Ezekiel 1:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ופניהם וּפְנֵיהֶ֕ם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

וכנפיהם וְכַנְפֵיהֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כנף

kânâph

Definition

an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinnacle

Root

from H3670 (כנף);

Exhaustive

from כנף; an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinnacle; [phrase] bird, border, corner, end, feather(-ed), [idiom] flying, [phrase] (one an-) other, overspreading, [idiom] quarters, skirt, [idiom] sort, uttermost part, wing(-ed).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3671

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּנָף

noun / feminine • Root כנף • Strongs / High • Page 714

1. A wing, from its function of covering the body. Used for a single wing, a pair (dual), or winged creatures collectively. Figuratively used for swiftness (e.g., 'wings of the wind'). 2. An edge, border, final point, or extreme end. 3. A district or quarter. 4. Protection. 5. A side or corner of a garment.

כָּנָף

noun • Strongs / High • Page 715

1. of wings, i. e. winged ships. 2. the skirt, of an upper garment. 3. the upper garment, with which one is covered at night, or the covering itself. 4. edge, extreme border, of the earth, prop. corner. 5. side. 6. the upper, extreme end of a building, a point, head, pinnacle.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּנָף

noun feminine • Page 322

1. A wing (Prov. 1:16, Ps. 18:11). 2. The corner or skirt of a garment (1 Sam. 24:5, Num. 15:38). 3. The wing of an army (Is. 8:8). 4. End, corner, boundary of the earth (Is. 24:16, Job 37:3). 5. A battlement or pinnacle of the temple (Dan. 9:27).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3671

I. כָּנָף (approximate number of occurrences: 109) noun feminine 1 Kings 6:27 (masculine Ezekiel 7:2 Kethiv, but compare Qere and Co; also apparently 2 Chronicles 3:11, 13, but see Be) — wing, extremity.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic כַּנְפָֿא
• Zinjirli אחז בכנף מראה (figurative for attached himself to the party of his lord)
• Arabic جناح
• Assyrian kappu
• Ethiopic ክንፍ

— כָּנָף absolute Genesis 1:21 +; construct כְּנַף 1 Kings 6:24 +; suffix כְּנָפִי Ezekiel 16:8, כְּנָפֶ֑ךָ Ruth 3:9, כְּנָפוֺ Haggai 2:12; dual כְּנָפַיִם 1 Kings 8:7 + (even of more than two, Isaiah 6:2 twice; Ezekiel 1:6, 21); construct כַּנְפֵי Exodus 19:4; suffix כְּנָפֶיךָ Ezekiel 5:3, כְּנָפַיִךְ Jeremiah 2:34, כְּנָפָיו Isaiah 8:8 +; כְּנָפֶיהָ Hosea 4:19, Malachi 3:20; כַּנְפֵיהֶם 1 Kings 6:27 +; כַנְפֵיהֶן Ezekiel 1:24, 25; plural construct כַּנְפוֺת Deuteronomy 22:12 (4 times).

1. Wing

a. of birds

• Isaiah 10:14 (figurative)
• Exodus 19:4 (Elohist? Redactor? figurative)
• Deuteronomy 32:11 (simile)
• Zechariah 5:9
• Leviticus 1:17 (Priests' Code)
• Job 39:13, 26
• Psalm 68:14
• In figure of invading king: Jeremiah 48:40; Jeremiah 49:22; Ezekiel 17:3, 7
• Of riches flying away: Proverbs 23:5
• In phrase צִמּוֺר כָּנָף = winged birds: Deuteronomy 4:17; Psalm 148:10
• בַּעַל כָּנָף = winged thing: Proverbs 1:17, Ecclesiastes 10:20

b. of insects (probably)

• אֶרֶץ צִלְצַל כְּנָפָ֑יִם Isaiah 18:1 buzzing, or humming of wings, i.e. Ethiopia, so called from its swarms of flies.

c. of cherubim

• 1 Kings 6:24 (4 times in verse) + 8 times in Kings
• 2 Chronicles 3:11 (4 times in verse) + 6 times in Chronicles
• Ezekiel 1:6 + 17 times in Ezekiel
• Exodus 25:20 (twice); Exodus 37:9 (twice) (Priests' Code)

d. of seraphim

• Isaiah 6:2 (twice in verse)

e. of women in vision

• Zechariah 5:9 (twice in verse)

f. figurative of the wind

• Hosea 4:19
• Psalm 18:11 = 2 Samuel 22:11
• Psalm 104:3

g. figurative of the dawn or sun

• Psalm 139:9 (winged sun-disc?)
• Malachi 3:20 (sun of righteousness)

h. figurative of God as protector

• Psalm 17:8, Psalm 36:8, Psalm 57:2, Psalm 61:5, Psalm 63:8, Psalm 91:4
• Ruth 2:12

2. Extremity

a. of garment = skirt, corner

• 1 Samuel 15:27
• 1 Samuel 24:5, 6, 12 (twice)
• Deuteronomy 22:12
• Deuteronomy 23:1
• Deuteronomy 27:20
• Jeremiah 2:34 (figurative)
• Ezekiel 5:3
• Ezekiel 16:8 (figurative)
• Haggai 2:12 (twice)
• Zechariah 8:23
• Numbers 15:38 (twice) (Priests' Code)

b. of the earth

• מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 24:16 from the end of the earth
• כַּנְפוֺת הָאָרֶץ Job 37:3, 38:13
• אַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֺת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 11:12 the four corners of the earth
• Of the holy land: Ezekiel 7:2

— עַל־כְּנַף שִׁקּוּצִים מְשׁוֺמֵם Daniel 9:27 is obscure; see Meinh, Kue, and Bev.

¹ Bertheau (Be); Duhm (Du); Cheyne (Che); Hitzig (Hi); Delitzsch (De); Knobel (Kn); Dillmann (Di).

² D. H. Müller, Sendschriften (DHM).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the Semites (RS).

⁴ Meinhold (Meinh); Kuenen (Kue); Bevan (Bev).

Conjunction, Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πτερύγων πτέρυγασ πτέρυγεσ πτερύγιον πτέρυξιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3671:

πτερύγων 21× (18.7%)

πτέρυγασ 16× (13.9%)

πτέρυγεσ 14× (12.2%)

πτερύγιον 6× (5.4%)

πτέρυξιν 6× (4.6%)

πτέρυξ 6× (4.6%)

πτέρυγοσ 5× (4.7%)

πτερυγίου 3× (2.8%)

--- 3× (3.0%)

'' 3× (2.5%)

פרדות פְּרֻדוֹת

the Separated Ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרד

pârad

Definition

to break through, i.e. spread or separate (oneself)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to break through, i.e. spread or separate (oneself); disperse, divide, be out of joint, part, scatter (abroad), separate (self), sever self, stretch, sunder.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6504

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּרַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1155

(not used) intr. to stretch out, to extend, of flat surfaces; to be thick, capacious.

פָּרַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1189

1. tr. same as פָּרַט to separate, to divide, to sunder; metaphor. to insulate, of grains. 2. intr. To separate oneself, to walk, run, draw by oneself, to move onwards separately.

פָּרַד

verb • Root פרד • Strongs / High • Page 1190

to be scattered, i. e. separated from one another, conseq.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פֶּרֶד

noun masculine • Page 552

A mule. 2 Sam. 18: 9, 1 K. 1: 33.

פָּרַד

verb • Page 552

To separate, divide, or disperse. Includes Niph. (to separate one's self), Pi., Pu., Hiph., and Hithpa. Ezek. 1: 11, 2 Sam. 1: 23, Gen. 10: 5, 13: 9, Neh. 4: 13, Job 4: 11, Ps. 22: 15.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6504

I. [פָּרַד] (approximate number of occurrences: 26) verb — divide.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., divide, separate
• Syriac (in derived species and derivatives)
• Arabic فرد be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll

— Qal Passive participle feminine plural פְּרֻדוֹת Ezekiel 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings.

— Niph`al Perfect 3 plural נִפְרְדוּ Genesis 10:5, 32, נִפְרָ֑דוּ 2 Samuel 1:23; Imperfect יִפָּרֵד Genesis 2:10, Proverbs 19:4, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִמָּ֫רֶד נָא Genesis 13:9; Infinitive construct הִמָּֽרֶדֿ לוֹט Genesis 13:14; Participle נִפְרָד Judges 4:11, Proverbs 18:1, plural נִפְרָדִים Nehemiah 4:13 —

1. Niph`al: divide, separate (intransitive)

• Genesis 2:10 (of river, dividing into branches)
• Of one man separating from another, with מֵעַל Genesis 13:9, 11, מֵעִם Genesis 13:14 (all Yahwist Source), from others, מִן Judges 4:11
• Reciprocal Genesis 25:23 (Yahwist Source; of sons of Rebekah representing nations, with מִמֵּעַיִךְ in construction praegn.¹, i.e. divided (hostile) from birth)
• Absolute Proverbs 18:1
• Of peoples separating from (מִן) parent stock Genesis 10:5, 32 (Priestly Code)

2. Niph`al: be divided, separated

• 2 Samuel 1:23; Nehemiah 4:13
• Of loss of friendship Proverbs 19:4

— Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְפָרֵ֑דוּ Hosea 4:14 make a separation, i.e. go apart (in company with [עִם] harlots²).

— Pu`al Participle divided, עַם מְפֻזָּר וּמְפֹרָד בֵּין הָעַמִּים Esther 3:8.

— Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִפְרִיד Genesis 30:40; Imperfect יַפְרִיד Ruth 1:17, Proverbs 18:18, 3 masculine plural וַיַּפְרִדוּ 2 Kings 2:11; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַפְרִידוֹ Deuteronomy 32:8; Participle מַפְרִיד Proverbs 16:28, Proverbs 17:9 —

1. Hiph`il: divide, separate

• Genesis 30:40 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 32:8
• Of separating friends Proverbs 16:28; Proverbs 17:9

2. Hiph`il: make a division, separation

• Between (בֵּין), 2 Kings 2:11; Ruth 1:17
• Of parting disputants (with בֵּין) Proverbs 18:18

— Hithpa`el Perfect 3 plural וְהִתְפָּֽרְדוּ Psalm 22:15; Imperfect יִתְפָּֽרְדוּ Psalm 92:10, יִתְפָּרָ֑דוּ Job 4:11, Job 41:9 — be divided, separated, from each other:

• Of scales of crocodile (with negative) Job 41:9
• Of bones, i.e. be loosened at the joint, Psalm 22:15 (figurative of helplessness)
• Be dispersed Job 4:11; Psalm 92:10

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 119ff.

² W. Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites, 2nd ed., p. 455 (RS).

Verb Qal participle passive feminine plural absolute

LXX: διεχωρίσθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6504:

διεχωρίσθησαν 2× (6.5%)

מלמעלה מִלְמָעְלָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מעל

maʻal

Definition

properly, the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.

Root

from H5927 (עלה);

Exhaustive

from עלה; properly, the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.; above, exceeding(-ly), forward, on ([idiom] very) high, over, up(-on, -ward), very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4605

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַעַל

noun masculine • Root עלל • Strongs / High • Page 885

(Aramaic) The going down, setting, of the sun.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַעַל

i. m. verbal noun • Root מעל • Page 393

A sin, transgression. Always used in phraseology related to the verb.

מַעַל

chald. plur. מַעֲלֵי • Root עלל • Page 393

Setting of the sun. Found in Dan. 6:15.

מַעַל

noun masculine • Root עלה • Page 393

A lifting up. Found in Neh. 8:6. A contraction of מַעֲלָה.

מַעַל

ii. m. contraction • Root עלה • Page 393

What is above; hence as an adv. above. Found in compositions like Is. 45:8, Deut. 5:8, Gen. 22:9. Also used to mean upwards, higher and higher (Deut. 28:43), or forward/afterwards (1 Sam. 16:13).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4605

I. מַ֫עַל (approximate number of occurrences: 140) substantive — higher part, only in adverbial and prepositional phrases, above, upwards.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מעל
• (Abbreviated from מַעֲלֶה; compare מַ֫עַן in לְמַ֫עַן from עָנָה¹)

1. מִמַּ֫עַל = above

a. As adverb

• Amos 2:9 וָאַשְׁמִיד מִּרְיוֺ מִמֵּעַל his fruit above (opposed to שָׁרָשָׁיו מִתָּ֑חַת)
• Job 18:16
• 1 Kings 7:3, 20, 29
• In the phrase הַשָּׁמַמַיִם מִמַּעַל: Deuteronomy 4:39; Deuteronomy 5:8 (= Exodus 20:4); Joshua 2:11; 1 Kings 8:23; Isaiah 45:8; Jeremiah 4:28
• Compare שְׁחָקִים מִמַּעַל Psalm 78:23; Proverbs 8:28; אֱלוֺהַּ מִמַּעַל Job 3:4; Job 31:2; אֵל מִמַּעַל Job 31:28

b. מִמַּעַל לְ, as preposition

• Genesis 22:9 מִמַּעַל לָעֵצִים above the wood
• Exodus 28:27 (= Exodus 39:20)
• Leviticus 11:21 כְּרָעַיִם מִמַּעַל לְרַגְלָיו
• Isaiah 6:2 שְׁרָפִים עֹמדים מִמַּעַל לוֺ
• Isaiah 14:13; Jeremiah 43:10; Ezekiel 1:26; Daniel 12:6, 7
• = on higher ground than, Jeremiah 35:4
• figurative Jeremiah 52:32 (parallel 2 Kings 25:28 מֵעַל)

2. With ה locative מַ֫עְלָה, מָ֑עְלָה upwards

a. Figurative

• Deuteronomy 28:43 יַעֲלֶה עֶלֶיךָ מַ֫עְלָה מָ֫עְלָה upwards, upwards, i.e. higher and higher (opposed to מַ֫טָּה מָֽטָה)

b. וָמַ֫עְלָה and upwards

• (α) of direction in space: Judges 1:36 מֵהַסֶּלַע וָמַ֫עְלָה from the rock and upwards; 1 Kings 7:31; 1 Samuel 9:2 (= 1 Samuel 10:23) מִשִּׁכְמוֺ וָמַ֫עְלָה from his shoulder and upwards; so וּלְמַעְלָה Ezekiel 1:27 מִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו וּלְמָ֑עְלָה, Ezekiel 8:2; Ezekiel 43:5
• (β) of direction in time or age: מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָ֑עְלָה Exodus 30:14; Numbers 1:3 (and 19 times in Priests' Code); מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ וָמַעְלָה Numbers 3:15, 22 (and 6 times in Priests' Code); Numbers 4:3; Numbers 8:24; 1 Chronicles 23:3, 24; Ezra 3:8; with וּלְמַעְלָה 1 Chronicles 23:17; 2 Chronicles 31:16, 17; 2 Chronicles 25:5; 2 Kings 3:21
• (γ) of direction onwards: מֵהַיּוֺם הַהוּא וָמַעְלָה from that day and onwards, 1 Samuel 16:13; 1 Samuel 30:25; מִן הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה וָמַעְלָה Haggai 2:15, 18 (see Nowack, Marti, Driver²)

c. לְמַ֫עְלָה upwards

• (α) Exodus 25:20 (= Exodus 37:9) פֹּרְשֵׂי כְנָפַיִם לְמַעְלָה; Judges 7:13 וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ לְמַעְלָה overthrew it upwards (turned it upside down); Isaiah 7:11 or make it high upwards; Isaiah 37:31 (2 Kings 19:30) וְעָשָׂה פְרִי לְמַעְלָה; figurative Deuteronomy 28:13 וְהָיִיתָ רַק לְמַעְלָה; Proverbs 15:24 (opposed to שְׁאוֺל מָטָּה); Ezra 9:6 לְמַעְלָה רֹּאשׁ over the head; 2 Chronicles 34:4
• (β) metaphor = exceedingly (in Chronicles): 1 Chronicles 14:2; 1 Chronicles 22:5 לְהַגְדִּיל לְמַעְלָה to show greatness exceedingly; 1 Chronicles 23:17 רָבוּ לְמַעְלָה; 1 Chronicles 29:3 (= over and above); 2 Chronicles 1:1; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה 2 Chronicles 16:12; 17:12; 26:8

d. מִלְמַ֫עְלָה above, from above

• Genesis 6:16 אֶל־אַמָּה תְּכַלֶּנָּה מִלְמַעְלָה
• Genesis 7:20 15 cubits above (mountain-tops)
• Exodus 25:21 (Exodus 40:20) וְנָתַתָּ֫ה אֶת־הַכַּמֹּרֶת עַל הָאָרֹן מִלְמַעְלָה upon the ark above
• Exodus 26:14; Numbers 4:25; 1 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 31:37
• Ezekiel 1:11 פְּרֻדוֺת מִלְמַעְלָה separate above; Ezekiel 1:22; Ezekiel 37:8
• = from above, Joshua 3:13, 16 הַמַּיִם הַיֹּרְדִים מִלְמַעְלָה

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897) (Kö).

² S. R. Driver, W. Nowack, K. Marti (Commentaries on the Minor Prophets).

Prep-M, Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: ἐπάνω ἄνω ἄνωθεν ἐπάνωθεν ὕψοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4605:

ἐπάνω 61× (42.3%)

ἄνω 15× (11.6%)

ἄνωθεν 14× (11.1%)

ἐπάνωθεν 11× (8.4%)

ὕψοσ 7× (4.7%)

ὑπεράνω 6× (4.5%)

'' 5× (3.4%)

ἀνωτέραν 3× (1.7%)

--- 2× (1.6%)

ἀνωτέρασ 2× (1.3%)

לאיש לְאִ֗ישׁ

to a man

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H376

אִישׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 2166) noun masculine — man (= vir).

Cognates:

• Moabite Inscription (MI), Siloam Inscription (SI), Phoenician אש
• Perhaps also Sabean אסם (compare Prätorius, l.c., but D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330¹)

— אִישׁ absolute Genesis 2:23 +; construct Genesis 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Genesis 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Psalm 141:4 (2 times) (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Genesis 12:20 +, from √ אֱנֹשׁ q.v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judges 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשֵׁי 1 Samuel 23:12 etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Man opposed to woman

• Genesis 2:23, 24
• Leviticus 20:27
• Numbers 5:6
• Deuteronomy 17:2 f
• Joshua 6:21
• Joshua 8:25
• Jeremiah 40:7

b. Emphasis on sexual distinction and relation

• Genesis 19:8
• Genesis 24:16
• Genesis 38:25
• Exodus 22:15
• Leviticus 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַע)
• Leviticus 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה אֵת זֶרַע אִישׁ)
• Leviticus 20:10 f
• Numbers 5:13 f
• Deuteronomy 22:22 f
• Isaiah 4:1 +

c. Husband

• Especially with suffix: Genesis 3:6, 16
• Genesis 16:3
• Genesis 29:32, 34
• Leviticus 21:7
• Numbers 30:7 f
• Deuteronomy 28:56
• Judges 13:8 f
• Ruth 1:3 f
• 1 Samuel 25:19
• Jeremiah 29:6
• Ezekiel 16:45 +

d. Figurative of Yahweh as husband of Israel

• אִישִׁי Hosea 2:18 (opposed to בַּעֲלִי)

e. Man as procreator, father

• Ecclesiastes 6:3
• Of male child: Genesis 4:1 (compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1 Samuel 1:11)

f. Man opposed to beast

• Exodus 11:7
• Leviticus 20:15 (compare אָדָם)
• Figurative: Psalm 22:7
• Of male of animals: Genesis 7:2 (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ)

g. Man opposed to God

• Genesis 32:29
• Numbers 23:19 (לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב)
• Job 9:32
• Job 32:13
• Hosea 11:9 (compare Isaiah 31:8)
• Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר אִישׁ)

h. Phrases denoting ordinary, customary, common

• שֶׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2 Samuel 7:14
• לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17, 22²
• אֲמַת־אִישׁ Deuteronomy 3:11
• Contracted אָדָם Psalm 49:3; Psalm 62:10

i. Man as valiant

• 1 Samuel 4:9 (וִהְיֻו לַאֲנָשִׁים)
• 1 Kings 2:2 (compare 1 Samuel 26:15)
• אִישׁ חַיִל 1 Samuel 31:12; 2 Samuel 24:9; 1 Kings 1:42 +
• אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Numbers 31:49; Deuteronomy 2:14, 16; Joshua 5:4, 6 +
• Even of Yahweh: Exodus 15:3 (יְהוָה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה)

j. Prefixed to other nouns in apposition

• אָדוֹן אִישׁ Genesis 42:30, 33
• שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט אִישׁ Exodus 2:14
• כֹּהֵן אִישׁ Leviticus 21:9
• סָרִיס אִישׁ Jeremiah 38:7

k. Before adjective, of a people

• אִישׁ מִצְרִי Genesis 39:1
• Exodus 2:11, 19 (compare Genesis 37:28)
• Genesis 38:1, 2
• Genesis 39:14
• 1 Samuel 17:12
• 1 Samuel 30:11, 13 +

l. A man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people

• Numbers 25:6
• Judges 10:1 + (so Phoenician)
• Usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Samuel 7:11; 1 Samuel 31:7 (twice in verse) (compare Joshua 7:4, 5 +)
• Also singular collective: Deuteronomy 27:14
• Joshua 9:6, 7
• Judges 20:11
• 1 Samuel 11:8 (see Driver) +
• 2 Samuel 10:6, 8 (טוֹב אִישׁ)
• (So Moabite Inscription 10; Moabite Inscription 13)

m. Men = retainers, followers, soldiers

• 1 Samuel 18:27
• 1 Samuel 23:3
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 25:13
• Deuteronomy 33:8 (singular collective, see Dillmann)

n. Man of God = prophet

• אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים Deuteronomy 33:1
• Joshua 14:6
• 1 Samuel 9:6 f
• 1 Kings 12:13 f + (see אֱלֹהִים)

o. In phrase followed by abstract

• אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה אִישׁ (see above)
• שְׂעִיבָה אִישׁ Deuteronomy 32:25
• הַדָּמִים אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• הַבְּלִיעַל אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• מָוֶת אִישׁ 1 Kings 2:26
• חָמָס אִישׁ Psalm 140:12
• Proverbs 3:31 +

p. Followed by word of occupation, etc.

• שָׂדֶה אִישׁ Genesis 25:27
• הָאֲדָמָה אִישׁ Genesis 9:20 (compare Zechariah 13:5)
• אִישׁ הַבָּנִים champion 1 Samuel 17:4 (compare Driver) 23
• בְּשָׂרָה אִישׁ 2 Samuel 18:20
• אִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ his counsellor Isaiah 40:13
• Compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 Kings 20:42
• רֵעִים אִישׁ Proverbs 18:24

q. Distributive = each, every

• Genesis 9:5
• Genesis 10:5
• Genesis 40:5 (twice in verse)
• Exodus 12:3 +
• Including women: Job 42:11
• 1 Chronicles 16:3 (וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְכָל־כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם)
• Of inanimate things: 1 Kings 7:30, 36
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exodus 36:4; Numbers 4:19, 49; Ezekiel 14:4, 7 +
• Any one: Exodus 34:3 (twice in verse); Exodus 34:24 +
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Leviticus 15:2; Leviticus 22:4, 18 +
• Of gods: 2 Kings 18:33 = Isaiah 36:18

r. One...another

• וְהִרְגוּ אִישׁ אֵת אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֵת רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֵת קְרֹבוֹ Exodus 32:27
• אִישׁ אָחִיו Deuteronomy 1:16
• Micah 7:2 (see אָח)
• אִישׁ רֵעֵהוּ Genesis 11:3, 7 + (see רֵעַ)
• Of inanimate things: Genesis 15:10

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330.

² אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17; Ezekiel 24:22 is textual error; Wellhausen (apparently Smend) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy Haupt אוֹנִים (Hosea 9:4).

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

שתים שׁתַּיִם

dual/twofold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Adjective cardinal number feminine dual absolute

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

חברות חֹבְרוֹת

female allies

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חבר

châbar

Definition

to join (literally or figuratively); specifically (by means of spells) to fascinate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to join (literally or figuratively); specifically (by means of spells) to fascinate; charm(-er), be compact, couple (together), have fellowship with, heap up, join (self, together), league.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2266

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָבַר

verb • Root חבר • Strongs / High • Page 454

I. To be strung together, be bound, be associated; to bind, unite; to conjure (bind by magic spells), practise magic. Stems include meanings like: to join together (Piel), to be joined (Pual), to make a union by words (Hifil), and to join oneself (Hithpael).

חָבַר

verb • Root חבר • Strongs / High • Page 454

II. (Kal not used) to cut into, to make an incision in, hence to wound; metaphorically to make stripes, to stripe.

חָבַר

verb • Root חבר • Strongs / High • Page 455

To be an associate, with accusative of person.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָבַר

verb • Page 212

1. to be joined or bound together (Ex. 26:3); also to be confederated, spoken of nations (Gen. 14:3, Hos. 4:17). 2. to exercise magic, namely by means of certain magical knots to bind some (distant) object (Deut. 18:11, Ps. 58:6).

חָבַר

pi. • Root חבר • Page 213

To bind, join. (Ex. 26:6; 2 Chr. 20:36).

חָבַר

hiph. • Root חבר • Page 213

To bind, join, perhaps in an artificial manner. (Job 16:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2266

I. חָבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 28) verb — unite (usually intransitive), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Ethiopic ḥabara
• Assyrian abâru, ubburu bind, ban (of spells), êbru friend¹
• Aramaic חַבֵּר
• Phoenician חבר associate

— חָֽבְרוּ Perfect 3 masculine plural Genesis 14:3; participle active masculine חֹבֵר Deuteronomy 18:11, חוֺבֵר Psalm 58:6; feminine plural חֹבְרֹת Exodus 26:3 (twice), Ezekiel 1:9, חוֺבְרוֺת Ezekiel 1:11; passive participle construct חֲבוּר Hosea 4:17.

1. unite, be joined

a. of allies

• Genesis 14:3 (followed by אֶלֹֿ)
• figurative חֲבוּר עֲצַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Hosea 4:17 Ephraim is joined to idols (but Wellhausen reads חבר; compare חֲבֵרָיו Isaiah 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Malachi 2:14)

b. of one thing reaching to, touching another

• Ezekiel 1:9 (of wings, followed by אֶלֿ)
• Ezekiel 1:11 אישׁ ׳ח joining each one
• Exodus 26:3 (twice in verse) (of curtains, Priests' Code)
• Exodus 28:7 (of shoulder-pieces, absolute)

2. tie magic knots, charm

Only with accusative of cognate meaning:

• חֹבֵר חָ֑בֶר Deuteronomy 18:11
• Psalm 58:6 (of charming serpents, parallel to מְלַחֲשִׁים)²

Pi`el

— חִבַּר Perfect Exodus 36:10; וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Exodus 26:6; וַיְחַבֵּר Imperfect Exodus 36:10; suffix וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ 2 Chronicles 20:36; infinitive לְחַבֵּר Exodus 36:18.

1. make an ally of, unite

• וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ עִמּוֺ 2 Chronicles 20:36 and he united him with himself

2. unite, join (transitive)

• Exodus 26:6; Exodus 36:10; Exodus 36:13 (followed by accusative + אֶלֿ)
• Exodus 26:9; Exodus 36:16 (followed by accusative)
• Exodus 26:11; Exodus 36:18 (object את הֿאהל join the tent together)

Pu`al

— חֻבָּ֑ר Perfect Exodus 39:4; שֶׁחֻבְּרָהֿ Psalm 122:3; יְחֻבַּר Imperfect Ecclesiastes 9:4 Qr; suffix הַיְחָבְרְךָ Psalm 94:20.³

1. a. be allied with

• Psalm 94:20 (suffix refers to Yahweh)

1. b. be united to

• Ecclesiastes 9:4 מי אשׁר יְחֻבַּר אל כל הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living

2. be joined together

• Exodus 39:4 (of the ephod); Exodus 28:7
• Psalm 122:3 עִיר שֶׁחֻבְּרָהֿ לָֿהּ city joined together for itself (of Jerusalem)

Hiph`il

— אַחְבִּ֫ירָה Imperfect 1 singular Job 16:4 אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים I could join words together against you.

Hithpa`el

— אֶתְחַבֵּר Perfect 2 Chronicles 20:35; יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Imperfect Daniel 11:6; הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ Infinitive 2 Chronicles 20:37; הִתְחַבְּרוּת (Aramaic form) Daniel 11:23.

join oneself to, make an alliance with:

• 2 Chronicles 20:35 (followed by עִם)
• Daniel 11:23 (followed by אֶלֿ)
• Daniel 11:6 (reciprocal, league together)

Aramaic

[חֲבַר] noun masculine fellow, comrade (Biblical Hebrew חָבֵר).

1. literally fellow, comrade
   • plural suffix חַבְרוֺ֫הִי Daniel 2:13

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs (Dl^W).

² W. Robertson Smith, Journal of Philology, xiv (1885), 123.

³ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

Verb Qal participle active feminine plural absolute

LXX: '' συνάψεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2266:

'' 6× (16.3%)

συνάψεισ 3× (8.1%)

איש אִישׁ

a man/each one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H376

אִישׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 2166) noun masculine — man (= vir).

Cognates:

• Moabite Inscription (MI), Siloam Inscription (SI), Phoenician אש
• Perhaps also Sabean אסם (compare Prätorius, l.c., but D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330¹)

— אִישׁ absolute Genesis 2:23 +; construct Genesis 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Genesis 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Psalm 141:4 (2 times) (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Genesis 12:20 +, from √ אֱנֹשׁ q.v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judges 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשֵׁי 1 Samuel 23:12 etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Man opposed to woman

• Genesis 2:23, 24
• Leviticus 20:27
• Numbers 5:6
• Deuteronomy 17:2 f
• Joshua 6:21
• Joshua 8:25
• Jeremiah 40:7

b. Emphasis on sexual distinction and relation

• Genesis 19:8
• Genesis 24:16
• Genesis 38:25
• Exodus 22:15
• Leviticus 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַע)
• Leviticus 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה אֵת זֶרַע אִישׁ)
• Leviticus 20:10 f
• Numbers 5:13 f
• Deuteronomy 22:22 f
• Isaiah 4:1 +

c. Husband

• Especially with suffix: Genesis 3:6, 16
• Genesis 16:3
• Genesis 29:32, 34
• Leviticus 21:7
• Numbers 30:7 f
• Deuteronomy 28:56
• Judges 13:8 f
• Ruth 1:3 f
• 1 Samuel 25:19
• Jeremiah 29:6
• Ezekiel 16:45 +

d. Figurative of Yahweh as husband of Israel

• אִישִׁי Hosea 2:18 (opposed to בַּעֲלִי)

e. Man as procreator, father

• Ecclesiastes 6:3
• Of male child: Genesis 4:1 (compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1 Samuel 1:11)

f. Man opposed to beast

• Exodus 11:7
• Leviticus 20:15 (compare אָדָם)
• Figurative: Psalm 22:7
• Of male of animals: Genesis 7:2 (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ)

g. Man opposed to God

• Genesis 32:29
• Numbers 23:19 (לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב)
• Job 9:32
• Job 32:13
• Hosea 11:9 (compare Isaiah 31:8)
• Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר אִישׁ)

h. Phrases denoting ordinary, customary, common

• שֶׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2 Samuel 7:14
• לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17, 22²
• אֲמַת־אִישׁ Deuteronomy 3:11
• Contracted אָדָם Psalm 49:3; Psalm 62:10

i. Man as valiant

• 1 Samuel 4:9 (וִהְיֻו לַאֲנָשִׁים)
• 1 Kings 2:2 (compare 1 Samuel 26:15)
• אִישׁ חַיִל 1 Samuel 31:12; 2 Samuel 24:9; 1 Kings 1:42 +
• אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Numbers 31:49; Deuteronomy 2:14, 16; Joshua 5:4, 6 +
• Even of Yahweh: Exodus 15:3 (יְהוָה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה)

j. Prefixed to other nouns in apposition

• אָדוֹן אִישׁ Genesis 42:30, 33
• שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט אִישׁ Exodus 2:14
• כֹּהֵן אִישׁ Leviticus 21:9
• סָרִיס אִישׁ Jeremiah 38:7

k. Before adjective, of a people

• אִישׁ מִצְרִי Genesis 39:1
• Exodus 2:11, 19 (compare Genesis 37:28)
• Genesis 38:1, 2
• Genesis 39:14
• 1 Samuel 17:12
• 1 Samuel 30:11, 13 +

l. A man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people

• Numbers 25:6
• Judges 10:1 + (so Phoenician)
• Usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Samuel 7:11; 1 Samuel 31:7 (twice in verse) (compare Joshua 7:4, 5 +)
• Also singular collective: Deuteronomy 27:14
• Joshua 9:6, 7
• Judges 20:11
• 1 Samuel 11:8 (see Driver) +
• 2 Samuel 10:6, 8 (טוֹב אִישׁ)
• (So Moabite Inscription 10; Moabite Inscription 13)

m. Men = retainers, followers, soldiers

• 1 Samuel 18:27
• 1 Samuel 23:3
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 25:13
• Deuteronomy 33:8 (singular collective, see Dillmann)

n. Man of God = prophet

• אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים Deuteronomy 33:1
• Joshua 14:6
• 1 Samuel 9:6 f
• 1 Kings 12:13 f + (see אֱלֹהִים)

o. In phrase followed by abstract

• אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה אִישׁ (see above)
• שְׂעִיבָה אִישׁ Deuteronomy 32:25
• הַדָּמִים אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• הַבְּלִיעַל אִישׁ 2 Samuel 16:7
• מָוֶת אִישׁ 1 Kings 2:26
• חָמָס אִישׁ Psalm 140:12
• Proverbs 3:31 +

p. Followed by word of occupation, etc.

• שָׂדֶה אִישׁ Genesis 25:27
• הָאֲדָמָה אִישׁ Genesis 9:20 (compare Zechariah 13:5)
• אִישׁ הַבָּנִים champion 1 Samuel 17:4 (compare Driver) 23
• בְּשָׂרָה אִישׁ 2 Samuel 18:20
• אִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ his counsellor Isaiah 40:13
• Compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 Kings 20:42
• רֵעִים אִישׁ Proverbs 18:24

q. Distributive = each, every

• Genesis 9:5
• Genesis 10:5
• Genesis 40:5 (twice in verse)
• Exodus 12:3 +
• Including women: Job 42:11
• 1 Chronicles 16:3 (וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְכָל־כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם)
• Of inanimate things: 1 Kings 7:30, 36
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exodus 36:4; Numbers 4:19, 49; Ezekiel 14:4, 7 +
• Any one: Exodus 34:3 (twice in verse); Exodus 34:24 +
• Also אִישׁ אִישׁ Leviticus 15:2; Leviticus 22:4, 18 +
• Of gods: 2 Kings 18:33 = Isaiah 36:18

r. One...another

• וְהִרְגוּ אִישׁ אֵת אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֵת רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֵת קְרֹבוֹ Exodus 32:27
• אִישׁ אָחִיו Deuteronomy 1:16
• Micah 7:2 (see אָח)
• אִישׁ רֵעֵהוּ Genesis 11:3, 7 + (see רֵעַ)
• Of inanimate things: Genesis 15:10

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1883, 330.

² אֲנָשִׁים Ezekiel 24:17; Ezekiel 24:22 is textual error; Wellhausen (apparently Smend) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy Haupt אוֹנִים (Hosea 9:4).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

ושתים וּשְׁתַּיִם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Conjunction, Adjective cardinal number feminine dual absolute

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

מכסות מְכַסּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כסה

kâçâh

Definition

properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy); clad self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide, overwhelm. Compare כשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3680

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּסָה

verb • Root כסה • Strongs / High • Page 717

To cover, as with a lid; to clothe; to envelop, as with a veil; to enclose; to cover over or conceal sin, shame, or knowledge.

כָּסָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1285

(Not used) transitive, to receive, to keep, of hollowed vessels.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּסָה

verb • Page 323

In Kal found only in the participles (Prov. 12:16, 23; Ps. 32:1). Pi. 1. to cover (Ex. 10:5; Num. 9:15). 2. to cover or clothe one’s self (Gen. 38:14; Jon. 3:6). 3. to conceal, to keep secret (Prov. 10:18; Job 31:33). 4. to cover or pardon (sin) (Prov. 10:12; Ps. 32:1). 5. to discover one's self to any one (Ps. 143:9). Pu. pass. to be covered (1 Chr. 21:16; Ps. 80:11). Niph. pass. (Jer. 51:42). Hithpa. to clothe one’s self (1 K. 11:29; Jon. 3:8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3680

I. כָּסָה verb — cover.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew כָּסָה Pi`el
• Aramaic כְּסָא chiefly Pa`el; כַּסִּי hide, cover; כְּסוּת covering, כְּסוּ garment
• Arabic كسى (كسو) clothe, كسوة garment
• Assyrian kusû, cover; kusîtu, garment¹

Qal

Only Participle active כֹּסֶה; —

1. conceal

• shame Proverbs 12:16
• knowledge Proverbs 12:23

2. passive

• construct כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Psalm 32:1 covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight) ("" נְשׂוּימֶּֿשַׁע)

Niph`al

Perfect 3 feminine singular נִכְסָ֑תָּה, covered, with waves Jeremiah 51:42; Infinitive construct הִכָּסוֺת Ezekiel 24:8, (blood) not to be covered.

Pi`el

— Perfect 3 masculine singular כִּסָּה Numbers 9:15 12t.; suffix כִּסָּהוּ Leviticus 17:13, Numbers 17:7; כִּסָּמוֺ Exodus 15:10; 3 feminine singular כִּסְּתָה Genesis 38:15 5t.; 1 singular כִּסִּיתִי Psalm 32:5 3t.; כִּסֵּתִי Ezekiel 31:15 (strike out Co⁸); כִּסֵּיתִי Ezekiel 32:7 13t. Perfect; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְכַסֶּה Isaiah 6:2 8t.; וַיְכַס Exodus 10:15 4t.; suffix יְכַסֶּ֑דָּ Habakkuk 2:17; יְכַסֶּנָּה Ezekiel 30:18; 3 masculine plural suffix יְכַסְיֻמוּ Exodus 15:5 41t. Imperfect; Imperative suffix כַּסּוּנוּ Hosea 10:8; Infinitive construct כַּסּוֺת Malachi 2:13 11t.; כַּסֹּת Numbers 4:15; suffix כַּסֹּתוֺ Exodus 26:13; Participle מְכַסֶּה Proverbs 10:18 12t.; plural מְכַסִּים Isaiah 11:9; feminine plural מְכַסּוֺת Ezekiel 1:11, 23 (twice in verse); —

1. cover, clothe

• Judges 4:19; Ezekiel 16:10 (2 accusative), Ezekiel 16:18
• Jonah 3:6 is apparently reflexive, with accusative of garment (strange; read perhaps וַיִּכָּס)
• nakedness Genesis 9:23 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 28:42 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 16:8; Hosea 2:11; the naked Isaiah 58:7; Ezekiel 18:7, 16 (+ accusative of thing)
• the face and legs of seraphim Isaiah 6:2 (twice in verse); bodies of cherubim Ezekiel 1:11, 23 (twice in verse)
• the face Genesis 38:15 (Jehovist Source), Ezekiel 12:6, 12, figurative Job 23:17
• earth with the great deep Psalm 104:6; heavens with glory Habakkuk 3:3; with בְּ of the clothing Genesis 38:14 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 22:12; Judges 4:18; 1 Kings 1:1; heaven with clouds Psalm 147:8, with glory Ezekiel 32:7.

2. cover, conceal

• blood Genesis 37:26 (Jehovist Source), Job 16:18; human ordure Deuteronomy 23:14
• mountains conceal men from God Hosea 10:8; cover transgressions Job 31:33; Proverbs 17:9; Proverbs 28:13
• iniquity Psalm 32:5; righteousness Psalm 40:11; hatred Proverbs 10:18; a thing Proverbs 11:13
• face of judge so that he cannot see justice Job 9:24; rulers and seers Isaiah 29:10
• with בְּ of covering Leviticus 17:13 (Holiness Code), 1 Samuel 19:13; face by fat Job 15:27; sun by a cloud Ezekiel 32:7; with מִן from whom Genesis 18:17 (Jehovist Source), Job 33:17.

3. cover (with covering of protection)

• a pit Exodus 21:33 (Covenant Code); with cloud of incense, the Kapporeth Leviticus 16:13 (Priests' Code)
• coverings of the sacred tent, tabernacle, and their furniture Exodus 26:13; Numbers 4:9, 15 (Priests' Code); with בְּ of the covering Numbers 4:5, 8, 11, 12 (Priests' Code)
• Zion בְּצֵל יָדִי Isaiah 51:16.

4. cover, spread over

• fat, the inwards Exodus 29:13, 22; Leviticus 3:3, 9, 14; Leviticus 4:8 (with עַל), Leviticus 7:3 (Priests' Code)
• leprosy, the skin and flesh Leviticus 13:12–13 (Priests' Code)
• the cloud of the theophany, the mount Exodus 24:15–16 (Priests' Code), the tent of meeting Exodus 40:34; Numbers 17:7 (Priests' Code), and the tabernacle Numbers 9:15–16 (Priests' Code)
• altar with tears Malachi 2:13 (2 accusative); Jerusalem with multitude of camels Isaiah 60:6
• of handiwork 1 Kings 7:18, 41, 42; 2 Chronicles 4:12–13.

5. cover, overwhelm

• followed by accusative, the sea the Egyptians Exodus 14:28 (Priests' Code), Exodus 15:5, 10 (song), Joshua 24:7 (Elohist Source), Psalm 78:53; Psalm 106:11
• waters Job 22:11; Job 38:34; Psalm 104:9; Jeremiah 46:8; Ezekiel 26:19
• locusts the eye of the land Exodus 10:5, 15 (Jehovist Source), also Israel Numbers 22:5, 11 (Jehovist Source)
• frogs the land Exodus 8:2 (Priests' Code); quails the camp Exodus 16:13 (Priests' Code)
• cloud the land Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 38:9, 16; darkness the earth Isaiah 60:2; dust a city Ezekiel 26:10
• the depths of the sea by God Job 36:30
• with reference to a person's shame Psalm 44:16; Psalm 69:8; Jeremiah 51:51; Obadiah 10; Micah 7:10
• horror Psalm 55:6; Ezekiel 7:18; violence Proverbs 10:6, 11; Habakkuk 2:17; confusion Jeremiah 3:25; mischief Psalm 140:10
• God covers sin Psalm 85:3 ("" נשׂא עון), compare Psalm 32:1 (Qal).

6. cover over

• followed by עַל of person or thing covered: cherubim over the ark 2 Chronicles 5:8
• over the dead, the earth Numbers 16:33 (JE), Psalm 106:17; Isaiah 26:21, worms Job 21:26
• dust over blood Ezekiel 24:7; waters over the sea Habakkuk 2:14, compare לַיָּם Isaiah 11:9; (see Dr⁶ § 135. 7 Obs.)
• love covereth over all sins Proverbs 10:12; God covereth over iniquity Nehemiah 3:37; people not to cover over a guilty person Deuteronomy 13:9
• + accusative of object covering (Da⁷ § 75), figurative covering over the garment with violence Malachi 2:16; God's hands with light Job 36:32; + בְּ of covering Psalm 44:20.

Note: כִסִּתִי (אֵלֶיךָ) Psalm 143:9 is error for חָסִיתִי according to ᵐ5⁴ κατέφυγον SS⁵, but חסה not construct with אֶלֿ; חִכִּיתִי Bae⁹; הֶאֱבַלְתִּי כִּסֵּתִי עָלָיו אֶתתְּֿהוֺם Ezekiel 31:15 according to Co⁸ I caused the deep to mourn for them (strike out כסתי).

Pual

Perfect 3 masculine plural כָּסּוּ Psalm 80:11; Proverbs 24:31; Imperfect יְכֻסֶּה Ecclesiastes 6:4; plural וַיְכֻסּוּ Genesis 7:19–20; Participle plural מְכֻסִּים 1 Chronicles 21:16; feminine plural מְכֻסּוֺת Ezekiel 41:16. —

1. be covered

• followed by accusative: hills with shadow Psalm 80:11; mountains with water Genesis 7:19–20 (Priests' Code); field with nettles Proverbs 24:31
• absolute: windows of temple Ezekiel 41:16.

2. be clothed

• followed by בְּ: with sackcloth 1 Chronicles 21:16; name with darkness Ecclesiastes 6:4.

Hithpa`el

Imperfect וַיִּתְכַּס Isaiah 37:1 = 2 Kings 19:1; 3 feminine singular תִּכַּסֶּה Proverbs 26:26; וַתִּתְכָּ֑ס Genesis 24:65; plural יִתְכַּסּוּ Isaiah 59:6; Jonah 3:8; Participle מִתְכַּסֶּה 1 Kings 11:29; plural מִתְכַּסִּים Isaiah 37:2 = 2 Kings 19:2; — cover, clothe oneself.

• absolute (of veil) Genesis 24:65 (Jehovist Source)
• with בְּ: of new garment 1 Kings 11:29; sackcloth 2 Kings 19:1–2 = Isaiah 37:1–2
• figurative of works Isaiah 59:6, of hatred with guile Proverbs 26:26
• with accusative Jonah 3:5 (שַׂקִּים).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896) (Dl HWB 342).

⁴ Septuagint.

⁵ Siegfried and Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁶ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 3rd ed. (1892).

⁷ A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax (1894).

⁸ Carl Heinrich Cornill.

⁹ Georg Beer.

Verb Piel participle active feminine plural absolute

LXX: ἐκάλυψεν καλύψει περιεβάλετο κατακαλύπτον ἐπεκάλυψεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3680:

ἐκάλυψεν 27× (16.7%)

καλύψει 12× (7.4%)

περιεβάλετο 5× (3.1%)

κατακαλύπτον 5× (2.8%)

ἐπεκάλυψεν 4× (2.3%)

καλύψουσιν 4× (2.3%)

καλύψαι 4× (2.6%)

'' 3× (1.7%)

κρύπτει 3× (1.9%)

κατακαλύψει 3× (2.0%)

את אֵת

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

גויתיהנה גְּוִיֹתֵיהֶנָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גויה

gᵉvîyâh

Definition

a body, whether alive or dead

Root

prolonged for H1465 (גוה);

Exhaustive

prolonged for גוה; a body, whether alive or dead; (dead) body, carcase, corpse.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1472

הן

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9029

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גּוֹי

noun masculine • Root גוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 312

1. The body, properly belly; figuratively a being or person. 2. A connected mass, hence people, populace; most frequently a non-Israelite or heathen people; also a troop or flock of animals.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גּוּיָה

f. dec. x. • Page 133

1. body (Dan. 10: 6, Gen. 47: 18, Neh. 9: 37). 2. dead body, carcass, corpse, of men or animals (Judg. 14: 8, 9, 1 Sam. 31: 10, 12, Nah. 3: 3).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1472

גְּוִיָּה noun feminine — body, corpse.

— absolute גְּוִיָּה Nahum 3:3; construct גְּוִיַּת Judges 14:8 (2 times); suffix גְּוִיָּתוֺ 1 Samuel 31:10, Daniel 10:6, גְּוִיָּתֵנוּ Genesis 47:18, גְּוִיָּתָם Nahum 3:3; plural absolute גְּוִיּוֺת Psalm 110:6; suffix גְּוִיֹּתֵנוּ Nehemiah 9:37, גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶם Ezekiel 1:23, גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶ֑נָֿה Ezekiel 1:11.

1. Living human body

• Genesis 47:18 (singular, of many persons)
• compare plural Nehemiah 9:37
• of man in Daniel's vision Daniel 10:6 (body apart from extremities)
• also of the living creatures in Ezekiel's vision Ezekiel 1:11, 28

2. Dead body, corpse, carcass

a. of man

• 1 Samuel 31:10 (so originally in parallel 1 Chronicles 10:10, see Wellhausen¹ compare Driver²)
• 1 Chronicles 10:12 (singular of several persons)
• Psalm 110:6
• collective Nahum 3:3 (twice in verse)

b. of lion

• Judges 14:8–9

¹ We^Sm: Julius Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuelis (1871).

² Dr: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine plural

LXX: σῶμα σώματα

LXX Usage Statistics

H1472:

σῶμα 5× (30.3%)

σώματα 2× (14.7%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And their faces: and their wings spread out from above; to each of the two being joined each, and two covering their bodies.

LITV Translation:
So their faces were . And their wings were spread upward, to each, the two wings were joined, and two wings of each covering their bodies.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the four had their wings spread out above; each one had two joined to one another, and two covered their bodies.