Ezekiel 1:15

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וארא וָאֵרֶא

and I am seeing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ראה

râʼâh

Definition

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative); advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7200

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To see, look, behold, or observe (physical act); to perceive, experience, or know (metaphorical); of prophets, to have revelations; to live/exist (to see light); to inspect, examine, try; to regard, consider, trust, or choose/appoint.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To be seen, but when used with a negative, to disappear, to be invisible (only 3 pl. fem. is attested as רָאֲתָה).

רָאָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1309

To see, look, perceive, appear; sometimes the object follows in a clause introduced by כִּי; to cause to look upon with a mischievous pleasure; to cause one to feel or experience, good or evil; to enjoy.

רָאָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1309

The name of a bird of prey, probably named from its keen sight.

רָאָה

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1309

Seeing.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1307

1. Intransitive: to see, to look, to view. 2. Transitive: to see, with the accusative. Often meaning to perceive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Page 601

To see, look. 1. to see, look (Ps. 64:6, Ex. 5:21, Mal. 3:18). 2. to view with interest or sympathy, to rejoice in a thing (Job 3:9, Ps. 22:18, Ps. 112:8). 3. to look on, to view (Lev. 13:3); specifically of God looking on to relieve affliction (Ex. 4:31, Ps. 9:14). 4. to look or see to a thing, to take care for it (Gen. 39:23, 1 K. 12:16). 5. to see, know, discern (Jer. 20:12, Ecc. 1:16). 6. to visit (2 Sam. 13:5, 2 K. 8:29). 7. to choose, select (Gen. 22:8); passive participle רָאוּי means select or chosen (Est. 2:9). 8. to see or experience good, evil, life, or death (Ps. 34:13, Ecc. 9:9, Ps. 89:49).

רָאָה

verb • Page 602

found only Deut. 14:13. prob. a corrupted reading for דַּיָּה, as in the parallel passage Lev. 11:14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7200

I. רָאָה (approximate number of occurrences: 1315) verb — see.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription) וארא
• Sabean ראי see, expect
• Arabic رأى see
• Ethiopic ርእየ
• Aramaic רֵו, רֵיוָא appearance

— רָאָה absolute Genesis 29:10; suffix וְרָֽאֲךָ Exodus 4:14; רָֽאֲתָה feminine Genesis 38:14; יִרְאֶה Imperfect Genesis 22:8; יֵרֵא jussive Genesis 41:33; וַיַּרְא Genesis 18:2; רְאֵה Imperative Genesis 27:27; רָאֹה Infinitive absolute Exodus 3:7; רְאוֺת construct Exodus 10:28; רֹאֶה Participle active Ezekiel 13:15.

Qal

1. see
   • a. With subject eye: Isaiah 6:5, Isaiah 30:20; of seeing God Genesis 32:31 (face to face); of access to rank Genesis 43:3.
   • b. With accusative of thing: Joshua 24:7, 1 Samuel 24:11; receiving revelation Isaiah 30:10, Ezekiel 13:3; see the sun (the living) Ecclesiastes 7:11.
2. see, followed by clauses:
   • a. With כִּי (that): Genesis 6:2 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 2:2 (Elohist Source).
   • b. With adjective or participle: Genesis 7:1, Amos 9:1, 2 Samuel 18:10.
3. see, so as to learn or know:
   • Deuteronomy 33:9; have experience of Jeremiah 5:12, Psalm 89:49.
4. absolute, have power of vision:
   • Genesis 27:1; figurative of spiritual vision Isaiah 6:10, Ezekiel 12:2.
5. perceive:
   • Exodus 3:4; Genesis 2:19. Note: combined with ידע (know and see): 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Samuel 12:17.
6. look at, see by direct volition:
   • a. Inspect or reconnoitre: Joshua 2:1, Leviticus 13:3.
   • b. Of God looking with favour: Psalm 138:6.
   • c. Look after, visit: Genesis 37:14, 1 Samuel 15:35.
   • d. Look out, find, select: 2 Kings 9:2, Genesis 41:33, 1 Samuel 16:1.
7. mental observation:
   • a. Consider, reflect: Genesis 31:50, Ecclesiastes 7:14.
   • b. Distinguish: Malachi 3:18.
8. with preposition ב:
   • a. Gaze at, inspect: 1 Samuel 6:19, Ezekiel 21:26.
   • b. Feast eyes upon, gloat over: Micah 7:10, Obadiah 1:12–13, Psalm 22:18.

Niph`al

— נִרְאָה absolute Genesis 48:3; יֵרָאֶה Imperfect Genesis 22:14.

1. appear
   • a. Of God: Genesis 12:7, Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), 1 Kings 3:5.
   • b. Of man, present oneself: Genesis 46:29; appear before Jehovah Exodus 34:23, Psalm 42:3.
   • c. Of things: Genesis 1:9, Songs 2:12.
2. be seen: 1 Kings 10:12; be present Exodus 13:7.

Pu`al

— רֻוְּ plural Job 33:21 be seen, detected (perhaps corrupt).

Hithpa`el

— תִּתְרָאוּ Imperfect Genesis 42:1 look at each other.

• Met in combat: 2 Kings 14:8, 2 Kings 14:11.

Hiph`il

— הֶרְאָה Perfect Genesis 41:28; הַרְאֵנִי Imperative Exodus 33:18; הַרְאוֺת Infinitive Deuteronomy 3:24.

1. cause to see, shew:
   • a. Numbers 13:26, 2 Kings 20:13; of God shewing Genesis 12:1, Exodus 25:9.
   • b. Cause to experience: Habakkuk 1:3, Psalm 60:5.
2. cause to look intently at: Psalm 50:23; feast eyes upon enemies Psalm 59:11.

Hoph`al

— הָרְאֵיתָ Perfect Exodus 26:30; מָרְאֶה Participle Exodus 25:40 be caused to see, be shewn.

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), line 4.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 75p.

³ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxix, 1875.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (Dr Sm).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect first person common singular

LXX: εἶδεν εἶδον ὄψεται ἰδεῖν ἴδετε

LXX Usage Statistics

H7200:

εἶδεν 159× (11.3%)

εἶδον 154× (11.3%)

ὄψεται 52× (3.8%)

ἰδεῖν 51× (3.6%)

ἴδετε 43× (3.1%)

ἰδὲ 42× (3.0%)

ἰδὼν 34× (2.5%)

ὄψονται 33× (2.5%)

ὤφθη 28× (2.1%)

ἰδοὺ 24× (1.9%)

החיות הַחַיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

---

II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

---

I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

---

II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

---

חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

---

Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416c:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

והנה וְהִנֵּה

And behold!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הנה

hinnêh

Definition

lo!

Root

prolongation for H2005 (הן);

Exhaustive

prolongation for הן; lo!; behold, lo, see.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2009

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִנֵּה

adverb / interjection / demonstrative pronoun • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

A demonstrative particle, functioning as an adverb or interjection. Its primary meanings are there, here, behold!, lo!. It points to a definite existence or presence (e.g., 'is there', 'was there'), and is frequently used with suffixes (הִנְנִי, behold me; הִנְךָ, behold you). Before participles, it adds demonstrative liveliness. It can also function as a mere exclamation or mean 'if'.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

personal pronoun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

They (feminine). A 3rd person plural feminine personal pronoun. Related to הֵן I.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

adverb • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

An adverb of place and time. 1. hither, to this place, often used after verbs of motion or to add the idea of motion. Can also mean 'thus far' or 'of time till now'. 2. here, in this place.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִנֵּה

interjection • Page 191

see! behold! Very frequent. (Gen. 19:2; Dan. 12:5; 1 K. 20:40).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2009

I. הִנֵּה (once הִנֶּהֿ Genesis 19:2) demonstrative particle — lo! behold!.

Cognates:

• Arabic إِنَّ (certainly, surely, literally lo!)

— with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative¹) הִנְנִי Genesis 6:13 + often; (also הִנֶּ֣נִּי Genesis 22:7), הִנֵּ֑נִי Genesis 22:1, 11 +; (הִנֶּ֔נִּי Genesis 27:18); Isaiah 65:1 הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי; but הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי is also said Genesis 24:13, 43; Genesis 25:32; Genesis 48:21; Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:17 +; and, more rarely, הִנֵּה אֲנִי Ezekiel 37:5, 12, 19, 21; 2 Chronicles 2:3, compare 2 Kings 10:9; Jeremiah 32:27; הִנְּךָ Genesis 20:3 + (2 Kings 7:2 הִנְּכָה), הִנֶּ֑ךָּ Psalm 139:8; feminine הִנָּךָ Genesis 16:11 (6 times); הִנּוֺ Numbers 23:17; Job 2:6; 1 Chronicles 11:25; הִנֵּ֫הוּ Jeremiah 18:3 Kt (הִנֵּה הוּא is more usual, as Genesis 20:16; Genesis 42:27; 1 Samuel 10:22; Jeremiah 38:5; Ruth 3:2); 1 plural הִנְנוּ Joshua 9:25; 2 Samuel 5:1; Jeremiah 3:22; Ezra 9:15, הִנֶּ֫נּוּ Genesis 44:16; Genesis 50:18; Numbers 14:40, הִנֵּנ֑וּ Job 38:35; הִנְּכֶם Deuteronomy 1:10; Jeremiah 16:12; הִנָּם Genesis 40:5 + often (37 times) — lo! behold!

1. Pointing to persons or things

a. General usage

• Genesis 12:19 and now הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ behold thy wife!
• Genesis 18:9 הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל behold (she is) in the tent (the suffix being not unfrequently omitted when the noun has immediately preceded, Genesis 16:14; compare Driver² § 135. 6, 2), Genesis 30:3; Genesis 31:51; Exodus 24:8 etc.

b. In response to a call ("Here I am!")

• Genesis 22:1, 7, 11; Genesis 27:1, 18; Genesis 31:11; Genesis 37:13; Genesis 46:2; Exodus 3:4; 1 Samuel 3:4, 5, 6, 8, 16; 1 Samuel 22:12; 2 Samuel 1:7; Isaiah 6:8.
• 1 Samuel 12:3 הִנְנִי עֲנוּ בִי here I am, answer against me; 1 Samuel 14:43; 2 Samuel 15:26 (in resignation: compare Genesis 44:16; Genesis 50:18; Joshua 9:25; Ezra 9:15).
• Of God: Isaiah 52:6; Isaiah 58:9; Isaiah 65:1.
• Plural: Numbers 14:40; Jeremiah 3:22; Job 38:35.
• Emphatic: הִנְנִי אָ֕נִי Ezekiel 34:11, 20, compare Ezekiel 6:3.

2. Introducing clauses involving predication

a. Reference to the past or present

Pointing to some truth either newly asserted or recognized:

• Genesis 1:29 behold! I have given to you all herbs etc. Genesis 17:20; Genesis 27:6; 1 Samuel 14:33.
• In proposals or entreaties using הִנֵּהנָֿא: Genesis 12:11; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 18:7; 1 Kings 20:31; 1 Kings 22:13.

b. Reference to the future

Introducing a solemn declaration or prediction, especially with the participle (futuram instans³):

• Genesis 20:3 הִנְּךָ מֵת behold thou art about to die.
• Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 9:3; Deuteronomy 31:17; 1 Samuel 3:11; Isaiah 3:1; Isaiah 10:33; Isaiah 17:1; Isaiah 19:1.
• Phrase הנה ימים באים: 1 Samuel 2:31; 2 Kings 20:17; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13 + Jeremiah 15:1 etc.
• With 1sg הִנְנִי מֵבִיא: Genesis 6:17; Exodus 10:4; Isaiah 13:17; Isaiah 29:14; Isaiah 43:19; Jeremiah 8:17; Jeremiah 11:22 (הִנְנִי פֹקֵד); Jeremiah 16:16; Jeremiah 20:4.
• Anomalously with change of person: Isaiah 28:16 הִנְנִי יִסַּד behold me, one who has founded; Isaiah 29:14 הִנְנִי יוֺסִף behold me, one who will add (so Isaiah 38:5).

3. Use in historical style (וְהִנֵּה)

Frequently after verbs of seeing or discovering, making narrative graphic:

• Genesis 1:31 and behold, it was very good, Genesis 6:12; Genesis 8:13; Genesis 15:12; Genesis 18:2; Genesis 37:29; Exodus 2:6; Deuteronomy 9:13.
• In descriptions of dreams or visions: Genesis 37:7, 9; Genesis 40:9, 16; Genesis 41:1–3; Isaiah 29:8; Amos 7:1, 4; Amos 8:1.
• With a participle (past context): Genesis 24:30; Genesis 37:15; Judges 9:43; Judges 11:34; 1 Kings 19:5, 11.

4. As conditional particle (if)

Rare usage, nearly equivalent to II. הֵן:

• Leviticus 13:5, 6, 7, 8; Deuteronomy 13:15.
• Deuteronomy 17:4 וְהִנֵּה אֱמֶת and behold it is true = and if it be true; Deuteronomy 19:18; 1 Samuel 20:12; 1 Samuel 9:7; 2 Samuel 18:11; Hosea 9:6.

¹ Ewald's Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, § 262 c (Ew).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, § 135. 6, 2.

³ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, § 135. 3.

Conjunction, Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ --- ἰδού '' ἦν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2009:

ἰδοὺ 634× (73.5%)

--- 25× (3.1%)

ἰδού 14× (1.6%)

'' 12× (1.3%)

ἦν 9× (0.9%)

ἐστιν 8× (0.8%)

ὅτι 7× (0.9%)

ἰδου 7× (0.8%)

νῦν 6× (0.7%)

ὧδε 6× (0.7%)

אופן אוֹפַן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אופן

ʼôwphân

Definition

a wheel

Root

or (shortened) אפן; from an unused root meaning to revolve;

Exhaustive

or (shortened) אפן; from an unused root meaning to revolve; a wheel; wheel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H212

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹפָן

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 81

Properly circle, hence a wheel, a usual chariot wheel. Also applied to the wheels under the ten bases in Solomon's temple, the wheels of a threshing machine, and in prophetic vision to the wheels of the divine throne.

אוֹפָן

noun • Root אפן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 175

See אֹפֶן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹפָן

noun masculine • Page 33

wheel. (Ex. 14:25; Prov. 20:26). Threshing waggon or sledge.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H212

I. אוֹפַן noun masculine Ezekiel 1:20 — wheel.

— אוֹפַן absolute 1 Kings 7:32 +; אוֹפָן Exodus 1:16 +; construct אוֹפַן 1 Kings 7:33; Isaiah 28:27 אוֹפָן Exodus 14:25; plural אוֹפַנִּים 1 Kings 7:32 +; construct אוֹפַנֵי 1 Kings 7:30; אוֹפַנֵיהֶם Ezekiel 10:12, etc.

1. wheel of chariot (מֶרְכָּבָה) Exodus 14:25; 1 Kings 7:33; Nahum 3:2; of (threshing) cart (עֲגָלָה) Isaiah 28:27 compare Proverbs 20:26 (as instrument of punishment).
2. wheels in Ezekiel's vision Ezekiel 1:15, Ezekiel 1:16 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 1:19; Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:20 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 1:21; Ezekiel 3:13; Ezekiel 10:6, Ezekiel 10:9 (3 times in verse); Ezekiel 10:10 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:12 (3 times in verse); Ezekiel 10:13, Ezekiel 10:16 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:22.
3. wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple 1 Kings 7:30, 1 Kings 7:32 (3 times in verse); 1 Kings 7:33.

¹ "t." stands for "times" (following a number), indicating the number of occurrences.

² "Co" refers to C. H. Cornill, a scholar; the instruction "(strike out Co)" means to omit any reference to Cornill.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0212:

No stats available

אחד אֶחָד

one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H259

I. אֶחָד (962 times) adjective — number one.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אחד
• Sabean idem
• compare D. H. Müller¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707
• Arabic أحد
• Ethiopic አሐድ
• Aramaic חַד
• Syriac ܚܕܐ
• on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Friedrich Delitzsch² Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139

— absolute אֶחָד Genesis 1:5; אַחַד Genesis 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1 Samuel 9:3 and elsewhere see S. R. Driver³; feminine absolute אַחַת Genesis 2:21 +; אֶחָת Genesis 11:1 +; construct אַחַת Deuteronomy 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 + 4 times; חַד Ezekiel 33:30 strike out C. H. Cornill⁴ compare אֲחָדִים.

1. Cardinal Number: One

• Genesis 1:9; Genesis 27:38, Genesis 27:45; Exodus 12:49; Joshua 23:10; 1 Samuel 1:24; 2 Samuel 12:3 +; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2 Samuel 17:3 for אִישׁ אֶחָד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one or two לֹא לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; as substantive followed by מִן Genesis 2:21; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13; Isaiah 34:16 +; הָאֶחָד Genesis 19:9; Genesis 42:13, Genesis 42:32; 2 Kings 6:3, 2 Kings 6:5 +; one and the same Genesis 40:5; Job 31:15; plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 compare Ezekiel 37:17 (absolute), but see C. H. Cornill⁴; = few, a few יָמִים אַחַדִים Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:20; Daniel 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judges 20:8; 1 Samuel 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Nehemiah 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Ecclesiastes 11:6; see especially Isaiah 65:25 (parallel to earlier יַחְדָּו Isaiah 11:6, Isaiah 11:7).

2. Distributive: Each, Every

• Exodus 36:30; Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:85; Numbers 28:21; 1 Kings 4:7; 2 Kings 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Numbers 7:11; Numbers 13:2; Numbers 17:21; Joshua 3:12; Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:4.

3. Indefinite: A Certain

• 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 18:10; 2 Kings 4:1; Esther 3:8; 2 Samuel 17:9 see S. R. Driver³ 1 Samuel 1:1; hence indefinite article 1 Samuel 6:7; 1 Samuel 24:15; 1 Samuel 26:20 (but strike out Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³) 1 Kings 19:4, 1 Kings 19:5 +.

4. Only

• 1 Kings 4:19; & (feminine) once 2 Kings 6:10; Psalm 62:12; Psalm 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לִשְׁלוֹשִׁים שָׁנִים 2 Chronicles 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת Leviticus 16:34 compare Job 40:5, מַעַם אֶחָת Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11 compare Joshua 6:14, בְּאַחַת Numbers 10:4; Job 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָת Proverbs 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמָה נְקָמָה אַחַת Judges 16:28.

Note: Numbers 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Proverbs 28:18 read probably with Paul de Lagarde⁶ Dy Bi בַּשָּׁבָחַת; Judges 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷). Jeremiah 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether.

5. One . . . Another, The One . . . The Other

• אֶחָד . . . אֶחָד Exodus 17:12; Exodus 18:3, Exodus 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2 Samuel 12:1; Jeremiah 24:2; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Nehemiah 4:11 +; 2 Samuel 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isaiah 27:12 compare Ecclesiastes 7:27.

6. Ordinal: First

• (mostly Priests' Code / Narrative and late) Genesis 1:5 (P) Genesis 2:11 (J) Exodus 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezekiel 10:14 especially of first day of month Exodus 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16, Ezra 10:17; Nehemiah 8:2; Haggai 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Daniel 1:21; Daniel 9:1, Daniel 9:2; Daniel 11:1 compare first (day, יוֹם omitted) Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:24; Numbers 1:18; Numbers 29:1; Numbers 33:38 (all P) Deuteronomy 1:3; 2 Chronicles 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 45:18.

7. In Combinations

• a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Genesis 32:23; Genesis 37:9 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Joshua 15:51 (P) 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:18; 2 Chronicles 36:5, 2 Chronicles 36:11; Jeremiah 52:1 (precedes noun, except Joshua 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1 compare 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְחֲמִשִּׁים מֵאוֹת Numbers 1:41; compare Numbers 2:16, Numbers 2:28; Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39 (all P; אֶחָד precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (אֶחָד following) 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:10; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 12:13 compare 2 Kings 22:1 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Kings 24:18 = Jeremiah 52:1 2 Chronicles 36:11; Joshua 12:24 (D) Isaiah 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:30 compare Nehemiah 7:37; Daniel 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשִׁשִּׁים מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 8:13 (P) Exodus 12:18 (P), 1 Chronicles 24:17; 1 Chronicles 25:28; 2 Chronicles 16:13 (אֶחָד preceding); but 1 Kings 16:23; Haggai 2:1 (אֶחָד following).

II. [אֶחָד] (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד. חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular חַד Daniel 2:31 +; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; — 1 one side Daniel 7:5; noun omitted Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so Syriac-Codex K 3, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; חַד = a certain one (τινά) Daniel 7:16 (with מִן partitive). 2 a (indefinite article) with substantive Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Theodor Nöldeke § 241 PS 1194; compare Exodus 16:5), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷ § 66, 2.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139.

³ S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Commentary on Ezekiel.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

⁶ Paul de Lagarde, Orientalia.

⁷ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Adjective cardinal number both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

בארץ בָּאָרֶץ

in the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

אצל אֵצֶל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אצל

ʼêtsel

Definition

a side; (as a preposition) near

Root

from H680 (אצל) (in the sense of joining);

Exhaustive

from אצל (in the sense of joining); a side; (as a preposition) near; at, (hard) by, (from) (beside), near (unto), toward, with. See also בית האצל.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H681

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲצַל

root • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

(Not used) to lean upon, attach oneself to, to incline to, proceeding from the fundamental signification of binding.

אֶצֶל

noun masculine / preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

1. properly slope, declivity, then side; 2. a preposition beside, at, by, near; 3. proper name of a place.

אָצֵל

proper name • Root אצל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

1. noble, choice (proper name); 2. slope, declivity (proper name of a place near Jerusalem).

אָצַל

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

To separate, divide, take away, take out; to refuse, withdraw; to select for one.

אָצַל

verb • Root אצל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 200

(not used) to be firm, pressed close, pressed firmly together, hence to be strong, hard; to make firm.

אַצְלַח

verb (aramaic) • Root צלח • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1231

Aramaic (Afel): same as Hebr. הִצְלִיחַ to cause to succeed, to make prosperous, to accomplish prosperously, to succeed.

אֲצַלְיָה

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

Distinguished is Jah.

בֵּית הָאֵצֶל

proper name • Root אצל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

Proper name of a place mentioned in Mic. 1:11.

בֵּית הָאֵצֶל

proper name • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

See אָצַל, אָצֵל.

נֶאֱצַל

verb • Root אצל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 180

To be separated (spoken of space).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵצֶל

noun • Page 68

II. Proper name of a place. Found only Zech. 14:5 in pause. Also proper name of a person 1 Chr. 8:38. 9:44. If it denoted foot of a mountain, it would be pointed אָצַל in pause.

אֵצֶל

adverb • Root אצל • Page 68

By the side of, by, near. Derived from אָצַל. With suff. אֶצְלִי etc. מֵאֵצֶל from beside, de chez, 1 K. 3:20. 1 Sam. 20:41.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H681

I. אֵצֶל (61 times) noun conjunction, proximity; with suffix אֵצְלִי, אֵצְלוֹ etc.; only used as a preposition.

1. in proximity to (as an implicit accusative) (as though לְאֵל ¹), beside: Genesis 39:10, Genesis 39:15; Genesis 41:3 and stood אֵצֶל הַמַּרְוֹת beside the kine, 1 Samuel 5:2 אֵצֶל דָּגוֹן beside Dagon, 1 Kings 13:24, 1 Kings 13:25; 1 Kings 21:1; Proverbs 8:30; Ezekiel 1:15, Ezekiel 1:19; Ezekiel 33:30; Ezekiel 39:15; often in phrase (וְיָם) אֵצֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Leviticus 1:16; Leviticus 6:3; Deuteronomy 16:21; 1 Kings 2:29; Amos 2:8 +; of a locality (compare II. אֵת 2²) Deuteronomy 11:30 beside the terebinths of Moreh, 1 Kings 1:9; 1 Kings 4:12; Jeremiah 41:17. After a verb of motion (late) Daniel 8:7, Daniel 8:17; compare 2 Chronicles 28:15.
2. with מִן, מֵאֵצֶל from proximity to, from beside (compare מֵאֵת, מֵעִם): 1 Samuel 20:41 (read with אֲחֵרִים מֵאֵצֶל הָאַרְגָּב from beside the mound); Ezekiel 40:7 contiguous to, beside (מִן 3c); with suffix 1 Samuel 17:30 וַיָּסַב מֵאֵצְלוֹ and he turned about from beside him, 1 Kings 3:20; 1 Kings 20:36; Ezekiel 10:16.

¹ P. de Lagarde, Bildung d. Nomina §68.

² Reference to II. אֵת 2 in the lexicon, meaning "sign" or similar, for comparison of locality usage.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0681:

No stats available

החיות הַחַיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

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II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

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I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

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II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

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חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

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Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416c:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

לארבעת לְאַרְבַּעַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארבע

ʼarbaʻ

Definition

four

Root

masculine ארבעה; from H7251 (רבע);

Exhaustive

masculine ארבעה; from רבע; four; four.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H702

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 184

Four.

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed חֶבְרוֹן (Hebron).

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed Hebron.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Page 70

Name of one of the Enakite giants (Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 21:11).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H702

I. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 316) noun masculine and noun feminine four (Late Hebrew equivalent to Biblical Hebrew; Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40; Phoenician אַרְבַּע, Punic אַרְבַּעַת, four; so Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti; Arabic أربع; Syriac ܐܪܒܥ; Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47; Ethiopic አራብዓ; Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ; Nabataean אַרְבַּע, Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367); — masculine 148 (circa noun feminine) אַרְבַּע (absolute or construct) Exodus 21:37 +; also אַרְבַּעִים Leviticus 11:20 +; note (Baer Ginsburg) Joshua 21:18 6 times Joshua 21 (van der Hooght אַרְבַּעִים); in Proverbs 30:18 read feminine with Qere; feminine (circa noun masculine) absolute אַרְבָּעָה Genesis 2:10 125 times + Proverbs 30:18 (see above); construct אַרְבַּעִית 1 Samuel 4:2 29 times, including Ezekiel 7:2 (but read masculine Kethibh); suffix אַרְבַּעְתָּם Ezekiel 1:8 5 times Ezekiel, אַרְבַּעְתָּן Ezekiel 1:10 (twice in verse) (but read probably תָּם -, Kraetzschmar), Ezekiel 1:16; Ezekiel 1:18; dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6, see 1d; plural אַרְבַּעִים = 40, see below; — four (in Hexateuch 108 times, chiefly Priests' Code, 98 times; Ezekiel 52 times, Chronicles 47 times): — 1 without other number: a. אַרְבַּע (1) before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times, including אַמּוֹת אַרְבַּע four cubits Deuteronomy 3:11 5 times (but also בָּאַמָּה אַרְבַּע four (in) cubit(s) Exodus 26:2, Exodus 26:8; Exodus 36:9; 1 Kings 7:27 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 7:38), and מֵאוֹת אַרְבַּע = 400 Genesis 11:13 55 times. (2) אַרְבַּע before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23, רַגְלָיו Exodus 25:26. (3) before collective, צֹאן אַרְבַּע Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source); רִבּוֹא אַרְבַּע = 40,000 Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:66. (4) rare and late, after feminine plural noun עָרִים אַרְבַּע Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code); after feminine singular noun construct לְשָׁנַת אַרְבַּע 1 Kings 22:41; Zechariah 7:1; 2 Chronicles 3:2. — אַרְבַּעִית, see this, and II. אַרְבַּע below (5) noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15 Proverbs 30:15, Proverbs 30:18 (Kethibh, see above), Proverbs 30:21; Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:22; עַל־אַרְבַּעִים (that is רַגְלַיִם = on all fours Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:42. b. אַרְבָּעָה (1) before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 14:9; Exodus 25:34 21 times, + חֲדָשִׁים אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים (וְ)אַרְבָּעָה Judges 19:2; 1 Samuel 27:7; also פָּנִים אַרְבָּעָה אַרְבָּעָה distributive Ezekiel 10:21. (2) late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10. (3) noun omitted, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9 15 times, + (as predicate of masculine plural noun) Exodus 27:16 (twice in verse); Exodus 38:19 (twice in verse); also אַרְבָּעָה בָּאַמָּה, (that is יֹום) Zechariah 7:1 = ordinal, on the fourth (day). c. אַרְבַּעִית (1) before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40; 1 Kings 7:32 11 times (not Ezekiel 7:2, see above), + אֲלָפִים אַרְבַּעִית = 4000, 1 Samuel 4:2 14 times. (2) before collective הַבִּקָּר Numbers 7:7. (3) noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22. (4) with suffix, after plural noun, = the four of them, Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:10 (3 times in verse) + 6 times Ezekiel; Daniel 1:17 these boys, the four of them. d. dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6 = four-fold (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §97h König ii. 1, §106, 227), but read שִׁבְעַתַּיִם Th We Klo Dr Kmp Bu HPS. 2 with other number: a. 10 + אַרְבַּע = 14, (a) before feminine singular noun, שָׁנָה אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה = 14, 1 Kings 15:33; 1 Chronicles 23:4 13 times 1 Chronicles 27; + plural noun Numbers 7:88; noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:20 predicate 1 Chronicles 20:6; Nehemiah 7:23; 420 Numbers 25:9; = 24th, אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים יֹום Haggai 1:15; Haggai 1:18; Zechariah 1:7; Nehemiah 9:1; Daniel 10:4, יֹום omitted Haggai 2:10, Haggai 2:20, and (אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים) 1 Chronicles 24:18; 1 Chronicles 25:31. c. other tens + 4, 1 Chronicles 7:7; 1 Chronicles 5:18 (+ singular noun), Ezra 2:15 7 times; 4 + tens + שָׁנָה Genesis 11:16, + אֶלֶף 1000 Numbers 1:27, Numbers 1:29; Numbers 2:4, Numbers 2:6; Numbers 26:25, Numbers 26:43. — See König ii. 1, §106. רַבַּע (see Biblical Hebrew אַרְבַּע, רִבִּעִים, √ רבע).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Phoenician אַרְבַּע
• Punic אַרְבַּעַת
• Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti
• Arabic أربع
• Syriac ܐܪܒܥ
• Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47
• Ethiopic አራብዓ
• Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ
• Nabataean אַרְבַּע
• Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Four as a cardinal number

• Without other number: before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times
• Before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23
• Before collective צֹאן Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source)
• Rare and late, after feminine plural noun Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code)
• Noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15; Proverbs 30:15

b. Four as feminine form

• Before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source)
• Late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10
• Noun omitted Amos 1:3

c. Four as construct form

• Before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40
• Before collective Numbers 7:7
• Noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22
• With suffix, the four of them Ezekiel 1:8

d. Dual form for four-fold

• 2 Samuel 12:6 (but see textual note)

e. With other numbers

• 10 + 4 = 14 1 Kings 15:33
• 20 + 4 = 24 Haggai 1:15
• Other combinations 1 Chronicles 7:7

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Adjective cardinal number feminine singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0702:

No stats available

פניו פָּנָיו׃

faces of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And I shall see the living creatures, and behold, one wheel upon the earth by the living creatures, to his four faces.

LITV Translation:
And I looked at the living creatures, and, behold, one wheel was on the earth beside the living creatures, with the four of its faces.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And I looked, and, behold, the four had each one wheel on the ground near the living creatures.