Exodus 25:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויצקת וְיָצַקְתָּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצק

yâtsaq

Definition

properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard; cast, cleave fast, be (as) firm, grow, be hard, lay out, molten, overflow, pour (out), run out, set down, stedfast.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3332

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצַק

verb • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 634

to pour, to pour out a liquid; to anoint. Figuratively, to pour out on the thirsty, i.e. to refresh; to pour the spirit of life upon a thing.

יָצַק

verb • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 635

A verb with multiple meanings cataloged as separate entries. I: 1. To pour, pour upon. 2. In a metallurgical sense: to cast, to melt metals. 3. (intransitive) To flow out, of the blood of a wound.

יָצַק

verb • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 635

A verb with multiple meanings cataloged as separate entries. II: (intransitive) 1. To be firm, condensed, hard, hardened. 2. To become thick, to thicken.

יָצַק

verb • Root יצק • Strongs / High • Page 635

A verb with multiple meanings cataloged as separate entries. III: (transitive) To set. Same as יָצַג.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצַק

verb • Page 293

I. 1. to pour forth or out, as liquids (Gen. 28:18). 2. to cast metallic vessels or instruments (Ex. 25:12). Hoph. 1. to be poured out (Ps. 45:3). 2. to be molten or cast.

יָצַק

verb • Page 293

II. found only in Hiphil, equivalent to הִצִּיג; to place, spread. Josh. 7: 23. 2 Sam. 15: 24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3332

I. יָצַק verb — pour, cast, flow.

Cognates:

• Talmud id.

— Qal Perfect יְצַק Leviticus 8:15 + 2 times; וְיָצַק consecutive Leviticus 2:1; Leviticus 14:15; suffix יְצָקָם 1 Kings 7:46; 2 Chronicles 4:17, etc.; Imperfect יִצֹּק Leviticus 14:26; Numbers 5:15; וַיִּצֹּק Genesis 28:18 (8 times); וַּ֫יִּצֶק 1 Kings 22:35 (intransitive sense); 3 feminine singular וַתִּצֹּק 2 Samuel 13:9; אֶצֹק Isaiah 44:3; אֶצָּקֿ Isaiah 44:3; וַיִּ˜צְקוּ 2 Kings 4:40; Imperative יְצֹק Ezekiel 24:3; צַק 2 Kings 4:41; יִצְקוּ 1 Kings 18:34; Infinitive צֶ֫קֶת Exodus 38:27; Job 38:38; Participle Passive יָצוּק Job 28:2 (5 times); plural יְצוּקִים 2 Chronicles 4:3; יְצֻקִים 1 Kings 7:24; יְצֻקוֺת 1 Kings 7:30.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Pour, pour out oil, in anointing or sacrifice

• Followed by שׁמן + על: Genesis 28:18 (Elohist Source), Genesis 35:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Followed by מִשֶּׁמֶן + לְ: Leviticus 8:12 (Priests' Code)
• Followed by על (oil implied): Exodus 29:7 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 10:1, 2 Kings 9:3
• Followed by שֶׁמֶן + אֶלֿ: 2 Kings 9:6
• In sacrifice or cleansing, + על: Leviticus 2:1, 6; Numbers 5:15; Leviticus 14:15, 26 (Priests' Code)
• Into vessels: 2 Kings 4:4

b. Pouring of other liquids or substances

• Water, for washing or drenching: 2 Kings 3:11; 1 Kings 18:34
• Water for boiling (into בְּ), symbolic: Ezekiel 24:3
• Blood of sacrifice, + אֶליְֿסוֺד: Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 9:9 (Priests' Code)
• Pottage or cakes: 2 Kings 4:40–41; 2 Samuel 13:9

c. Figurative uses

• Of Spirit (רוּחִי) + על: Isaiah 44:3
• For satisfying thirst: Isaiah 44:3
• Of disease: יָצוּק בּוֺ Psalm 41:9 infused into him (otherwise less probably as 3. molten, i.e. fixed upon)

2. Cast (objects of metal)

• Metal vessels and pillars: Exodus 25:12; Exodus 26:37; Exodus 36:36; Exodus 37:3, 13; Exodus 38:5, 27 (Priests' Code)
• In the temple: 1 Kings 7:46; 2 Chronicles 4:17; 1 Kings 7:24, 30; 2 Chronicles 4:3

3. Passive participle as adjective

figurative cast, hard:

• Of crocodile's scales: Job 41:15
• Of crocodile's heart: Job 41:16 (as stone)

4. Intransitive flow, pour

• Of blood: וַיִּ֫צֶק 1 Kings 22:35
• Of dust: בְּצֶקֶת עָפָר לַמּוּצָק Job 38:38

Hiph`il — Imperfect וַיַּצִּ֫קוּ 2 Samuel 15:24; וַיַּצִּקֻם Joshua 7:23; Participle feminine מֹי֯צָ֑קֶת 2 Kings 4:5.

1. pour oil 2 Kings 4:5
2. figurative pour out (silver shekels, etc.) Joshua 7:23
3. set down the ark (?) 2 Samuel 15:24; but read וַיַצִּיגוּ¹.

Hoph`al — Perfect הוּצַק Psalm 45:3; Imperfect יוּצַק Leviticus 21:10; Job 22:16; Participle מוּצָ֑ק 1 Kings 7:23, 33; 2 Chronicles 4:2; Job 37:18; מֻצָק Job 11:15; construct מֻצַּק 1 Kings 7:16.

1. be poured (in anointing): Leviticus 21:10 (Holiness Code); figurative of foundation of wicked Job 22:16; of grace (חֵן) on lips Psalm 45:3.
2. Participle as adjective = cast, molten: 1 Kings 7:23, 33; 2 Chronicles 4:2; construct as substantive מֻצַּק נְחשֶׁת 1 Kings 7:16.
3. Participle figurative = firmly established: וְהָיִיתָ מֻצָק Job 11:15 and thou shalt be established.

¹ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel; H. Graetz.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέχεεν ἐχώνευσεν ἐπιχεεῖ ἐπιχεεῖσ ---%

LXX Usage Statistics

H3332:

ἐπέχεεν 7× (12.2%)

ἐχώνευσεν 4× (7.2%)

ἐπιχεεῖ 4× (7.2%)

ἐπιχεεῖσ 3× (5.0%)

---% 3× (5.0%)

αὐτὰ 3× (4.7%)

ἐξέχεεν 2× (3.9%)

ἐπιθήσω 2× (3.9%)

לו לּ֗וֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

ארבע אַרְבַּע

four

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארבע

ʼarbaʻ

Definition

four

Root

masculine ארבעה; from H7251 (רבע);

Exhaustive

masculine ארבעה; from רבע; four; four.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H702

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 184

Four.

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed חֶבְרוֹן (Hebron).

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed Hebron.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Page 70

Name of one of the Enakite giants (Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 21:11).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H702

I. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 316) noun masculine and noun feminine four (Late Hebrew equivalent to Biblical Hebrew; Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40; Phoenician אַרְבַּע, Punic אַרְבַּעַת, four; so Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti; Arabic أربع; Syriac ܐܪܒܥ; Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47; Ethiopic አራብዓ; Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ; Nabataean אַרְבַּע, Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367); — masculine 148 (circa noun feminine) אַרְבַּע (absolute or construct) Exodus 21:37 +; also אַרְבַּעִים Leviticus 11:20 +; note (Baer Ginsburg) Joshua 21:18 6 times Joshua 21 (van der Hooght אַרְבַּעִים); in Proverbs 30:18 read feminine with Qere; feminine (circa noun masculine) absolute אַרְבָּעָה Genesis 2:10 125 times + Proverbs 30:18 (see above); construct אַרְבַּעִית 1 Samuel 4:2 29 times, including Ezekiel 7:2 (but read masculine Kethibh); suffix אַרְבַּעְתָּם Ezekiel 1:8 5 times Ezekiel, אַרְבַּעְתָּן Ezekiel 1:10 (twice in verse) (but read probably תָּם -, Kraetzschmar), Ezekiel 1:16; Ezekiel 1:18; dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6, see 1d; plural אַרְבַּעִים = 40, see below; — four (in Hexateuch 108 times, chiefly Priests' Code, 98 times; Ezekiel 52 times, Chronicles 47 times): — 1 without other number: a. אַרְבַּע (1) before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times, including אַמּוֹת אַרְבַּע four cubits Deuteronomy 3:11 5 times (but also בָּאַמָּה אַרְבַּע four (in) cubit(s) Exodus 26:2, Exodus 26:8; Exodus 36:9; 1 Kings 7:27 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 7:38), and מֵאוֹת אַרְבַּע = 400 Genesis 11:13 55 times. (2) אַרְבַּע before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23, רַגְלָיו Exodus 25:26. (3) before collective, צֹאן אַרְבַּע Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source); רִבּוֹא אַרְבַּע = 40,000 Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:66. (4) rare and late, after feminine plural noun עָרִים אַרְבַּע Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code); after feminine singular noun construct לְשָׁנַת אַרְבַּע 1 Kings 22:41; Zechariah 7:1; 2 Chronicles 3:2. — אַרְבַּעִית, see this, and II. אַרְבַּע below (5) noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15 Proverbs 30:15, Proverbs 30:18 (Kethibh, see above), Proverbs 30:21; Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:22; עַל־אַרְבַּעִים (that is רַגְלַיִם = on all fours Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:42. b. אַרְבָּעָה (1) before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 14:9; Exodus 25:34 21 times, + חֲדָשִׁים אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים (וְ)אַרְבָּעָה Judges 19:2; 1 Samuel 27:7; also פָּנִים אַרְבָּעָה אַרְבָּעָה distributive Ezekiel 10:21. (2) late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10. (3) noun omitted, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9 15 times, + (as predicate of masculine plural noun) Exodus 27:16 (twice in verse); Exodus 38:19 (twice in verse); also אַרְבָּעָה בָּאַמָּה, (that is יֹום) Zechariah 7:1 = ordinal, on the fourth (day). c. אַרְבַּעִית (1) before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40; 1 Kings 7:32 11 times (not Ezekiel 7:2, see above), + אֲלָפִים אַרְבַּעִית = 4000, 1 Samuel 4:2 14 times. (2) before collective הַבִּקָּר Numbers 7:7. (3) noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22. (4) with suffix, after plural noun, = the four of them, Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:10 (3 times in verse) + 6 times Ezekiel; Daniel 1:17 these boys, the four of them. d. dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6 = four-fold (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §97h König ii. 1, §106, 227), but read שִׁבְעַתַּיִם Th We Klo Dr Kmp Bu HPS. 2 with other number: a. 10 + אַרְבַּע = 14, (a) before feminine singular noun, שָׁנָה אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה = 14, 1 Kings 15:33; 1 Chronicles 23:4 13 times 1 Chronicles 27; + plural noun Numbers 7:88; noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:20 predicate 1 Chronicles 20:6; Nehemiah 7:23; 420 Numbers 25:9; = 24th, אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים יֹום Haggai 1:15; Haggai 1:18; Zechariah 1:7; Nehemiah 9:1; Daniel 10:4, יֹום omitted Haggai 2:10, Haggai 2:20, and (אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים) 1 Chronicles 24:18; 1 Chronicles 25:31. c. other tens + 4, 1 Chronicles 7:7; 1 Chronicles 5:18 (+ singular noun), Ezra 2:15 7 times; 4 + tens + שָׁנָה Genesis 11:16, + אֶלֶף 1000 Numbers 1:27, Numbers 1:29; Numbers 2:4, Numbers 2:6; Numbers 26:25, Numbers 26:43. — See König ii. 1, §106. רַבַּע (see Biblical Hebrew אַרְבַּע, רִבִּעִים, √ רבע).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Phoenician אַרְבַּע
• Punic אַרְבַּעַת
• Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti
• Arabic أربع
• Syriac ܐܪܒܥ
• Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47
• Ethiopic አራብዓ
• Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ
• Nabataean אַרְבַּע
• Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Four as a cardinal number

• Without other number: before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times
• Before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23
• Before collective צֹאן Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source)
• Rare and late, after feminine plural noun Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code)
• Noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15; Proverbs 30:15

b. Four as feminine form

• Before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source)
• Late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10
• Noun omitted Amos 1:3

c. Four as construct form

• Before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40
• Before collective Numbers 7:7
• Noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22
• With suffix, the four of them Ezekiel 1:8

d. Dual form for four-fold

• 2 Samuel 12:6 (but see textual note)

e. With other numbers

• 10 + 4 = 14 1 Kings 15:33
• 20 + 4 = 24 Haggai 1:15
• Other combinations 1 Chronicles 7:7

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Adjective cardinal number both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0702:

No stats available

טבעת טַבְּעֹת

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טבעת

ṭabbaʻath

Definition

properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind

Root

from H2883 (טבע);

Exhaustive

from טבע; properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind; ring.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2885

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Strongs / High • Page 551

what presses into, hence a signet-ring.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Page 260

1. A seal-ring, a signet (Gen. 41:42; Est. 3:10). 2. A ring generally, even without a seal, or not intended for the finger (Ex. 35:22 ff; 37:3 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2885

I. טַבַּעַת (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun feminine — signet, signet-ring, ring.

Cognates:

• Assyrian ṭimbu’u (seal-ring)¹
• (on formation see Lag^{BN 88})

— טַבַּעַת absolute Exodus 26:24 (4 times); construct idem Esther 3:12 (4 times); suffix טַבַּעְתּוֹ Genesis 41:42 (3 times); plural absolute טַבָּעוֹת Isaiah 3:21, Exodus 28:23, טַבָּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (twice in verse) + 14 times; construct טַבְּעוֹת Exodus 28:23 (3 times), טַבְּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (13 times); suffix טַבְּעֹתָו Exodus 28:28, Exodus 39:21; טַבְּעֹתֵיהֶם Exodus 26:29; טַבְּעֹתָם Exodus 36:34.

1. Signet-ring

Of king, taken from his hand and given as token of authority:

• Genesis 41:42 (Elohist Source)
• Esther 3:10
• Esther 8:2

Used in sealing official missives:

• Esther 3:12
• Esther 8:8 (twice in verse)
• Esther 8:10 (+ חָתַם)

2. Ring as ornament

• Isaiah 3:21
• Exodus 35:22 (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 31:50 (Priests' Code)

3. Rings for sacred furniture

Most often (only in Exodus) of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture:

• Exodus 25:12 (3 times in verse) + 35 times in Exodus (all Priests' Code)

¹ William Muss-Arnolt, A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (1905).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: δακτυλίουσ '' δακτύλιον δύο δακτυλίῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2885:

δακτυλίουσ 20× (40.1%)

'' 12× (22.5%)

δακτύλιον 4× (7.5%)

δύο 3× (6.3%)

δακτυλίῳ 3× (5.6%)

---? 3× (5.3%)

εὐρεῖσ 2× (4.4%)

זהב זָהָב

gold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זהב

zâhâb

Definition

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky

Root

from an unused root meaning to shimmer;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky; gold(-en), fair weather.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2091

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָהָב

noun masculine • Root זהב • Strongs / High • Page 426

1. gold, as metal. 2. Figuratively, oil, so called from its shining colour; perhaps also the sun or the golden brightness of the sky.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָהָב

m. prim. • Page 198

1. gold (Gen. 24:22, 53. 36:39). 2. figuratively the golden splendour (of the firmament), Job 37:22; gold-coloured oil, Zech. 4:12.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2091

I. זָהָב (approximate number of occurrences: 385) noun masculine Genesis 2:12 — gold.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic ذهب
• Sabean דֿהב (compare Olshausen¹, Müller²)
• Aramaic דְּהַב, דַּהֲבָא
• Palmyrene דהבא (compare Vogüé³)

— זָהָב absolute Genesis 2:11 (364 times); construct Genesis 2:12 (6 times); suffix זְהָבִי 1 Kings 20:7 +; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 Kings 20:3, 5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isaiah 2:20, 31:7; זְהָבָם Hosea 8:4 + etc.

1. Gold-ore, gold in a raw state

• Genesis 2:11–12
• Jeremiah 10:9
• Proverbs 17:3
• Proverbs 27:21
• Job 28:1 +
• Perhaps also 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 etc.
• Compare עַפְרֹת זָהָב Job 28:6 gold-dust
• Simile of tried people: Zechariah 13:9, Malachi 3:3; simile of Job’s purity Job 23:10

מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious; read perhaps זֹהַר (Duhm, Driver); Ewald, Delitzsch and others out of the North comes gold; others golden light, brightness (Septuagint, Rabbins, Davidson); or golden splendour of God (Böttcher, Hitzig); Siegfried conjectures יהוה for זהב.

2. Gold as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Jehovist Source; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף)
• Genesis 24:34 (Jehovist Source; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים)
• Compare Hosea 2:8; Isaiah 2:7; Deuteronomy 8:13; 17:17; Job 3:15; 31:24; Zechariah 14:14; Ezra 1:4, 6 +
• General preciousness: Proverbs 22:1; Job 28:17 (of wisdom); Psalm 19:10 (ordinances of יהוה); Psalm 119:72, 127; metaphor of princes Lamentations 4:1.

3. Gold as spoil of war

• Joshua 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל), 24
• Compare Joshua 7:21, 24; 22:8; 2 Kings 7:8 +.

4. Gold as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּל בֹּשֶֹׁם)
• Compare gold from Ophir 1 Kings 9:28 (see below 7).

5. Gold as costly gift

• To a prophet: מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב (hypothetical), Numbers 22:18; 24:13 (both Elohist Source)
• Brought by Queen of Sheba: 1 Kings 10:2, 10 = 2 Chronicles 9:1, 9
• As tribute: 2 Kings 23:35 (twice); as satisfaction for murder 2 Samuel 21:4.

6. Gold as material

Of rings (נֶזֶם), chains, shields, images, and temple furnishings:

• Genesis 24:22; Exodus 32:2–3; Judges 8:24–25; Genesis 41:42
• As material of idols: Exodus 20:23; 32:31; Hosea 8:4; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 7:25
• Furnishings of Solomon's Temple: 1 Kings 6:20–22, 28; 7:48; 2 Chronicles 3:4–6
• Tabernacle furnishings: Exodus 25:3, 11, 24; 38:24 (Priests' Code)

7. Gold described by its source

• Gold from Ophir: 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49; 1 Chronicles 29:4
• Gold from Uphaz: Jeremiah 10:9 (read perhaps אוֺפִיר)
• Gold of Sheba: Psalm 72:15; Gold of Parvaim: 2 Chronicles 3:6

8. Gold defined by adjective

• שָׁחוּט beaten gold: 1 Kings 10:16–17; 2 Chronicles 9:15–16
• סָגוּר: 1 Kings 6:20–21; 7:49–50
• טָהוֺר pure gold: Exodus 25:11, 17, 24 (P and Chronicles)
• טוֺב good gold: 2 Chronicles 3:5, 8
• מוּפָז best gold: 1 Kings 10:18

9. As measure of weight and value

1. Gold-shekel
   • Genesis 24:22 (עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב)
   • Numbers 7:14; Judges 8:26
   • 1 Chronicles 21:25 (שִׁקְלֵי זָהָב)
2. Mina of gold
   • 1 Kings 10:17 (שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים זָהָב)
3. Talent of gold
   • 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 9:14
4. Darics
   • Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:69; Ezra 8:27

10. Of golden oil

• From its colour: Zechariah 4:12.

11. Named with silver

Often follows silver in earlier/later writings: Genesis 13:2; Exodus 3:22; Numbers 22:18; 1 Kings 15:15; Psalm 105:37. In later writings it often precedes silver: Ezekiel 28:4; 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 1:11.

12. Chief verbs used with gold

a. עָשָׂה (make) — 1 Kings 7:48; Exodus 25:11; לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזָּהָב work in gold Exodus 31:4.

b. יָצַק (cast) — Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3.

c. צִמָּה (overlay) — 1 Kings 6:20; Exodus 25:11.

d. חפה (overlay) — 2 Chronicles 3:5.

e. תָּפוּשׂ (encased) — Habakkuk 2:19.

f. רדד (spread) — 1 Kings 6:32.

On דִּי זָהָב and מֵי זָהָב (proper names) see relevant entries.

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

² David Heinrich Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG, 1883).

³ Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale. Inscriptions sémitiques (1868).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χρυσίον χρυσίου χρυσίῳ '' χρυσᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2091:

χρυσίον 81× (17.4%)

χρυσίου 71× (16.5%)

χρυσίῳ 39× (9.3%)

'' 29× (6.3%)

χρυσᾶ 25× (6.0%)

χρυσοῦσ 22× (5.4%)

χρυσῶν 19× (4.6%)

χρυσοῦν 18× (4.3%)

χρυσᾶσ 14× (3.5%)

pἐκ 14× (3.6%)

ונתתה וְנָתַתָּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

על עַל

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ארבע אַרְבַּע

four

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארבע

ʼarbaʻ

Definition

four

Root

masculine ארבעה; from H7251 (רבע);

Exhaustive

masculine ארבעה; from רבע; four; four.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H702

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 184

Four.

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed חֶבְרוֹן (Hebron).

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed Hebron.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Page 70

Name of one of the Enakite giants (Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 21:11).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H702

I. אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 316) noun masculine and noun feminine four (Late Hebrew equivalent to Biblical Hebrew; Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40; Phoenician אַרְבַּע, Punic אַרְבַּעַת, four; so Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti; Arabic أربع; Syriac ܐܪܒܥ; Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47; Ethiopic አራብዓ; Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ; Nabataean אַרְבַּע, Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367); — masculine 148 (circa noun feminine) אַרְבַּע (absolute or construct) Exodus 21:37 +; also אַרְבַּעִים Leviticus 11:20 +; note (Baer Ginsburg) Joshua 21:18 6 times Joshua 21 (van der Hooght אַרְבַּעִים); in Proverbs 30:18 read feminine with Qere; feminine (circa noun masculine) absolute אַרְבָּעָה Genesis 2:10 125 times + Proverbs 30:18 (see above); construct אַרְבַּעִית 1 Samuel 4:2 29 times, including Ezekiel 7:2 (but read masculine Kethibh); suffix אַרְבַּעְתָּם Ezekiel 1:8 5 times Ezekiel, אַרְבַּעְתָּן Ezekiel 1:10 (twice in verse) (but read probably תָּם -, Kraetzschmar), Ezekiel 1:16; Ezekiel 1:18; dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6, see 1d; plural אַרְבַּעִים = 40, see below; — four (in Hexateuch 108 times, chiefly Priests' Code, 98 times; Ezekiel 52 times, Chronicles 47 times): — 1 without other number: a. אַרְבַּע (1) before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times, including אַמּוֹת אַרְבַּע four cubits Deuteronomy 3:11 5 times (but also בָּאַמָּה אַרְבַּע four (in) cubit(s) Exodus 26:2, Exodus 26:8; Exodus 36:9; 1 Kings 7:27 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 7:38), and מֵאוֹת אַרְבַּע = 400 Genesis 11:13 55 times. (2) אַרְבַּע before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23, רַגְלָיו Exodus 25:26. (3) before collective, צֹאן אַרְבַּע Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source); רִבּוֹא אַרְבַּע = 40,000 Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:66. (4) rare and late, after feminine plural noun עָרִים אַרְבַּע Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code); after feminine singular noun construct לְשָׁנַת אַרְבַּע 1 Kings 22:41; Zechariah 7:1; 2 Chronicles 3:2. — אַרְבַּעִית, see this, and II. אַרְבַּע below (5) noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15 Proverbs 30:15, Proverbs 30:18 (Kethibh, see above), Proverbs 30:21; Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:22; עַל־אַרְבַּעִים (that is רַגְלַיִם = on all fours Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:42. b. אַרְבָּעָה (1) before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 14:9; Exodus 25:34 21 times, + חֲדָשִׁים אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים (וְ)אַרְבָּעָה Judges 19:2; 1 Samuel 27:7; also פָּנִים אַרְבָּעָה אַרְבָּעָה distributive Ezekiel 10:21. (2) late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10. (3) noun omitted, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9 15 times, + (as predicate of masculine plural noun) Exodus 27:16 (twice in verse); Exodus 38:19 (twice in verse); also אַרְבָּעָה בָּאַמָּה, (that is יֹום) Zechariah 7:1 = ordinal, on the fourth (day). c. אַרְבַּעִית (1) before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40; 1 Kings 7:32 11 times (not Ezekiel 7:2, see above), + אֲלָפִים אַרְבַּעִית = 4000, 1 Samuel 4:2 14 times. (2) before collective הַבִּקָּר Numbers 7:7. (3) noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22. (4) with suffix, after plural noun, = the four of them, Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:10 (3 times in verse) + 6 times Ezekiel; Daniel 1:17 these boys, the four of them. d. dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם 2 Samuel 12:6 = four-fold (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §97h König ii. 1, §106, 227), but read שִׁבְעַתַּיִם Th We Klo Dr Kmp Bu HPS. 2 with other number: a. 10 + אַרְבַּע = 14, (a) before feminine singular noun, שָׁנָה אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה = 14, 1 Kings 15:33; 1 Chronicles 23:4 13 times 1 Chronicles 27; + plural noun Numbers 7:88; noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:20 predicate 1 Chronicles 20:6; Nehemiah 7:23; 420 Numbers 25:9; = 24th, אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים יֹום Haggai 1:15; Haggai 1:18; Zechariah 1:7; Nehemiah 9:1; Daniel 10:4, יֹום omitted Haggai 2:10, Haggai 2:20, and (אַרְבַּע וְעֶשְׂרִים) 1 Chronicles 24:18; 1 Chronicles 25:31. c. other tens + 4, 1 Chronicles 7:7; 1 Chronicles 5:18 (+ singular noun), Ezra 2:15 7 times; 4 + tens + שָׁנָה Genesis 11:16, + אֶלֶף 1000 Numbers 1:27, Numbers 1:29; Numbers 2:4, Numbers 2:6; Numbers 26:25, Numbers 26:43. — See König ii. 1, §106. רַבַּע (see Biblical Hebrew אַרְבַּע, רִבִּעִים, √ רבע).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Mishnaic Hebrew אַרְבַּעִים = 40
• Phoenician אַרְבַּע
• Punic אַרְבַּעַת
• Assyrian arbaʾu (rarely irbaʾ), irbitti
• Arabic أربع
• Syriac ܐܪܒܥ
• Sabaean אַרְבַּעַת Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum iv, no. 232.2 Hommel Chrestomathy 47
• Ethiopic አራብዓ
• Aramaic אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָה, Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, Syriac ܒܪܝܬ
• Nabataean אַרְבַּע
• Palmyrene אַרְבַּע, אַרְבַּעָא, Lidzbarski 367

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Four as a cardinal number

• Without other number: before feminine plural noun Jeremiah 15:3; Exodus 25:12 (Priests' Code) + 101 times
• Before dual רַגְלַיִם Leviticus 11:23
• Before collective צֹאן Exodus 21:37 (Elohist Source)
• Rare and late, after feminine plural noun Joshua 19:7 (Priests' Code)
• Noun omitted Ezekiel 43:15; Proverbs 30:15

b. Four as feminine form

• Before masculine plural noun Genesis 2:10 (Jehovist Source)
• Late, after masculine plural noun 1 Chronicles 23:10
• Noun omitted Amos 1:3

c. Four as construct form

• Before masculine plural noun Judges 11:40
• Before collective Numbers 7:7
• Noun omitted 2 Samuel 21:22
• With suffix, the four of them Ezekiel 1:8

d. Dual form for four-fold

• 2 Samuel 12:6 (but see textual note)

e. With other numbers

• 10 + 4 = 14 1 Kings 15:33
• 20 + 4 = 24 Haggai 1:15
• Other combinations 1 Chronicles 7:7

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Adjective cardinal number both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0702:

No stats available

פעמתיו פַּעֲמֹתָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פעם

paʻam

Definition

a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)

Root

or (feminine) פעמה; from H6470 (פעם);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) פעמה; from פעם; a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow); anvil, corner, foot(-step), going, (hundred-) fold, [idiom] now, (this) [phrase] once, order, rank, step, [phrase] thrice, (often-), second, this, two) time(-s), twice, wheel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6471

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּעַם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1183

(inf. with suff. פַּעֲמוֹ) tr. prop. 1. to beat, to strike, of a hammer; to tread; to knock, of clock- or bell-work; figur. to impel, to drive or urge on, of the spirit. 2. to stop, i. e. to make fast, to bar, to cause to stagnate.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּעַם

noun • Root פעם • Page 549

1. a foot. Ps. 17:5. 57:7. Plur. feet (of the ark), Ex. 25:12. 2. a footstep. Ps. 119:133. 140:5. Metaphorically Judg. 5:28 steps. 3. a time or repetition of a thing, a step or blow. once, Josh. 6:3. dual twice, Gen. 27:36. three times, how many times? 1 K. 22:16. once and again, this time, now, Gen. 29:35. 4. an anvil, see the root signif. no. 1. Is. 41:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6471

I. מַּעַם (approximate number of occurrences: 118) noun feminine (masculine only Judges 16:23 [text suspicious, see GFM Albr¹ Kö²], 2 Samuel 23:8 [Qr feminine], 1 Kings 7:30 [corrupt]) — beat, foot, anvil, occurrence.

— מַּעַם absolute Genesis 2:23 +; מָּ֑עַם Genesis 46:30 +; dual מַּעֲמַיִם Genesis 27:36 +; plural מְּעָמִים Genesis 33:3 +; construct מַּעֲמֵי Judges 5:28 +; suffix מְּעָמַי Psalm 57:7; Psalm 119:133 + etc.; מַּעֲמֹתָיו Exodus 25:12 + etc.

1. Steps and Feet

a. Poetry

• hoof-beat Judges 5:28
• late, of human footfall, footstep, figurative Psalm 17:5 ("" אֲשׁוּרַי), Psalm 119:113
• וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ מְּעָמָיו Psalm 85:14

b. Foot

• figurative usage: Psalm 57:7; Psalm 58:11; Psalm 74:3; Psalm 140:5; Proverbs 29:5
• literal usage: Isaiah 26:6 ("" רֶגֶל), Song of Solomon 7:2
• (+ בְּכַף פ) 2 Kings 19:24 = Isaiah 37:25

c. Foot of the ark

• Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• מַּעֲמֹתָיו 1 Kings 7:30 read מִּנּוֺתָיו (compare 1 Kings 7:34)

2. Anvil

(struck by hammer) Isaiah 41:7.

3. Occurrence or Time

(originally stroke, beat):

a. Numerical counts

• פ׳ אַחַת one time, once Joshua 6:3, 11, 14 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 10:42 (Deuteronomic Source) + 3 times + 2 Samuel 23:8 Qr (> Kt אחד)
• מַּעֲמָ֑יִם twice Genesis 41:32 + 6 times
• פ׳ Nahum 1:9 second time
• אַרְבַּע פ׳ Nehemiah 6:4 four times
• חָמֵשׁ אוֺ שֵׁשׁ פ׳ 2 Kings 13:19, compare מ׳ חֲמִישִׁית Nehemiah 6:5; also with שָׁלשׁ, שֶׁבַע, q.v.
• עֶשֶׂר פ׳ (וֶה) Numbers 14:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Nehemiah 4:6, Job 19:3, all indefinite = over and over
• indefinite also מַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20 once and [i.e. or] twice
• מַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֺשׁ Job 33:29 twice (or) thrice
• מֵאָה פְעָמִים 2 Samuel 24:3 = 1 Chronicles 21:3, אֶלֶף פ׳ Deuteronomy 1:11; רַבּוֺת פ׳ Psalm 106:43; Ecclesiastes 7:22; עַד־כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1 Kings 22:16, 2 Chronicles 18:15

b. As formerly, as usual

• כְּפַעַם בְּפַעַם as time on time, i.e. as formerly, as usual, Numbers 24:1 (Elohist Source), Judges 16:20; Judges 20:30–31; 1 Samuel 3:10 (compare Dr³), 1 Samuel 20:25

c. At this time

• (גַּם) בַּמַּעַם הַזּאֹת at this repetition (this time) also Exodus 8:28; Exodus 9:14 (Jehovist Source) + 3 times
• גַּם בַּמּ׳ הַהִוא Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 10:10

d. This once / Now at length

• (1) = this once Genesis 18:32; אַךְ הַמּ׳ Exodus 10:17; Judges 6:39, רַק הַמּ׳ Judges 6:39; אַךְ הַמּ׳ הַזֶּה Judges 16:28
• (2) = now at length Genesis 2:23; Genesis 29:34–35; Genesis 30:20; Genesis 46:30; Judges 15:3; Judges 16:18, compare also Exodus 9:27 now at length (it is clear that) I have sinned.

e. At one time ... at another

• מַּעַם ... מָּ֑עַם Proverbs 7:12 now ... now, at one time ... at another

¹ GFM Albr: George Foot Moore, cited in Albright, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 76.

² Kö: Ed. König, Historisch-comparative Syntax der hebräischen Sprache (1897), § 248m.

³ Dr: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel.

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἅπαξ ἑπτάκισ νῦν καιρῷ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H6471:

ἅπαξ 24× (15.3%)

ἑπτάκισ 14× (10.7%)

νῦν 8× (5.1%)

καιρῷ 7× (3.5%)

--- 6× (4.6%)

καθὼσ 6× (4.6%)

καιροὺσ 5× (3.8%)

'' 5× (3.3%)

δίσ 4× (3.1%)

ἑξάκισ 4× (3.1%)

ושתי וּשְׁתֵּי

Most Beautiful One (Vashti)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Conjunction, Adjective cardinal number feminine dual construct

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

טבעת טַבָּעֹ֗ת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טבעת

ṭabbaʻath

Definition

properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind

Root

from H2883 (טבע);

Exhaustive

from טבע; properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind; ring.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2885

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Strongs / High • Page 551

what presses into, hence a signet-ring.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Page 260

1. A seal-ring, a signet (Gen. 41:42; Est. 3:10). 2. A ring generally, even without a seal, or not intended for the finger (Ex. 35:22 ff; 37:3 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2885

I. טַבַּעַת (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun feminine — signet, signet-ring, ring.

Cognates:

• Assyrian ṭimbu’u (seal-ring)¹
• (on formation see Lag^{BN 88})

— טַבַּעַת absolute Exodus 26:24 (4 times); construct idem Esther 3:12 (4 times); suffix טַבַּעְתּוֹ Genesis 41:42 (3 times); plural absolute טַבָּעוֹת Isaiah 3:21, Exodus 28:23, טַבָּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (twice in verse) + 14 times; construct טַבְּעוֹת Exodus 28:23 (3 times), טַבְּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (13 times); suffix טַבְּעֹתָו Exodus 28:28, Exodus 39:21; טַבְּעֹתֵיהֶם Exodus 26:29; טַבְּעֹתָם Exodus 36:34.

1. Signet-ring

Of king, taken from his hand and given as token of authority:

• Genesis 41:42 (Elohist Source)
• Esther 3:10
• Esther 8:2

Used in sealing official missives:

• Esther 3:12
• Esther 8:8 (twice in verse)
• Esther 8:10 (+ חָתַם)

2. Ring as ornament

• Isaiah 3:21
• Exodus 35:22 (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 31:50 (Priests' Code)

3. Rings for sacred furniture

Most often (only in Exodus) of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture:

• Exodus 25:12 (3 times in verse) + 35 times in Exodus (all Priests' Code)

¹ William Muss-Arnolt, A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (1905).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: δακτυλίουσ '' δακτύλιον δύο δακτυλίῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2885:

δακτυλίουσ 20× (40.1%)

'' 12× (22.5%)

δακτύλιον 4× (7.5%)

δύο 3× (6.3%)

δακτυλίῳ 3× (5.6%)

---? 3× (5.3%)

εὐρεῖσ 2× (4.4%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

צלעו צַלְעוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צלע

tsêlâʻ

Definition

a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e. leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an object or the sky, i.e. quarter); architecturally, a (especially floor or ceiling) timber or plank (single or collective, i.e. a flooring)

Root

or (feminine) צלעה; from H6760 (צלע);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) צלעה; from צלע; a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e. leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an object or the sky, i.e. quarter); architecturally, a (especially floor or ceiling) timber or plank (single or collective, i.e. a flooring); beam, board, chamber, corner, leaf, plank, rib, side (chamber).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6763

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צֶלַע

noun feminine • Root צלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1233

1. A leaning, halting; metaphor. a fall, overthrow. 2. The side, slope, flank (of a mountain, tabernacle, altar, ark). 3. N. p. of a city in Benjamin.

Matched via consonantal key only

צָלַע

verb intransitive • Root צלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1233

To turn, incline, bend, to one side; hence to limp, to halt (used as participle צֹלֵעַ).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צֵלָע

f. noun • Page 569

1. a rib (Gen. 2:21, 22). 2. a side (Job 18:12; 20:10). sides or leaves of a folding door (1 K. 6:34). 3. a side-chamber of the temple (1 K. 6:3; Ezek. 41:6). 4. Plur. boards (1 K. 6:15, 16). 5. proper name of a city in the tribe of Benjamin (Josh. 18:28; 2 Sam. 21:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6763

I. צֵלָע (approximate number of occurrences: 41) noun feminine (masculine 1 Kings 6:34, and apparently Exodus 26:26) — rib, side.

— צֵלָע absolute Genesis 2:22 +; construct צֶ֫לַע Exodus 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע 2 Samuel 16:13; suffix צַלְעוֺ Exodus 25:12 +; plural צְלָעִים 1 Kings 6:34, צְלָעוֺת 1 Kings 6:3 +; construct צַלְעֹת Ezekiel 41:26 +; suffix צַלְעֹתָיו Genesis 2:21 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Rib of man

• Genesis 2:21–22 (Yahwist Source)

b. Rib of hill, i.e. ridge, or terrace

• 2 Samuel 16:13

c. Side-chambers or cells (enclosing temple like ribs)

• 1 Kings 6:5, 6 (read הַצּ׳ for הַיָּצוּעַ, see יָצִיעַ)
• 1 Kings 7:3
• Of Ezekiel's temple: Ezekiel 41:5 (10 times in Ezekiel 41) (on text see Cornill³, Toy⁴, Kraetzschmar⁵)

d. Ribs of cedar and fir, i.e. planks, boards (plural), of temple wall and floor

• 1 Kings 6:15–16

e. Leaves of door

• 1 Kings 6:34

f. Side (mostly in Priests' Code)

• Of ark (אֶרוֺן): Exodus 25:12 (twice), 14 = Exodus 37:3 (twice), 5
• Of tabernacle (מִשְׁכָּן): Exodus 26:20 (parallel מֵּאָה Exodus 26:18), 26, 27; Exodus 36:25 (parallel פ׳ Exodus 36:23), 31, 32; Exodus 26:35 (twice)
• Of altar: Exodus 27:7 = Exodus 38:7; Exodus 30:4 = Exodus 37:27

— Jeremiah 20:10; Job 18:12 see II. צלע.

¹ Yahwist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁴ C. H. Toy, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1899).

⁵ R. Kraetzschmar, Das Buch Ezechiel (1900).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πλευρῶν '' κλίτοσ πλευρᾶσ μέρουσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6763:

πλευρῶν 5× (11.6%)

'' 5× (11.6%)

κλίτοσ 5× (11.2%)

πλευρᾶσ 4× (9.3%)

μέρουσ 3× (7.8%)

πλευρὸν 3× (7.8%)

πλευρὰ 3× (6.1%)

κλίτει 2× (4.6%)

האחת הָאֶחָת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H259

I. אֶחָד (962 times) adjective — number one.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אחד
• Sabean idem
• compare D. H. Müller¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707
• Arabic أحد
• Ethiopic አሐድ
• Aramaic חַד
• Syriac ܚܕܐ
• on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Friedrich Delitzsch² Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139

— absolute אֶחָד Genesis 1:5; אַחַד Genesis 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1 Samuel 9:3 and elsewhere see S. R. Driver³; feminine absolute אַחַת Genesis 2:21 +; אֶחָת Genesis 11:1 +; construct אַחַת Deuteronomy 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 + 4 times; חַד Ezekiel 33:30 strike out C. H. Cornill⁴ compare אֲחָדִים.

1. Cardinal Number: One

• Genesis 1:9; Genesis 27:38, Genesis 27:45; Exodus 12:49; Joshua 23:10; 1 Samuel 1:24; 2 Samuel 12:3 +; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2 Samuel 17:3 for אִישׁ אֶחָד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one or two לֹא לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; as substantive followed by מִן Genesis 2:21; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13; Isaiah 34:16 +; הָאֶחָד Genesis 19:9; Genesis 42:13, Genesis 42:32; 2 Kings 6:3, 2 Kings 6:5 +; one and the same Genesis 40:5; Job 31:15; plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 compare Ezekiel 37:17 (absolute), but see C. H. Cornill⁴; = few, a few יָמִים אַחַדִים Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:20; Daniel 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judges 20:8; 1 Samuel 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Nehemiah 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Ecclesiastes 11:6; see especially Isaiah 65:25 (parallel to earlier יַחְדָּו Isaiah 11:6, Isaiah 11:7).

2. Distributive: Each, Every

• Exodus 36:30; Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:85; Numbers 28:21; 1 Kings 4:7; 2 Kings 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Numbers 7:11; Numbers 13:2; Numbers 17:21; Joshua 3:12; Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:4.

3. Indefinite: A Certain

• 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 18:10; 2 Kings 4:1; Esther 3:8; 2 Samuel 17:9 see S. R. Driver³ 1 Samuel 1:1; hence indefinite article 1 Samuel 6:7; 1 Samuel 24:15; 1 Samuel 26:20 (but strike out Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³) 1 Kings 19:4, 1 Kings 19:5 +.

4. Only

• 1 Kings 4:19; & (feminine) once 2 Kings 6:10; Psalm 62:12; Psalm 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לִשְׁלוֹשִׁים שָׁנִים 2 Chronicles 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת Leviticus 16:34 compare Job 40:5, מַעַם אֶחָת Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11 compare Joshua 6:14, בְּאַחַת Numbers 10:4; Job 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָת Proverbs 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמָה נְקָמָה אַחַת Judges 16:28.

Note: Numbers 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Proverbs 28:18 read probably with Paul de Lagarde⁶ Dy Bi בַּשָּׁבָחַת; Judges 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷). Jeremiah 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether.

5. One . . . Another, The One . . . The Other

• אֶחָד . . . אֶחָד Exodus 17:12; Exodus 18:3, Exodus 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2 Samuel 12:1; Jeremiah 24:2; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Nehemiah 4:11 +; 2 Samuel 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isaiah 27:12 compare Ecclesiastes 7:27.

6. Ordinal: First

• (mostly Priests' Code / Narrative and late) Genesis 1:5 (P) Genesis 2:11 (J) Exodus 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezekiel 10:14 especially of first day of month Exodus 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16, Ezra 10:17; Nehemiah 8:2; Haggai 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Daniel 1:21; Daniel 9:1, Daniel 9:2; Daniel 11:1 compare first (day, יוֹם omitted) Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:24; Numbers 1:18; Numbers 29:1; Numbers 33:38 (all P) Deuteronomy 1:3; 2 Chronicles 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 45:18.

7. In Combinations

• a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Genesis 32:23; Genesis 37:9 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Joshua 15:51 (P) 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:18; 2 Chronicles 36:5, 2 Chronicles 36:11; Jeremiah 52:1 (precedes noun, except Joshua 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1 compare 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְחֲמִשִּׁים מֵאוֹת Numbers 1:41; compare Numbers 2:16, Numbers 2:28; Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39 (all P; אֶחָד precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (אֶחָד following) 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:10; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 12:13 compare 2 Kings 22:1 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Kings 24:18 = Jeremiah 52:1 2 Chronicles 36:11; Joshua 12:24 (D) Isaiah 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:30 compare Nehemiah 7:37; Daniel 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשִׁשִּׁים מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 8:13 (P) Exodus 12:18 (P), 1 Chronicles 24:17; 1 Chronicles 25:28; 2 Chronicles 16:13 (אֶחָד preceding); but 1 Kings 16:23; Haggai 2:1 (אֶחָד following).

II. [אֶחָד] (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד. חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular חַד Daniel 2:31 +; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; — 1 one side Daniel 7:5; noun omitted Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so Syriac-Codex K 3, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; חַד = a certain one (τινά) Daniel 7:16 (with מִן partitive). 2 a (indefinite article) with substantive Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Theodor Nöldeke § 241 PS 1194; compare Exodus 16:5), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷ § 66, 2.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139.

³ S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Commentary on Ezekiel.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

⁶ Paul de Lagarde, Orientalia.

⁷ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Particle definite article, Adjective cardinal number feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

ושתי וּשְׁתֵּי

Most Beautiful One (Vashti)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Conjunction, Adjective cardinal number feminine dual construct

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

טבעת טַבָּעֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טבעת

ṭabbaʻath

Definition

properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind

Root

from H2883 (טבע);

Exhaustive

from טבע; properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), i.e. signet (for sealing); hence (generally) a ring of any kind; ring.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2885

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Strongs / High • Page 551

what presses into, hence a signet-ring.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טַבַּעַת

noun feminine • Root טבע • Page 260

1. A seal-ring, a signet (Gen. 41:42; Est. 3:10). 2. A ring generally, even without a seal, or not intended for the finger (Ex. 35:22 ff; 37:3 ff).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2885

I. טַבַּעַת (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun feminine — signet, signet-ring, ring.

Cognates:

• Assyrian ṭimbu’u (seal-ring)¹
• (on formation see Lag^{BN 88})

— טַבַּעַת absolute Exodus 26:24 (4 times); construct idem Esther 3:12 (4 times); suffix טַבַּעְתּוֹ Genesis 41:42 (3 times); plural absolute טַבָּעוֹת Isaiah 3:21, Exodus 28:23, טַבָּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (twice in verse) + 14 times; construct טַבְּעוֹת Exodus 28:23 (3 times), טַבְּעֹת Exodus 25:12 (13 times); suffix טַבְּעֹתָו Exodus 28:28, Exodus 39:21; טַבְּעֹתֵיהֶם Exodus 26:29; טַבְּעֹתָם Exodus 36:34.

1. Signet-ring

Of king, taken from his hand and given as token of authority:

• Genesis 41:42 (Elohist Source)
• Esther 3:10
• Esther 8:2

Used in sealing official missives:

• Esther 3:12
• Esther 8:8 (twice in verse)
• Esther 8:10 (+ חָתַם)

2. Ring as ornament

• Isaiah 3:21
• Exodus 35:22 (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 31:50 (Priests' Code)

3. Rings for sacred furniture

Most often (only in Exodus) of rings for staves of ark, for curtains, for ephod, and other sacred furniture:

• Exodus 25:12 (3 times in verse) + 35 times in Exodus (all Priests' Code)

¹ William Muss-Arnolt, A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (1905).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: δακτυλίουσ '' δακτύλιον δύο δακτυλίῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2885:

δακτυλίουσ 20× (40.1%)

'' 12× (22.5%)

δακτύλιον 4× (7.5%)

δύο 3× (6.3%)

δακτυλίῳ 3× (5.6%)

---? 3× (5.3%)

εὐρεῖσ 2× (4.4%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

צלעו צַלְעוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צלע

tsêlâʻ

Definition

a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e. leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an object or the sky, i.e. quarter); architecturally, a (especially floor or ceiling) timber or plank (single or collective, i.e. a flooring)

Root

or (feminine) צלעה; from H6760 (צלע);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) צלעה; from צלע; a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e. leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an object or the sky, i.e. quarter); architecturally, a (especially floor or ceiling) timber or plank (single or collective, i.e. a flooring); beam, board, chamber, corner, leaf, plank, rib, side (chamber).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6763

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צֶלַע

noun feminine • Root צלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1233

1. A leaning, halting; metaphor. a fall, overthrow. 2. The side, slope, flank (of a mountain, tabernacle, altar, ark). 3. N. p. of a city in Benjamin.

Matched via consonantal key only

צָלַע

verb intransitive • Root צלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1233

To turn, incline, bend, to one side; hence to limp, to halt (used as participle צֹלֵעַ).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צֵלָע

f. noun • Page 569

1. a rib (Gen. 2:21, 22). 2. a side (Job 18:12; 20:10). sides or leaves of a folding door (1 K. 6:34). 3. a side-chamber of the temple (1 K. 6:3; Ezek. 41:6). 4. Plur. boards (1 K. 6:15, 16). 5. proper name of a city in the tribe of Benjamin (Josh. 18:28; 2 Sam. 21:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6763

I. צֵלָע (approximate number of occurrences: 41) noun feminine (masculine 1 Kings 6:34, and apparently Exodus 26:26) — rib, side.

— צֵלָע absolute Genesis 2:22 +; construct צֶ֫לַע Exodus 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע 2 Samuel 16:13; suffix צַלְעוֺ Exodus 25:12 +; plural צְלָעִים 1 Kings 6:34, צְלָעוֺת 1 Kings 6:3 +; construct צַלְעֹת Ezekiel 41:26 +; suffix צַלְעֹתָיו Genesis 2:21 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Rib of man

• Genesis 2:21–22 (Yahwist Source)

b. Rib of hill, i.e. ridge, or terrace

• 2 Samuel 16:13

c. Side-chambers or cells (enclosing temple like ribs)

• 1 Kings 6:5, 6 (read הַצּ׳ for הַיָּצוּעַ, see יָצִיעַ)
• 1 Kings 7:3
• Of Ezekiel's temple: Ezekiel 41:5 (10 times in Ezekiel 41) (on text see Cornill³, Toy⁴, Kraetzschmar⁵)

d. Ribs of cedar and fir, i.e. planks, boards (plural), of temple wall and floor

• 1 Kings 6:15–16

e. Leaves of door

• 1 Kings 6:34

f. Side (mostly in Priests' Code)

• Of ark (אֶרוֺן): Exodus 25:12 (twice), 14 = Exodus 37:3 (twice), 5
• Of tabernacle (מִשְׁכָּן): Exodus 26:20 (parallel מֵּאָה Exodus 26:18), 26, 27; Exodus 36:25 (parallel פ׳ Exodus 36:23), 31, 32; Exodus 26:35 (twice)
• Of altar: Exodus 27:7 = Exodus 38:7; Exodus 30:4 = Exodus 37:27

— Jeremiah 20:10; Job 18:12 see II. צלע.

¹ Yahwist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁴ C. H. Toy, The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (1899).

⁵ R. Kraetzschmar, Das Buch Ezechiel (1900).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πλευρῶν '' κλίτοσ πλευρᾶσ μέρουσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6763:

πλευρῶν 5× (11.6%)

'' 5× (11.6%)

κλίτοσ 5× (11.2%)

πλευρᾶσ 4× (9.3%)

μέρουσ 3× (7.8%)

πλευρὸν 3× (7.8%)

πλευρὰ 3× (6.1%)

κλίτει 2× (4.6%)

השנית הָשֵּׁנִית׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שני

shênîy

Definition

properly, double, i.e. second; also adverbially, again

Root

from H8138 (שנה);

Exhaustive

from שנה; properly, double, i.e. second; also adverbially, again; again, either (of them), (an-) other, second (time).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8145

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנִי

adjective / numeral • Root שנה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1459

Second (adjective derived from the numeral two). Used in combinations to denote twelve (e.g., שְׁנֵי עָשָׂר).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שְׁנִי

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 1460

Crimson stuff or yarn; threads and cords coloured with crimson. Used figuratively for splendid garments.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שְׁנִי

numeral ordinal • Consonantal / Low • Page 1460

1. The second (masculine form); 2. Also an adverb meaning again, iterum, altera vice; 3. Second rank (regarded as excellent).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁנִי

m. prop. • Root שנה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1459

Crimson dye or color, obtained from the coccus-insect (Coccus ilicis). Literally, 'the shining, light-giving thing.'

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁנִי

fem. שֵׁנִית • Page 691

second. Also used adverbially, a second time. References: Gen. 22: 15; 41: 5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8145

I. שֵׁנִי (approximate number of occurrences: 157) masculine, שֵׁנִית feminine adjective ordinal number — second.

Cognates:

• Aramaic (Targum) תנא
• Syriac תנא
• Biblical Hebrew שָׁנָה II
• Biblical Hebrew שְׁנַיִם

— בַּיּוֺם הַשֵּׁנִי Exodus 2:13 + etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times; Nehemiah 3:30 read שֵׁנִית; read also וְהַשֵּׁנִי 1 Chronicles 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Genesis 47:18 + etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Nehemiah 3:30 see above); שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִית Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:33, Leviticus 13:54 a second heptad of days.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. A second time (adverbial)

• שֵׁנִית = a second time Genesis 22:15 (16 times)
• As again, of a similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series: Ezekiel 4:6; Malachi 2:13
• וְהַשֵּׁנִית 2 Samuel 16:19

b. Plural usage

• plural שְׁנִיִּם Numbers 2:16 they shall set out as second
• Genesis 6:16 second stories (in the ark)

Particle definite article, Adjective ordinal number feminine singular absolute

LXX: δεύτερον δευτέρῳ δεύτεροσ δευτέρου δευτέρᾳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8145:

δεύτερον 36× (24.1%)

δευτέρῳ 29× (18.4%)

δεύτεροσ 19× (12.2%)

δευτέρου 18× (11.6%)

δευτέρᾳ 16× (10.1%)

'' 9× (5.7%)

--- 7× (5.3%)

δευτέρασ 4× (2.6%)

δευτέραν 3× (2.0%)

δευτέρα 2× (1.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And thou shalt cast to at four rings of gold, and give upon its four steps: and two rings upon its one side, and two rings upon its second side.

LITV Translation:
And you shall cast four rings of gold for it, and shall put it on its four feet; two rings on the one side, and two rings on the second side.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And thou shalt cast for it four golden rings, and shalt put them on the four sides; two rings on the one side, and two rings on the other side.