Esther 8:13

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

פתשגן פַּתְשֶׁגֶן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרשגן

parshegen

Definition

a transcript

Root

or פתשגן; of foreign origin;

Exhaustive

or פתשגן; of foreign origin; a transcript; copy.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6572

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּרְשֶׁגֶן

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1199

A copy, of a royal mandate, a transcript, coupled with נִשְׁתְּוָן. Seems to be of Old Persian origin.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּרְשֶׁגֶן

m. heb. and chald. • Page 556

a copy. Ezra 4:11, 23. 5:6. 7:11. (Also in the Targums.) Instead of it we find פַּתְשֶׁגֶן Est. 3:14. 4:8.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: διασάφησισ ἀντίγραφα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6572b:

διασάφησισ 2× (31.9%)

ἀντίγραφα 2× (24.1%)

הכתב הַכְּתָ֗ב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כתב

kâthâb

Definition

something written, i.e. a writing, record or book

Root

from H3789 (כתב);

Exhaustive

from כתב; something written, i.e. a writing, record or book; register, scripture, writing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3791

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲכַתְּבָה

verb • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

I will write (voluntative).

כְּתַב

verb (aramaic) • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

To write, write down, commit to writing.

כְּתָב

noun / masculine • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

1. A civic book, family book, register, or written law (the Pentateuch). 2. A writing, a written character. 3. A letter.

כְּתָב

noun / masculine (aramaic) • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

A catalogue, register.

כִּתֵּב

verb • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

To write down, to decree a sentence; of legislative determinations.

כָּתַב

verb • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

To write down, inscribe, record; to enroll in a register; in a judicial sense, to decree a punitive process; to prescribe; to subscribe.

כָּתַב

verb • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 747

To grave, to cut in (a wooden tablet), to work in with the chisel (in stone or metal); hence, to write. It is also used to mean 'to inscribe', for instance, a name on a hand to denote ownership or allegiance.

כְּתֹבֶת

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 749

A writing, specifically of characters burnt into the skin (Lev. 19:28). Also a Phenician term for a prescription.

מִכְתָּב

noun masculine • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 850

A writing of a judicial sentence, a written sentence.

מִכְתָּב

noun masculine • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 850

A writing, equivalent to a book; a letter; a written document; a poem, song; written characters.

נִכְתַּב

verb • Root כתב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 748

To be written, inscribed, enrolled; to be written down.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: '' γραφὴν γραφῇ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3791:

'' 4× (13.6%)

γραφὴν 3× (10.8%)

'' 3× (10.2%)

γραφῇ 3× (9.6%)

--- 2× (8.0%)

להנתן לְהִנָּתֵן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

Preposition, Verb Niphal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

דת דָּת

edict/official rule

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דת

dâth

Definition

a royal edict or statute

Root

of uncertain (perhaps foreign) derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain (perhaps foreign) derivation; a royal edict or statute; commandment, commission, decree, law, manner.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1881

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּת

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 381

A command, a royal one; a legal prescription, a law; collectively laws, rights. A late Hebrew word from Aramaean.

דָּת

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 382

Aramaic. A firman, command; an agreement, plan; an edict, law; religion; sacrificial prescriptions; sacrificial times.

דָּת

noun feminine • Root דות דית • Strongs / High • Page 382

A spring.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּת

noun feminine • Page 176

1. law, a law (Est. 1:13, 15, 19). 2. an order made public, an edict (Est. 3:14, 8:13, 9:14). Word appears to be of Persian origin. 3. fire of the law (Deut. 33:2).

דָּת

f. chald. • Root דת • Page 176

1. law (Dan. 6:9, 13, 16). 2. religion, religious rites (Dan. 6:6). 3. edict, decree (Dan. 2:13, 15). 4. meaning, purpose (Dan. 2:9).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: νόμον '' --- ἐξετίθετο

LXX Usage Statistics

H1881:

νόμον 4× (11.8%)

νόμον 3× (8.1%)

'' 3× (7.2%)

--- 2× (6.4%)

ἐξετίθετο 2× (6.4%)

νόμου 2× (5.9%)

πρόσταγμα 2× (5.4%)

νόμουσ 2× (4.5%)

בכל בְּכָל־

within the whole

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

מדינה מְדִינָה

jurisdiction/dominion

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מדינה

mᵉdîynâh

Definition

properly, a judgeship, i.e. jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

Root

from H1777 (דין);

Exhaustive

from דין; properly, a judgeship, i.e. jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region; ([idiom] every) province.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4082

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְדִינָה

noun feminine • Root דין • Strongs / High • Page 813

A late word, properly meaning judgment or jurisdiction, then a satrapy or province.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְדִינָה

f. verbal • Root דין • Page 357

Literally a jurisdiction; hence 1. a province (e.g., district of the Persian empire, Est. 1: 1); 2. a land, country (Dan. 11: 24).

מְדִינָה

f. chald. • Page 357

1. a province (Dan. 3: 2, 3); 2. a land, country (Dan. 2: 48, 49).

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: χώραν χωρῶν βασιλείᾳ χώρᾳ χώραισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4082:

χώραν 8× (11.6%)

χωρῶν 7× (10.2%)

βασιλείᾳ 7× (9.9%)

χώρᾳ 4× (6.3%)

χώραισ 4× (6.3%)

χώρασ 4× (5.8%)

σατραπείαισ 3× (5.1%)

'' 3× (4.4%)

σατραπῶν 3× (4.4%)

χώρασ 3× (4.4%)

ומדינה וּמְדִינָה

and a jurisdiction/dominion

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדינה

mᵉdîynâh

Definition

properly, a judgeship, i.e. jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

Root

from H1777 (דין);

Exhaustive

from דין; properly, a judgeship, i.e. jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region; ([idiom] every) province.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4082

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְדִינָה

noun feminine • Root דין • Strongs / High • Page 813

A late word, properly meaning judgment or jurisdiction, then a satrapy or province.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְדִינָה

f. verbal • Root דין • Page 357

Literally a jurisdiction; hence 1. a province (e.g., district of the Persian empire, Est. 1: 1); 2. a land, country (Dan. 11: 24).

מְדִינָה

f. chald. • Page 357

1. a province (Dan. 3: 2, 3); 2. a land, country (Dan. 2: 48, 49).

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: χώραν χωρῶν βασιλείᾳ χώρᾳ χώραισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4082:

χώραν 8× (11.6%)

χωρῶν 7× (10.2%)

βασιλείᾳ 7× (9.9%)

χώρᾳ 4× (6.3%)

χώραισ 4× (6.3%)

χώρασ 4× (5.8%)

σατραπείαισ 3× (5.1%)

'' 3× (4.4%)

σατραπῶν 3× (4.4%)

χώρασ 3× (4.4%)

גלוי גָּלוּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גלה

gâlâh

Definition

to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal; [phrase] advertise, appear, bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity), depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, [idiom] plainly, publish, remove, reveal, [idiom] shamelessly, shew, [idiom] surely, tell, uncover.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1540

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Strongs / High • Page 324

(I) A verb meaning to make bare, naked, or bald. It extends to meanings like to smooth, polish, uncover, and figuratively to lay open, unveil, reveal, communicate, or make known. To 'open the ear' means to reveal something.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Page 139

1. Kal: To uncover, open, disclose, reveal. Used for uncovering the ear (1 Sam. 9:15) or opening the eyes (Num. 22:31), and revealing secrets (Amos 3:7). 2. Pi.: To uncover, make bare (Ruth 3:4), or uncover nakedness (Lev. 18:6). 3. Pu.: pass. (Nah. 2:8). 4. Niph.: To be uncovered (Ex. 20:26), to be removed (Jer. 13:21), or to reveal oneself (1 Sam. 14:8; Gen. 35:7).

גֶּלָה

proper name • Page 140

Proper name of a city in the hilly country of the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:51, 2 Sam. 15:12). Gentile noun is גִּילֹנִי.

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Page 140

II. 1. To remove, emigrate, go into exile or captivity (Ezek. 12:3, 2 K. 17:23). 2. Figuratively to disappear, vanish, cease (1 Sam. 4:21, Is. 24:11). Includes Niph. pass. of Hiph., Hiph. to carry a people into captivity (2 K. 15:29), and Hoph. i. q. Kal.

גָּלָה

noun • Page 140

See גּוֹלָה captivity.

גֻּלָּה

f. verbal • Root גלל • Page 140

1. A spring (Josh. 15:19, Judg. 1:15). 2. Oil-cup or oil-vessel in a sacred chandelier (Zech. 4:3, Ecc. 12:6). 3. In architecture, the name of some part of the chapiter of a pillar, the bowl (1 K. 7:41, 42).

Verb Qal participle passive masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἀποκαλύψεισ ἀπῴκισεν ἀπεκάλυψεν '' ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1540:

ἀποκαλύψεισ 15× (7.6%)

ἀπῴκισεν 13× (6.1%)

ἀπεκάλυψεν 13× (6.4%)

'' 10× (4.4%)

--- 6× (3.1%)

ἀποκαλύψω 6× (2.8%)

ἀπεκαλύφθη 5× (2.5%)

αἰχμάλωτοσ 5× (2.4%)

ἀποκαλύψαι 4× (2.1%)

ἀπεκάλυψαν 4× (2.1%)

לכל לְכָל־

to all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

העמים הָעַמּים

the Peoples

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

ולהיות וְלִהְיוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

היהודיים הַיְּהוּדִיִּים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יהודי

Yᵉhûwdîy

Definition

a Jehudite (i.e. Judaite or Jew), or descendant of Jehudah (i.e. Judah)

Root

patronymically from H3063 (יהודה);

Exhaustive

patronymically from יהודה; a Jehudite (i.e. Judaite or Jew), or descendant of Jehudah (i.e. Judah); Jew.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3064

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוּדִי

gent. m. • Strongs / High • Page 589

A member of the kingdom of Judah, a Judahite. In the post-exile sense, a Jew, one who professes Judaism.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוּדִי

gentile noun / adjective • Root יהודה • Page 275

A Jew or Jewess, one belonging to the tribe of Judah; a citizen of the kingdom of Judah; or after the captivity, an Israelite or Hebrew generally.

Particle definite article, Noun gentilic masculine plural absolute

LXX: ιουδαίουσ ιουδαῖοι ιουδαίοισ ιουδαίων ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3064:

ιουδαίουσ 14× (15.6%)

ιουδαῖοι 13× (13.7%)

ιουδαίοισ 12× (13.0%)

ιουδαίων 9× (9.8%)

--- 8× (10.5%)

'' 7× (7.8%)

ιουδαίων 4× (4.5%)

αὐτούσ 2× (2.6%)

ιουδα 2× (2.6%)

ιουδαῖοσ 2× (2.4%)

עתודים עֲתוּדִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עתוד

ʻâthûwd

Definition

prepared

Root

passive participle of H6257 (עתד);

Exhaustive

passive participle of עתד; prepared; ready.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָתוּד

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1148

ready, prepared (same as עָתִיד).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָתוּד

adjective • Page 533

i.q. עָתִיד ready, prepared. Is. 10: 13 Keri. Est. 8: 13 Keth.

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6259:

No stats available

ליום לַיּוֹם

to a day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

Preposition -For/Into Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

הזה הַזּה

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Particle definite article, Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

להנקם לְהִנָּקֵם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נקם

nâqam

Definition

to grudge, i.e. avenge or punish

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to grudge, i.e. avenge or punish; avenge(-r, self), punish, revenge (self), [idiom] surely, take vengeance.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5358

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָקַם

verb • Root נקם • Strongs / High • Page 989

Properly intransitive: to pant, to be violently zealous, to be excited, to be angry. Metaphorically: to scold, to punish, to curse; in general to avenge, to take vengeance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָקַם

verb • Root נקם • Page 456

to avenge, revenge, to take revenge. Lev. 19 : 18. Construed (1.) with an accus. of the person or thing for which the revenge is taken, Deut. 32: 43. 1 Sam. 24: 23. (2.) with מִן of the person or thing on which revenge is taken, 1 Sam. 24: 13. Niph. 1. to revenge one's self. Ezek. 25: 15.

Preposition, Verb Niphal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐκδικῶν ἐκδικήσει ἐκδικήσω ἐκδικῆσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H5358:

ἐκδικῶν 4× (10.6%)

ἐκδικήσει 3× (8.6%)

ἐκδικήσω 3× (7.3%)

ἐκδικῆσαι 3× (7.3%)

מאיביהם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איב

ʼôyêb

Definition

hating; an adversary

Root

or (fully) אויב; active participle of H340 (איב);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אויב; active participle of איב; hating; an adversary; enemy, foe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H341

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹיֵב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 110

enemy, hater, opposer in the widest sense

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹיֵב

particle • Root איב • Page 43

Part. enemy, adversary, Gen. 22: 17. 49: 8. Fem. אֹיֶבֶת female adversary, Mic. 7: 8, 10.

Prep-M, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0341:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The copy of the writing to be given an edict in every province and province, revealed to all the peoples, and for the Jews to be ready for this day to avenge themselves of their enemies.

LITV Translation:
The copy of the writing to be made law in every province was openly revealed to all peoples, even to the Jews being ready for this day, to avenge themselves on their enemies.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And let the copies be posted in conspicuous places throughout the kingdom, and let all the Jews be ready against this day, to fight against their enemies.