Exodus 34:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תשתחוה תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה

you/she are bowing yourself down

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שחה

shâchâh

Definition

to depress, i.e. prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or God)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to depress, i.e. prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or God); bow (self) down, crouch, fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance, do reverence, make to stoop, worship.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7812

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁחָה

verb • Root שוח • Strongs / High • Page 1407

To be bowed or struck down; to sink; to walk along bowed; to crouch; to be depressed; to be brought low; to submit oneself.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7812

I. שָׁחָה (approximate number of occurrences: 172) verb — bow down.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Jewish-Aramaic שְׁחִי (rare)
• Akin to שׁוח and שׁחח

— Qal Imperative feminine singular שְׁחִי Isaiah 51:23 bow down.

— Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Proverbs 12:25, figurative, anxiety depresses it (that is לֵב; opposed to שִׂמֵּחַ).

— Hithpa`lel (approximate number of occurrences: 170) (compare GKC¹ § 75kk) Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ezekiel 46:2; 2 masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Deuteronomy 4:19 (3 times); 1 singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי 1 Samuel 16:4 (2 times); 3 masculine plural הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Jeremiah 8:2, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 Samuel 15:32 (3 times); apocopated יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Isaiah 44:17 +; 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Genesis 49:8 +; 2 feminine plural תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Genesis 33:6, Genesis 37:7, etc.; Imperative feminine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Psalm 45:12; masculine plural הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Psalm 29:2 +; Infinitive construct הִשְׁשַׁתַּחֲוֺת Genesis 37:10 +; suffix מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶי 2 Kings 5:18 (but Septuagint⁷, Vulgate⁸ and modern חֲוֺתוֺ-); Participle מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 Kings 19:27, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶּם Ezekiel 8:16 (read וִים- all modern).

1. Bow down or prostrate oneself before a monarch or superior

In homage, etc.:

a. With לְ, after descriptive clause

(Especially with קדד, נפל):

• 1 Samuel 24:9
• Genesis 43:28 (Jehovist Source²)
• 2 Samuel 14:4, 22
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Kings 1:31
• 2 Kings 4:37 (6 times)
• (after כָּרֵע) Esther 3:2 (twice in verse), 5

b. With לְ, followed by phrase

• (לפני) על אפים ארצה 2 Samuel 14:33
• 1 Kings 1:23
• לאפים Genesis 48:12 (Elohist Source³)
• 2 Samuel 18:28
• אפים Genesis 42:6 (Elohist Source) + 4 times
• (omit אפים) Genesis 33:3 (Jehovist Source) + 3 times
• עַל כַּמּוֺת רֵנְלַיִךְ Isaiah 60:14

c. With לְ person only

• Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code⁴)
• Genesis 27:29 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 37:9 (Elohist Source), Genesis 49:8
• Exodus 11:8 (Jehovist Source) + 8 times
• with לפני Genesis 23:12 (Priests' Code)
• with אל Isaiah 45:14 (parallel התפלּל)
• absolute Genesis 33:6, 7 (twice in verse) (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 18:7 (Elohist Source)
• 2 Samuel 9:8; 2 Samuel 16:4
• Isaiah 49:7

2. Before God, in worship

a. With לְ, after descriptive phrase

• קדד ארצה Exodus 34:8 (Jehovist Source)
• (omit ארצה) Genesis 24:26, 48 (Jehovist Source) + 4 times
• כרע אפים ארצה 2 Chronicles 7:3
• כרע 2 Chronicles 29:29
• נפל ארצה Job 1:20
• נפל לפני 2 Chronicles 20:18

b. Followed by phrase

• אפים ארצה לְ ׳ קדד וישׁ Nehemiah 8:6
• ארצה לְ ׳ Genesis 24:52 (Jehovist Source)
• ונכרעה השׁ ׳ Psalm 95:6
• בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ לְ ׳ השׁ Psalm 29:2; Psalm 96:9 = 1 Chronicles 16:29
• אֶלהֵֿיכָל (looking towards) Psalm 5:8; Psalm 138:2
• לַהֲדֹם רגלים Psalm 99:5; Psalm 132:7

c. With לְ only

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ Septuagint and modern)
• 1 Samuel 15:25; Jeremiah 7:2; Psalm 66:4 + 9 times
• with לפני Deuteronomy 26:10; Isaiah 66:23 + 4 times
• with בְּ local Isaiah 27:13
• with לְ local Psalm 99:9
• absolute Genesis 22:5 (Elohist Source), Judges 7:15 + 5 times
• accusative of location Exodus 33:10 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 26:2; Ezekiel 46:3
• לפני (ה)מזבח Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:22; 2 Chronicles 32:12
• with על location Genesis 47:31 (Jehovist Source); 1 Kings 1:47; Ezekiel 46:2
• מֵרֶחֹק afar off Exodus 24:1 (Elohist Source)

d. Before angel in theophany

• After clause with נפל, קדד: Joshua 5:14; Numbers 22:31
• Followed by אפים ארצה Genesis 19:1
• Followed by ארצה Genesis 18:2 (all Jehovist Source)

3. Before other gods

• absolute Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 44:15–17; Isaiah 46:6
• accusative of location 2 Kings 5:18 (3 times in verse); 2 Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38
• with לְ: Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24 (Elohist Source); Numbers 25:2 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 23:7 (Deuteronomist Source⁵); Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; 1 Kings 16:31 + 34 times
• with על: Leviticus 26:1 (Holiness Code⁶)
• לפני 2 Chronicles 25:14 (parallel קטּר)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Elohist Source.

⁴ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁵ Deuteronomist Source.

⁶ Holiness Code.

⁷ Septuagint (LXX).

⁸ Vulgate.

Verb Hithpael imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: προσεκύνησεν προσεκύνησαν προσκυνεῖν προσκυνήσουσιν προσκυνῆσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H7812:

προσεκύνησεν 43× (24.7%)

προσεκύνησαν 29× (16.7%)

προσκυνεῖν 10× (5.5%)

προσκυνήσουσιν 8× (4.4%)

προσκυνῆσαι 6× (3.6%)

προσκυνήσητε 6× (3.5%)

προσκυνήσω 5× (3.0%)

προσκυνοῦσιν 5× (3.1%)

προσκυνήσουσίν 5× (3.1%)

προσκυνήσεισ 5× (3.2%)

לאל לְאֵל

to a mighty one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אל

ʼêl

Definition

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

Root

shortened from H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

shortened from איל; strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity); God (god), [idiom] goodly, [idiom] great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong. Compare names in '-el.'

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H410

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H410

II. אֵל noun masculine — god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might; — hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adjective or genitive); its only suffix is יִּי.

Cognates:

• Samaritan אֵל
• Phoenician אֵל, אֵלָן (i.e. probably אֵלֹן)
• Sabean אֵל (D. H. Müller, Orientalischer Congress, Leiden, 1883)
• Assyrian ilu (Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch)
• Perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic (compare Theodor Nöldeke on the passage)
• On goddess אֵלָת: Phoenician, Palmyrene, Nabataean, Sabean (also אֵלָהָת) (D. H. Müller, l.c.)
• Arabic ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ (plural الحرير) (Flügel, Kleinere Schriften i. 154)
• Assyrian Allatu (Jeremiah 66)
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ ܢܘܪܐ
• Compare also F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte, 1888, pp. 58, 90, 97, 271, 207

1. Applied to men of might and rank

• אֵל גּוֹיִם mighty one of the nations Ezekiel 31:11 (of Nebuchadnezzar; ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν, אֵיל some manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵלִים mighty men Job 41:17 (אֵילִים, many manuscripts, compare A. Dillmann)
• אֵלֵי גִּבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ezekiel 32:21 (אֵילֵי manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ Ezekiel 17:13; 2 Kings 24:15 (Kethib אֻלִי)
• אֵילִים Exodus 15:15 (probably plural of III. אַיִּל, quod vide)
• These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name.
• אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) or divine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Isaiah 9:6

2. Angels

• בְּנֵי אֵלִים Psalm 29:1; Psalm 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים

3. Gods of the nations

• אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Daniel 11:36
• מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִים who is like thee among the gods Exodus 15:11
• Idols Isaiah 43:10; Isaiah 44:10, 15, 17; Isaiah 46:6
• מִי אֵל בַּשָּׁמַיִם what God in heaven Deuteronomy 3:24
• אֵל אַחֵר another god Exodus 34:14 (J)
• אֵל זָר foreign god Psalm 44:21; Psalm 81:10
• אֵל נֵכָר Deuteronomy 32:12; Malachi 2:11; Psalm 81:10

4. El proper name

• אֵל בְּרִית El Berith Judges 9:46 (= בַּעַל בְּרִית Judges 8:33; 9:4) compare also 6 (f) below

5. As characterizing mighty things in nature

• חַרְרֵי אֵל mighty mountains Psalm 36:7 (literally mountains of El); also Psalm 50:10 (compare Olshausen, Bickell, Cheyne; see below II. אֵלָף)
• אַרְזֵי אֵל mighty cedars Psalm 80:11
• כּוֹכְבֵי אֵל lofty stars Isaiah 14:13

6. God (217 times), the one only and true God of Israel

• (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Genesis 31:13; Genesis 35:1, 3; Genesis 46:3 (E) 2 Samuel 22:31, 33, 48 (= Psalm 18:31; 33; 48) Psalm 68:20; 21; 77:15; הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Deuteronomy 7:9; הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל the great God Deuteronomy 10:17 = Jeremiah 32:18; Daniel 9:4; Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ the holy God Isaiah 5:17; הָאֵל יְהוָה the God Yahweh Isaiah 42:5; Psalm 85:9
• (b) אֵלִי my God Exodus 15:2 (poetry) Psalm 18:3; Psalm 22:2 (twice in verse); 11; 63:2; 68:25; 89:27; 102:25; 118:28; 140:7; Isaiah 44:17
• (c) Construct: אֵל בֵּית אֵל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Genesis 35:7 (E); אֵל אֲבִיךָ God of thy fathers Genesis 49:25 (poetry); אֵל יִשְׂרָאֵל Psalm 68:36; אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5; אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם the God of heaven Psalm 136:26; אֵל סַלְעִי the God who is my rock Psalm 42:10; אֵל שִׂמְחַת גִּילִי the God who is the joy of my exultation Psalm 43:4; אֵל רֹאִי the God who lets himself be seen Genesis 16:13 (J); אֵל הַכָּבוֹד the God of glory Psalm 29:3; אֵל דְּעוֹת the all-knowing God 1 Samuel 2:3 (poetry); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Genesis 21:33 (J); אֵל יְשׁוּעָתִי Isaiah 12:2; אֵל חַיִּי Psalm 42:9; אֵל אֱמֶת Psalm 31:6 = אֵל אֱמוּנָה Deuteronomy 32:4 (poetry); אֵל נְקָמוֹת Psalm 94:1 (twice in verse); אֵל גְּמֻלוֹת Jeremiah 51:56
• (d) אֵל אֶחָד one God Malachi 2:10; אֵל גָּדוֹל a great God Deuteronomy 7:21; Psalm 77:14; 95:3; אֵל מִסְתַּתֵּר a God hiding himself Isaiah 45:15; אֵל רַחוּם a compassionate God Exodus 34:6 (J) Deuteronomy 4:31; Psalm 86:15; אֵל נֹשֵׂא a forgiving God Psalm 99:8; אֵל חַנּוּן a gracious God Nehemiah 9:31; Jonah 4:2; אֵל קַנָּא a jealous God Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:14 (J) Deuteronomy 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; Joshua 24:19 (D) = אֵל קַנּוֹא Nahum 1:2; אֵל חַי a living God Joshua 3:10 (J) Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; 84:3; אֵל צַדִּיק Isaiah 45:21; לֹא אֵל חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע Psalm 5:5; לֹא אֵל Deuteronomy 32:21 (poetry) Isaiah 31:3; Ezekiel 28:2 (twice in verse); 9; מִי אֵל כָּמוֹךָ Micah 7:18 (compare Exodus 15:11)
• (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Numbers 12:13 (E read אֵל, compare A. Dillmann) always in poetry, Job 5:8 + (55 times Job), Psalm 7:12; 10:11, 12; 16:1; 17:6; 19:1; 52:3, 7; 55:20; 57:3; 73:11, 17; 74:8; 77:10; 78:7, 8, 18, 19, 34, 41; 82:1; 83:2; 90:2; 104:21; 106:14, 21; 107:11; 118:27; 139:17, 23; 149:6; 150:1; Isaiah 40:18; 43:12; 45:14, 20; 46:9; Lamentations 3:41; Hosea 11:9; 12:1; Malachi 1:9; עִמָּנוּאֵל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Isaiah 7:14; compare Isaiah 8:8, 10
• (f) El, a divine name אֵל אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 33:20 (E); אֵל אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 16:22 (P = יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 27:16); אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה Joshua 22:22 (P) Psalm 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Numbers 23:8, 19, 22, 23; Numbers 24:4, 8, 16, 23 (poetry Balaam "" שַׁדִּי & עֶלְיוֹן) Deuteronomy 32:18; Deuteronomy 33:26 (poetry Moses "" צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 Samuel 22:32; 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry David "" צוּר) and in the combinations אֵל עֶלְיוֹן (5 times; see עֶלְיוֹן) & אֵל שַׁדִּי (10 times; see שַׁדִּי)

7. Strength, power

(on connection with I. אֵלָה compare A. Dillmann, Genesis 1:1; Genesis 31:29) in יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Genesis 31:29 (E; followed by לְ + infinitive); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְךָ Proverbs 3:27 (followed by idem); יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Micah 2:1; (absolute); negative וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶךָ Deuteronomy 28:32 (absolute) = thou shalt be powerless, so Nehemiah 5:5.

See also C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning 'might' very dubious: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with original meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

¹ K. Albrecht.

² C. H. Cornill.

³ A. Dillmann.

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke.

⁵ ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν.

⁶ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ Elohist Source.

⁹ Deuteronomist Source.

¹⁰ J. Olshausen.

¹¹ G. Bickell.

¹² T. K. Cheyne.

¹³ F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte.

¹⁴ Flügel, Kleinere Schriften.

¹⁵ Jeremiah 66.

¹⁶ C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0410:

No stats available

אחר אַחֵר

behind/after

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אחר

ʼachêr

Definition

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.

Root

from H309 (אחר);

Exhaustive

from אחר; properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.; (an-) other man, following, next, strange.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H312

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַחֵר

adjective • Root אחר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 102

Properly tarrying, delaying, retarding; hence following, when something has gone before; another, other, a second; foreign, strange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַחֵר

adjective • Page 40

other (fem. אַחֶרֶת, plur. אֲחֵרִים). אֵל אַחֵר another or strange God, i.e. an idol. Is. 42: 8. Deut. 6: 14. 7: 4. 8: 19.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H312

I. אַחֵר adjective masculine another (properly one coming behind), feminine אַחֶרֶת (with daghesh forte implicit); plural אֲחֵרִים (as if from singular אָחֵר), once Job 31:10 אֲחֵרִין, אֲחֵרוֹת (= Arabic بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ, Sabean אאחר, Assyrian a—ru future feminine plural as substantive a—rat ûmê future of days).

Cognates:

• Arabic بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
• Sabean אאחר
• Assyrian a—ru future feminine plural as substantive a—rat ûmê future of days

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Another (basic sense)

• Genesis 4:25 זֶרַע אַחֵר another seed
• Genesis 8:10 שִׁבְעַת יָמִים אֲחֵרִים seven other days
• Exodus 22:4 בִּשְׂדֵה אַחֵר in the field of another + often
• אִישׁ אַחֵר another man (husband) Genesis 29:19; Deuteronomy 24:2; Jeremiah 3:1
• חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 Kings 7:8 the other court, see חָצֵר
• הַחֹמָה הָאַחֶרֶת 2 Chronicles 32:5 the other wall, see חֹמָה
• Appended to a proper name for distinction Ezra 2:31 = Nehemiah 7:34 (see Nehemiah 7:7 = Nehemiah 7:12) Nehemiah 7:33 (probably here textual error, see Bertholet¹ Ryssel² 18: not in Ezra 2:29)

b. Different

• בְּגָדִים אֲחֵרִים other garments Leviticus 6:4; 1 Samuel 28:8; Ezekiel 42:14; Ezekiel 44:19
• עָפָר אֲחֵרִים Leviticus 14:42
• ר֫וּחַ אַחֵר Numbers 14:24
• וְנֶהֶפְכְתֶּם לְאִישׁ אַחֵר 1 Samuel 10:6
• לֵב אַחֵר 1 Samuel 10:9
• לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezekiel 11:19 (compare Hi³ Smend⁴)
• שֵׁם חָדָשׁ Isaiah 65:15 (compare Isaiah 62:2 חָדָשׁ)

c. Strange, alien

• אִישׁ אַחֵר Deuteronomy 20:5, Deuteronomy 20:6, Deuteronomy 20:7 (so אַחֵר, אֲחֵרִים alone Psalm 109:8; Job 31:8, Job 31:10; Isaiah 65:22; Jeremiah 6:12; Jeremiah 8:10 and elsewhere)
• עַם אַחֵר Deuteronomy 28:32
• אֶרֶץ אַחֶרֶת Deuteronomy 29:27; Jeremiah 22:26
• אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת Judges 11:2
• לָשׁוֹן אַחֶרֶת Isaiah 28:11 (parallel בִּלְעַגֵי שָׂפָה)
• Especially in the phrase אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods (63 times) Exodus 20:3 (= Deuteronomy 5:7) Deuteronomy 23:13 (both J⁵ E⁶) Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:16 (E) 1 Samuel 26:19; Hosea 3:1, & particularly in Deuteronomy (6:14; 8:19 15 times) & Deuteronomic writers, as Joshua 23:16; Judges 2:12, Judges 2:17, Judges 2:19 Jeremiah (18 times) & compiler of Kings
• אֵל אַחֵר once Exodus 34:14 (JE)
• So אַחֵר alone Isaiah 42:8; Psalm 16:4

d. Of time, following, next (rare)

• בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחֶרֶת Genesis 17:21 (P) in the next year
• בַּיּוֹם הָאַחֵר 2 Kings 6:29
• דּוֹר אַחֵר Joel 1:3
• דּוֹר אַחֵר Psalm 109:13 in poetry the next generation (Judges 2:10 in prose = another generation)

¹ A. Bertholet, Die Stellung der Israeliten und der Juden zu den Fremden, Freiburg, 1896.

² V. Ryssel, Untersuchungen über die Reden Hiobs, Leipzig, 1889.

³ Hi (Hiphil) - causative stem in Hebrew verbs.

⁴ R. Smend, Lehrbuch der alttestamentlichen Religionsgeschichte, Freiburg, 1893.

⁵ J (Jehovist) - Yahwist source in the Pentateuch.

⁶ E (Elohist) - Elohist source in the Pentateuch.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0312:

No stats available

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

קנא קַנָּא

jealousy/be envious

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קנא

qannâʼ

Definition

jealous

Root

from H7065 (קנא);

Exhaustive

from קנא; jealous; jealous. Compare קנוא.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7067

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קַנָּא

m. adj. • Root קנא • Strongs / High • Page 1283

Jealous, zealous (often spoken of God against idolatry); also denotes ardour, jealousy, envy, enmity, hostility, zeal, or indignation.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קַנָּא

m. verbal adj. • Root קנא • Page 589

Jealous, one who permits not his rights to be injured, spoken of Jehovah. Refs: Ex. 20:5, 34:14, Deut. 4:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7067

I. קַנָּא (approximate number of occurrences: 6) adjective — jealous.

1. Descriptive of God

— only of God:

a. In the phrase אֵל קַנָּא

• Exodus 20:5 (Yahwist Source)¹ = Deuteronomy 5:9 (as punishing those who hate him)
• Exodus 34:14 (Yahwist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:24
• Deuteronomy 6:15 (demanding exclusive service)

b. In the phrase קַנָּא שְׁמוֺ

• Exodus 34:14 (Yahwist Source)

¹ Yahwist (Jehovist) Source.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ζηλωτὴσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7067:

ζηλωτὴσ 3× (60.0%)

שמו שְׁמוֹ

his name

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שם

shêm

Definition

an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

Root

a primitive word (perhaps rather from through the idea of definite and conspicuous position; compare H8064 (שמים));

Exhaustive

a primitive word (perhaps rather from through the idea of definite and conspicuous position; compare שמים); an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character; [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8034

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1442

A sign, a memorial, a token, a mark, and therefore a name. (Includes usage regarding calling or inscribing a name).

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1442

Metaphor: The internal essence as outwardly revealed and known as operative; hence of God (the Divine Essence, Presence, Protection, or Power).

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1442

Fame, renown, fama, an honourable name. Also used to denote a good name, sweet scent (assonance), bad reputation, or posterity (name after death).

שֵׁם

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1442

Proper noun: The oldest son of Noah (Gen. 5, 32), progenitor of the Semites.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁם

m. constr. • Page 683

1. a name; a celebrated name, celebrity, renown. Gen. 6: 4, Num. 16: 2. 2. a rumour, report. Deut. 22: 14. 3. the name of Jehovah, particularly his praise or glory. Ps. 79: 9, Is. 48: 9.

שָׁם

adverb • Page 683

1. there. 2. thither (i.q. שָׁמָּה). 3. then (spoken of time). 4. thither/whither (with paragagic ה). Gen. 13: 3, 1 Sam. 2: 14, Ps. 14: 5, Gen. 19: 20.

שֻׁם

m. chald. • Page 684

A name. References: Dan. 4:5 [4:8]; Ezra 5:1. With suffix שֻׁמֵּהּ (from שֵׁם) Dan. 2:20, 26; 4:5 [4:8]; 5:12. Ezra 5:14: 'and they were given to Sheshbazzar, as his name was'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8034

I. שֵׁם (approximate number of occurrences: 864) noun masculine^{2 Samuel 7:9} — name (√ unknown; compare Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה).

Cognates:

• Phoenician שם
• Assyrian šumu
• Sabean סם
• Ethiopic ስም
• Arabic اِسْم
• Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, שׁוּם, שֻׁם
• Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם

— שֵׁם absolute Genesis 6:4 +; construct שֵׁם Genesis 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁםֿ 1 Samuel 8:2 +; suffix שְׁמִי Exodus 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Genesis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1 Kings 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֺת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Genesis 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֺת Exodus 6:16 +, suffix שְׁמוֺתָם Numbers 13:4 +, שְׁמוֺתָן Ezekiel 23:4 (twice in verse).

1. Designations of things

• Of river Genesis 2:11, 13, 14
• Of beasts Genesis 2:19, 20
• Of city Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source) +
• Of the day שׁ׳ הַיּוֺם Ezekiel 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה)

2. Of persons and reputation

a. Usually of person

• Genesis 4:17, 19 (Jehovist Source)
• As significant: 1 Samuel 25:25, compare Proverbs 21:24
• In phrase וַיְהִי אִישׁ ... וּשְׁמוֺ אֶלְקָנָה 1 Samuel 1:1, compare 1 Samuel 9:1, 2, Jeremiah 37:13
• In token of ownership: נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל 2 Samuel 12:28, Isaiah 4:1
• Change of name: Genesis 17:15 (Priests' Code / Narrative), Genesis 35:10 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Acknowledged personally: יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• As representative of: בְּשֵׁם פ׳ 1 Samuel 25:5, 9, 1 Kings 21:8, Esther 8:8

b. Reputation, fame, or glory

• Positive sense: Genesis 12:2, 2 Samuel 7:9
• Make oneself a name: Genesis 11:4, 2 Samuel 8:13, Jeremiah 32:20
• Men of renown: אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Genesis 6:4, Numbers 16:2
• Bad sense (reproach): שֵׁם רָע Deuteronomy 22:14, 19
• As byword: Ezekiel 23:10, טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 22:5

c. Posthumous life, especially in sons

• 2 Samuel 18:18, Deuteronomy 25:7, Ruth 4:5, 10
• Blotting out of name: Deuteronomy 25:6, Numbers 27:4 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Extirpate family: 1 Samuel 24:22, 2 Samuel 14:7, Isaiah 14:22

3. Of God, specifically of Yahweh

• Call with the name (in worship): ק׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Genesis 4:26 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 12:8, Genesis 21:33
• Place of worship: Exodus 20:24, Deuteronomy 12:5, 2 Samuel 7:13
• Swearing by the name: 1 Samuel 20:42, Deuteronomy 6:13, Exodus 20:7
• Embodying revealed character: Amos 5:8, Exodus 3:15 (Elohist Source), Exodus 34:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Praise and glory: 2 Samuel 22:50, Psalm 18:50, Psalm 29:2
• As powerful agent: בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי Psalm 54:3
• As hypostasis / ineffable: הַשֵּׁם Leviticus 24:11

4. Of false gods

• Usage forbidden: Exodus 23:13 (Elohist Source), Joshua 23:7 (Deuteronomic Redactor), Hosea 2:19
• Calling upon: 1 Kings 18:24, Micah 4:5

5. Memorial or monument

• Isaiah 55:13 ("" אוֺת)
• יָד וָשֵׁם Isaiah 56:5

Aramaic

I. שֻׁם noun masculine name (Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם).

— construct שֻׁם Ezra 5:1 +; suffix שְׁמֵהּ Daniel 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, suffix שְׁמָהָתְהֹם Ezra 5:10.

1. of divinity
   • Daniel 2:20
   • Daniel 4:5
   • Ezra 5:1
   • Ezra 6:12
2. of a man
   • Daniel 2:26
   • Daniel 4:15–16
   • Daniel 5:12
   • Ezra 5:4, 10, 14

¹ J. Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), xli (1887), 635.

² P. de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 160.

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS K), 213, 303 ff.

⁴ E. König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö), ii. 1. 104, 512.

⁵ M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb), 377.

⁶ A. Geiger, Urschrift und Übersetzungen der Bibel (Gei Urschr), 273 f.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ὄνομα ὄνομά ὀνόματι ὀνόματί ὀνόματα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8034:

ὄνομα 400× (45.4%)

ὄνομά 128× (14.3%)

ὀνόματι 86× (9.2%)

ὀνόματί 62× (6.4%)

ὀνόματα 50× (5.6%)

ὀνομάτων 22× (2.8%)

ὀνόματοσ 17× (1.8%)

ὀνόματόσ 15× (1.6%)

'' 15× (1.7%)

αὐτῆσ 10× (0.9%)

אל אֵל

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

Root

shortened from H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

shortened from איל; strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity); God (god), [idiom] goodly, [idiom] great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong. Compare names in '-el.'

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H410

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H410

II. אֵל noun masculine — god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might; — hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adjective or genitive); its only suffix is יִּי.

Cognates:

• Samaritan אֵל
• Phoenician אֵל, אֵלָן (i.e. probably אֵלֹן)
• Sabean אֵל (D. H. Müller, Orientalischer Congress, Leiden, 1883)
• Assyrian ilu (Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch)
• Perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic (compare Theodor Nöldeke on the passage)
• On goddess אֵלָת: Phoenician, Palmyrene, Nabataean, Sabean (also אֵלָהָת) (D. H. Müller, l.c.)
• Arabic ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ (plural الحرير) (Flügel, Kleinere Schriften i. 154)
• Assyrian Allatu (Jeremiah 66)
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ ܢܘܪܐ
• Compare also F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte, 1888, pp. 58, 90, 97, 271, 207

1. Applied to men of might and rank

• אֵל גּוֹיִם mighty one of the nations Ezekiel 31:11 (of Nebuchadnezzar; ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν, אֵיל some manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵלִים mighty men Job 41:17 (אֵילִים, many manuscripts, compare A. Dillmann)
• אֵלֵי גִּבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ezekiel 32:21 (אֵילֵי manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ Ezekiel 17:13; 2 Kings 24:15 (Kethib אֻלִי)
• אֵילִים Exodus 15:15 (probably plural of III. אַיִּל, quod vide)
• These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name.
• אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) or divine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Isaiah 9:6

2. Angels

• בְּנֵי אֵלִים Psalm 29:1; Psalm 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים

3. Gods of the nations

• אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Daniel 11:36
• מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִים who is like thee among the gods Exodus 15:11
• Idols Isaiah 43:10; Isaiah 44:10, 15, 17; Isaiah 46:6
• מִי אֵל בַּשָּׁמַיִם what God in heaven Deuteronomy 3:24
• אֵל אַחֵר another god Exodus 34:14 (J)
• אֵל זָר foreign god Psalm 44:21; Psalm 81:10
• אֵל נֵכָר Deuteronomy 32:12; Malachi 2:11; Psalm 81:10

4. El proper name

• אֵל בְּרִית El Berith Judges 9:46 (= בַּעַל בְּרִית Judges 8:33; 9:4) compare also 6 (f) below

5. As characterizing mighty things in nature

• חַרְרֵי אֵל mighty mountains Psalm 36:7 (literally mountains of El); also Psalm 50:10 (compare Olshausen, Bickell, Cheyne; see below II. אֵלָף)
• אַרְזֵי אֵל mighty cedars Psalm 80:11
• כּוֹכְבֵי אֵל lofty stars Isaiah 14:13

6. God (217 times), the one only and true God of Israel

• (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Genesis 31:13; Genesis 35:1, 3; Genesis 46:3 (E) 2 Samuel 22:31, 33, 48 (= Psalm 18:31; 33; 48) Psalm 68:20; 21; 77:15; הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Deuteronomy 7:9; הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל the great God Deuteronomy 10:17 = Jeremiah 32:18; Daniel 9:4; Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ the holy God Isaiah 5:17; הָאֵל יְהוָה the God Yahweh Isaiah 42:5; Psalm 85:9
• (b) אֵלִי my God Exodus 15:2 (poetry) Psalm 18:3; Psalm 22:2 (twice in verse); 11; 63:2; 68:25; 89:27; 102:25; 118:28; 140:7; Isaiah 44:17
• (c) Construct: אֵל בֵּית אֵל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Genesis 35:7 (E); אֵל אֲבִיךָ God of thy fathers Genesis 49:25 (poetry); אֵל יִשְׂרָאֵל Psalm 68:36; אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5; אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם the God of heaven Psalm 136:26; אֵל סַלְעִי the God who is my rock Psalm 42:10; אֵל שִׂמְחַת גִּילִי the God who is the joy of my exultation Psalm 43:4; אֵל רֹאִי the God who lets himself be seen Genesis 16:13 (J); אֵל הַכָּבוֹד the God of glory Psalm 29:3; אֵל דְּעוֹת the all-knowing God 1 Samuel 2:3 (poetry); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Genesis 21:33 (J); אֵל יְשׁוּעָתִי Isaiah 12:2; אֵל חַיִּי Psalm 42:9; אֵל אֱמֶת Psalm 31:6 = אֵל אֱמוּנָה Deuteronomy 32:4 (poetry); אֵל נְקָמוֹת Psalm 94:1 (twice in verse); אֵל גְּמֻלוֹת Jeremiah 51:56
• (d) אֵל אֶחָד one God Malachi 2:10; אֵל גָּדוֹל a great God Deuteronomy 7:21; Psalm 77:14; 95:3; אֵל מִסְתַּתֵּר a God hiding himself Isaiah 45:15; אֵל רַחוּם a compassionate God Exodus 34:6 (J) Deuteronomy 4:31; Psalm 86:15; אֵל נֹשֵׂא a forgiving God Psalm 99:8; אֵל חַנּוּן a gracious God Nehemiah 9:31; Jonah 4:2; אֵל קַנָּא a jealous God Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:14 (J) Deuteronomy 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; Joshua 24:19 (D) = אֵל קַנּוֹא Nahum 1:2; אֵל חַי a living God Joshua 3:10 (J) Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; 84:3; אֵל צַדִּיק Isaiah 45:21; לֹא אֵל חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע Psalm 5:5; לֹא אֵל Deuteronomy 32:21 (poetry) Isaiah 31:3; Ezekiel 28:2 (twice in verse); 9; מִי אֵל כָּמוֹךָ Micah 7:18 (compare Exodus 15:11)
• (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Numbers 12:13 (E read אֵל, compare A. Dillmann) always in poetry, Job 5:8 + (55 times Job), Psalm 7:12; 10:11, 12; 16:1; 17:6; 19:1; 52:3, 7; 55:20; 57:3; 73:11, 17; 74:8; 77:10; 78:7, 8, 18, 19, 34, 41; 82:1; 83:2; 90:2; 104:21; 106:14, 21; 107:11; 118:27; 139:17, 23; 149:6; 150:1; Isaiah 40:18; 43:12; 45:14, 20; 46:9; Lamentations 3:41; Hosea 11:9; 12:1; Malachi 1:9; עִמָּנוּאֵל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Isaiah 7:14; compare Isaiah 8:8, 10
• (f) El, a divine name אֵל אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 33:20 (E); אֵל אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 16:22 (P = יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 27:16); אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה Joshua 22:22 (P) Psalm 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Numbers 23:8, 19, 22, 23; Numbers 24:4, 8, 16, 23 (poetry Balaam "" שַׁדִּי & עֶלְיוֹן) Deuteronomy 32:18; Deuteronomy 33:26 (poetry Moses "" צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 Samuel 22:32; 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry David "" צוּר) and in the combinations אֵל עֶלְיוֹן (5 times; see עֶלְיוֹן) & אֵל שַׁדִּי (10 times; see שַׁדִּי)

7. Strength, power

(on connection with I. אֵלָה compare A. Dillmann, Genesis 1:1; Genesis 31:29) in יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Genesis 31:29 (E; followed by לְ + infinitive); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְךָ Proverbs 3:27 (followed by idem); יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Micah 2:1; (absolute); negative וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶךָ Deuteronomy 28:32 (absolute) = thou shalt be powerless, so Nehemiah 5:5.

See also C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning 'might' very dubious: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with original meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

¹ K. Albrecht.

² C. H. Cornill.

³ A. Dillmann.

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke.

⁵ ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν.

⁶ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ Elohist Source.

⁹ Deuteronomist Source.

¹⁰ J. Olshausen.

¹¹ G. Bickell.

¹² T. K. Cheyne.

¹³ F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte.

¹⁴ Flügel, Kleinere Schriften.

¹⁵ Jeremiah 66.

¹⁶ C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0410:

No stats available

קנא קַנָּא

jealousy/be envious

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קנא

qannâʼ

Definition

jealous

Root

from H7065 (קנא);

Exhaustive

from קנא; jealous; jealous. Compare קנוא.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7067

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קַנָּא

m. adj. • Root קנא • Strongs / High • Page 1283

Jealous, zealous (often spoken of God against idolatry); also denotes ardour, jealousy, envy, enmity, hostility, zeal, or indignation.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קַנָּא

m. verbal adj. • Root קנא • Page 589

Jealous, one who permits not his rights to be injured, spoken of Jehovah. Refs: Ex. 20:5, 34:14, Deut. 4:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7067

I. קַנָּא (approximate number of occurrences: 6) adjective — jealous.

1. Descriptive of God

— only of God:

a. In the phrase אֵל קַנָּא

• Exodus 20:5 (Yahwist Source)¹ = Deuteronomy 5:9 (as punishing those who hate him)
• Exodus 34:14 (Yahwist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:24
• Deuteronomy 6:15 (demanding exclusive service)

b. In the phrase קַנָּא שְׁמוֺ

• Exodus 34:14 (Yahwist Source)

¹ Yahwist (Jehovist) Source.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ζηλωτὴσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7067:

ζηλωτὴσ 3× (60.0%)

הוא הוּא׃

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For thou shalt not worship another God: for Jehovah, his name is Jealous; he is a jealous God.

LITV Translation:
For you shall not bow to another god, for Jehovah whose name is Jealous, He is a jealous God;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
For ye shall not worship strange gods, for the Lord God, a jealous name, is a jealous God;