Deuteronomy 32:41

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

אם אִם־

if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

שנותי שַׁנּוֹתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנן

shânan

Definition

to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate; prick, sharp(-en), teach diligently, whet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8150

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁנַן

verb transitive • Strongs / High • Page 1460

To sharpen, to point (transitive, Qal stem); figuratively used of the tongue, in order to calumniate.

שָׁנַן

pih. • Strongs / High • Page 1460

To inculcate, impress, teach repeatedly, to repeat (Piel stem).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁנַן

verb • Page 691

to sharpen (e.g., a sword or tongue); to speak in a sharp insulting manner. Pi.: to inculcate. Hithpo.: to be penetrated or pierced. References: Deut. 32: 41; Ps. 64: 4; 140: 4; Ps. 45: 5; Is. 5: 28; Deut. 6: 7; Ps. 73: 21.

Verb Qal perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἠκονημένα ἠκόνησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8150:

ἠκονημένα 2× (19.2%)

ἠκόνησαν 2× (19.2%)

ברק בְּרַק

Lightning (Barak)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ברק

bârâq

Definition

lightning; by analogy, a gleam; concretely, a flashing sword

Root

from H1299 (ברק);

Exhaustive

from ברק; lightning; by analogy, a gleam; concretely, a flashing sword; bright, glitter(-ing sword), lightning.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1300

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּרַק

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 282

(not used) intr. 1. to shine, glitter, lighten. 2. to burn.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּרָק

noun masculine • Root ברק • Consonantal / Medium • Page 282

1. lightning. 2. splendour, fulgor. 3. proper name m. Barak.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּרַק

verb • Page 117

To lighten, send forth lightning. Ps. 144:6. (Also in Syr. and Arab.)

בָּרָק

m. verbal / dec. iv. a. • Root ברק • Page 117

1. Lightning, a flash of lightning. Ex. 19:16. Spoken figuratively of the sword, בְּרַק חֶרֶב (the glittering of my sword), Deut. 32:41, Job 20:25, Ezek. 21:15, 20. Plur. בְּרָקִים (lightnings).

בָּרָק

proper name • Page 117

Proper name of a patriot who, with the aid of Deborah, smote the [enemies].

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἀστραπὰσ ἀστραπαὶ ὡσ ἀστραπὴν ἀστραπῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1300b:

ἀστραπὰσ 4× (17.2%)

ἀστραπαὶ 4× (15.2%)

ὡσ 3× (12.8%)

ἀστραπὴν 3× (12.8%)

ἀστραπῆσ 2× (8.9%)

στίλβωσιν 2× (8.3%)

חרבי חַרְבִּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חרב

chereb

Definition

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

Root

from H2717 (חרב);

Exhaustive

from חרב; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement; axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2719

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶרֶב

noun / feminine • Root חרב • Strongs / High • Page 524

1. a sword; any sharp instrument like a knife, razor, axe, or chisel. 2. war. 3. dryness or consumption as a disease. 4. grave or mausoleum.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶרֶב

f. verbal • Root חרב • Page 246

1. a sword (Deut. 13:16, 20:13, Josh. 6:21). 2. other cutting instruments like a knife for circumcising (Josh. 5:2), a razor (Ezek. 5:1), a pickaxe (Ex. 20:25), or a battering ram (Ezek. 26:9). 3. dryness, drought (Deut. 28:22).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ῥομφαίᾳ ῥομφαίαν μάχαιραν μαχαίρᾳ ῥομφαία

LXX Usage Statistics

H2719:

ῥομφαίᾳ 62× (13.7%)

ῥομφαίαν 60× (14.4%)

μάχαιραν 39× (9.4%)

μαχαίρᾳ 35× (8.8%)

ῥομφαία 34× (8.4%)

μαχαίρασ 33× (8.2%)

ῥομφαίασ 28× (7.0%)

μάχαιρα 24× (5.9%)

'' 19× (4.3%)

μαχαίραισ 10× (2.4%)

ותאחז וְתֹאחֵז

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחז

ʼâchaz

Definition

to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession); [phrase] be affrighted, bar, (catch, lay, take) hold (back), come upon, fasten, handle, portion, (get, have or take) possess(-ion).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H270

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָחַז

verb • Root אחז • Strongs_Numbers • Page 99

1. to lay hold of, seize, take; 2. to hold together, to join, to fit (e.g., in architecture)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָחַז

verb • Page 39

1. To seize, lay hold of (Judg. 12:6, Ex. 4:4). 2. To take, catch, in hunting or fishing (Cant. 2:15, Ecc. 9:12). 3. To hold (1 Chr. 13:9, 2 Chr. 25:5). 4. To bind, join, fasten (1 K. 6:6, Ezek. 41:6). 5. To close, bar (Neh. 7:3). 6. To bind beams together (1 K. 6:10). 7. To take out, particularly passively to be drawn out by lot (Num. 31:30, 1 Chr. 24:6).

Conjunction, Verb Qal third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0270:

No stats available

במשפט בְּמִשְׁפָּט

in judgement

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

משפט

mishpâṭ

Definition

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

Root

from H8199 (שפט);

Exhaustive

from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4941

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

masculine noun • Root שפט • Strongs / High • Page 924

A multi-faceted term meaning: a cause or suit; a sentence or decision of a judge; a legal precept or rule; guilt or crime; a right, law, or custom; what belongs to someone (e.g., wages, privilege); usage, manner, or condition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Page 417

5. a right, privilege; e.g. מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה the right of redemption, Jer. 32:7; מִשְׁפַּט הַמֶּלֶךְ the right or prerogative of the king, 1 Sam. 8:9, 11. Particularly what belongs to any one by law, Deut. 18:3; מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים what belongs to the priests, i. e. their due, 1 Sam. 2:13. 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. צֶדֶק. Deut. 32:4. 7. a law, i. q. חֹק. Ex. 21:1. 24:3; particularly a divine law, Lev. 18:4, 5, 26. 8. a custom, usage. 1 K. 18:28. 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26:30. 2 K. 1:7. Judg. 13:12.

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Root שפט • Page 416

1. judgment, the act of judging. Lev. 19: 15. 2. a judgment, judicial decision. 1 K. 3: 28. 3. guilt, liability to punishment. Ezek. 7: 23. 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num. 27: 5.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: κρίμα κρίσιν κρίματα κρίσει κρίσισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4941:

κρίμα 87× (21.4%)

κρίσιν 68× (16.7%)

κρίματα 41× (9.1%)

κρίσει 20× (4.6%)

κρίσισ 19× (4.6%)

κρίματά 16× (3.4%)

κρίσεωσ 14× (3.5%)

δικαίωμα 14× (3.1%)

δικαιώματά 13× (2.7%)

κρίσεισ 10× (2.2%)

ידי יָדי

the hand of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יד

yâd

Definition

a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),

Root

a primitive word; in distinction from H3709 (כף), the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows)

Exhaustive

a primitive word; in distinction from כף, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows); a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),; ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3027

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָד

noun / feminine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 577

The hand, as that which lays hold of or seizes. Can also refer to the arm. It is used in a wide variety of metaphorical and technical senses, including assistance, power, custody, and human cooperation. Dual form: יָדַיִם, plural form: יָדוֹת.

יָד

noun / feminine • Root יד • Strongs / High • Page 578

The hand. It is used in a wide variety of literal and figurative senses, including: force, violence; divine power, punishment, or inspiration (the 'hand of God'); a sign of assurance or a pledge ('giving the hand'); a medium of action or agency; guidance and oversight; possession; power and might; mediation ('by the hand of').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָד

com. gen. • Page 270

1. The hand. Phrases include: assisting someone (1 Sam. 22:17), divine destruction (Ex. 9:3), divine inspiration or prophecy (Ezek. 1:3, Jer. 15:17), promising or striking hands (Ezra 10:19), and submission (2 Chr. 30:8, Ezek. 17:18). 2. Metaphorical uses: without human aid (Dan. 8:25), from generation to generation (Prov. 11:21). 3. Prepositional combinations: 'in the hand of' or 'by' (1 Sam. 14:34), 'through' (Num. 15:23), 'into the power or charge of' (Gen. 9:2, Ps. 95:7), 'before' (1 Sam. 21:14), and 'because of' (Job 8:4, Is. 64:6).

יָד

noun • Page 271

Definitions continued from previous page: 1. into the hand or hands of any one; through (Jer. 18:21). Plur. יָדוֹת: artificial hands, tenons, axle-trees. 2. the arm. 3. metaphorically, might, power, aid (Ex. 14:30, Deut. 32:36). 4. manner (1 K. 10:13, Ezra 3:10). 5. side, near (1 Sam. 19:3). Dual יָדַיִם: sides. Plur. יָדוֹת: ledges, side railings. 6. place (Deut. 23:13). 7. part (Dan. 12:7). 8. a monument, trophy (1 Sam. 15:12).

יָד

noun • Root יד • Page 271

Chaldee; equivalent to Hebrew יָד, hand. Emphatic state: יְדָא.

יָד

noun • Page 282

Mentioned in 1 Sam. 4:13 Kethib as an evident corruption for יַד (on the side), which stands in the Keri.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: χεῖρασ χειρὶ χειρὸσ χεῖρα χειρῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3027:

χεῖρασ 218× (12.8%)

χειρὶ 215× (12.3%)

χειρὸσ 169× (10.0%)

χεῖρα 139× (8.4%)

χειρῶν 100× (6.0%)

χεῖρά 87× (5.3%)

χεὶρ 75× (4.7%)

χερσὶν 61× (3.3%)

χειρί 55× (2.8%)

χειρόσ 50× (2.9%)

אשיב אָשִׁיב

I am causing to turn back

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

Verb Hiphil imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

נקם נָקָם

vengeance

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נקם

nâqâm

Definition

revenge

Root

from H5358 (נקם);

Exhaustive

from נקם; revenge; [phrase] avenged, quarrel, vengeance.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5359

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָקָם

noun / masculine • Root נקם • Strongs / High • Page 989

punishment, retaliation, revenge; day of revenge, retribution, punishment.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָקָם

noun masculine • Root נקם • Page 457

revenge. (Deut. 32: 35). To take revenge is expressed by הֵשִׁיב (Deut. 32: 41, 43), by נָקָם (Is. 47: 3; Jer. 20: 10), and by עָשָׂה (Ps. 149: 7; Ezek. 25: 17). Also עָשָׂה בִנְקָמָה to execute vengeance (Ezek. 25: 15). 2. desire of revenge (Lam. 3: 60).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἐκδίκησιν δίκην ἀνταποδόσεωσ κρίσεωσ ἐκδικήσεωσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5359:

ἐκδίκησιν 5× (29.0%)

δίκην 4× (20.6%)

ἀνταποδόσεωσ 2× (11.6%)

κρίσεωσ 2× (11.6%)

ἐκδικήσεωσ 2× (11.6%)

לצרי לְצָרָי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צר

tsar

Definition

narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); also a pebble ; (transitive) an opponent (as crowding)

Root

or צר; from H6887 (צרר); compare as in H6864 (צר)

Exhaustive

or צר; from צרר; compare as in צר; narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); also a pebble ; (transitive) an opponent (as crowding); adversary, afflicted(-tion), anguish, close, distress, enemy, flint, foe, narrow, small, sorrow, strait, tribulation, trouble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6862

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צַר

noun / adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1215

1. Narrow, strait, compressed, (applied to the arm or horns of a ram). 2. an adversary, an enemy.

צַר

noun masculine • Root צרר • Strongs / High • Page 1248

m. 1. An adversary, enemy, oppressor. 2. Straits, distress, trouble, danger (Abstract). 3. A rock, a stone. 4. Light, clearness, the sun (from צָהַר).

צַר

adjective • Root צרר • Strongs / High • Page 1248

adj. m., צָרָה f. narrow, narrowly enclosed, pressing, violent, straitened.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צַר

dec. viii. k. • Root צרר • Page 575

I. an adversary, enemy, persecutor. Est. 7: 4, 6. Neh. 4: 11. 9: 27. II. affliction, distress. Ps. 4: 2. 44: 11. 78: 42. III. a stone, i. q. צֹר. Is. 5: 28.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἐχθροὺσ ἐχθρῶν θλίψεωσ θλίβεσθαι θλίψει

LXX Usage Statistics

H6862c:

ἐχθροὺσ 9× (7.0%)

ἐχθρῶν 9× (7.4%)

θλίψεωσ 6× (5.1%)

θλίβεσθαι 5× (3.3%)

θλίψει 5× (3.8%)

θλίβοντεσ 4× (3.2%)

θλιβόντων 4× (3.5%)

θλίβοντέσ 3× (2.4%)

ἐχθροῖσ 3× (2.4%)

ἐχθροῦ 3× (2.9%)

ולמשנאי וְלִמְשַׂנְאַי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנא

sânêʼ

Definition

to hate (personally)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hate (personally); enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8130

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂנֵא

verb • Root שנא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to hate

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׂנֵא

chald. • Page 641

to hate. Part. שָׂנֵא an enemy, Dan. 4: 16. [4: 19.]

שָׂנֵא

verb • Page 641

1. to hate, construed with an accus. and with ל. Deut. 4: 42. 19: 4. 2. when used in opposition to אָהַב, merely comparatively, to love less, to slight. Deut. 21: 15. Niph. pass. Prov. 14: 17.

שְׁנָא

verb • Root שנה • Page 690

(after the Chaldaic form) to be changed. Lam. 4: 1. Pu. idem. Ecc. 8: 1.

שְׁנָא

verb • Page 690

1. to be changed or altered. Dan. 6: 18. 3: 27. Particularly to be changed for the worse. Dan. 5: 6. 2. to be different, diverse. Dan. 7: 3, 19, 23, 24. Pa. to change, alter, transform. Dan. 4: 13. Ithpa. to change itself. Dan. 2: 9. Aph. to change, alter, transgress. Dan. 2: 21; Ezra 6: 11, 12.

שְׁנָא

f. chald. • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Dan. 6: 19.

שֵׁנָא

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Ps. 127: 2.

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Piel participle active masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἐμίσησα μισῶν μισεῖ μισοῦντεσ μισοῦντάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8130:

ἐμίσησα 16× (11.0%)

μισῶν 10× (6.0%)

μισεῖ 10× (7.1%)

μισοῦντεσ 9× (5.1%)

μισοῦντάσ 7× (4.2%)

μισοῦντέσ 7× (4.2%)

μισούντων 6× (3.4%)

ἐμίσησασ 5× (3.5%)

μεμίσηκα 4× (2.9%)

ἐμίσησαν 4× (2.9%)

אשלם אֲשַׁלֵּם׃

I am making whole/sound

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלם

shâlam

Definition

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications); make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7999

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁלַם

verb • Root שלם • Strongs / High • Page 1436

I. (Qal, intr.) To be whole, untouched, entire (opposite חָסֵר); hence to be completed, finished; to be at an end; to remain uninjured, i.e., unpunished; to remain in peace, well-disposed, friendly, peaceful.

שָׁלַם

verb • Root שלם • Strongs / High • Page 1437

II. (not used) intr. to be high, rough, of a camel's hump or a district.

Verb Piel imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἀποτείσει ἀνταποδώσω ἀποδώσω ἀνταποδώσει ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H7999a:

ἀποτείσει 18× (14.8%)

ἀνταποδώσω 6× (4.4%)

ἀποδώσω 5× (4.2%)

ἀνταποδώσει 5× (4.0%)

--- 4× (3.3%)

ἀποδοῦναι 4× (2.8%)

ἀπόδοσ 3× (2.4%)

ἀνταποδίδωσιν 3× (2.4%)

'' 3× (2.1%)

---% 3× (2.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
If I sharpened the lightning of my sword, And my hand shall lay hold upon judgment, I will turn back vengeance to mine adversaries, And to those hating me I will requite,

LITV Translation:
If I have sharpened My glittering sword, and My hand lays hold on judgment, I will render vengeance to My foes, and I will repay those who hate Me.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
For I will sharpen my sword like lightning, And my hand shall take hold of judgment; And I will render judgment to my enemies, And will recompense them that hate me.