Ezekiel 16:40

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והעלו וְהֶעֱלוּ

and they are making ascend

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עלה

ʻâlâh

Definition

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative; arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5927

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

I. To be high, above, aloft, to be elevated, raised high. To go to a height, to ascend, to go up (opposite יָרַד). To shoot up, of plants, to sprout. To go or come up, often applied to going from a low to a higher region.

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

II. The reverse of יָרַד; specifically used for going to Assyria, or going into a desert, or pilgrimages to holy places (usually higher).

עָלָה

verb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

To go up, ascend, rise. Used for: going to a higher place, overcoming, subduing, overflowing (river), spreading upwards, leading up, mounting up, increasing, prancing, springing upon, crying out, reaching, or amounting to.

עָלָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

To offer a burnt-offering (context of the usage of the verb regarding sacrifice).

עָלָה

intransitive verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

II. 1. To glow, burn, blaze (of sacrifices, flame, anger, wrath). 2. To sprout, grow (of plants). 3. To lighten, shine (of dawn).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָלָה

verb • Page 508

To go up, ascend, mount. Applied to people (ascending to a country or place of judgment), things (roads leading, countries extending, lots coming up), plants (shooting or growing up), or metaphorically (rising in value, advancing, excelling, coming to mind). Includes derived forms: Niph. (to be brought up, driven away, or exalted) and Hiph. (to lead or bring up, present an offering, take away, or enroll). (Is. 14:14, Ex. 24:13, Gen. 49:4, Prov. 21:22, Gen. 13:1, Jer. 48:15, Job 36:33, Prov. 24:31, Am. 8:8, 1 K. 22:35, Deut. 28:43, Ezra 1:11, Ps. 47:10, Gen. 37:28, Is. 57:6, Lev. 14:20).

עִלָּה

chald. n.f. • Root עלל • Page 509

A cause, occasion, or pretext. Found in Dan. 6: 5, 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5927

I. עָלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 890) verb — go up, ascend, climb.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription עלה
• Phoenician עלה
• Assyrian elû
• Arabic علا
• Ethiopic ዐለወ
• Sabean עלי

— עָלָה absolute Genesis 19:15 +; Perfect 3 masculine singular עָלָה; 3 feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Genesis 40:10 +, עָלָ֑תָה Jeremiah 14:2, 1 Samuel 1:22; 2 masculine singular עָלִיתָ Genesis 49:4 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Genesis 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Genesis 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Genesis 13:1 +; suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Isaiah 35:9; Infinitive absolute עָלֹה Genesis 46:4; construct עֲלוֺת Genesis 32:25 +; Imperative masculine singular עֲלֵה Genesis 35:1 +, feminine singular עֲלִי Numbers 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Genesis 44:17 +; Participle עֹלֶה Genesis 38:13 +, עוֺלֶה Isaiah 24:18 +; plural עֹלִים Genesis 28:12 + etc.

1. Qal: Meanings and Uses

a. Of persons, from low place to high

• with מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Genesis 45:25 (Elohist Source)
• מארץ מצרים Exodus 13:18 (Elohist Source)
• מִן הירדן Joshua 4:16, 17, 19 (Priestly Code)

b. Out of a place

• מִן הארץ 1 Samuel 28:13
• מֵהַבְּאֵר 2 Samuel 17:21

c. With accusative of place whither

• A city: ביתאל Genesis 35:1, 3 (Elohist Source); באר שׁבע Genesis 26:23 (Jehovist Source)
• A mountain: ההר Numbers 13:17 (JE Source); Deuteronomy 1:24
• A bed: Genesis 49:4 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 1:4
• The heavens: (הַ)שָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 30:12; 2 Kings 2:11; Amos 9:2

d. To sacred places

• בית יהוה 2 Kings 19:14; 2 Kings 20:5, 8; Isaiah 37:14
• אל הר האלהים Exodus 24:13 (Elohist Source)
• בהר יהוה Psalm 24:3

e. By the way to (accusative דֶּרֶךְ)

• Numbers 21:33 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 3:1; Judges 8:11

f. Ascend, climb (with בְּ or עַל)

• A ladder: Genesis 28:12 (Elohist Source)
• Altar by steps: Exodus 20:26 (Elohist Source)
• The roof: Joshua 2:8; Judges 9:51

2. In personal relations

a. To meet or visit

• Genesis 44:17, 24, 34; Genesis 45:9 (Jehovist Source)
• לקראת Genesis 46:29 (Jehovist Source); Judges 6:35

b. Go up unto God

• אל האלהים Exodus 19:3 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 10:3
• אל יהוה Exodus 24:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:30 (Jehovist Source)

c. In war, against (אֶל or עַל)

• Numbers 13:31 (Elohist Source); Judges 1:1; 1 Samuel 7:7
• 1 Kings 14:25; Judges 20:18

d. Go up after (אחרי), follow

• 1 Samuel 25:13; 1 Kings 1:35, 40

e. Depart, withdraw, retreat

• מֵעַל 1 Samuel 6:20; Genesis 17:22 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 12:19

3. Of animals

Frogs Exodus 7:28 (Jehovist Source); quails Exodus 16:13 (Priestly Code); eagle Isaiah 40:31; cattle out of water Genesis 41:2; locusts Joel 2:9.

4. Of vegetation

Spring up, grow: trees Isaiah 55:13; grass Deuteronomy 29:22; ears of grain Genesis 41:5 (Elohist Source); thorns Proverbs 24:31; Isaiah 34:13.

5. Of natural phenomena

Go up, rise: cloud 1 Kings 18:44; dawn Genesis 19:15; smoke Exodus 19:18; fire Judges 6:21; stench Joel 2:20; waters Jeremiah 47:2.

6. Of inanimate things

Covering of flesh Ezekiel 37:8; garments on body Leviticus 19:19; razor on head Judges 13:5; weight in balance Psalm 62:10; be offered (sacrifice) 1 Kings 18:29; healing Jeremiah 8:22.

7. Of thoughts

על לב 2 Kings 12:5; Isaiah 65:17; על רוּחַ Ezekiel 20:32; of anger 2 Samuel 11:20.

8. Come up before God

Arrogance 2 Kings 19:18; cry Exodus 2:23 (Priestly Code); tumult Psalm 74:23.

9. Extend (of boundary)

Joshua 15:3, 6, 8; Joshua 18:12 (Priestly Code).

10. Excel

עַל Proverbs 31:29; Deuteronomy 28:43.

Niphal

Perfect נַעֲלָה Numbers 10:11; 2 masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Psalm 97:9; Imperfect יֵעָלֶה Exodus 40:37; Infinitive construct הֵעָלוֺת Numbers 9:17.

1. be brought up, taken up, or away
   • From Babylon Ezra 1:11
   • Of the cloud from tabernacle Exodus 40:36; Numbers 10:11 (Priestly Code)
   • Reflexive: מֵעַל Numbers 16:27; Jeremiah 37:5
2. be exalted, of God
   • Psalm 47:10; Psalm 97:9

Hiphil

Perfect הֶעֱלָךְ Numbers 8:3; 2 masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Exodus 33:1; Imperfect יַעֲלֶה Leviticus 17:8; Imperative הַ֫עַל Exodus 33:12; Participle מַעֲלֶה 1 Samuel 7:10.

1. bring up persons
   • From Egypt Exodus 17:3 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:1 (Jehovist Source)
   • Out of a pit Genesis 37:28 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 38:10
2. in war
   • Against (עַל) Jeremiah 50:9; Ezekiel 26:3
3. bring up animals
   • Frogs Exodus 8:1; chew the cud Leviticus 11:3
4. offer sacrifice (usually עֹלָה)
   • Exodus 24:5 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:6 (Jehovist Source)
   • On the altar (על מזבח) 1 Kings 12:32; Exodus 40:29 (Priestly Code)

Hophal

1. be carried away Nahum 2:8
2. be inserted in a book 2 Chronicles 20:34
3. be offered Judges 6:28

Hithpael

lift oneself (corrupt passage) Jeremiah 51:3.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code or Narrative.

⁴ August Dillmann, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae (1865).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἀνέβη ἀνέβησαν ἀναβήσεται ἀνάβηθι ἀνήνεγκεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5927:

ἀνέβη 144× (15.2%)

ἀνέβησαν 56× (5.8%)

ἀναβήσεται 42× (4.5%)

ἀνάβηθι 29× (3.3%)

ἀνήνεγκεν 23× (2.3%)

ἀναβῆναι 18× (1.9%)

ἀνήγαγεν 18× (1.9%)

ἀνάβητε 16× (1.8%)

--- 15× (1.7%)

ἀναβῇ 14× (1.6%)

עליך עָלַיִךְ

upon yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

קהל קָהָל

convocation/assembled crowd

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קהל

qâhâl

Definition

assemblage (usually concretely)

Root

from H6950 (קהל);

Exhaustive

from קהל; assemblage (usually concretely); assembly, company, congregation, multitude.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6951

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָהָל

noun masculine • Root קהל • Strongs / High • Page 1264

1. A festive convocation; an assembly or congregation. 2. The act of assembling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָהָל

noun masculine • Root קהל • Page 582

An assembly, congregation; particularly of the Israelitish people. Lev. 4: 13. Used for a multitude of nations. Gen. 28: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6951

I. קָהָל (approximate number of occurrences: 123) noun masculine^{Ezekiel 38:15} — assembly, convocation, congregation.

— קָהָל absolute Jeremiah 31:8 +; construct קְהַל Exodus 12:6 +; suffix קְהָלָ֑ךָ Ezekiel 38:13, etc.; plural suffix קְהָלֶיךָ Ezekiel 38:7.

1. Assembly specially convoked

a. For evil counsel

• "" סוד Genesis 49:6 (Poem)
• קְהַל מְרֵעִים Psalm 26:5
• For civil affairs Proverbs 5:14 (see Toy¹), Proverbs 26:26
• Job 30:28 (Dillmann² publice)

b. For war or invasion

• Numbers 22:4 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 20:2; Judges 21:5, 8
• 1 Samuel 17:47; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 38:7 (plural only here), + 8 times Ezekiel
• קָהָל גָּדוֹל ("" חַיִל רָב) Ezekiel 38:15
• קָהָל רָב ("" חַיִל גָּדוֹל) Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 38:4
• קְהַל גּוֹיִם Jeremiah 50:9; קְהַל עַמִּים Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 32:3

c. Company of returning exiles

• Jeremiah 31:8; Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:66

d. For religious purposes, to hear words of Yahweh

• At Horeb Deuteronomy 5:19, בְּיוֹם הַקָּהָל Deuteronomy 9:10; Deuteronomy 10:4 (gloss, not in Septuagint³), Deuteronomy 18:16
• Word of Jeremiah Jeremiah 26:17; Jeremiah 44:15
• For feasts, fasts and worship 2 Chronicles 20:5; 30:25 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 5:13; Joel 2:16; Psalm 107:32
• קָהָל רָב Psalm 22:26 + 4 times
• וַיֵּאָסְפוּ קָהָל ... לָרֹב מְאֹד 2 Chronicles 30:13
• קָהָל גָּדוֹל 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Chronicles 7:8
• בְּתוֹךְ (הַ)קָּהָל 2 Chronicles 20:14; Psalm 22:23

2. Congregation, as organized body

a. Of Israel

• קְהַל יְהוָה Micah 2:5; Numbers 16:3; Numbers 20:4 (Priests' Code), 1 Chronicles 28:8
• בִּקְהַל יְהוָה Deuteronomy 23:2, 3 (twice in verse), 4 (twice in verse), 9; Nehemiah 13:1; Lamentations 1:10
• כָּל קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל Deuteronomy 31:30; Joshua 8:35 (Deuteronomic Source); Leviticus 16:17 (Priests' Code); 1 Kings 8:14 (twice in verse), 22, 55; 2 Chronicles 6:3 (twice in verse), 12, 13; 1 Kings 12:3; 1 Chronicles 13:2
• כָּל קְהַל עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:6 (Septuagint³ reads בְּנֵי before יִשְׂרָאֵל), Numbers 14:5 (Priests' Code; Septuagint³ συναγωγή; MT⁴ probably conflation)
• כָּל עַם הַקָּהָל Leviticus 16:33
• כָּל הַקָּהָל Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 13:4 + 12 times Chronicles
• הַקָּהָל Leviticus 4:13, 14, 21 + 8 times Numbers (Priests' Code); + 8 times 2 Chronicles

b. Restored community in Jerusalem

• Ezra 10:12, 14; Nehemiah 8:2, 17
• קְהַל הַגּוֹלָה Ezra 10:8
• Later the better part of it, קְהַל חֲסִידִים Psalm 149:1

c. Of angels

• קְהַל קְדֹשִׁים Psalm 89:6

d. General: company, assembled multitude

• קְהַל גּוֹיִם Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• קְהַל עַמִּים Genesis 28:3; Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code)
• קְהַל רְפָאִים Proverbs 21:16

¹ Crawford H. Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs (1899).

² August Dillmann.

³ Septuagint.

⁴ Masoretic Text (MT).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἐκκλησία ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐκκλησίασ ἐκκλησίαν συναγωγῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6951:

ἐκκλησία 24× (18.9%)

ἐκκλησίᾳ 19× (14.3%)

ἐκκλησίασ 17× (13.8%)

ἐκκλησίαν 12× (9.5%)

συναγωγῆσ 10× (8.0%)

συναγωγὴ 8× (6.4%)

συναγωγὴν 6× (4.6%)

συναγωγήν 3× (2.4%)

συναγωγὰσ 3× (2.4%)

συναγωγή 3× (2.3%)

ורגמו וְרָגְמוּ

and they are piling together

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רגם

râgam

Definition

to cast together (stones), i.e. to lapidate

Root

a primitive root (compare H7263 (רגב), H7321 (רוע), H7551 (רקם));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare רגב, רוע, רקם); to cast together (stones), i.e. to lapidate; [idiom] certainly, stone.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7275

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָגַם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1320

(I.) to heap together, to pile up, to collect, stones; hence to stone.

רָגַם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1320

(II.) (not used) tr. same as רָקַם to make party-coloured, to make spotted or streaked (with figures, flowers), to embroider.

רָגַם

verb • Root רגם • Strongs / High • Page 1320

(III.) (not used) intrans. to be inclined to, to love; to be friendly, united with.

רָגַם

verb • Root רגם • Strongs / High • Page 1320

(IV.) (not used) tr. properly to pierce, to engrave, to inscribe, letters; sometimes to explain, to clear up.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָגַם

verb • Page 608

to stone, i. q. סָקַל; construed with an accus. of the person (Lev. 24:14, Lev. 20:2, 27) or with the addition of אֶבֶן/אֲבָנִים (Num. 14:10, 1 K. 12:18, Ezek. 23:47).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7275

I. רָגַם (approximate number of occurrences: 16) verb — stone, kill by stoning (denominative? compare סקל; or originally = throw, hurl?).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew רָגַם throw at (rare)
• Arabic رجم throw stones at, stone, also (from accompaniment of stone-throwing) revile, curse
• Ethiopic ረገመ curse¹
• Aramaic רְגַם, רְגַם stone

— רָגַם Qal Perfect 3 plural consecutive וְרָֽגְמוּ Leviticus 24:14 2t., suffix וּרְגָמֻהוּ Deuteronomy 21:21; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִרְגְמוּ Leviticus 20:16, 27, וַיִּרְגְּמוּ Joshua 7:25 4t.; suffix יִרְגְמֻהוּ Leviticus 20:2, וַיִּרְגְּמֻהוּ 2 Chronicles 24:21; Infinitive absolute רָגוֺם Leviticus 24:16; Numbers 15:35; construct לִרְגּוֺם Numbers 14:10.

1. Meanings and Constructions

a. stone, with accusative of person

• + בָּאֲבָנִים Deuteronomy 21:21 (Deuteronomic Source), Numbers 14:10; Numbers 15:35–36 (Priestly Code)
• + בָּאֶבֶן Ezekiel 16:40; Leviticus 20:2, 27 (Holiness Code)
• + accusative אֶבֶן Joshua 7:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Leviticus 24:23 (Priestly Code), 2 Chronicles 24:21
• with ב person + accusative אֶבֶן 1 Kings 12:18, 2 Chronicles 10:18
• with עַל person + accusative אֶבֶן Ezekiel 23:47
• with accusative of person alone Leviticus 24:14 (Priestly Code)
• with ב person alone, רָגוֺם יִרְגְּמוּ־בוֹ Leviticus 24:16 (Priestly Code)

2. Synonyms

idem סקל q.v.

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Reste arabischen Heidentums, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1897, pp. 111, 250.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἐλιθοβόλησαν λιθοβολήσουσιν λιθοβολήσατε

LXX Usage Statistics

H7275:

ἐλιθοβόλησαν 6× (35.2%)

λιθοβολήσουσιν 3× (18.6%)

λιθοβολήσατε 2× (13.8%)

אותך אוֹתָךְ

a sign of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אות

ʼôwth

Definition

a signal (literally or figuratively), as aflag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.

Root

probably from H225 (אות) (in the sense of appearing);

Exhaustive

probably from אות (in the sense of appearing); a signal (literally or figuratively), as aflag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.; mark, miracle, (en-) sign, token.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H226

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹת

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 85

Properly the writing or sign engraved, indented; hence 1. a character, sign, mark; 2. covenant-sign, in full אוֹת בְּרִית.

אוֹת

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 86

Symbol, sanctuaries; military standard of single tribes, flag; time-sign for marking portions of time; omen and prodigy, a sign of something future; memorial, a monument.

אוֹת

noun masculine • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 86

Properly the being, existence, essence, body, hence person; self; used as a pronoun for emphasis; functions as a particle (accusative marker) to emphasize or make prominent the subject or object.

אוֹת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Alternative form of the accusative particle אֵת, often used when suffixes are attached or in plene writing.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אוֹת

verb • Page 35

To consent. References: 2 K. 12:9; Gen. 34:15, 22, 23.

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אוֹת

noun masculine • Page 34

A sign, flag, or standard (Num. 2:2); a memorial, pledge, or covenant (Gen. 17:11, Ex. 31:13); a token, omen, or prediction of a future event (Ex. 3:12, 1 Sam. 2:34); an emblem or symbol. Plural: אוֹתוֹת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H226

I. אֹת (approximate number of occurrences: 79) noun masculine Exodus 4:8 (feminine Joshua 24:17) — sign.

Cognates:

• Arabic اللهم
• Arabic plural أسط
• Aramaic אָתָא
• Aramaic אבגד

— אֹת absolute Genesis 4:15 +; construct Genesis 9:12 +; plural אֹתֹת Exodus 4:9.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sign, pledge, token

• Genesis 4:15 (J¹)
• אֹת אֱמֶת true token Joshua 2:12 (J)
• Of blood of Passover Exodus 12:13 (P)
• אֹת לְטוֹבָה token for good Psalm 86:17
• Pledges, assurances of travelers Job 21:29

b. Signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain predicted events

• 1 Samuel 10:7, 9 + 1 Samuel 10:1 where אֹת insert אֹתֹת, see We² Dr³
• Especially phrase זֶה הָאֹת לְ Exodus 3:12; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Samuel 14:10; 2 Kings 19:29; Jeremiah 44:29; Isaiah 7:11, 14; probably also Isaiah 44:25 (of false prophets)

c. Sign, symbol of prophets

• Isaiah 8:18 compare Ezekiel 4:3

d. Signs, miracles, as pledges or attestations of divine presence and interposition

• Exodus 4:8 (twice in verse); Exodus 4:9 (J) Exodus 7:3 (P) Exodus 8:19 (J) Psalm 74:9; 2 Kings 19:29; 2 Kings 20:8, 9 = Isaiah 37:30; Isaiah 38:7, 22
• With עָשָׂה Exodus 4:17, 30; Numbers 14:11, 22; Joshua 24:17 (all J E) Deuteronomy 11:3; Judges 6:17
• With צִוָּה Exodus 4:28 (J)
• With שִׂים Exodus 10:1 (J); with שִׂים Exodus 10:2 (J) Psalm 78:43; Isaiah 66:19
• הָאֹת וְהַמּוֹפֵת (see מוֹפֵת) Deuteronomy 13:3; compare Deuteronomy 28:46; Isaiah 20:3
• אֹת מֵאֹת Deuteronomy 13:2
• אֹתֹת וּמוֹפְתִים Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 7:19; Deuteronomy 26:8; Deuteronomy 29:2; Jeremiah 32:31
• With נָתַן Deuteronomy 6:22; Nehemiah 9:10
• With שִׂים Jeremiah 32:20; Psalm 105:27
• With שָׁלַח Deuteronomy 34:11; Psalm 135:9

e. Signs, memorials

• Stones from Jordan Joshua 4:6 (J)
• Metal of censers Numbers 17:3 (P)
• Aaron's rod Numbers 17:25 (P)
• עוֹלָם אֹת Isaiah 55:13 probably also Ezekiel 14:8 ("" מָשָׁל)
• Signs on hands, etc., Exodus 13:9, 16 (J) = Deuteronomy 6:8; Deuteronomy 11:18, probably belong here
• Also memorial pillar in Egypt Isaiah 19:20

f. Sign, pledge of covenant

• הַבְּרִית אֹת (see בְּרִית) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian covenant Genesis 9:12, 13, 17 (P)
• Circumcision, of Abrahamic covenant Genesis 17:11 (P)
• The sabbath Exodus 31:13, 17 (P); Ezekiel 20:12, 20

g. Ensigns, standards

• Numbers 2:2 (P) Psalm 74:4

h. Signs, tokens of changes of weather and times

• Genesis 1:14 (P; of heavenly luminaries) אֹתֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם Jeremiah 10:2 (changes of the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) compare Psalm 65:9

¹ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² We: Julius Wellhausen.

³ Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver.

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0226:

No stats available

H0853:

No stats available

באבן בָּאָבֶן

within the Stone

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H68

I. אֶבֶן (approximate number of occurrences: 274) noun feminine Genesis 29:2 (masculine 1 Samuel 17:40 ?) — stone.

Cognates:

• Assyrian abnu
• Phoenician אבן
• Aramaic אֶבֶן
• Syriac ܐܒܢܐ
• Ethiopic እብን
• Sabean [ם]אב (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341)

— אֶבֶן absolute Genesis 28:22 +; אָבֶן Genesis 11:3 +; construct Genesis 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֹ 2 Kings 3:25; אֲבָנִים Genesis 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. In Natural State

• Used as pillow Genesis 28:11, Genesis 28:18 (E²);
• Seat Exodus 17:12 (E);
• Cover of well Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3 (twice in verse); Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 (J);
• Causation of stumbling Isaiah 8:14;
• Marring good ground 2 Kings 3:19, 2 Kings 3:25;
• Hand-missile Exodus 21:18 (JE) Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:23 (P) 2 Samuel 16:6, 2 Samuel 16:13;
• Especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 20:27; Leviticus 24:23; Numbers 14:10; Numbers 15:35, Numbers 15:36; Joshua 7:25a (all P), so also Deuteronomy 21:21; 2 Chronicles 24:21; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:47; compare 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 10:18;
• With verb סָקַל Deuteronomy 13:11; Deuteronomy 17:5; Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 22:24; 1 Kings 21:13; also Joshua 7:25b (JE or D);
• Sling-stones Judges 20:16; 1 Samuel 17:40, 1 Samuel 17:49 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 17:50; 2 Chronicles 26:14;
• Hurled by engines 2 Chronicles 26:15;
• Set up for inscribing law Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4, Deuteronomy 27:8; Joshua 8:32 (all D);
• As memorial Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21 (JED) 1 Samuel 7:12;
• As sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Genesis 28:18; Genesis 35:14 (anointed with oil), Genesis 28:22 (= בֵּית אֱלֹהִים) compare רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 49:24 (see Dillmann);
• As witness Genesis 31:45 compare Joshua 24:26, Joshua 24:27 (all JE);
• Plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Joshua 7:26 (see Dillmann) Joshua 8:29; compare Joshua 10:18, Joshua 10:27 (JE) 2 Samuel 18:17;
• גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Genesis 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE);
• Built into altar Exodus 20:25; Deuteronomy 27:5, Deuteronomy 27:6 (JED) Joshua 8:31; 1 Kings 18:31, 1 Kings 18:32, 1 Kings 18:38; compare 2 Kings 23:15 (for הַבָּמָה) (Klostermann);
• Of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית אֶבֶן Leviticus 26:1 (H);
• גְּדוֹלָה אֶבֶן where ark rested 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15 also 1 Samuel 6:18 (see אַבֶל quod vide).

2. As Material

• Of tablets Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:1 (plural) Exodus 34:4; Exodus 34:4 (JE) Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 9:9, Deuteronomy 9:10, Deuteronomy 9:11; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:3;
• Of vessels, hence probably Exodus 7:19 (P; אֶבֶן = vessels of stone " עֲצִיִּים") see Dillmann;
• Idols (" עֵץ") Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; also Jeremiah 3:9; Ezekiel 20:32;
• Pavement 2 Kings 16:17;
• Edifice 1 Kings 6:7 compare Genesis 11:3; also 2 Samuel 5:11; 2 Kings 12:13; 1 Chronicles 22:15;
• Often plural of (worked) stones Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:42 (twice in verse); Leviticus 14:43, Leviticus 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2 Kings 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Nehemiah 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 Kings 15:22; Nehemiah 3:34;
• Tomb Isaiah 14:19;
• אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Kings 7:9, 1 Kings 7:10, 1 Kings 7:11 (see also below 3);
• אַבְנֵי שִׁישׁ = marble (see below) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Chronicles 22:2; Ezekiel 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית;
• מַחְצַב אֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13; 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11;
• Foundation-stone, corner-stone Isaiah 28:16; Jeremiah 51:26; Job 38:6; Psalm 118:22;
• Cap-stone, completing the building, הָרֹאשָׁנָה אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ מִנָּה Psalm 118:22 as above), Zechariah 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 1890, 129;
• Stone-cutters חָרָשִׁי אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 5:11; 1 Chronicles 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָאֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13 compare 1 Chronicles 22:2.

3. Precious Stones

• Generally with modifying word יְקָרָה אֶבֶן collective 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 10:2 + often (see 2);
• הַשֹּׁהַם אֶבֶן Genesis 2:12 (J) compare Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (P) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• מִלֻּאִים אֶבֶן Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27 compare 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• סַמִּיר אֶבֶן Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:1;
• אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isaiah 54:12;
• חֹפֶץ אֶבֶן ibid.;
• אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• חֵן אֶבֶן Proverbs 17:8;
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išāti (?) see Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 118 & Wright 40; but Smend and others thunderbolts;
• Also without distinctive modifier Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9;
• חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן engraver in stone Exodus 28:11; compare Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:33 (P).

4. Stones Containing Metal, Ore

• Deuteronomy 8:9 (see Dillmann) Job 28:2 compare Job 28:3.

5. A Weight

• Originally stone (see Proverbs 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי כִּיס Proverbs 16:11 (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• הַמֶּלַח אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare Genesis 23:16);
• וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 25:13; Proverbs 20:10, Proverbs 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use);
• כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Micah 6:11;
• Just weights אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק Leviticus 19:36;
• שֶׁלֶמָה אֶבֶן Proverbs 11:1;
• Hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zechariah 5:8.

6. Plummet

• Isaiah 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2 Kings 21:13; Amos 7:7, 8); also made of metal הַבְּדִיל אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. Objects Like Stones; Particle Hail

• Explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Joshua 10:11 compare Isaiah 30:30;
• אֶלְגָּבִישׁ אֶבֶן Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:18; Ezekiel 38:22;
• But also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלֹת Joshua 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• Lime-stones אַבְנֵי גִּיר Isaiah 27:9.

8. In Simile (Mostly Poetry)

• Of sinking in water Exodus 15:5 = Nehemiah 9:11;
• Motionlessness Exodus 15:16;
• Strength Job 6:12;
• Firmness Job 41:16;
• Solidity (of ice) Job 38:30;
• In prose, of commonness 1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chronicles 1:15;
• Also metaphor of one in fear 1 Samuel 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exodus 15:16 above);
• אֶבֶן לֵב = perverse, hard heart Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26;
• אַבְנֵי נֵזֶר Zechariah 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — אֶבֶן personified Habakkuk 2:11 compare Ezekiel 13:11 (see 7 above).

9. In Topographic Terms (Nearly = Proper Name)

• אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Joshua 15:6; Joshua 18:17;
• הָעֶזֶר אֶבֶן 1 Samuel 5:1;
• Compare 1 Samuel 7:12, also 1 Samuel 4:1 (Wellhausen Driver);
• הַזֹּחֶלֶת אֶבֶן 1 Kings 1:9 (where Wellhausen Skizzen III, 171 compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1 Samuel 20:19 (for אֶבֶן), 1 Samuel 20:41 (for נָּנִי), see Targum (αργαβ, ἁργαβ), Thenius Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Haupt Studien.

II. אֶבֶן noun feminine Daniel 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew idem); — absolute אֶבֶן Daniel 2:34 +; אַבְנָא Daniel 2:35; — 1 a (the) stone Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:45; Daniel 6:18. 2 stone, material of idols Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23; of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341.

² J = Jehovist (Yahwist) Source; E = Elohist Source.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

ובתקוך וּבִתְּקוּךְ

and they are ripping apart yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בתק

bâthaq

Definition

to cut in pieces

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cut in pieces; thrust through.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1333

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּתַק

verb • Root בתק • Strongs / High • Page 288

A verb (Kal unused) meaning to cut asunder. The Piel form means to cut in pieces.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּתַק

verb • Page 121

To cut in pieces, thrust through (Ezek. 16:40).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1333

I. בָּתַק verb — cut, cut off, cut down.

Cognates:

• Assyrian batâqu
• Arabic بتك (secuit, amputavit)

— only Pi`el Perfect consecutive וּבִתְּקוּךְ בְּחַרְבוֹתָם Ezekiel 16:40 and they shall cut thee to pieces with their swords.

¹ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT), Glossary.

² Heinrich Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen (BP), 104 n.

conjunctive, Verb Piel sequential perfect third person common plural, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1333:

No stats available

בחרבותם בְּחַרְבוֹתָם׃

within the swords of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרב

chereb

Definition

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

Root

from H2717 (חרב);

Exhaustive

from חרב; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement; axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2719

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶרֶב

noun / feminine • Root חרב • Strongs / High • Page 524

1. a sword; any sharp instrument like a knife, razor, axe, or chisel. 2. war. 3. dryness or consumption as a disease. 4. grave or mausoleum.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶרֶב

f. verbal • Root חרב • Page 246

1. a sword (Deut. 13:16, 20:13, Josh. 6:21). 2. other cutting instruments like a knife for circumcising (Josh. 5:2), a razor (Ezek. 5:1), a pickaxe (Ex. 20:25), or a battering ram (Ezek. 26:9). 3. dryness, drought (Deut. 28:22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2719

I. חֶ֫רֶב (approximate number of occurrences: 411) noun feminine^{Isaiah 21:15} — sword (as weapon).

Cognates:

• Aramaic חַרְבָּא
• Syriac חַרְבָּא
• Zinjirli חרב
• Arabic حربة ḥarbah dart, javelin

— חֶ֫רֶב absolute Genesis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exodus 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deuteronomy 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exodus 15:9 (13 times); חַרְבְּךָ Genesis 27:40 (7 times); חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Samuel 17:33, Psalm 17:13; חַרְבּוֺ Numbers 22:23 (24 times); חַרְבְּכֶם Jeremiah 2:30, Ezekiel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Psalm 37:15, Psalm 44:4; plural חֲרָבוֺת Isaiah 21:15 (5 times); construct חַרְבוֺת Joshua 5:2 (2 times); suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezekiel 26:9; חַרְבוֺתָם Isaiah 2:4 (5 times); חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3 (2 times).

1. Sword as weapon

a. Sword, as weapon of war

• Genesis 48:22 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 7:14, 20
• 1 Samuel 21:9, and so in all periods
• two-edged (short) sword חֶרֶב וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Judges 3:16
• compare חֶרֶב מִּיּוֺת Proverbs 5:4 (in simile), חֶרֶב מִּיפִיּוֺת Psalm 149:6
• see also צוּר חֶרֶב edge of sword Psalm 89:44

b. Gird on sword

• חָגַר הַחֶרֶב 1 Samuel 17:39
• 1 Samuel 25:13 (3 times)
• Psalm 45:4 (+ חֶרֶב עַל יָרֵך)
• שִׂים על ירך Exodus 32:27
• compare especially 2 Samuel 20:8

c. Draw the sword

• הֵרִיק הַחֶרֶב Exodus 15:9; Leviticus 26:33; Ezekiel 5:2, 12; 12:14; 28:7
• הוציא הַחֶרֶב Ezekiel 21:8, 10
• פתח הַחֶרֶב Psalm 37:14; Ezekiel 21:33
• נטשׁ Isaiah 21:15 (Graetz¹, Cheyne² read לטשׁ)
• usually שׁלף הַחֶרֶב Numbers 22:23, 31; Joshua 5:13; Judges 3:22; Judges 8:10, 20; 9:54; 1 Samuel 17:51; 31:4 = 1 Chronicles 10:4; 1 Chronicles 21:16
• as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף חֶרֶב Judges 20:2, 15, 17, 25, 35, 46; 2 Samuel 24:9; 2 Kings 3:26; 1 Chronicles 21:5 (twice)
• וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶל־הַחֶרֶב 2 Samuel 23:10, insert also in parallel 1 Chronicles 11:13 (S. R. Driver³)

d. Whet, sharpen the sword

• לטשׁ הַחֶרֶב Psalm 7:13
• שׁנן Deuteronomy 32:41 compare Psalm 64:4
• הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, 16

e. Put up the sword into the sheath

• הֵשִׁיב הַחֶרֶב אֶל־נְדָנָהּ 1 Chronicles 21:27
• sheath elsewhere is תַּעַר 1 Samuel 17:51; 2 Samuel 20:8; Jeremiah 47:6; Ezekiel 21:8

f. Slay with sword

• הרג בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 10:11; 13:22 +
• in 1 Samuel 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים (Septuagint, Wellhausen⁴, S. R. Driver³)
• rarely הכה בְּחֶרֶב Joshua 11:10; 2 Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38
• very often הִכָּה לְפִי־חֶרֶב smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25) = without quarter: Numbers 21:24 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:16a; 20:13; Joshua 11:11, 12, 14 (Deuteronomic Source); Judges 18:27; 21:10; 1 Kings 10:25; Job 1:15, 17
• also with הָעִיר (the city) as object: Joshua 8:24; 10:28, 30, 32, 35, 37, 39; 19:47; Judges 1:8, 25; 20:37; 1 Samuel 22:19 (twice); 2 Samuel 15:14
• הרג לְפִי־חֶרֶב Genesis 34:26 (Yahwist Source); הֶחֱרִים לְפִי־חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 13:16b, Joshua 6:21; 1 Samuel 15:8
• חלשׁ לְפִי־חֶרֶב Exodus 17:13 (Elohist Source); נפל לְפִי־חֶרֶב Joshua 8:24; Judges 4:16
• וַיָּהָם יְהוָה ... לְפִי־חֶרֶב Judges 4:15

g. Devouring

• אכלה הַחֶרֶב etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deuteronomy 32:42 (poetry)
• 2 Samuel 2:26; 11:25; 18:8
• Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 46:10, 14; Nahum 2:14

h. Slain by sword

• חֲלַל־חֶרֶב Numbers 19:16 (Priestly Code) and frequently in Ezekiel
• חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב Ezekiel 31:17, 18; 32:21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32; 35:8
• מְחֻלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:26 (Cornill⁵ reads חללי־חֶרֶב)

i. Captives of sword

• שְׁבֻיוֺת חֶרֶב Genesis 31:26 (taken by sword)

j. Sword as agent of Yahweh

• Judges 7:20; Isaiah 34:6; Jeremiah 12:12; Jeremiah 47:6 etc.
• Deuteronomy 28:22 (but read חֹרֶב drought)
• לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַמֶּכֶת Genesis 3:24
• in poetry: לַהַב חֶרֶב Nahum 3:3, בְּרַק חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 32:41

k. Figurative uses

• of tongue Psalm 57:5; compare 59:8
• of violence, war, etc. Genesis 27:40
• in simile Proverbs 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women)

2. Knife

• חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים flint knives for circumcision Joshua 5:2, 3 (see Wellhausen⁴)
• חֶרֶב חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים Ezekiel 5:1, 2 (according to Cornill⁵ use of sword as razor is significant)

3. Of tools used in hewing stone

• חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exodus 20:25
• יִתֹּץ בְּחַרְבוֹתָיו Ezekiel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Cornill⁵ 'Eisen'), but possibly swords as implements ready to hand
• 2 Chronicles 34:6 Qere בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins (Bertheau⁶, compare Psalm 109:10)

¹ Heinrich Graetz.

² T. K. Cheyne.

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁴ J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten.

⁵ C. H. Cornill.

⁶ Ernst Bertheau.

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ῥομφαίᾳ ῥομφαίαν μάχαιραν μαχαίρᾳ ῥομφαία

LXX Usage Statistics

H2719:

ῥομφαίᾳ 62× (13.7%)

ῥομφαίαν 60× (14.4%)

μάχαιραν 39× (9.4%)

μαχαίρᾳ 35× (8.8%)

ῥομφαία 34× (8.4%)

μαχαίρασ 33× (8.2%)

ῥομφαίασ 28× (7.0%)

μάχαιρα 24× (5.9%)

'' 19× (4.3%)

μαχαίραισ 10× (2.4%)

RBT Translation:

and they are making ascend upon yourself convocation/assembled crowd and they are piling together a sign of yourself within the Stone and they are ripping apart yourself within the swords of themselves

RBT Paraphrase:
And they are making an assembled crowd climb up against yourself, and they are piling together the eternal sign of yourself within the Stone, and they are ripping yourself apart within the swords of themselves!

"My version!""My version!""My version!""My version!"

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And they brought up a convocation against thee, and they stoned thee with stone, and they cut thee in pieces with their swords.

LITV Translation:
And they will raise against you a company, and they shall stone you with stones, and cut you with their swords.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And they shall bring multitudes upon thee, and they shall stone thee with stones, and pierce thee with their swords.