אֵת is for 'int [compare תֵּת, תִּתִּי], perhaps from root אנה to meet Olshausen page 431 Prätorius Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft '73, 643 Lagarde Mitteilungen i. 226).

Cognates:

• Phoenician את
• Assyrian itti
• Ethiopic enta

1. Companionship and Proximity

Of companionship, together with: Genesis 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֵת־הָאָרֶץ together with the earth, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:4 + verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Judges 1:3; Judges 14:11; Judges 19:4, & in the phrase הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ Judges 4:13; Judges 7:1; Judges 9:33,48; 1 Samuel 14:20; 1 Samuel 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons אִתָּךְ וְ־ with thee Genesis 6:18; similarly (3rd person) Genesis 7:7,13; Genesis 8:18; Genesis 9:8 and elsewhere (character of Priests' Code: Driver, Introduction to Literature of Old Testament 124); הִתְהַלֶּךְ אֵת־הָאֱלֹהִים to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9 (compare הִתְהַלֶּךְ אֵת literal 1 Samuel 25:15); — by the side of, like Isaiah 45:9, equally with Leviticus 26:39, in common with Jeremiah 23:28 b (compare עִם 1e, f).

a. With for the purpose of help

• Numbers 14:9 אִתָּנוּ וְיָה, Joshua 14:12 (אוֹתִי, as Jeremiah 20:11) Judges 1:19; 2 Kings 6:16; 2 Kings 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is on my side, who? כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 1:18,19 +; Isaiah 63:3; Psalm 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side; in the phrase אֵת יָד מִמֶּנִי 2 Samuel 14:19; 2 Kings 15:19; Jeremiah 26:24; נָשָׂא אֵת to bear together with, i.e. to assist Exodus 18:22; Numbers 11:17.
• Exceptionally, = with the help of: Genesis 4:1 for I have gotten a man עִם אֵתִי with the help of יָה (compare עִם 1 Samuel 14:45) Genesis 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & versions favour וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for וְאֵת שַׁדַּי) Micah 3:8; compare Esther 9:29.

b. Beside (German neben)

• Genesis 39:6 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאֻמָה he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), Genesis 39:8; Exodus 20:23 לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ אִתִּי ye shall not make (aught) beside me.

c. Beside = in the presence of (rare)

• Genesis 20:16 b and before all thou shalt be righted, Isaiah 30:8; Micah 6:1.

d. Of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing

• (α) Genesis 9:9; Genesis 15:18; Genesis 17:4 (Ezekiel 16:60; Isaiah 59:21 - אוֹת) Joshua 10:4; 1 Kings 3:1 etc.; compare 1 Samuel 2:13 (but here הַכֹּהֵן מֵאֵת is probably to be read with versions, compare Deuteronomy 18:3).
• (β) Genesis 17:3; Genesis 42:30 דִּבֶּר אִתָּנוּ קָשׁוּת, 1 Kings 8:15; Psalm 109:2, & especially in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (as Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12 [Jeremiah 52:9 אִתּוֹ] Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 12:1; Ezekiel 2:1; Ezekiel 3:22,24,27; Ezekiel 14:4; Ezekiel 44:5 — all - אוֹת); Genesis 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת (עִם is here more general), 2 Samuel 16:17 זֶה חַסְדְּךָ אֵת־רֵעֶךָ, Ruth 2:20; Zechariah 7:9; Jonah 1:27 וְאֵתָּה עָשִׂיתָ אִתִּי רָעָה, Deuteronomy 1:30; Deuteronomy 10:21; 1 Samuel 12:7 b, (- אוֹת) Jeremiah 21:2; Jeremiah 33:9; Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 22:14; Ezekiel 23:25,29; Ezekiel 39:24; absolute Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 20:44; Psalm 109:21; Zephaniah 3:19.
• (γ) in a pregnant sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 67:2 יָאֵר מָנוֹ אִתָּנוּ make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from Numbers 6:25) Deuteronomy 28:8; faithful with Psalm 78:8 (compare Psalm 78:37 נָכוֹן עִם); Ezekiel 2:6 (אוֹתְּךָ); Judges 16:15 וְלִבְּךָ אֵינֶן אִתִּי.
• (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Genesis 14:2,8,9; Numbers 20:13; Isaiah 45:9; a Isaiah 50:8; Psalm 35:1; Proverbs 23:11; with בָּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט Psalm 143:2 (Isaiah 3:14 and elsewhere עִם).

2. Of Localities

Especially in the phrase אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site: Judges 3:19; Judges 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֵת־קֶדֶשׁ which is near Kedesh, 1 Kings 9:26; 2 Kings 9:27 (compare עִם 2, which is commoner in this sense); Ezekiel 43:8; Exodus 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי. Perhaps, anomalously, 1 Samuel 7:16 at or by all those places (but see Driver); in 2 Samuel 15:23 עַל־מְנִי דֶּרֶךְ אֵת־הַמִּדְבָּר, אֵת = towards is against analogue: read with versions עַל־מָנוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הַזִּית אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר; 1 Kings 9:25 אִתּוֹ beside it (that is, the altar); but עָלָיו 1 Kings 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אִתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly אֵת־אֲשֶׁר (see Exodus 30:20).

3. Special Denotation of Possession or Keeping

אֵת מִמֶּנִי denotes specially,

a. In one's possession or keeping

• Genesis 27:15; Genesis 30:29 thou knowest אֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה מִקְנֶךָ אִתִּי how thy cattle fared with me, Genesis 30:33; Leviticus 5:23; Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 15:3; Judges 17:2; 1 Samuel 9:7 מַה אִתָּנוּ = what have we? 1 Samuel 25:29; Isaiah 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contrast Isaiah 40:27), Jeremiah 8:8; Psalm 38:11 the light of mine eyes also אֵינֶנִּי אִתִּי i.e. is gone from me, Proverbs 3:28; Proverbs 8:18; in his power, Jeremiah 10:5 הֲיִטִּיב אֵינֶנִּי אוֹתָם is not in their power, perhaps Psalm 12:5. A dream, or the word of יָה, is said to be אֵת with a prophet, 2 Kings 3:12; Jeremiah 23:28; Jeremiah 27:18. Metaphorically of a mental quality, Proverbs 11:2; Proverbs 13:10.

b. In one's knowledge or memory

• Isaiah 59:12 מְשַׁעֵינוּ אִתָּנוּ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds ("" וַעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם), Job 12:3 אֵת־מִי אֵינֶנִּי כְּמוֹ־אֵלָּה with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not?) things like these? Job 14:5 אִתְּךָ i.e. known to thee, Proverbs 2:1; Genesis 40:14; Jeremiah 12:3 (Ewald Gesenius towards thee, as 1d γ). So אִם־יֵשׁ מִי־אִתְּנַפְשְׁכֶם Genesis 23:8 [2 Kings 9:15 אֵת alone], אֵת־לְבַבְּךָ 2 Kings 10:15. Compare עִם 4b, which is more frequent in this sense.

4. From Proximity With

מֵאֵת (מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also - מֵאוֹת) from proximity with (like Greek παρά with a Genitive, From de chez; in Syriac, Arabic لع, corresponding synonym מֵעִם; see below). Coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם, a).

a. With verbs of buying, taking, sending, etc.

• With קָנָה to buy Genesis 25:10 + often (compare Genesis 17:27); לָקַח Genesis 42:24; Exodus 25:2; Leviticus 25:36; Numbers 17:17 + often; נָשָׂא Psalm 24:5; שָׁלַח, as Genesis 8:8 וַיְשַׁלֵּחַ אֵת־הַיּוֹנָה מֵאִתּוֹ and he sent forth the dove from with him Genesis 26:27; הָלַךְ Genesis 26:31; 1 Kings 18:12; 1 Kings 20:36; Jeremiah 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Judges 19:2 וַתִּתֵּן מֵאִתּוֹ, Jeremiah 3:1 (compare Isaiah 57:8); with simile words Genesis 38:1; Deuteronomy 2:8; 1 Kings 11:23; Jeremiah 2:37 (see Exodus 5:20); Isaiah 54:10; Psalm 66:20; with שָׁאַל Judges 1:14; 1 Kings 2:16; Psalm 27:4 +, שָׁמַע 1 Kings 22:7 and elsewhere, דָּרַשׁ 1 Kings 22:8 and elsewhere, הָלַךְ Genesis 26:31; 1 Kings 18:12; 1 Kings 20:36; Jeremiah 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Judges 19:2 וַתִּתֵּן מֵאִתּוֹ, Jeremiah 3:1 (compare Isaiah 57:8); with simile words Genesis 38:1; Deuteronomy 2:8; 1 Kings 11:23; Jeremiah 2:37 (see Exodus 5:20); Isaiah 54:10; Psalm 66:20; with שָׁאַל Judges 1:14; 1 Kings 2:16; Psalm 27:4 +, שָׁמַע 1 Kings 22:7 and elsewhere, דָּרַשׁ 1 Kings 22:8 and elsewhere.
• — אֵת מִמֶּנִי מִמֶּנִי Genesis 27:30; Genesis 43:34; Exodus 10:11; Job 2:7; Leviticus 10:4 (הַקֹּדֵשׁ), 2 Kings 16:14 (הַבַּיִת).

b. Of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one

• Genesis 47:22 חֹק מֵאֵת מַרְעֵה; often in Priests' Code, as Genesis 23:20; Exodus 27:21 a perpetual due מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Leviticus 7:34; b Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 3:9; Numbers 7:84 +; Deuteronomy 18:3; 1 Samuel 2:13 (versions; see 1d) 2 Samuel 15:3 וְשֹׁמֵעַ אֵינֶנִּי לְּךָ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1 Kings 5:14.

c. Expressing origination

• 1 Kings 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ הָיְתָה. Especially אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה — of a concrete object proceeding from him: Genesis 19:24 (brimstone), Numbers 11:31 (a wind), Numbers 16:35 (fire), 1 Samuel 16:14 (evil spirit), Isaiah 38:7 (a sign), Jeremiah 51:53 (wasters), Micah 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zechariah 7:12 (compare Numbers 17:11), teaching Isaiah 51:4, the word of prophecy Jeremiah 7:1 (so Jeremiah 11:1; Jeremiah 18:1 Jeremiah) Jeremiah 37:17; Ezekiel 33:30; with 'have I((we) heard' Isaiah 21:10; Isaiah 28:22; Jeremiah 49:14 (= Obadiah 1:1); of an event, or phase of history Joshua 11:20 הָיְתָה אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה it came of יָה to..., 1 Kings 12:24; Habakkuk 2:13; Psalm 118:23 הָיְתָה זֹאת אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה (versions παρά Κυρίου) Ezra 9:8; Nehemiah 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה) 2 Kings 6:33; Micah 1:12 (יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in יָה Jeremiah 13:25; Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 109:20, compare Job 2:10; Psalm 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְּהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Isaiah 44:24 Qere מֵאִתִּי of myself (compare ἀπ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is מִי אִתִּי who was with me?), Isaiah 54:15 אֵפֶס מֵאוֹתִי not at my instance (compare לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Isaiah 30:1, לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Hosea 8:4).

d. Of a place

• 1 Kings 6:33 (corrupt: read with versions מְזוּזוֹת רְבֻעוֹת, & compare Ezekiel 41:21).

Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sometimes denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ who has gone from (those) about us? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Genesis 44:28 וַיֵּצֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship; מֵאֵת is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם c, nor מֵעִם in the sense of מֵאֵת b.

¹ K. Albrecht, Studien zu den Passah-Massoth-Gesetzen im Pentateuch, Berlin, 1911.

² Compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §90, §3b, §96.

³ M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Göttingen, 1898.

⁴ D. H. Müller, Die Mehri- und Soqotri-Sprache, Vienna, 1902.

⁵ Versions (e.g., Septuagint, Vulgate).

⁶ Jehovist Source.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0854:

No stats available

וידעת וְיָדַעַתְּ

and you have perceived

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ידע

yâdaʻ

Definition

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.); acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

To know, perceive, understand. It encompasses various meanings including: to perceive by the senses, to know carnally (euphemism), to understand mentally, to discover, to be skilled in, to have a clear consciousness of, to care for, and to have moral perception (to know good and evil).

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

to know, of the different meanings of Kal, to see, be seen, perceived, observed; to be known, to appear i.e. to be recognised; to be well-known, celebrated.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

II. The original idea of the root: to distinguish, separate, divide, lay aside, remove. This meaning appears seldom in Scripture.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

To divide, separate, split, cut. Figuratively, to chastise, visit, or punish.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

A transposed form of יָדַע. The Kal form is not used.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 582

1. to see, to perceive by the organs of sight, to mark, to perceive; 2. to perceive by hearing, to know by the taste, to experience, to feel; 3. Metaphorically from this, to lie with (sexual intercourse).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Page 272

1. To know, understand, know how (Job 32:22, 1 Sam. 16:16). 2. To know, be acquainted with, know by name (Gen. 29:5, Ex. 33:12). 3. To perceive, observe, discern (Gen. 19:33, Judg. 13:21). 4. To learn, be informed, learn by experience (Gen. 9:24, Lev. 5:3, Ex. 6:7). 5. To imagine, expect (Ps. 35:8, Job 9:5). 6. To concern one's self about, take care of (Gen. 39:6, Prov. 27:23); spoken of God's interest in man (Ps. 144:3). 7. Euphemistic expression for sexual intercourse (Gen. 4:17, 25; 1 Sam. 1:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3045

I. יָדַע (approximate number of occurrences: 943) verb — know.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְדַע
• Phoenician ידע
• Ethiopic አאמַረ (II. I. indicate, announce, narrate)
• Assyrian idû (know)¹
• Sabean ידע (especially in compound proper names)²

— יָדַע absolute Genesis 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Leviticus 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deuteronomy 34:10; Job 28:7; יְדָעָהּ Genesis 24:16; 1 Kings 1:4; יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isaiah 63:16; 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judges 11:39; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Genesis 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 Samuel 2:26; יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1 Kings 2:15; יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 50:24; וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Genesis 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exodus 33:12; יְדַעְתִּיו Genesis 18:19; יָָֽדְעוּ Genesis 19:8 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deuteronomy 8:3, 16; 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Genesis 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Genesis 31:6; וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezekiel 13:21, 23 etc.

Qal

1. Meanings and Uses

• a. know, learn to know, good and evil Genesis 3:22 (Jehovist Source), followed by אֶת־אֲשֶׁר 1 Samuel 28:9; מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2 Samuel 24:2; מְאוּמָה 1 Samuel 20:39; לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Genesis 39:6; כָּל־דָּבָר 2 Samuel 15:11; subject God, knowing fowls Psalm 50:11; way to wisdom Job 28:23; the price of wisdom Job 28:13; something future יוֺם מוֺתִי Genesis 27:2 (Jehovist Source); followed by clause Genesis 12:11 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 22:12 (Elohist Source); followed by בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15; followed by עַל Job 37:16; followed by מִן 1 Samuel 23:23; especially יהוה וִידַע כִּי אֲנִי know that I am Yahweh Exodus 10:2 (Redactor), Exodus 6:7, Exodus 14:4, Exodus 16:12, Exodus 29:46 (all Priests' Code).
• b. perceive Genesis 19:33, 35 (Jehovist Source); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place Ruth 3:4; with בְּ Psalm 31:8 (+ רָאָה אֶת־).
• c. (+ ראה), imperative דַּע וּרְאֵה perceive and see 1 Samuel 12:17; 1 Samuel 24:12; רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 Samuel 23:23; Jeremiah 5:1.
• d. discriminate, distinguish בֵּין טוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2 Samuel 19:36, compare Deuteronomy 1:29; Jonah 4:11.
• e. know by experience Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); learn to know Yahweh Hosea 13:4; experience Yahweh's vengeance Ezekiel 25:14.
• f. recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; Isaiah 59:12; Psalm 51:5.
• g. consider Judges 18:14; דַּע וּרְאֵה 2 Samuel 24:13; 1 Kings 20:7, 22; Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 4:39.
• h. לֹא יָדַע not know = not expect Isaiah 47:11; Psalm 35:8.

2. Know a person

be acquainted with Genesis 29:5 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 1:8 (Elohist Source), Job 42:11. Of beasts knowing owner Isaiah 1:3. Especially of knowing God Exodus 5:2 (Jehovist Source); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judges 2:10; Hosea 2:22; Psalm 79:6. Of God's knowing persons, throughly Hosea 5:3; Job 11:11; knowing the heart 1 Kings 8:39; Psalm 139:4; recognising and acknowledging them 2 Samuel 7:20; Nahum 1:7; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (Jehovist Source); = take notice of, regard Psalm 1:6; Psalm 31:7; Amos 3:2; Hosea 13:5.

3. Know a person carnally

Of sexual intercourse; man subject Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Genesis 24:16; Genesis 38:26 (all Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 1:19; Judges 19:25. Woman subject Genesis 19:8 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 31:17, 18, 35 (all Priests' Code), Judges 11:39; יֹדַ֫עַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:11.

4. Skill and Ability

• a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 1:6; 1 Kings 3:7; Isaiah 50:4; Ecclesiastes 10:15; Isaiah 7:15, 16.
• b. be skilful in Genesis 25:27 (Jehovist Source) skilled in hunting; יֹדֵעַ סֵפֶר learned Isaiah 29:11; יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי professional mourners Amos 5:16; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם skilled in the sea 1 Kings 9:27; יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן skilled in playing 1 Samuel 16:18.

5. Absolute uses

have knowledge, be wise Ecclesiastes 9:11 (+ חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); have knowledge of God and duty Isaiah 1:3 (+ בין). Often with accusative of cognate meaning: דַּעַת Proverbs 17:27; בִּינָה Isaiah 29:24; חָכְמָה Proverbs 24:14; Ecclesiastes 8:16.

Niph`al

1. be made known, be or become known, of things Genesis 41:31; Exodus 2:14 (both Elohist Source); Leviticus 4:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 16:9; Psalm 76:2; = be revealed, discovered 1 Samuel 22:6; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 10:9.

2. make oneself known, of persons Ruth 3:3; usually of Yahweh Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 19:21; Ezekiel 20:5.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal) Genesis 41:21 (Elohist Source), Psalm 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jeremiah 31:19, through chastisement.

Pi`el / Po. / Pu`al

Pi`el: cause to know Job 38:12; Psalm 104:19 (according to some versions).

Po.: יוֺדַעְתִּי 1 Samuel 21:3 I have directed.

Pu`al: מְיֻדָּעִי acquaintance Psalm 55:14; 2 Kings 10:11; Job 19:14; Psalm 88:9.

Hiph`il

make known, declare Numbers 16:5 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 39:7; Psalm 89:2; Psalm 98:2; teach Job 32:7; Psalm 90:12; with לְ person Exodus 18:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; Psalm 103:7; make one know Exodus 33:12; 1 Samuel 28:15; Psalm 25:4 (+ לַמְּדֵנִי); Psalm 32:5 (+ עֲוֺנִי לֹא־כִסִּיתִי); answer Job 38:2; Job 42:4; teach to discriminate Ezekiel 22:26.

Hoph`al / Hitph.

Hoph`al: made known Leviticus 4:23, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 12:5.

Hitph.: make oneself known to Numbers 12:6 (Elohist Source), of Yahweh; Genesis 45:1 (Elohist Source), of Joseph.

Aramaic

I. יְדַע verb know (Biblical Hebrew יָדַע).

1. Pe`al know
   • absolute Daniel 5:23
   • with accusative of thing Daniel 2:30; Daniel 5:22
   • יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Daniel 2:21
   • with object clause Daniel 2:8; Daniel 4:14; Daniel 6:11; Ezra 4:15
2. Haph`el cause to know, inform
   • with ל person Ezra 4:14; Daniel 2:15
   • with suffix person Daniel 2:5; Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:16
   • of God making known Daniel 2:23, 28, 45

¹ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT), Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1875, 612.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person feminine singular

LXX: ἔγνω γνώσονται ἔγνωσαν ἔγνων οἶδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3045:

ἔγνω 57× (5.6%)

γνώσονται 51× (4.5%)

ἔγνωσαν 37× (3.7%)

ἔγνων 37× (3.7%)

οἶδα 30× (3.1%)

γνώσῃ 27× (2.4%)

γνώσεσθε 26× (2.4%)

οἶδεν 25× (2.6%)

γνῶναι 24× (2.2%)

ἔγνωσ 21× (2.1%)

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה׃

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

RBT Translation:

and I have established/stood up myself את-self eternal alliance of myself your eternal self and you have perceived for myself He Is

RBT Paraphrase:

Undivided, she stands

And I, myself have caused to stand up the self eternal alliance of myself with your eternal self, and you have known that myself He Who Is.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And I set up my covenant with thee, and thou knewest that I am Jehovah. 63So that thou shalt remember, and thou wert ashamed, and there shall no more be to thee an opening of the mouth from the face of thy shame in my expiating for thee for all which thou didst, says the Lord Jehovah.

LITV Translation:
And I, even I, will raise up My covenant with you. And you shall know that I am Jehovah,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord: