Deuteronomy 4:4

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואתם וְאַתֶּם

and you

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אתה

ʼattâh

Definition

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

Root

or (shortened); את; or את; feminine (irregular) sometimes אתי; plural masculine אתם; feminine אתן; or אתנהlemma אתנה missing vowel, corrected to אתנה; or אתנה; a primitive pronoun of the second person;

Exhaustive

or (shortened); את; or את; feminine (irregular) sometimes אתי; plural masculine אתם; feminine אתן; or אתנהlemma אתנה missing vowel, corrected to אתנה; or אתנה; a primitive pronoun of the second person; thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you; thee, thou, ye, you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H859

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלִיאָתָה

noun proper masculine • Root איות • Lemma_Lookup • Page 138

Proper name masculine, 'El is [coming/consent]'.

אַתָּה

pronoun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

Personal pronoun (2nd person) m. thou (you).

אָתָה

verb • Root אתה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 209

To come.

אָתָה

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

(not used) should be assumed for the noun אָתוֹן (she-ass); but according to others אָתַן is the stem.

אָתָה

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 210

See אֲתָא.

אִתְהַעְבַּד

verb pael • Root עבד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1043

To be made to serve; to be made into; to be done.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַנְתָּה

pronoun • Page 62

thou. Found only in biblical Chaldee.

אֲתָה

chald. v. • Page 82

to come (Dan. 7:22). Aph. הַיְתִי 'to bring' (Dan. 3:13). Pass. היתִי 'be brought' (Dan. 3:13).

אַתָּה

pronoun personal • Page 82

thou (masc.). The Dagesh forte stands for an assimilated Nun. Occurs without final He five times (Eccl. 7:22, Job 1:10, etc.). Comp. fem. אַתְּ, and plur. אַתֶּם, אַתֶּן.

Conjunction, Pronoun personal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0859d:

No stats available

הדבקים הָדְּבֵקִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דבק

dâbêq

Definition

adhering

Root

from H1692 (דבק);

Exhaustive

from דבק; adhering; cleave, joining, stick closer.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1695

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּבֵק

adjective / masculine • Root דבק • Strongs / High • Page 350

cleaving, adhering to; faithful; attached.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבֵק

verb • Root דבק • Page 153

Cleaving, adhering. 2 K. 3:3; Prov. 18:24.

דֶּבֶק

m. verbal n. • Root דבק • Page 153

1. The soldering or welding of metals. Is. 41:7. 2. plur. דְּבָקִים (1 K. 22:34; 2 Chr. 18:33) probably the joints of the coat of mail.

דְּבַק

chald. [v.] • Root דבק • Page 153

Idem (meaning the same as the Hebrew counterpart, to cleave or adhere). Dan. 2:43.

דָּבַק

verb • Root דבק • Page 152

1. To cleave, stick to, or adhere (Ps. 102:6, Lam. 4:4). 2. To attach oneself to a person, to keep by them, or to love (Ruth 2:8, 21; Deut. 10:20). 3. To overtake someone (Gen. 19:19, Deut. 28:60). Includes passive Pu. 'to cleave together' and causative Hiph. 'to cause to stick' or 'to pursue'.

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1695:

No stats available

ביהוה בַּיהוָה

within He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

אלהיכם אֱלֹהֵיכֶם

mighty ones of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

חיים חַיִּים

living ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416a:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

כלכם כֻּלְּכֶם

the whole of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

היום הָיּוֹם׃

the Day/Today

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And ye cleaving to Jehovah your God, are living all of you this day.

LITV Translation:
And you who held fast to Jehovah your God are alive today, all of you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
But ye that kept close to the Lord your God are all alive today.