Ezekiel 1:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והחיות וְהַחַיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

---

II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

---

I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

---

II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

---

חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

---

Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416c:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

רצוא רָצוֹא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רצא

râtsâʼ

Definition

to run; also to delight in

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to run; also to delight in; accept, run.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7519

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָצָא

verb intransitive • Root רוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1354

(inf. abs. רָצֹא) intr. V. to run away Ez. 1, 14, a farther development of רוּץ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָצָא

verb • Page 628

i. q. רוּץ to run. Once Ezek. 1:14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7519

I. [רָצָא] (si vera lectio, form of רוּץ) verb — run.

— Infinitive absolute רָצוֺא Ezekiel 1:14, but read יָצוֺא (יֵָֽצְאוּ) Hi-Sm Co Toy, compare Krae Berthol and others; ᵐ5 omit verse and most moderns think interpolation — See also רצה.

Verb Qal infinitive absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7519:

No stats available

ושוב וָשׁוֹב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Conjunction, Verb Qal infinitive absolute

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

כמראה כְּמַרְאֵה

like the sight

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מראה

marʼeh

Definition

a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks), or (mental) a vision

Root

from H7200 (ראה);

Exhaustive

from ראה; a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks), or (mental) a vision; [idiom] apparently, appearance(-reth), [idiom] as soon as beautiful(-ly), countenance, fair, favoured, form, goodly, to look (up) on (to), look(-eth), pattern, to see, seem, sight, visage, vision.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4758

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַרְאֶה

noun masculine • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 903

1. the seeing, the sight (of a thing). 2. the appearance, the outward form; a handsome form, comeliness; the aspect. 3. same as מַרְאָה, a sight, a vision.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַרְאֶה

m. verbal • Root ראה • Page 403

1. a looking, seeing (Lev. 13: 12). 2. sight, vision (Ex. 3: 3). 3. appearance, form (Ex. 24: 17; Gen. 12: 11).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4758

I. מַרְאֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 102) noun masculine^{Exodus 3:3} — sight, appearance, vision.

— מַרְאֶה absolute Genesis 12:11 +; construct מַרְאֵה Deuteronomy 28:34 +; suffix מַרְאֵהוּ Joel 2:4 +, מַרְאֶהָ Leviticus 13:4 +; apparently plural construct מַרְאֵי Ecclesiastes 11:9 (Kö¹), suffix (probably in fact singular Ges²) מַרְאַיִךְ Songs 2:14 (twice in verse), מַרְאֵיהֶן Nahum 2:5 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. sight, phenomenon, spectacle

• Exodus 3:3 (Jehovist Source)

b. appearance

• נֶחְמָד לְמַרְאֶה Genesis 2:9 (Jehovist Source) desirable in appearance
• גָּדוֺל לְמַרְאֶה Joshua 22:10
• appearance of man (or woman), Judges 13:6 (twice in verse) (angel)
• Isaiah 52:14 (servant of י׳)
• Songs 5:15; Daniel 8:15; Daniel 10:18
• = outward person (opposed to inner man) 1 Samuel 16:7
• visible form Songs 2:14 (twice in verse); Daniel 1:13 (twice in verse); Daniel 1:15
• בְּמַרְאֶה Numbers 12:8 (Elohist Source; so read Samaritan Pentateuch, LXX, Syriac, Targum, Di³, for MT מַרְאֶה), i.e. in personal presence (< Ew⁴ Paton לֹא בְמַרְאֶה)
• כְּמַרְאֵה סוּסִים מַרְאֵהוּ Joel 2:4
• of crocodile Job 41:2
• כְּבוֺד י׳ מַרְאֶה Exodus 24:17 (Priests' Code)
• הַנֶּגַע מַרְאֶה Leviticus 13:3
• מַרְאֶה אֵשׁ Numbers 9:15–16
• בָּרָק מַרְאֶה Daniel 10:6 +
• especially Ezekiel appearance person or of thing (27 times, sometimes redundant), Daniel 1:5; Daniel 1:13; Daniel 1:26; Daniel 8:2; Daniel 10:1 +, מִמָּתְנָיו מַרְאֶה Daniel 1:27 (twice in verse); Daniel 8:2 ("" מִמָּתְנָיו)
• of beauty וִיפֵה מַרְאֶה fair of appearance Genesis 39:6 (Jehovist Source; + יְפֵה־תֹאַר), compare 1 Samuel 17:42 (read עֶלֶם for עִם)
• feminine (אִשָּׁה) יְפַת־מַרְאֶה Genesis 12:11 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 29:17 (Elohist Source; + יְפַת תֹּאַר), 2 Samuel 14:27
• of kine יְפוֺת (הַ)מַרְאֶה Genesis 41:2, 4 (Elohist Source), opposed to רָעוֺת (הַ)מַרְאֶה Genesis 41:3; 4, מַרְאֵיהֶן רַע Genesis 41:21 (all Elohist Source)
• of women also טֹבַת מַרְאֶה Genesis 24:16; Genesis 26:7 (both Jehovist Source), 2 Samuel 11:2; Esther 1:11; Esther 2:3, 7, טוֺבוֺת מַרְאֶה Esther 2:2
• of boys טוֺבֵי מַרְאֶה Daniel 1:4, compare מַרְאֶה alone in וְנֶחְמְדֵהוּ לֹא־מַרְאֶה (of suffering servant of י׳) Isaiah 53:2; אִישׁ מַרְאֶה 2 Samuel 23:21 (but read as parallel 1 Chronicles 11:23 אִישׁ מִדָּה We⁵ Dr⁶ and others)

c. appearance, sight, vision

• Numbers 8:4 (Priests' Code)

2. What is seen (in general)

• מַרְאֵה עֵינָיו Isaiah 11:3 i.e. what his outward eyes see (compare 1 Samuel 16:7 Section 1b)
• לִמַרְאֵה עֵינֶיהָ Ezekiel 23:16
• מַרְאֵה עְינֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה Deuteronomy 28:34, 67
• לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Leviticus 13:12 (Priests' Code)

3. Supernatural vision

(In Ezekiel, Daniel; often accusative of cognate meaning with verb with ראה):

• Ezekiel 8:4; Ezekiel 11:24; Ezekiel 43:3 (3 times in verse), read also מַרְאֵה הָרֶכֶב Ezekiel 43:3 (for מַרְאוֺת see I. מַרְאָה)
• בַּמַּרְאֶה Ezekiel 11:24; Daniel 8:16, 27; Daniel 9:23; Daniel 10:1
• מַרְאֵה הָעֶרֶב וְהַבֹּקֶר Daniel 8:26

4. Sight, vision = power of seeing (and enjoying)

Late usage:

• מַרְאֵה עֵינַיִם Ecclesiastes 6:9
• הַלֵךְ בְּדַרְּכֵי לִבְּךָ וּבְמַרְאֵי עֵינֶיךָ Ecclesiastes 11:9

¹ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritiches Lehrgebäude der Hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ August Dillmann, commentaries on the Octateuch.

⁴ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen.

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὄψισ ὅρασισ ὡσ εἶδοσ ὅρασιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H4758:

ὄψισ 18× (14.0%)

ὅρασισ 16× (13.4%)

ὡσ 13× (12.8%)

εἶδοσ 9× (6.9%)

ὅρασιν 8× (6.3%)

εἴδει 8× (6.7%)

--- 7× (6.9%)

ὄψει 4× (3.3%)

ὅραμα 3× (2.7%)

ὁράσει 3× (2.4%)

הבזק הַבָּזָק׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בזק

bâzâq

Definition

a flash of lightning

Root

from an unused root meaning to lighten;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H965

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲדֹנִי־בֶזֶק

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 68

Adon of Besek; name of a Phenician king of Besek (Judges 1, 5-7).

בֶּזֶק

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 232

(breach, fissure) name of a city in the north of Issachar, not far from the Jordan

בָּזָק

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 232

lightning, the zigzag of the lightning's flash

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בֶּזֶק

proper name • Page 92

Proper name of a city lying south of Bethshan or Scythopolis.

בָּזָק

noun masculine • Root בזק • Page 92

According to the versions, lightning. Root בָּזַק, in Syr. and Arab. to scatter, to break in pieces; in Arab. also to beam, to emit rays.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H965

I. בָּזָק [noun masculine] — lightning flash¹.

— Ezekiel 1:14 (Paul Haupt, C. H. Cornill suggest striking out; verse omitted in old manuscripts of Septuagint; sense uncertain, possibly error for בָּרָק).

¹ The brackets indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0965:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the living creatures ran and turned back as the appearance of lightning.

LITV Translation:
And the living creatures kept running and returning, like the appearance of a flash of lightning.