Ecclesiastes 11:4

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

שמר שֹׁמֵר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמר

shâmar

Definition

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.; beward, be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark, look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save (self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8104

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַר

verb • Root שמר • Strongs / High • Page 1452

I. (Verb) 1. To pierce, prick (of sharp points); metaphorically, to have a penetrating, sharp smell or pungent taste. 2. To be nimble or active, to act quickly, to be awake. 3. To keep, to watch (a garden, city, flock); to protect (fig., to be careful about one's speech).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַר

verb • Root שמר • Page 688

1. to keep, watch, guard. 1 Sam. 26:15, Ps. 121:7. Part. שֹׁמֵר a watchman, guard, Cant. 3:3. 2. to keep, preserve, lay up. Ex. 22:6. 3. to keep or retain (anger). Amos 1:11. 4. to watch, mark, observe. 1 Sam. 1:12, Ps. 17:4. 5. to observe, keep (e.g. a covenant, commands). Gen. 17:9, 1 K. 11:10. 6. to worship, reverence. Ps. 31:7, Hos. 4:10. 7. to watch, besiege (a city). 2 Sam. 11:16. Niph. to beware of, to be guarded. Josh. 6:18, Ps. 37:28. Pi. i. q. Kal. Jon. 2:9. Hithpa. to be observed. Mic. 6:16.

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular construct

LXX: φυλάσσειν φυλάξεσθε φυλάσσων φυλάξῃ ἐφύλαξεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8104:

φυλάσσειν 29× (6.0%)

φυλάξεσθε 26× (5.2%)

φυλάσσων 18× (3.3%)

φυλάξῃ 16× (3.2%)

ἐφύλαξεν 14× (2.9%)

φυλάσσοντεσ 14× (2.8%)

πρόσεχε 14× (3.1%)

φυλάξω 13× (2.6%)

φυλάξασθε 12× (2.5%)

φύλαξαι 11× (2.4%)

רוח רוּחַ

spirit

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רוח

rûwach

Definition

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)

Root

from H7306 (רוח);

Exhaustive

from רוח; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions); air, anger, blast, breath, [idiom] cool, courage, mind, [idiom] quarter, [idiom] side, spirit(-ual), tempest, [idiom] vain, (whirl-) wind(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7307

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1325

To be extended, wide, broad, roomy; to be well, unrestrained, alleviated, easy, refreshed.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(Kal unused) intr. To breathe, to blow (of wind); to smell, of plants and scents; hence sometimes to breathe, to draw breath, generally to live and move; also fig. to have or feel pleasure in it, to perceive, to smell.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(II. not used) intr. to go, to wander; adopted for יָרַח, יָרַד and the proper name יָרִיחַ (wanderer).

רוּחַ

noun feminine / m. • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

1. The blowing, air, wind (breeze or storm); quarter, region, district (Metaphor). 2. The breath (often associated with anger/wrath, or word/oracle) or quick vanishing breath/nothingness/vanity. 3. Breath of life, animal life, anima, spirit (including sensuous feelings, passions, or moving force/restlessness).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רוּחַ

hiph. • Page 610

To smell. See רֵיחַ

רוּחַ

com. gen. • Page 610

1. Wind, air in motion (Gen. 8:1; Job 1:19); also the four quarters of heaven (Ezek. 37:9). 2. A breathing or exhalation; a breath (Job 7:7), creative power (Ps. 33:6), or vital breath in men and animals (Gen. 6:17). 3. A snuffing (of the nose), hence anger (Judg. 8:3). 4. The anima or animal soul, the vital principle (1 Sam. 30:12; Judg. 15:19).

רוּחַ

noun feminine • Page 611

The spirit, considered as coming from God; metaphorically a principle of life (Ezek. 10:17). The rational soul (animus), mind, intellect (Gen. 41:8). Inclination or disposition (Num. 5:14, Hos. 4:12). The Spirit of God or Jehovah, denoting life-giving power in men and nature (Gen. 1:3, Ps. 104:30), and the source of extraordinary gifts and prophecy (Num. 24:2, 1 Sam. 10:6).

רוּחַ

chald. n. • Page 611

1. wind. 2. a spirit.

רוּחַ

verb • Page 611

To be or become wide. Impers. 'I find room, I am relieved' (Job 32:20). Pu. מְרֻוָּח: wide, spacious (Jer. 22:14).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πνεῦμα πνεύματι πνεύματοσ πνεῦμά ἄνεμον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7307:

πνεῦμα 169× (43.2%)

πνεύματι 31× (7.3%)

πνεύματοσ 27× (7.1%)

πνεῦμά 21× (4.9%)

ἄνεμον 14× (3.7%)

ἄνεμοσ 9× (2.2%)

ἀνέμου 7× (1.9%)

'' 6× (1.4%)

ἀνέμουσ 6× (1.7%)

--- 5× (1.4%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יזרע יִזְרָע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זרע

zâraʻ

Definition

to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify; bear, conceive seed, set with sow(-er), yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2232

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָרַע

verb • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 446

1. to strew, to scatter, to disperse, i.e. to banish a people; figurat. to disseminate, to spread. 2. to scatter seed, to sow; figurat. to practise.

זָרַע

verb • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 446

(not used) intr. to lift, to carry, to hold.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָרַע

verb • Page 209

1. to sow (Judg. 6:3, Gen. 47:23). 2. to scatter, disperse (Zech. 10:9). 3. to set out or plant a branch (Is. 17:10). Niph. to be sown (Lev. 11:37), to be made fruitful (Num. 5:28). Hiph. to conceive (Lev. 12:2).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: σπερεῖσ σπέρμα σπεῖρον σπαρήσεται σπείρατε

LXX Usage Statistics

H2232:

σπερεῖσ 4× (7.3%)

σπέρμα 4× (7.0%)

σπεῖρον 3× (5.5%)

σπαρήσεται 3× (5.5%)

σπείρατε 3× (5.2%)

ἔσπειρεν 3× (5.2%)

σπερεῖτε 3× (4.9%)

σπερῶ 3× (4.7%)

σπείροντεσ 3× (4.4%)

σπείρῃσ 2× (3.7%)

וראה וְרֹאֶה

he has seen/see

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ראה

râʼâh

Definition

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative); advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7200

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To see, look, behold, or observe (physical act); to perceive, experience, or know (metaphorical); of prophets, to have revelations; to live/exist (to see light); to inspect, examine, try; to regard, consider, trust, or choose/appoint.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To be seen, but when used with a negative, to disappear, to be invisible (only 3 pl. fem. is attested as רָאֲתָה).

רָאָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1309

To see, look, perceive, appear; sometimes the object follows in a clause introduced by כִּי; to cause to look upon with a mischievous pleasure; to cause one to feel or experience, good or evil; to enjoy.

רָאָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1309

The name of a bird of prey, probably named from its keen sight.

רָאָה

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1309

Seeing.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1307

1. Intransitive: to see, to look, to view. 2. Transitive: to see, with the accusative. Often meaning to perceive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Page 601

To see, look. 1. to see, look (Ps. 64:6, Ex. 5:21, Mal. 3:18). 2. to view with interest or sympathy, to rejoice in a thing (Job 3:9, Ps. 22:18, Ps. 112:8). 3. to look on, to view (Lev. 13:3); specifically of God looking on to relieve affliction (Ex. 4:31, Ps. 9:14). 4. to look or see to a thing, to take care for it (Gen. 39:23, 1 K. 12:16). 5. to see, know, discern (Jer. 20:12, Ecc. 1:16). 6. to visit (2 Sam. 13:5, 2 K. 8:29). 7. to choose, select (Gen. 22:8); passive participle רָאוּי means select or chosen (Est. 2:9). 8. to see or experience good, evil, life, or death (Ps. 34:13, Ecc. 9:9, Ps. 89:49).

רָאָה

verb • Page 602

found only Deut. 14:13. prob. a corrupted reading for דַּיָּה, as in the parallel passage Lev. 11:14.

Conjunction, Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: εἶδεν εἶδον ὄψεται ἰδεῖν ἴδετε

LXX Usage Statistics

H7200:

εἶδεν 159× (11.3%)

εἶδον 154× (11.3%)

ὄψεται 52× (3.8%)

ἰδεῖν 51× (3.6%)

ἴδετε 43× (3.1%)

ἰδὲ 42× (3.0%)

ἰδὼν 34× (2.5%)

ὄψονται 33× (2.5%)

ὤφθη 28× (2.1%)

ἰδοὺ 24× (1.9%)

בעבים בֶעָבים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עב

ʻâb

Definition

properly, an envelope, i.e. darkness (or density, 2 Chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse

Root

(masculine and feminine); from H5743 (עוב);

Exhaustive

(masculine and feminine); from עוב; properly, an envelope, i.e. darkness (or density, 2 Chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse; clay, (thick) cloud, [idiom] thick, thicket. Compare עבי.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5645

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָב

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1042

The veiling, covering; hence darkness of clouds, darkness, a thick cloud. Also collection of swift flight and of swiftness generally; evanescence. Ideas of veiling or covering are often transferred to darkness, obscurity, cloud.

עָב

stem / form • Strongs / High • Page 1042

See עָבוּב as a noun.

עָב

stem / form • Strongs / High • Page 1042

See עָבוּב as a noun.

עָב

noun feminine • Root עבה • Strongs / High • Page 1045

(Only plural עָבִים) Same as עָב (I.), darkness of clouds, clouds.

עָב

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1045

(Plural construct עַבֵּי) Adjective/Substantive. Thick, firm, of earth; thickness. I.e. firm ground prepared for a mould to cast in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֹב

noun masculine • Page 485

An architectural term, probably a threshold, forming the entrance to a colonnade or temple (1 K. 7:6; Ezek. 41:25). Plural: עָבִים.

עָב

com. gen. • Root עוב עיב • Page 485

1. Darkness (Ex. 19:9, Ps. 18:12). 2. A cloud itself (Job 36:29, 37:11, 16). 3. A thicket of a wood (Jer. 4:29).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: νεφέλαισ νέφη ---% ὡσ νεφέλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5645:

νεφέλαισ 7× (15.3%)

νέφη 4× (9.8%)

---% 4× (8.2%)

ὡσ 3× (7.5%)

νεφέλη 3× (7.1%)

νεφέλαι 3× (6.7%)

νέφοσ 3× (6.7%)

νεφῶν 2× (5.3%)

pἐν 2× (5.3%)

νεφέλησ 2× (5.3%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יקצור יִקְצוֹר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קצר

qâtsar

Definition

to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain); [idiom] at all, cut down, much discouraged, grieve, harvestman, lothe, mourn, reap(-er), (be, wax) short(-en, -er), straiten, trouble, vex.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7114

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1291

tr. 1. to cut off, to reap, grain. 2. to lessen, to crop, to shorten.

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

To be short, curtailed. (Intransitive meaning related to being short/brief in patience or duration.)

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

II. (Not used) intransitive; same as another verb (which see), meaning to sprout, to grow.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Page 593

1. to cut down, particularly grain; hence to mow, reap (Jer. 12:13, Lev. 19:9). 2. intrans. to be short (Is. 28:20); also to be weak (Num. 11:23) or impatient (Num. 21:4).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: θερίζοντασ ὠλιγοψύχησεν θεριζόντων ἰσχύει θεριοῦσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7114b:

θερίζοντασ 3× (5.4%)

ὠλιγοψύχησεν 3× (5.4%)

θεριζόντων 3× (5.4%)

ἰσχύει 3× (5.0%)

θεριοῦσιν 2× (4.2%)

θερίσει 2× (4.2%)

ἀμήσῃσ 2× (4.2%)

θερίζειν 2× (3.3%)

θερίζητε 2× (3.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
He watching the wind shall not sow; and he looking in the clouds, shall not reap.

LITV Translation:
He who watches the wind shall not sow. And he who looks at the clouds shall not reap.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
He that observes the wind sows not; And he that looks at the clouds will not reap.