Exodus 6:7

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ולקחתי וְלָקַחְתִּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לקח

lâqach

Definition

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, [idiom] many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3947

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָקַח

transitive verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 791

tr. to take, lay hold of, seize, with the hand; to catch; to take away from a thing.

לָקַח

verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

To take, take from; to take away, as prey, to kill; to conquer; to take along, lead; to procure, bring, fetch; to receive, accept, obtain; to undertake; to buy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָקַח

verb • Page 348

1. to take (often pleonastically). Gen. 12:5. 2. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8:3. 3. to take away. Gen. 4:12. 4. to take, capture, occupare. Num. 21:25. 5. to receive, obtain, acquire. Num. 23:20. 6. to admit, take up, receive. Prov. 2:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3947

I. לָקַח verb — take.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., especially buy, and (Niph`al) be taken in marriage
• Mesha Inscription¹ Imperfect ואקח
• Phoenician לקח
• Assyrian li‡û, la‡û²
• Arabic لقح conceive (of female), IV. impregnate
• Ethiopic לקח receive
• Zinjirli לקח
• Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras³ (Imperative קחי)

— לָקַח absolute Genesis 2:22 +; לָקָח֑ Genesis 27:36 + (קָח Ezekiel 17:5 is textual error); suffix לְקָחַנִי Genesis 24:7; לְקָחָם Jeremiah 27:20; 2 masculine singular לָקַחְתָּ Genesis 20:3 +; Imperfect יִקַּח Exodus 21:10 +; וַיִּקַּח (Numbers 16:1 read וַיָּקָם); 3 feminine singular תִּקַּח Genesis 38:23 +; 1 singular אֶקַּח Genesis 14:23 +; Imperative לְקַח Exodus 29:1; קַח Genesis 6:21 +; קְחָה Genesis 15:9; Infinitive absolute לָקוֺחַ Jeremiah 32:14; construct קַחַת Jeremiah 5:3 +; Participle active לֹקֵחַ Genesis 27:46 +; passive plural לְקֻחִים Proverbs 24:11.

1. Qal

1. take, take in the hand

• Exodus 7:15 (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 17:5 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 25:7 (Priestly Code)
• Genesis 8:9 (Yahwist Source)

2. take and carry along

• Genesis 43:12 (+ בְיֶדְכֶם)
• Joshua 9:11 (JE Source)
• Proverbs 7:20

3. take from or away

• a. take from / draw: Genesis 2:22 (rib from man); Judges 3:21 (draw sword)
• b. carry away: Ezekiel 3:14; figurative Job 15:12
• c. deprive of: Genesis 42:36; 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• d. take away life: 1 Kings 19:10; Psalm 31:14; Jonah 4:3

4. take for a person

• a. appropriate: Deuteronomy 7:25; 2 Kings 4:1
• b. procure / get: Exodus 5:11; Proverbs 9:7
• c. take possession: Deuteronomy 29:7; Psalm 109:8
• d. select / choose: Deuteronomy 4:20; Joshua 3:12
• e. take in marriage: Genesis 24:4 (for another); Genesis 4:19 (for oneself)
• f. receive / accept: 1 Samuel 12:3; 2 Kings 5:15; Isaiah 40:2; Job 4:11 (perceive sound)
• g. take preliminary to action: Joshua 2:4; Jeremiah 23:31 (make use of tongues)

5. put upon / take up

• 2 Samuel 13:19 (+ עַל); Deuteronomy 32:11

6. fetch / summon

• 1 Kings 17:10–11; Genesis 27:9; 1 Samuel 20:31

7. lead / conduct

• Genesis 48:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:6 (Yahwist Source)

8. capture / seize

• 1 Samuel 2:16; Job 40:24; Proverbs 6:25

9. carry off

• a. as booty: Genesis 14:11; 1 Kings 14:26
• b. as prisoners: Genesis 14:12; 2 Kings 23:34

10. take vengeance

• Jeremiah 20:10; Isaiah 47:3

2. Niph`al

1. be captured: 1 Samuel 4:11, 17, 19.

2. be taken away / removed: 1 Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 33:6; 2 Kings 2:9 (translation of Elijah).

3. be brought unto: Esther 2:8, 16.

3. Pu`al

1. be taken from / out of: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 3:19; Jeremiah 29:22.

2. be stolen from: Judges 17:2.

3. be taken captive: Jeremiah 48:46; Isaiah 52:5.

4. be taken away / removed: 2 Kings 2:10; Isaiah 53:8.

4. Hoph`al

1. be taken / brought: Genesis 12:15; Genesis 18:4.

2. be taken out of: Job 28:2; Ezekiel 15:3.

3. be taken away from: Isaiah 49:24, 25.

5. Hithpa`el

אֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּ֫חַת fire taking hold of itself (lightning): Exodus 9:24 (JE Source); Ezekiel 1:4.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), c. 850 B.C.E.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl^HWB), 384.

³ Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras; compare Cook, Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔλαβεν λαβὲ λήμψῃ ἔλαβον λήμψεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3947:

ἔλαβεν 254× (24.8%)

λαβὲ 73× (7.8%)

λήμψῃ 57× (5.7%)

ἔλαβον 57× (5.7%)

λήμψεται 50× (5.1%)

λαβεῖν 32× (3.4%)

λήμψονται 30× (3.0%)

λαβὼν 28× (2.7%)

λάβετε 25× (2.7%)

λήμψομαι 21× (2.1%)

אתכם אֶתְכֶם

your eternal selves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

לי לִי

to myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

לעם לְעָם

to the people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

והייתי וְהָיִיתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

לכם לָכֶם

to yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

לאלהים לֵאלֹהים

to mighty ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

וידעתם וִידַעְתֶּ֗ם

and you have known

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ידע

yâdaʻ

Definition

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.); acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

To know, perceive, understand. It encompasses various meanings including: to perceive by the senses, to know carnally (euphemism), to understand mentally, to discover, to be skilled in, to have a clear consciousness of, to care for, and to have moral perception (to know good and evil).

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

to know, of the different meanings of Kal, to see, be seen, perceived, observed; to be known, to appear i.e. to be recognised; to be well-known, celebrated.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

II. The original idea of the root: to distinguish, separate, divide, lay aside, remove. This meaning appears seldom in Scripture.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

To divide, separate, split, cut. Figuratively, to chastise, visit, or punish.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

A transposed form of יָדַע. The Kal form is not used.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 582

1. to see, to perceive by the organs of sight, to mark, to perceive; 2. to perceive by hearing, to know by the taste, to experience, to feel; 3. Metaphorically from this, to lie with (sexual intercourse).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Page 272

1. To know, understand, know how (Job 32:22, 1 Sam. 16:16). 2. To know, be acquainted with, know by name (Gen. 29:5, Ex. 33:12). 3. To perceive, observe, discern (Gen. 19:33, Judg. 13:21). 4. To learn, be informed, learn by experience (Gen. 9:24, Lev. 5:3, Ex. 6:7). 5. To imagine, expect (Ps. 35:8, Job 9:5). 6. To concern one's self about, take care of (Gen. 39:6, Prov. 27:23); spoken of God's interest in man (Ps. 144:3). 7. Euphemistic expression for sexual intercourse (Gen. 4:17, 25; 1 Sam. 1:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3045

I. יָדַע (approximate number of occurrences: 943) verb — know.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְדַע
• Phoenician ידע
• Ethiopic አאמַረ (II. I. indicate, announce, narrate)
• Assyrian idû (know)¹
• Sabean ידע (especially in compound proper names)²

— יָדַע absolute Genesis 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Leviticus 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deuteronomy 34:10; Job 28:7; יְדָעָהּ Genesis 24:16; 1 Kings 1:4; יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isaiah 63:16; 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judges 11:39; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Genesis 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 Samuel 2:26; יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1 Kings 2:15; יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 50:24; וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Genesis 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exodus 33:12; יְדַעְתִּיו Genesis 18:19; יָָֽדְעוּ Genesis 19:8 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deuteronomy 8:3, 16; 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Genesis 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Genesis 31:6; וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezekiel 13:21, 23 etc.

Qal

1. Meanings and Uses

• a. know, learn to know, good and evil Genesis 3:22 (Jehovist Source), followed by אֶת־אֲשֶׁר 1 Samuel 28:9; מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2 Samuel 24:2; מְאוּמָה 1 Samuel 20:39; לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Genesis 39:6; כָּל־דָּבָר 2 Samuel 15:11; subject God, knowing fowls Psalm 50:11; way to wisdom Job 28:23; the price of wisdom Job 28:13; something future יוֺם מוֺתִי Genesis 27:2 (Jehovist Source); followed by clause Genesis 12:11 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 22:12 (Elohist Source); followed by בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15; followed by עַל Job 37:16; followed by מִן 1 Samuel 23:23; especially יהוה וִידַע כִּי אֲנִי know that I am Yahweh Exodus 10:2 (Redactor), Exodus 6:7, Exodus 14:4, Exodus 16:12, Exodus 29:46 (all Priests' Code).
• b. perceive Genesis 19:33, 35 (Jehovist Source); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place Ruth 3:4; with בְּ Psalm 31:8 (+ רָאָה אֶת־).
• c. (+ ראה), imperative דַּע וּרְאֵה perceive and see 1 Samuel 12:17; 1 Samuel 24:12; רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 Samuel 23:23; Jeremiah 5:1.
• d. discriminate, distinguish בֵּין טוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2 Samuel 19:36, compare Deuteronomy 1:29; Jonah 4:11.
• e. know by experience Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); learn to know Yahweh Hosea 13:4; experience Yahweh's vengeance Ezekiel 25:14.
• f. recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; Isaiah 59:12; Psalm 51:5.
• g. consider Judges 18:14; דַּע וּרְאֵה 2 Samuel 24:13; 1 Kings 20:7, 22; Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 4:39.
• h. לֹא יָדַע not know = not expect Isaiah 47:11; Psalm 35:8.

2. Know a person

be acquainted with Genesis 29:5 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 1:8 (Elohist Source), Job 42:11. Of beasts knowing owner Isaiah 1:3. Especially of knowing God Exodus 5:2 (Jehovist Source); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judges 2:10; Hosea 2:22; Psalm 79:6. Of God's knowing persons, throughly Hosea 5:3; Job 11:11; knowing the heart 1 Kings 8:39; Psalm 139:4; recognising and acknowledging them 2 Samuel 7:20; Nahum 1:7; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (Jehovist Source); = take notice of, regard Psalm 1:6; Psalm 31:7; Amos 3:2; Hosea 13:5.

3. Know a person carnally

Of sexual intercourse; man subject Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Genesis 24:16; Genesis 38:26 (all Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 1:19; Judges 19:25. Woman subject Genesis 19:8 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 31:17, 18, 35 (all Priests' Code), Judges 11:39; יֹדַ֫עַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:11.

4. Skill and Ability

• a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 1:6; 1 Kings 3:7; Isaiah 50:4; Ecclesiastes 10:15; Isaiah 7:15, 16.
• b. be skilful in Genesis 25:27 (Jehovist Source) skilled in hunting; יֹדֵעַ סֵפֶר learned Isaiah 29:11; יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי professional mourners Amos 5:16; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם skilled in the sea 1 Kings 9:27; יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן skilled in playing 1 Samuel 16:18.

5. Absolute uses

have knowledge, be wise Ecclesiastes 9:11 (+ חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); have knowledge of God and duty Isaiah 1:3 (+ בין). Often with accusative of cognate meaning: דַּעַת Proverbs 17:27; בִּינָה Isaiah 29:24; חָכְמָה Proverbs 24:14; Ecclesiastes 8:16.

Niph`al

1. be made known, be or become known, of things Genesis 41:31; Exodus 2:14 (both Elohist Source); Leviticus 4:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 16:9; Psalm 76:2; = be revealed, discovered 1 Samuel 22:6; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 10:9.

2. make oneself known, of persons Ruth 3:3; usually of Yahweh Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 19:21; Ezekiel 20:5.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal) Genesis 41:21 (Elohist Source), Psalm 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jeremiah 31:19, through chastisement.

Pi`el / Po. / Pu`al

Pi`el: cause to know Job 38:12; Psalm 104:19 (according to some versions).

Po.: יוֺדַעְתִּי 1 Samuel 21:3 I have directed.

Pu`al: מְיֻדָּעִי acquaintance Psalm 55:14; 2 Kings 10:11; Job 19:14; Psalm 88:9.

Hiph`il

make known, declare Numbers 16:5 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 39:7; Psalm 89:2; Psalm 98:2; teach Job 32:7; Psalm 90:12; with לְ person Exodus 18:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; Psalm 103:7; make one know Exodus 33:12; 1 Samuel 28:15; Psalm 25:4 (+ לַמְּדֵנִי); Psalm 32:5 (+ עֲוֺנִי לֹא־כִסִּיתִי); answer Job 38:2; Job 42:4; teach to discriminate Ezekiel 22:26.

Hoph`al / Hitph.

Hoph`al: made known Leviticus 4:23, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 12:5.

Hitph.: make oneself known to Numbers 12:6 (Elohist Source), of Yahweh; Genesis 45:1 (Elohist Source), of Joseph.

Aramaic

I. יְדַע verb know (Biblical Hebrew יָדַע).

1. Pe`al know
   • absolute Daniel 5:23
   • with accusative of thing Daniel 2:30; Daniel 5:22
   • יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Daniel 2:21
   • with object clause Daniel 2:8; Daniel 4:14; Daniel 6:11; Ezra 4:15
2. Haph`el cause to know, inform
   • with ל person Ezra 4:14; Daniel 2:15
   • with suffix person Daniel 2:5; Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:16
   • of God making known Daniel 2:23, 28, 45

¹ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT), Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1875, 612.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἔγνω γνώσονται ἔγνωσαν ἔγνων οἶδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3045:

ἔγνω 57× (5.6%)

γνώσονται 51× (4.5%)

ἔγνωσαν 37× (3.7%)

ἔγνων 37× (3.7%)

οἶδα 30× (3.1%)

γνώσῃ 27× (2.4%)

γνώσεσθε 26× (2.4%)

οἶδεν 25× (2.6%)

γνῶναι 24× (2.2%)

ἔγνωσ 21× (2.1%)

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

אלהיכם אֱלֹהֵיכם

mighty ones of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

המוציא הָמּוֹצִיא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3318

I. יָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 1068) verb — go or come out.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic יְעָא
• Ethiopic ወጽአ
• Assyrian âṣû¹
• Syriac יעא
• Phoenician יצא
• Sabean וצַא³
• Arabic وضأ²

— Perfect יָצָא Genesis 10:11 (92 times); 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Numbers 16:35 (13 times); יָצָ֑אָה Isaiah 28:29; 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Genesis 24:5 (7 times); 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jeremiah 31:4; 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 11:10; וִיצָאתֶם Judges 21:21, Malachi 3:20; 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jeremiah 10:20; Imperfect יֵצֵא Genesis 15:4 (64 times); וַיֵּצֵא Genesis 4:16 (132 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exodus 21:7 (22 times); וַתֵּצֵא Genesis 30:16 (14 times); Imperative צֵא Genesis 8:16 (15 times); feminine singular צְאִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural צֵאוּ Genesis 19:14 (11 times); Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Genesis 8:7; construct צֵאת Genesis 24:11 (31 times); Participle יֹצֵא (יוֺצֵא) Genesis 2:10 (62 times).

1. Qal: Go or come out or forth

a. From a place

• From a tent Genesis 31:33 (Elohist Source)
• From a house 2 Samuel 11:8; Joshua 2:19 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• From a city Genesis 19:14 (Jahwist Source); Genesis 12:4 (Priests' Code)
• From Egypt (the Exodus) Exodus 12:41 (Jahwist Source); Deuteronomy 4:45–46 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. From the presence of a person

• Exodus 8:26 (+ מֵעִם)
• Genesis 4:16 (Jahwist Source; + מִלִּפְנֵי)
• Job 1:12 (+ מֵעִם מְּנֵי)

c. In technical senses

• Of emancipation Exodus 21:2 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• Of the Jubilee release Leviticus 25:28 (Holiness Code)
• Of divorce Deuteronomy 24:2

d. Of flight, involving escape

• Genesis 39:12 (Jahwist Source; + הַחוּ֫צָה)
• Ecclesiastes 7:18 figurative

e. Of departure and expiration

• At death Genesis 35:18 (בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ)
• Failing of heart Genesis 42:28 (Elohist Source)
• End of the year Exodus 23:16 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)

f. Of inanimate things

• River from Eden Genesis 2:10 (Jahwist Source)
• Water from rock Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source)
• Sunrise Judges 5:31; Genesis 19:23
• A lot proceeding Joshua 16:1 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code)

g. With emphasis on origin or source

• Providential arrangement Genesis 24:50 (Jahwist Source)
• Words from the mouth Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 55:11

h. Of children and birth

• From the loins 2 Samuel 7:12; Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• From the womb Numbers 12:12 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Jeremiah 1:5

2. Movement and Purpose

a. Go forth to a place: Genesis 27:3 (Jahwist Source).

b. Purpose/Result: Army marching out 1 Samuel 17:20; God going before people Judges 4:14; Psalm 68:8.

3. Combinations

יצא ובא — to go out and come in (active undertakings): Numbers 27:17; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 14:11.

Hiphil: Cause to go or come out, lead out

1. Of persons and animals

• Bringing out of Egypt Exodus 3:10 (Elohist Source); Exodus 20:2 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 5:6 (Deuteronomic Source); Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leading an army 2 Samuel 10:16.
• Putting away wives Ezra 10:3.
• Animals from the ark Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code).

2. Figurative deliverance

• From distress Psalm 25:17; Psalm 142:8.

3. Inanimate objects

• Carry out vessels 2 Kings 24:13; Ezra 1:7.
• Produce or generate Genesis 1:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 61:11.
• Speak or publish report Numbers 13:32; Deuteronomy 22:14.

Hophal: Be brought forth

• Genesis 38:25 (Jahwist Source) Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת.
• Jeremiah 38:22 plural מוּצָאוֺת.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ SI: Siloam Inscription.

Particle definite article, Verb Hiphil participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

אתכם אֶתְכם

your eternal selves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

מתחת מִתַּחַת

from below

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תחת

tachath

Definition

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.

Root

from the same as H8430 (תוח);

Exhaustive

from the same as תוח; the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.; as, beneath, [idiom] flat, in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead of, under, [idiom] unto, [idiom] when...was mine, whereas, (where-) fore, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תָּחַת

unknown • Root נחת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1507

(not used) intr. same as הִין II., and so fig. to be humble, modest. Deriv. the proper name תַּחַת.

Matched via consonantal key only

תַּחַת

noun feminine / preposition / conj. / noun proper • Root חתת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1509

Derived forms include תַּחְתִּי, תַּחְתִּית (f.). 1. (n. f.) A depression, sinking, the deep, the under part, base, or support (Job 40:12; Hab. 3:16). 2. (prep.) Under, below, at the foot of (Gen. 7:19; Ex. 24:4); in place of, instead of (Ex. 21:26); between (Job 30:7). 3. (conj.) For that, because, eo quod (Deut. 21:14). 4. (n. p.) A station of the Israelites in the wilderness (Num. 33:26). 5. (n. p. m.) Humility, modesty (1 Chr. 6:9).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תְּחֹת

chald. • Page 714

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew word תַּחַת (tahat), meaning 'under' or 'from under'. Cited in Dan. 4:11 [4:14].

תַּחַת

noun masculine • Page 713

1. what is under or below. Used as an accusative adverbially, below, beneath. In the construct state used as a preposition: under. Ex. 20:4, Gen. 1:7. 2. what is under a person, a place, spot. Zech. 6:12. (1) as an accusative used adverbially, on or in the place or spot. Ex. 16:29. (2) in the place of, instead of, loco. Lev. 16:32. Est. 2:17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8478

I. תַּחַת noun masculine — the under part (Arabic تحت id.), hence as adverb accusative and preposition underneath, below, instead of.

Cognates:

• Sabean תחת
• Ethiopic ታሕተ
• Phoenician תחת (Lzb¹ 385)
• Biblical Aramaic תְּחוֺת
• Palmyrene מן לתחת (Cooke² 320)
• Syriac ܬܚܝܬ

I. As adverb accusative

— Genesis 49:25 (= Deuteronomy 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת literally off the under part = beneath, Exodus 20:4 (= Deuteronomy 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Deuteronomy 4:39; Joshua 2:11; 1 Kings 8:23 [both D²], Isaiah 51:6), Deuteronomy 33:27; Judges 7:8; Amos 2:9; Isaiah 14:9; Job 18:16; Ezekiel 47:1.

II. As preposition

So construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath): תַּחְתַּי Habakkuk 3:16+, תַּחְתֵּנִי (compare בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֺדֶנִּי: GKC³ § 103d) 2 Samuel 22:37, 40, 48 (Psalm 18:37; 18:40; 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2 Samuel 2:23; 2 Samuel 3:12; 2 Samuel 16:8; Job 9:13), תַּחְתֶּיהָ Leviticus 13:23 etc., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה Genesis 2:21; תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1 Samuel 14:9; Psalm 47:4; תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Joshua 2:14; Amos 2:13; Numbers 16:31; 1 Kings 20:24; 1 Chronicles 4:41; 1 Chronicles 5:22; 2 Chronicles 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1 Kings 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deuteronomy 2:12 10t., תַּחְתֵּיכֶן Jeremiah 28:13.

1. Under, beneath

— Genesis 7:19 הַשָּׁמַיִם תַּחַת כָּלֿ under the whole heaven (so Deuteronomy 2:25; Deuteronomy 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Daniel 9:12); Genesis 18:4 הָעֵץ תּ׳, Genesis 21:15; Genesis 24:2+ often; Job 30:14 שׁוֺאָה תּ׳ under the crash they roll themselves against me; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תּ׳ Ecclesiastes 1:3, 9, 13 in Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke^{4. 7; 5. 12}). With לְ 2 Chronicles 4:3 תַּחַת לוֺ, Song of Solomon 2:6 = Song of Solomon 8:3 תּ׳ לְראֹשִׁי.

a. Foot of a mountain

• Exodus 24:4 (תַּחַת הָהָר)
• Deuteronomy 4:11
• Joshua 11:3, 17 +
• figurative Psalm 18:37 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּרְחִיב צַעֲדִי

b. Under the tongue

Of something held there as a dainty morsel; figurative of sweetness or evil:

• Song of Solomon 4:11
• Psalm 10:7 (תּ׳ לְשׁוֺנוֺ עָמָל וָאָוֶן)
• Job 20:12; Psalm 140:4 (תּ׳ שְׁפָתֵימוֺ)
• Psalm 66:17 (וְרוֺמַם תּ׳ לְשֹׁנוֺ)

c. Subjection and Authority

• (a) of subjection: Psalm 18:40 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּכְרִיעַ קָמַי, Psalm 18:48; Job 9:13.
• (b) of a woman, תּ׳ אִישָׁהּ i.e. under his authority: Numbers 5:19, 20, 29; Ezekiel 23:5 תַּחְתַּי (being mine).
• (c) of being burdened or oppressed: Isaiah 24:5; Proverbs 30:21–23; Habakkuk 3:7 תּ׳ אָוֶן.

d. Under the hand (authority/control)

• Genesis 41:35 (תּ׳ יַד פַּרְעֹה)
• Judges 3:30; 1 Samuel 21:4, 9; Isaiah 3:6.

e. Under feet (conquest)

• Psalm 8:7 (תּ׳ רַגְלָיו כֹּל)
• Psalm 18:39; Lamentations 3:34; Malachi 3:21.

2. The place in which one stands

a. In one's place

• Exodus 16:29 שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו abide every one in his place.
• Joshua 5:8; Judges 7:21; 1 Samuel 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ.
• 2 Samuel 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was.
• Habakkuk 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand.

b. In place of, instead of

• (a) Succession: Genesis 2:18; Genesis 4:25 (תּ׳ הֶבֶל); Genesis 22:13 (תּ׳ בְּנוֺ); Genesis 36:33–49; 1 Kings 8:20; Isaiah 55:13.
• (b) Exchange or return for: Genesis 30:15 (תּ׳ דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵךְ); Exodus 21:23 נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ; Isaiah 43:3; Genesis 44:4 לָ֫מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה תּ׳ טוֺבָה; Psalm 35:12.

3. As conjunction

a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר

• (a) Instead of that: Deuteronomy 28:62; Ezekiel 36:34.
• (b) In return for that, because that: Numbers 25:13; Deuteronomy 21:14; Deuteronomy 28:47; Isaiah 53:12.

b. תַּחַת כִּי

• Deuteronomy 4:37; Proverbs 1:29.

III. Compounds

1. אֶל־תַּחַת (after motion)
   • (in) under: Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6; Jeremiah 3:6.
   • into the place of: Leviticus 14:42.
2. מִתַּחַת
   • (a) from under, from beneath: Genesis 1:7; Exodus 17:14; Hosea 4:12; Exodus 18:10 מִתּ׳ יַד מִצְרַיִם.
   • (b) מִתַּחַת לְ under, beneath: Genesis 1:17; Exodus 20:4; 1 Samuel 7:11.
   • (c) לְמִתַּחַת לְ id quod מִתַּחַת לְ: 1 Kings 7:32.

¹ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

² G. A. Cooke, Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁴ Deuteronomic Source (D²).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ὑποκάτω ὑπὸ ἀντὶ ἀντ' ὑπο

LXX Usage Statistics

H8478:

ὑποκάτω 74× (15.9%)

ὑπὸ 58× (13.0%)

ἀντὶ 58× (13.0%)

ἀντ' 56× (12.5%)

ὑπο 33× (7.4%)

ὑποκάτωθεν 18× (4.0%)

'' 16× (3.0%)

ἀνθ' 12× (2.7%)

--- 12× (2.7%)

ὧν 11× (2.1%)

סבלות סִבְלוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סבלה

çᵉbâlâh

Definition

porterage

Root

from H5447 (סבל);

Exhaustive

from סבל; porterage; burden.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5450

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סִבְלָה

noun feminine • Root סבל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1006

Labour, oppressive work, villainage. (only in plural construct סִבְלוֹת).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סְבָלָה or סִבְלָה

noun feminine • Root סבל • Page 468

Found only in the plural construct (סִבְלוֹת); burdens, oppressive service. Ex. 1:11, 2:11, 5:4, 5, 6:6, 7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5450

I. סִבְלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 6) noun feminine — burden.

— plural construct סִבְלֹת מִצְרַיִם Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code¹), of the heavy labours imposed on Israel by Egyptian, Exodus 6:7; suffix סִבְלֹתֵיכֶם Exodus 5:4 (Jehovist Source²), סִבְלֹתָם Exodus 1:11, Exodus 5:5 (both Jehovist Source), Exodus 2:11 (Elohist Source³); (compare Psalm 81:7, סֵבֶל).

¹ Priests' Code / Narrative.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5450:

No stats available

מצרים מִצְרָיִם׃

of Dual-Siege

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מצרים

Mitsrayim

Definition

Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt

Root

dual of H4693 (מצור);

Exhaustive

dual of מצור; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt; Egypt, Egyptians, Mizraim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4714

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

dual proper noun • Root מצר • Strongs / High • Page 897

1. A son of Ham, then the name of the race of the Egyptians descended from him; collectively the Egyptians. 2. The land of Egypt, often denoting both upper and lower Egypt. The dual form is thought to refer to the two parts of the country.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

fem. dual • Page 400

Egypt, the name of a country. Construed with a verb in the singular, Hos. 9:6. The gentile noun is מִצְרִי, plur. מִצְרִים, an Egyptian; fem. מִצְרִית an Egyptian woman.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4714

I. מִצְרַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 681) proper name, of a territory and people, feminine Exodus 10:7, masculine Exodus 12:33, masculine plural Genesis 41:55 etc. (see below 2) — Egypt, Egyptians.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מצרם
• Assyrian Miṣir(u), Muṣru, Miṣir
• Tel Amarna Miṣrî, Mašrî
• Arabic مصر Cairo, Egypt
• Minean Miṣru
• Greek Αιγυπτος

— מִצְרַ֫יִם Genesis 13:1 +; מִצְרָ֑יִם Genesis 37:36 +; מִצְרַיְמָה Genesis 12:10 (12 times); מִצְרָ֑יְמָה Genesis 12:11 (14 times); derivatives and form dubious; יִַ֯ם usually regarded as dual term (Upper and Lower Egypt? compare Di¹), but as locative ending EMey² Ba³; Jen⁴ thinks מִצְרַיִם absolute formed by analogy of מַיִם, שָׁמַיִם from Miṣrî.

1. Of land, Egypt

a. Usage

• Genesis 13:1 (approximately 500 times), in all periods, including אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם Genesis 13:10 + (approximately 220 times; feminine Genesis 47:6, 13).
• אַדְמַת מִצְרַיִם (the soil of Egypt) Genesis 47:20, 26.
• מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exodus 7:19; Exodus 8:2.
• נְהַר מִצְרַיִם Genesis 15:18.
• יְאֹר מִצְרַיִם Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5.
• יְאֹרֵי מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 7:18.
• שִׁיחוֺר מִצְרַיִם 1 Chronicles 13:5.
• לְשׁוֺן יָם־מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 11:15.
• נַחַל מִצְרַיִם Joshua 15:4 + 6 times.
• Land as productive: Genesis 45:20; Genesis 49:23; compare שֵׁשׁ בְּרִקְמָה מִמִּצְרַיִם Ezekiel 27:7, אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Proverbs 7:16.
• Often parallel with כּוּשׁ: Isaiah 20:3–5; Isaiah 45:14; Ezekiel 30:4, 9.
• Parallel with אַשּׁוּר: Hosea 11:11; Hosea 12:1; Isaiah 7:18; Jeremiah 2:18.
• Including Upper Egypt (פַּתְרוֺס), as well as Lower: Jeremiah 44:1; compare Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:6; distinguished from Upper Egypt Isaiah 11:11; Jeremiah 44:15.

2. Of people

a. In table of nations

• Personified as second son of Ham Genesis 10:6 = 1 Chronicles 1:8; compare Genesis 10:13 = 1 Chronicles 1:11.

b. Egyptians (as a people)

• Genesis 41:56 + approximately 134 times, including use as Egyptian Kingdom or political power.
• With verb feminine singular: אָֽבְדָה מִצְרַיִם Exodus 10:7; Hosea 9:6; Joel 4:19; and pronoun feminine singular Ezekiel 30:18.
• With verb masculine singular: Exodus 12:33; Exodus 14:25; Isaiah 19:16, 23, 25; Jeremiah 46:8.
• With verb masculine plural: Genesis 41:55; Isaiah 19:21, 23 (+ 22 times).
• Phrases: בְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם Ezekiel 16:26; בְּתוּלַת בַּת מִצְרַיִם Jeremiah 46:11, 19, 24.
• In 1 Kings 10:28; 2 Chronicles 1:16–17; 2 Kings 7:6, Winckler thinks of Assyrian Muṣri in North Syria or North Arabia.

¹ August Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis (1892).

² Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, I. § 42.

³ Jakob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (NB), p. 319.

⁴ Peter Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), iv (1889), 268 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: αἰγύπτου αἰγύπτῳ αἴγυπτον αἰγυπτίων pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4714:

αἰγύπτου 328× (45.8%)

αἰγύπτῳ 101× (13.6%)

αἴγυπτον 79× (10.3%)

αἰγυπτίων 26× (3.3%)

pεἰσ 22× (3.2%)

αἰγύπτιοι 20× (2.4%)

αἰγύπτιοι 15× (1.9%)

αἰγυπτίοισ 14× (1.7%)

'' 14× (1.7%)

αἰγυπτίουσ 12× (1.5%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And I took you to me for a people, and I was to you for God: and ye knew that I was Jehovah your God, having brought you forth from under the burdens of the Egyptians.

LITV Translation:
And I will take you for Myself for a people, and I will be a God for you. And you shall know that I am Jehovah your God, the One bringing you out from under the burdens of Egypt.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And I will take you to me a people for myself, and will be your God; and ye shall know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the tyranny of the Egyptians.